CN1316018C - Immobilized white-rot fungus and its application for composting garbage - Google Patents
Immobilized white-rot fungus and its application for composting garbage Download PDFInfo
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- CN1316018C CN1316018C CNB2005100311586A CN200510031158A CN1316018C CN 1316018 C CN1316018 C CN 1316018C CN B2005100311586 A CNB2005100311586 A CN B2005100311586A CN 200510031158 A CN200510031158 A CN 200510031158A CN 1316018 C CN1316018 C CN 1316018C
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a technology for treating urban household garbage using a microorganism immobilization technology. Vegetable material corn cobs are used as an immobilized carrier, and dissociated white rot fungi are prepared into an immobilized bacterial agent. Then, the immobilized white rot fungi are accessed into an activity increasing culture medium for enrichment culture for 4 to 6 days. Culture solutions are filtered out, and the white rot fungi are prepared into the immobilized bacterial agent. When used for treating garbage, the immobilized bacterial agent is inoculated at the time that the temperature of compost materials is dropped to about 40DEGC. The water content of the compost materials is adjusted, ventilation quantities are controlled, and the compost materials are turned in time until digest. The stronger capacities of producing lignin and degrading enzymes and the strong adsorption and fixing capacity to heavy metal of the white rot fungi are used, and the mobility of poisonous metal, such as Pb, Cd, etc., and the total amount of the poisonous metal in compost finished products are reduced by an immobilization technology. Thus, compost efficiency and decay heat extent are enhanced, the potential hazards brought by applying the compost to soil and crops are also reduced, and compost quality is greatly improved.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to the composting of solid waste, be specifically related to utilize microbial immobilized technical finesse domestic waste.
Background technology:
The tradition composting process is to utilize in the windrow indigenous microorganism to decompose organism in the rubbish, but often because the indigenous microorganism activity is weak, degradation capability is lower, and municipal wastes often contains a large amount of lignin bio-refractory materials, and is long and fertilizer efficiency is low to cause the composting time.And rubbish composting poor effect, the compost finished product degree of becoming thoroughly decomposed is not enough and use compost and cause heavy metal to accumulate this potential hazard, all is the limiting factor of the extensive development of composting technology now.Big quantity research has been done in domestic optimization at composting process at present, and dropped into a large amount of manpower and materials and developed the artificial inoculation agent, promote artificially that by inoculating all kinds of microbial inoculums biodegradable complicated organic matter degradation is small-molecule substance and the soil ulmin that cell can absorb, thereby improve the efficient of composting process and the quality of compost finished product.Patented technology relates to more preparation and inoculation for single high-efficiency strain, complex microbial inoculum.
Inoculated in the method for inoculating microbe composting treating refuse, less at the research of this difficult degradation thing of xylogen, particularly it can not reduce total metals in the compost in the past, and only heavy metal exists form to change to some extent in the composting process.At present, whiterot fungi is because of its broad spectrum, non-specificity, and all can well grow under two kinds of systems of solid, liquid, and more and more is subjected to people's attention.Whiterot fungi lignin degrading ability is strong, can be to multiple heteroplasia organic pollutant biodegrade, and can the active adsorption heavy metal ion, and environment do not had toxic action.Therefore, can be used in the composting process with degradation of organic substances and removal heavy metal.
But the lignin degradation enzyme system of whiterot fungi is present in extracellular environment, the structure of enzyme and activity are wrecked and influence for improving mechanical shear stress that stirring commonly used of reaction system efficient and oxygenation measure produced, thereby influence the Degradation of whiterot fungi xylogen etc.Simultaneously, though whiterot fungi can active adsorption heavy metal, can't effectively the whiterot fungi that dissociates be separated with windrow, make that total metals can not obviously reduce behind the composting.Therefore, whiterot fungi is lived to the degrading enzyme of xylogen be not subjected to the influence of mechanical shear stress in the reaction system, and the whiterot fungi of absorption heavy metal is separated with windrow, this is to utilize whiterot fungi efficiently to handle the domestic refuse problem demanding prompt solution.
Summary of the invention:
The present invention aims to provide a kind of immobilized white-rot fungus treating refuse, to solve the problems referred to above that exist in the composting garbage treating processes.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions the foregoing invention purpose.
In the potato liquid sucrose substratum that whiterot fungi inserts, add corn cob fritter as the whiterot fungi carrier by 20～30% volume ratio, 37 ℃ left standstill cultivation after 2～5 days, shaking culture one day, to closely be tied with the mycelial corn pellet of whiterot fungi again moves to insert with 5～7% inoculum size and increases in the substratum alive, under aeration condition, leave standstill in 30 ℃ and to cultivate 4～6 days, the elimination nutrient solution is made immobilized white-rot fungus; When this microbial inoculum is used for the garbage compost processing, after sorting, broken domestic refuse are adjusted water ratio, organic content and carbon-nitrogen ratio, at compost reaction unit discontinuous oxygen supply composting, when windrow is cooled to 35～40 ℃ in the question response device, weight ratio inoculation immobilized white-rot fungus by 5～10%, evenly mixed, adjust the compost water ratio 65～75%, ventilation is controlled at 0.3～0.5 m
3/ dkg, turning in per 2 days once after becoming thoroughly decomposed in 10～15 days, is sorted out the corn pellet, natural air drying, through screening be milled to the high-quality compost.
Be described in further detail the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Description of drawings:
The compost temperature variation diagram of Fig. 1 immobilized white-rot fungus composting process and whiterot fungi composting process;
The content of lignin variation diagram of Fig. 2 immobilized white-rot fungus composting process and whiterot fungi composting process.
Immobilized white-rot fungus of the present invention adopts Phanerochaete chrysosporium (Phanerochaete chrysosporium), and available from China typical culture collection center (CCTCC), preserving number is BKMF-1767.The bacterial classification switching is deposited on the potato sucrose medium.
The immobilization of whiterot fungi: scrape from slant medium and to get bacterial classification, be inoculated in the potato liquid sucrose substratum, add the 1cm of 20～30% volume ratios simultaneously
3The corn pellet, leave standstill in 37 ℃ and to cultivate 2～5d, treat that most of bacterium is fixed in the space of corn cob preferably, shaking culture 1d makes mycelia more closely twine corn cob again.Potato liquid sucrose substratum composition is: potato juice 1000mL, sucrose (or glucose) 20g, pH nature.Being prepared as of potato juice wherein: remove the potato 200.0g of skin, be cut into small pieces, in pot, add water 1000mL and boil half an hour, filter, get its filtrate, and add water and supply 1000mL with double gauze.
Immobilized white rot fungus increase work: the said fixing bacterium inserted with 5～7% inoculum size increased in the substratum alive, leave standstill the 4～6d that spreads cultivation in 30 ℃, and lead to oxygen by a conduit that is connected with small blast fan, treat in the corn cob space that thalli growth is vigorous, the mycelia adhere firmly is advisable.The elimination nutrient solution is made immobilized microbial inoculum, and microbial inoculum can be directly with inoculating in composting.Increasing medium component alive is: sucrose 0.6gL
-1, ammonium tartrate 1.2gL
-1, NaCl0.1gL
-1, KH
2PO
41.5gL
-1, MgSO
47H
2O0.5gL
-1, MnSO
14H
2O0.035gL
-1, VB
10.1mgL
-1
Immobilized white-rot fungus is that to adopt the plant waste corn cob be carrier, has both realized changing waste into resources effectively, has saved the carrier cost, certain nutritive substance is provided, has guaranteed the good growth of inoculation bacterium for microorganism again.Simultaneously spread cultivation, increase the effect of living through what increase substratum alive, can make the immobilized white rot fungus activity of inoculation usefulness stronger, more effectively lignin degrading class difficult degradation thing promotes finally becoming thoroughly decomposed of compost; And closely can more effectively adsorb heavy metal because mycelia is vigorous, improve the compost final product quality.
The technological process of composting garbage is as follows:
1. get new refuse, sort out wherein glass, plastics, stone, battery, metal objects etc.Tentatively be crushed to particle size range and reach 15～40mm.Adjusting water ratio is 50～60%, organic content 50～60%, and C/N is than 25～35: 1.
2. will carry out composting through the rubbish of the above-mentioned processing compost reaction unit of packing into, and adopt intermittent type oxygen supply mode, ventilation is controlled at 0.5～0.7 m
3/ (dkg), and the temperature variation in the observation composting process.
3. treat that composting enters temperature-fall period through hot stage, during ℃ left and right sides, heap temperature drop to 35～40, by 5～10% ratio (weight ratio) inoculation immobilized white-rot fungus, evenly continue behind the mixing to ferment again.Like this since windrow through many low temperature in the indigenous microorganism behind temperature rise period and the hot stage and mesophilic bacteria is killed or active the reduction, make that microbial population is comparatively simple in the windrow, thereby can reduce the restraining effect of indigenous microorganism, shorten the time that inoculating microbe adapts to the composting environment the immobilized white rot fungus of inoculation.
Simultaneously, adjust windrow water ratio to 65～75%, to provide suitable immobilized white rot fungus to keep active, to accelerate the required matrix water ratio of mycelial growth, make the microbial inoculum that adds to become the advantage group in the windrow quickly, strengthened the decomposition of hard-degraded substance such as lignocellulose in the windrow greatly, promote the degree of depth of compost to become thoroughly decomposed, and be beneficial to immobilized bacterium Adsorption of Heavy Metal Ions (as Pb, Cd etc.) effectively, reduce the biological effectiveness of heavy metal in the compost.In addition, decrease based on microorganism oxygen-consumption in the composting temperature-fall period, the heap temperature descends very fast, has influenced the activity of inoculating bacterium in order to guarantee temperature not reduce to low preferably, and from saving running cost, air flow has been decreased to 0.3～0.5m
3/ (dkg), and every 2d turning is once, to guarantee fully contacting of immobilized white rot fungus and each layer windrow.
4. windrow is sorted out the corn pellet that adheres to whiterot fungi behind the further fermentation maturity of inoculation immobilized white rot fungus, and compost needs promptly to get final finished through natural air drying by sieving once more and grinding.
This method has made full use of the active effect of indigenous microorganism at the compost initial stage, inoculation is by the immobilized white rot fungus of plant waste corn cob as carrier in follow-up composting process, and, make the inoculation bacterium bring into play its specific function well by suitably adjusting the fermentation reactor system condition.The present invention has improved composting efficiency, shortens about 10d than whiterot fungi composting process; And not only make general organism obtain degraded, also make the lignin hard-degraded substance all obtain efficient decomposition, promoted the degree of depth of compost to become thoroughly decomposed; And realized the minimizing of total metals in the compost finished product by sorting out the immobilized bacterium that is adsorbed with heavy metal.Whole composting process operation facility, technology is simple, and input cost is low, and practicality is stronger.
Embodiment:
Immobilization is handled: gather the fresh domestic refuse 20kg of certain manufacturing district, choose wherein glass, plastics, brick and tile, fabric, refuse battery and metal etc., but get the rubbish 9kg of composting, be crushed to the particle size range of 15～40mm.Msw water content is 60%, and the C/N ratio is 25: 1, and organic content is 60%.Rubbish is packed in the compost reaction unit, the intermittent type oxygen supply, ventilation is controlled at 0.6m
3/ (dkg).After immobilized white-rot fungus is made as stated above,, leach, wait to pile about temperature drop to 40 ℃ after (composting is carried out 7d) inoculum size (weight ratio) inoculation by 5%, fully mixing in above-mentionedly increasing in the substratum alive 30 ℃ of cultivations, increasing 4d alive.In the inoculation immobilized white-rot fungus, adjust windrow water ratio to 70%, ventilation is reduced to 0.3m
3/ dkg continue fermentation, and every 2d turning once.After fermenting 10～15 days after the inoculation, the windrow temperature tends towards stability again, and color is chocolate, and is destitute of smell substantially, can be considered and becomes thoroughly decomposed.
Contrast: windrow source, windrow nature parameters and pre-treatment thereof are identical with the said fixing processing.Adopt conventional inoculation compost method, composting in identical compost reaction unit, garbage treatment quantity is identical, and the inoculum size by weight 5% is added free whiterot fungi and 1cm
3The mixture of corn pellet, wherein corn cob plays the raising agent effect in the composting process, whole composting process control ventilation 0.6m
3/ (dkg), do not regulate ventilation in the compost later stage.Contrast is handled without immobilization, increases the identical substratum of living but adopt to spread cultivation with immobilized bacterium, to free whiterot fungi spread cultivation increase live after, again corn cob is also pressed 20%～30% inoculum size and is mixed with bacteria suspension, promptly get and inoculate used mixture.
The composting effect of inoculation immobilized white rot fungus composting process and whiterot fungi composting process: compost temperature changes sees Fig. 1, and the xylogen surplus changes sees Fig. 2, and the total metals contrast sees Table 1 in the compost.
Make comparisons by the effect that two kinds of compost method compostings are handled, can find to adopt composting of the present invention handle compost in each total metals in various degree reduction is all arranged, and in postvaccinal composting process, can see the remarkable decline of xylogen surplus, pile the stage that warm decline is slowed down even rise is arranged.Adopt composting of the present invention can keep the microorganism active of compost temperature-fall period the long period, promote the degree of depth of windrow to become thoroughly decomposed, improve the efficient of compost, compost method than the inoculation whiterot fungi was gathered in the crops the higher compost finished product of the degree of becoming thoroughly decomposed approximately ahead of time in 7～12 days, and quality of finished is good, it is few to contain heavy metal, and the potential hazard of using existence is little, is a kind of effective consumer garbage compost treatment technology.
Total metals table before and after the rubbish composting that table 1 immobilized white-rot fungus and whiterot fungi are handled
| Heavy metal | Before the composting (mg/kg) | Behind the composting (mg/kg) | ||
| Handle | Contrast | Handle | Contrast | |
| Mercury (Hg) cadmium (Cd) chromium (Cr) plumbous (Pb) | 0.43 2.02 20.8 54.1 | 0.41 2.08 19.7 54.5 | 0.32 ND 11.4 28.5 | 0.39 2.00 18.8 54.6 |
Annotate: ND represents not detect.
Claims (2)
1, a kind of immobilized white-rot fungus, it is characterized in that in the potato liquid sucrose substratum that whiterot fungi inserts adding corn cob fritter as the whiterot fungi carrier by 20～30% volume ratio, 37 ℃ left standstill cultivation after 2～5 days, shaking culture one day, to closely be tied with the mycelial corn pellet of whiterot fungi again moves to insert with 5～7% inoculum size and increases in the substratum alive, under aeration condition, leave standstill cultivation 4～6 days in 30 ℃, the elimination nutrient solution, make immobilized white-rot fungus, the composition that increases substratum alive is: sucrose 0.6gL
-1, ammonium tartrate 1.2gL
-1, NaCl 0.1gL
-1, KH
2PO
41.5gL
-1, MgSO
47H
2O 0.5gL
-1, MnSO
4H
2O 0.035gL
-1, VB
10.1mgL
-1
2, the application of a kind of immobilized white-rot fungus as claimed in claim 1 in composting garbage, comprise after sorting, broken domestic refuse are adjusted water ratio, organic content and carbon-nitrogen ratio, at compost reaction unit discontinuous oxygen supply composting, when it is characterized in that windrow is cooled to 35～40 ℃ in the question response device, weight ratio inoculation immobilized white-rot fungus by 5～10%, evenly mixed, adjust the compost water ratio 65～75%, ventilation is controlled at 0.3～0.5m
3/ dkg, turning in per 2 days once after becoming thoroughly decomposed in 10～15 days, is sorted out the corn pellet, natural air drying, through screening be milled to the high-quality compost.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2005100311586A CN1316018C (en) | 2005-01-17 | 2005-01-17 | Immobilized white-rot fungus and its application for composting garbage |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2005100311586A CN1316018C (en) | 2005-01-17 | 2005-01-17 | Immobilized white-rot fungus and its application for composting garbage |
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| CN1654644A CN1654644A (en) | 2005-08-17 |
| CN1316018C true CN1316018C (en) | 2007-05-16 |
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Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102616912B (en) * | 2012-04-10 | 2013-05-29 | 湖南大学 | Method for adsorbing lead in wastewater by using composite magnetic biological adsorbent |
| CN102659296A (en) * | 2012-05-31 | 2012-09-12 | 北京师范大学 | Method for controlling lake plant siltation by white rot fungi |
| CN104293742B (en) * | 2014-09-29 | 2017-08-25 | 湖南大学 | The method for extracting SOD in white-rot fungi compound adsorbent, CAT, nadh oxidase and ATP simultaneously |
| CN106638081B (en) * | 2016-10-28 | 2018-01-16 | 河南华禹环保科技有限公司 | Preparation method for the filter paper fibre carrier of whiterot fungi culture |
| CN108456024A (en) * | 2018-01-24 | 2018-08-28 | 东北农业大学 | A kind of repairing method of microorganism of organic castoff compost containing heavy metal |
| CN110467924A (en) * | 2019-09-09 | 2019-11-19 | 山东胜伟盐碱地科技有限公司 | A kind of alkaline land soil mercury, cadmium ion remover and preparation method thereof |
| CN112430135A (en) * | 2020-11-24 | 2021-03-02 | 北京建筑大学 | Wet garbage reinforced thermal hydrolysis-high temperature aerobic fermentation treatment system and method |
| CN115304431A (en) * | 2022-08-11 | 2022-11-08 | 中城建胜义(深圳)环境科技有限公司 | Method for preparing soil conditioner by using humus |
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Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
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| 白腐菌的研究现状及其在檄肥中的应用展望 黄丹莲，微生物学通报，第31卷第2期 2004 * |
| 白腐菌的研究现状及其在檄肥中的应用展望 黄丹莲，微生物学通报，第31卷第2期 2004;零肥中纤维素和木质素的生物降解研究现状 席北斗，环境污染治理技术与设备，第3卷第3期 2002 * |
| 零肥中纤维素和木质素的生物降解研究现状 席北斗，环境污染治理技术与设备，第3卷第3期 2002 * |
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