CN112430135A - Wet garbage reinforced thermal hydrolysis-high temperature aerobic fermentation treatment system and method - Google Patents

Wet garbage reinforced thermal hydrolysis-high temperature aerobic fermentation treatment system and method Download PDF

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CN112430135A
CN112430135A CN202011333377.0A CN202011333377A CN112430135A CN 112430135 A CN112430135 A CN 112430135A CN 202011333377 A CN202011333377 A CN 202011333377A CN 112430135 A CN112430135 A CN 112430135A
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thermal hydrolysis
aerobic fermentation
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刘建伟
臧娜娜
陈欣玥
冯文韬
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Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture
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Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/10—Addition or removal of substances other than water or air to or from the material during the treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
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    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
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Abstract

The invention discloses a wet garbage intensified thermal hydrolysis-high temperature aerobic fermentation treatment system and a method, comprising a pretreatment system, a thermal hydrolysis system, a high temperature aerobic fermentation system, a secondary curing system and a post-treatment system; the invention is based on that wet garbage can be mixed with other components, and needs to be pretreated to sort out other garbage components which are not beneficial to aerobic fermentation, thereby improving the biodegradability of the wet garbage and reducing the oil content, and further improving the resource utilization rate of degradable organic components in the wet garbage.

Description

Wet garbage reinforced thermal hydrolysis-high temperature aerobic fermentation treatment system and method
Technical Field
The invention relates to a solid waste treatment system and a method, in particular to a reinforced thermal hydrolysis-high temperature aerobic fermentation treatment system and a method.
Background
The wet garbage is perishable garbage, which refers to perishable biomass domestic wastes such as food material waste, leftovers, melon peel and fruit kernel, traditional Chinese medicine dregs and the like. The method is concerned by the characteristics of increasing the yield year by year, high oil content, high water content and the like. The following treatment technologies are mainly used for treating garbage: incineration, landfill, anaerobic fermentation and aerobic composting.
Conventional incineration and landfill are not suitable for treating wet garbage with high humidity and high organic content, and the two technologies are easy to generate secondary pollutants. The anaerobic fermentation technology is a technology for biologically degrading wet garbage by utilizing the action of anaerobic microorganisms and generating methane, but the technology is complex, the anaerobic condition is strict and is not easy to manage. The aerobic fermentation technology is a technology for degrading organic components into stable organic matters by using microorganisms under the conditions of sufficient oxygen and good ventilation effect. Although aerobic composting technology has significant advantages in terms of treatment efficiency and capacity, product performance. However, the wet garbage contains cellulose, hemicellulose and other organic substances which are difficult to degrade, has certain oil content and is not suitable for being treated by the conventional aerobic fermentation technology.
Therefore, it is very necessary to develop a novel treatment process and reactor capable of improving the organic components and biodegradation efficiency of wet garbage.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: one of the purposes of the invention is to provide a wet garbage intensified thermal hydrolysis-high temperature aerobic fermentation treatment system, which improves the resource utilization rate of wet garbage; the second purpose of the invention is to provide a wet garbage intensified thermal hydrolysis-high temperature aerobic fermentation treatment method.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention relates to a wet garbage reinforced thermal hydrolysis-high temperature aerobic fermentation treatment system, which comprises a pretreatment system, a thermal hydrolysis system, a high temperature aerobic fermentation system, a secondary curing system and a post-treatment system;
the pretreatment system comprises a temporary garbage storage room, a crusher, a homogeneous slurry mixing tank for adjusting the water content of wet garbage, a rotary type grating for removing light floating impurities in slurry, a sand remover and a homogeneous regulator for adjusting the water content of the wet garbage, and the pretreatment system and the rotary type grating are sequentially connected through a conveying belt;
the thermal hydrolysis system comprises a microwave reactor, a thermal hydrolysis reaction tank, a heat exchanger, a three-phase separation centrifuge and a water purifier, wherein a feed inlet of the microwave reactor is communicated with a discharge outlet of the homogenizing regulator, a discharge outlet of the microwave reactor is communicated with a feed inlet of the thermal hydrolysis reaction tank, a discharge outlet of the thermal hydrolysis reaction tank is communicated with an inlet of the heat exchanger, and an outlet of the heat exchanger is communicated with a discharge outlet of the three-phase separation centrifuge; a stirring device is arranged in the pyrohydrolysis reaction tank, and a gas collecting port of the pyrohydrolysis reaction tank is connected with a gas collecting device; the three-phase separation centrifuge is respectively provided with a water phase discharge port, a slag phase discharge port and an oil phase discharge port, and the water phase discharge port is communicated with the water purifier;
the high-temperature aerobic fermentation system comprises a raw material compounding device and a fermentation device, wherein the raw material compounding device is provided with a feed inlet, a discharge outlet, a water inlet and a feeding machine for adding a catalyst and a strain, the feed inlet is communicated with a slag phase discharge outlet of a three-phase separation centrifugal machine and an outlet of a water purifier, and the discharge outlet is communicated with a feed inlet of a horizontal fermentation roller; the fermentation device is provided with a feed inlet, a discharge outlet, a vent, a heater, an oxygen inlet, a waste liquid discharge port and a waste gas discharge port, the waste liquid discharge port is connected with the liquid collecting tank, the waste gas discharge port is connected with the gas collecting device, and the oxygen inlet is connected with the oxygen supplier;
the secondary curing system comprises a closed curing device, the curing device is provided with a feeding pipe, a discharging port and a vent, the feeding pipe is connected with the discharging port of the fermentation device and a feeding machine for supplementing strains, and the discharging port is connected with the post-treatment system.
Preferably, the pyrohydrolysis system further comprises a pyrohydrolysis container, and the microwave reactor and the pyrohydrolysis reaction tank are arranged in the pyrohydrolysis container; the bottom of the microwave reactor is provided with a lifting device, so that one side of the microwave reaction cavity is lifted, and the lifting slope angle is 40-60 degrees. The thermal hydrolysis device and the microwave reaction device are integrally arranged in the thermal hydrolysis container so as to be convenient for integral heat preservation; the lifting device is used for lifting the height of the reaction cavity of the microwave reactor, the slope angle of the lifting device is 40-60 degrees, the materials are conveniently and completely transferred to the subsequent reaction, and the loss of the materials in the transfer process is reduced as much as possible.
Preferably, the fermentation device is a horizontal fermentation drum, a spiral material shoveling plate is arranged in the drum, and the ventilation openings are uniformly arranged at the bottom of the fermentation drum at equal intervals. The height of the shoveling plate is about 1/10 of the inner diameter of the cylinder, the used material is still a stainless steel plate, the shoveling plate and the axis of the cylinder form an angle of 45 degrees and is arranged on the inner wall of the cylinder, two circles are arranged in the axial direction, the shoveling plate can stir materials in the rotating process so that the reaction can be fully carried out, the contact between the materials and oxygen is increased, and the integral temperature is controlled to be above 70 ℃.
The secondary curing system is a closed strip-stack compost, a forced ventilation mode is adopted, the two ends of the secondary curing system are respectively connected with a feeding pipe and a discharging pipe, a feeding machine is further installed above the feeding pipe, the feeding machine supplements the required dominant strain white rot fungi for reaction, the adding amount of the white rot fungi is 3-7 wt% of the total weight of the compost, namely the mass percentage of the white rot fungi is 3% -7%. The bottom of the reaction tank is provided with a vent pipe to provide oxygen required by the reaction.
The post-treatment system mainly comprises biological drying, screening, homogenizing, granulation molding, drying, screening and the like. And the biological drying is to continuously utilize the residual heat of the strip-shaped piled compost in the secondary curing to continuously ferment the materials, so that the water content of the materials is reduced. The screening system is used for screening the materials in the biological drying in the previous step, removing impurities with overlarge particle sizes out of the reaction system, and continuously putting the screened materials into a ball mill for grinding and crushing to enable the particle sizes to meet the requirements. The homogenizing device is used for adjusting the nutrition proportion of the compost, and conditioners such as straws, weeds, wood chips and the like are required to be added into the homogenizing device to adjust elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like in the materials. And the granulation molding means that the materials reacted in the previous step are continuously introduced into granulation equipment, and the materials are prepared into particles with proper particle size. And the drying means that the materials obtained in the last step are continuously introduced into a dryer to further dry and dehydrate the particles. And screening means that the materials obtained in the last step are classified according to size, the materials with the sizes meeting the requirements are qualified products, and the materials with the sizes not meeting the requirements are continuously introduced into a ball mill to circulate the reaction until the obtained materials meet the requirements.
The invention also provides a wet garbage reinforced thermal hydrolysis-high temperature aerobic fermentation treatment method, which comprises pretreatment, thermal hydrolysis treatment, high temperature aerobic fermentation treatment, secondary curing treatment and post-treatment,
the pretreatment comprises the following steps: carrying out crushing treatment on the wet garbage subjected to draining and sorting to obtain a material with the particle size of less than 50mm, and then carrying out homogenizing and size mixing treatment to adjust the water content of the material to 60-70 vol%; then, carrying out impurity removal treatment and homogenization adjustment treatment to obtain a material with the water content of 80-90 vol% and the pH value of 9-11; wherein, the water content is the volume ratio.
The thermal hydrolysis treatment comprises: carrying out microwave treatment and thermokalite hydrolysis treatment on the pretreated material, carrying out three-phase separation treatment on the material obtained by thermokalite hydrolysis treatment after temperature reduction treatment to obtain an oil phase, a water phase and a slag phase material, purifying the water phase material to ensure that the oil content of the water phase is less than or equal to 0.3 vol%, carrying out subsequent reaction on the purified water phase and the slag phase, and collecting and recycling the oil phase; wherein, the oil content is the volume ratio.
The high-temperature aerobic fermentation treatment comprises the following steps: compounding the slag phase and the treated water, and adding an additive to obtain a compounded material with a pH value of 7.3-8.5 and a water content of 55-60%; adding the compound materials into a fermentation drum for high-temperature aerobic composting treatment, stirring and mixing the materials in the treatment process, wherein the reaction temperature is higher than 70 ℃, and collecting leachate and gas generated by treatment;
the secondary curing treatment comprises the step of carrying out closed strip-stack composting treatment on the material subjected to high-temperature aerobic fermentation treatment, and the post-treatment comprises the steps of biological drying, screening, homogenizing, granulation molding, drying, dehydration and screening to obtain the organic fertilizer.
Wherein the post-treatment comprises the following steps:
(1) carrying out biological drying treatment on the material after the secondary curing treatment,
the biological drying is carried out by utilizing the waste heat of the material and oxygen introduced into the drying bin, the biological drying time is controlled to be 1-3 days, the drying temperature is 40-55 ℃, and the water content of the treated material is 18-22 vol%.
(2) Screening the dried material to obtain oversize products, undersize products and screened products, wherein the oversize products are large granular substances and are recycled, and the screened products are ground;
(3) feeding the ground screened material and undersize material in the step (2) into a homogenizing workshop, and adding a regulator to enable each component of the material to meet the fertilizer preparation requirement; the mass ratio of the nitrogen element to the phosphorus element is 3-4.5: 1;
(4) granulating, molding, drying and screening the material treated in the step (3) to obtain an organic fertilizer; wherein, the particle size after the material granulation molding is 3-5mm, and the moisture content of the material is below 10% by drying.
Preferably, in the thermal hydrolysis treatment, the microwave treatment time is 60-120s, the power is 1-2 KW, and the temperature of the heated material is 100-150 ℃; and standing the materials for 5-15 minutes after the microwave treatment is finished, and then performing subsequent treatment. The treatment can promote the dissolution and release of nutrient substances in the kitchen waste, and the dissolution rate of ammonia nitrogen is higher after the treatment; and the time of hot alkali hydrolysis can be shortened, and the standard value of the Maillard reaction is avoided.
Preferably, in the thermal hydrolysis treatment, the temperature of the thermal alkali hydrolysis treatment is 150-180 ℃, and the pressure is 0.8-0.9 Mpa.
Preferably, in the raw material compounding treatment, the additive comprises a sodium hydroxide solution, a hydrogen peroxide solution, cellulase, a conditioner, an expanding agent and a strain; the adding amount of the sodium hydroxide solution is 3-8%, the adding amount of the hydrogen peroxide solution is 1-2%, the adding amount of the cellulase is 2-5%, the adding amount of the conditioner is 15-25%, and the adding amount of the expanding agent is 5-15% and the adding amount of the strain is 0.5-1% based on 100% of the total material weight; wherein the mass percentage concentration of the hydrogen peroxide solution is 10-15%, and the mass percentage concentration of the hydrogen peroxide solution is 10-15%; the strain comprises thermophilic bacteria, mesophilic bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi, and the mass ratio of the thermophilic bacteria to the mesophilic bacteria to the actinomycetes to the fungi is 3-5: 2-4: 1-2: 1.
Wherein the thermophilic bacteria mainly comprises bacillus subtilis, bacillus circulans, bacillus licheniformis and the like, the mesophilic bacteria mainly comprises pseudomonas, bacillus and the like, the actinomycetes mainly comprises monospore bacteria, nocardia and the like, and the fungi comprises geotrichum, aspergillus fumigatus and the like.
Preferably, in the secondary curing treatment, white rot fungi are added into the materials before the secondary curing, and the adding amount is 3-7% of the total weight of the compost; the treatment time is 10-15 days, and ventilation is carried out to reduce the temperature of the reactor to 50-60 ℃.
Further, the wet garbage reinforced thermal hydrolysis-high temperature aerobic fermentation treatment method comprises the following steps:
s1, pretreatment
And (3) conveying the wet garbage which is processed by the sorting system and is placed in the temporary garbage storage room to subsequent processing equipment for pretreatment by using a conveyor with a draining device, and treating the obtained drained water for subsequent use. The wet garbage is conveyed to an impact crusher under the action of a conveyor for crushing treatment, and the materials are crushed into substances with the particle size of below 50 mm.
And (3) feeding the treated material into a homogeneous mixing tank, adjusting the water content of the material by utilizing the weight and the water gauge on the outer wall of the homogeneous mixing tank and the treated leachate, controlling the water content to be 60-70 vol%, stirring by using a vertical stirrer during adjustment, and controlling the rotating speed to be 50-80 r/min.
The treated materials are sent into a rotary fine grid and a desander to remove light floating impurities in the slurry and sand in the system, so that the service life of a subsequent device is protected, and the reaction process of subsequent thermal hydrolysis is improved.
The treated material is sent into a homogenizing regulator, the water content of the material is continuously regulated by utilizing the weight of the homogenizing regulator, the integral water content is controlled to be 80-90 vol%, simultaneously, the mixture of sodium hydroxide solid and hydrogen peroxide solution is added as a catalyst, the PH of the material is regulated to 9-11, wherein the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide solution is 30%, the dosage of the hydrogen peroxide solution accounts for 5-10% of the total weight of the material, and the dosage of the sodium hydroxide accounts for 15-20% of the total weight of the material
S2, microwave treatment
And (4) feeding the material processed in the step (S1) into a microwave reaction cavity, processing the wet garbage for 60S by using microwaves after a microwave reaction power supply is turned on, turning off the power supply of the microwave reactor, and standing the material for 7 minutes. Wherein the power of the microwave treatment is 1.5 KW.
Introducing the treated material into a thermal hydrolysis reaction tank for continuous subsequent reaction, treating the material by adopting a thermal alkaline hydrolysis mode, controlling the temperature to be 150-180 ℃ by utilizing a temperature display outside the wall of the reaction tank, controlling the pressure to be 0.8-0.9Mpa, controlling the heating time to be 40min, and directly introducing the obtained gas into a gas collection device.
The treated materials are introduced into a heat exchanger, the obtained heat is continuously introduced into a subsequent high-temperature aerobic composting device, and the obtained cooled materials are subjected to subsequent reaction.
Introducing the treated material into a three-phase separation centrifuge at a rotation speed of 2250/min (namely, the separation factor is 1400), so as to obtain an oil phase, a water phase and a slag phase, introducing the water phase into a purification device, so that the oil content in the water phase is not more than 0.3%, and then continuing to perform subsequent reaction together with the slag phase. Collecting and recycling the obtained oil phase.
And introducing the treated material into a raw material compounding device, adjusting the pH, the water content and the like, and adding NaOH with the mass of 6% of the total weight of the material and H2O2 with the mass of 1% of the total weight of the material to accelerate the degradation of substances such as lignin and cellulose. The concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution used was 3% and the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide used was 10%. Adding a proper amount of alkalescent buffer NaHCO3The overall pH is controlled to be 7.3-8.5 so as to enhance the temperature rising effect of the compost. Adding 2-5% of cellulase, controlling the water content to be 55-60%, adding 20% of conditioning agent such as straw and weeds, and 10% of expanding agent such as wood dust, wherein the content of added strains is 0.5-1% of the total weight of the materials, and the ratio of the strains is as follows: thermophilic bacteria, mesophilic bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi are 4: 3: 2: 1, in which the thermophilic bacteria mainly are formed from bacillus subtilis, circulans bacillus and bacillus licheniformis, the mesophilic bacteria mainly are formed from pseudomonad and bacillus, and the actinomycetes mainly are formed from single componentSpore bacteria, Nocardia, etc., and fungi comprising Geotrichum, Aspergillus fumigatus, etc.
S3, high-temperature aerobic fermentation
And (5) introducing the material treated in the step S2 into a horizontal fermentation drum for high-temperature aerobic composting. The roller used by the invention is made of double-layer stainless steel materials, the outer diameter is about 1.2m-1.3m, the inner diameter is about 1m-1.1m, and a polyurethane heat-insulating layer with the thickness of 20mm is added between the inner layer and the outer layer so as to enhance the heat-insulating effect of the stack body and the length is about 6 m. Controlling the fermentation speed between 0.2r/min and 0.5r/min by using a motor of 1.5kw to rotate the material and the roller instrument. The inside screw-tupe material shoveling plate that sets up of cylinder, the shoveling plate height is 1/10 of barrel internal diameter about, and used material still is stainless steel plate, is 45 jiaos with the barrel axis and installs at the barrel inner wall, and two circles are arranged to the axial, and the shoveling plate can stir so that the reaction can fully go on at the rotation in-process material, increases the contact of material and oxygen. The whole temperature is controlled to be above 70 ℃. The oxygen demand required by the reaction is adjusted according to the optimal oxygen demand displayed by the oxygen concentration sensor, an oxygen feeder is used for supplying oxygen to the reaction, and the oxygen feeding rate is controlled as follows: 0.2m3/min-0.5m3/min, and aeration is carried out for 60s at intervals of 10 min. The maximum amount of material contained in the cylinder is 70 t. The used feeding mode is intermittent feeding, the feeding is controlled to be carried out once every two days, the feeding time lasts for 6 hours each time, the discharging time frequency is kept consistent with the feeding to ensure that the composting reaction is fully carried out, and the rotating speed of the roller is properly increased in the feeding and discharging process and is controlled to be 0.8r/min-0.9r/min to reduce the loss of materials in the transferring process. The selected ventilation mode is forced ventilation, a ventilation hole is arranged at the bottom of the fermentation drum from the beginning, fresh air enters the fermentation drum from the ventilation hole, and the selected parameters are the same as oxygen supply parameters but are carried out in a staggered way with oxygen supply. The time should be controlled at 12-14d in this stage. Percolate generated in the process is collected into a liquid collecting tank through a liquid collecting groove at the bottom of the bin, and generated gas is collected and discharged through a specific gas collecting device.
S4, secondary curing
And (4) introducing the material treated in the step (S3) into a secondary curing device for continuous reaction, wherein the secondary curing adopts closed strip-pile type compost, and dominant bacteria white rot fungi are added into the material before the secondary curing, and the adding amount is 5% of the total weight of the compost. Controlling the time to be 10-15d, ventilating once every five days, and setting the ventilation time and other related parameters to be the same as S10 so as to reduce the temperature of the reactor to about 55-60 ℃.
S5, post-processing
And (4) introducing the treated material into a biological drying bin for biological drying. And (3) adopting a forced ventilation mode to control the ventilation rate: 0.5m3/min-0.7m3And aeration is carried out for 60s every 10min at a time interval. The biological drying is carried out by utilizing the waste heat of the material and the oxygen introduced into the drying bin, the biological drying time is controlled to be about 1d, the temperature is maintained to be about 50 ℃, and the water content of the treated material is about 20 percent.
And (3) conveying the material subjected to biological drying treatment into a subsequent screening device, wherein oversize materials are large-particle materials which can be continuously recycled, oversize materials can be continuously ground by a ball mill and conveyed into a homogenizing device, and the screened materials are conveyed into the homogenizing device.
And (3) feeding the treated materials into a homogenizing workshop for subsequent reaction. In the workshop, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements in the materials are monitored, the ratio of N to P is (3-4.5) to 1, and proper amount of straws, weeds, wood chips and the like can be added for regulation, so that the content of each component is ensured to reach the fertilizer production standard.
And (3) feeding the treated materials into granulation equipment to prepare granules with the particle size of 3-5 mm.
And (3) feeding the treated materials into a direct fuel oil hot-blast stove to continuously dry and dehydrate, and controlling the water content of the materials to be below 10%.
And (3) continuously screening the materials processed in the steps, and continuously feeding the obtained unqualified products (the particle size is not within the range of 3-5 mm) back to the ball mill for circular treatment until the qualified products are qualified, wherein the qualified products are the obtained organic fertilizer.
In the prior art, the conventional wet garbage aerobic fermentation treatment process has limited treatment efficiency on wet garbage containing cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin substances, and in addition, the low garbage sorting efficiency causes low purity of the wet garbage, so that compost products contain impurities and the product quality is low; and the conventional thermal hydrolysis process of aerobic fermentation pretreatment has high energy consumption, and Maillard reaction occurs when the temperature reaches more than 200 ℃, namely a complex byproduct, namely melanoid, is generated and difficult to biodegrade, so that the biochemical property of a hydrolysate is reduced, and even some dioxin substances can be generated.
The invention is based on that wet garbage can be mixed with other components and needs to be pretreated, other garbage components which are not beneficial to aerobic fermentation are sorted out, the biodegradability of the wet garbage is improved, and the oil content is reduced, so that the resource utilization rate of degradable organic components in the wet garbage is improved; and develops a novel treatment process and a reactor which can remove mixed components in the wet garbage and improve the organic components and the biodegradation efficiency of the wet garbage.
The invention is provided with an integrated combined treatment device, organically combines a microwave technology, a thermokalite hydrolysis technology and a high-temperature aerobic composting technology, designs the integrated combined type pyrohydrolysis device comprising the microwave pretreatment area and the thermokalite hydrolysis reaction area, effectively solves the problems that the wet garbage has high oil-water content, organic components are difficult to degrade, a pyrohydrolysis process is not suitable for high temperature and the like, simultaneously promotes the high-temperature aerobic composting process, improves the quality of compost products, and makes the pyrohydrolysis process become a pretreatment process of high-temperature aerobic fermentation possible.
The integrated device is not limited to pretreatment of a thermal hydrolysis process, and also comprises a subsequent heat exchange device and a three-phase separation device. The heat exchange device can cool the material subjected to thermokalite hydrolysis treatment, and the obtained heat is introduced into a subsequent high-temperature aerobic fermentation device, so that the energy is recycled. The three-phase separation device connected behind the thermal hydrolysis device and the heat exchange device can be classified and collected, the obtained oil phase can be recycled through collection, and the obtained water phase and the slag phase can be continuously introduced into the subsequent reaction device after being purified, so that the reutilization rate of the raw materials is maximized.
Meanwhile, the device is designed for the high-temperature aerobic fermentation treatment device so as to solve the problems of poor compost temperature rise effect, low degradation efficiency of organic matters such as lignocellulose and the like, low quality of compost finished products and the like in the high-temperature aerobic fermentation processThe problem is that the feeding device is added before the high-temperature aerobic composting process and the secondary curing process, and the materials required by the reaction are proportioned again and then added. The method specifically comprises the following steps: (1) NaOH with the mass of 6 percent of the total material weight and H with the mass of 1 percent of the total material weight are added before the high-temperature aerobic composting process is started2O2So as to accelerate the degradation of lignin, cellulose and other substances. (2) Adding a proper amount of alkalescent buffering agent NaHCO before the high-temperature aerobic composting process begins3The overall PH value is controlled to be 7.3-8.5 so as to enhance the temperature rising effect of the compost; (2) adding dominant bacterial white rot fungus with the mass of 5 percent of the total weight of the compost before the beginning of the secondary curing process to promote the degradation of substances such as lignocellulose and the like.
The improvement of the reaction process can effectively improve the reaction condition, improve the biodegradability of the wet garbage, reduce the oil content of the wet garbage, greatly improve the reaction rate and shorten the reaction process. So that the organic combination of the thermal hydrolysis and the high-temperature aerobic composting process is possible.
Has the advantages that:
(1) the invention provides a system and a method for treating wet garbage by enhanced thermal hydrolysis-high temperature aerobic fermentation, wherein an enhanced microwave treatment-thermokalite hydrolysis combined process is used as the pretreatment of the wet garbage. In order to overcome the defect that byproducts can be generated when thermal hydrolysis is carried out at the temperature of more than 200 ℃, the invention adds a microwave treatment process to carry out pretreatment on wet garbage before thermal alkali hydrolysis. Under the double-layer action of an alkaline catalyst and a microwave field, secondary bonds such as hydrogen bonds and the like of high-order structures of macromolecules in biological macromolecules in wet garbage are broken, inactivation and denaturation are carried out to promote continuous subsequent thermal hydrolysis, and after hydrothermal treatment is added, the biomass is enabled to generate pores due to the dissolution of hemicellulose, and microorganisms and related enzymes can enter the biomass, so that the degradation of the biomass is promoted. For three-phase separation, the high temperature of thermal hydrolysis improves the fluidity of the mixture, and meanwhile, the three-phase separation also improves the biodegradability of wet garbage components, reduces the content of grease and water in the wet garbage, improves the harmless level of the wet garbage, eliminates pathogenic bacteria and microorganisms in the wet garbage, stabilizes the form of heavy metals, and promotes the dissolution and hydrolysis of organic components.
(2) The invention selects the high-temperature aerobic fermentation equipment as the horizontal fermentation roller, and has the advantages of high production efficiency, uniform temperature in the roller, low energy consumption and the like. Compounding the raw materials before high-temperature aerobic fermentation by adding NaHCO as an external auxiliary material3To enhance the temperature rising effect of the compost. Meanwhile, a certain amount of sodium hydroxide solution and hydrogen peroxide solution are added to dissolve lignin and cellulose, so that the structure of lignocellulose is damaged, the accessibility of cellulase to cellulose is increased, and the enzymolysis efficiency is improved. Meanwhile, dominant bacterial strain white rot fungi is added before secondary curing to promote the degradation process of the refractory components such as cellulose in the curing stage.
(3) The process provided by the invention optimizes and improves the pretreatment process of the wet garbage, so that partial components of the wet garbage are recycled to the maximum extent. In addition, the process of thermal hydrolysis and high-temperature aerobic composting is also improved, the speed of the reaction process is greatly increased, and the process is a resource efficient process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow diagram of a post-treatment process of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a thermal hydrolysis-thermophilic aerobic fermentation system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1 to 3, the wet waste enhanced thermal hydrolysis-high temperature aerobic fermentation treatment system of the present embodiment includes a pretreatment system, a thermal hydrolysis system, a high temperature aerobic fermentation system, a secondary aging system, and a post-treatment system.
The pretreatment system comprises the processes of crushing, homogenizing and size mixing, impurity removal, homogenizing and adjusting and the like. The front and the back of the impact crusher are respectively connected with a garbage temporary storage room and a homogeneous slurry mixing pool through a feeding pipe and a discharging pipe, and the garbage temporary storage room and the homogeneous slurry mixing pool are used for crushing materials to 50 mm. The homogeneous size mixing tank is connected with an impact crusher and a rotary grid respectively, and is also provided with a vertical stirrer for stirring reaction materials, controlling the water content and controlling the rotating speed at 50-80 r/min. The impurity removing system mainly comprises a rotary type grating and a desander, and the desander is connected with a subsequent homogenizing regulator. The homogenizing regulator comprises a water inlet pipe, a feeding machine, a homogenizing regulating tank and a paddle type stirrer, the water content is regulated to 60% -70% again, meanwhile, 30% of hydrogen peroxide solution is added, the adding amount accounts for 5% -10% of the total weight of the materials, sodium hydroxide solid is added, and the adding weight accounts for 15% -20% of the total weight of the materials.
The pretreatment system comprises a temporary garbage storage room, a crusher, a homogeneous slurry mixing tank, a rotary type grating, a desander and a homogeneous regulator, and the pretreatment system specifically comprises the following components: the garbage temporary storage room is used for storing wet garbage which is subjected to sorting treatment, the garbage temporary storage room comprises a draining device, a drain pipe is arranged at the bottom of the draining device and is connected with a water purifying device, and draining liquid after purification treatment is continuously recycled. The top of the temporary garbage storage room is provided with a spraying device for spraying a chemical deodorization and fly repellent to remove the odor caused by wet garbage. The impact crusher is selected by the crusher, and the materials enter the impact crusher through the belt conveyor and are used for crushing large wet garbage until the particle size is below 50mm, so that the efficiency of subsequent reaction is improved conveniently. The homogeneous size mixing tank comprises a belt conveyor and a vertical stirrer and is used for adjusting the water content of the wet garbage to 50-60% so as to prepare for subsequent thermal hydrolysis and high-temperature aerobic fermentation. The vertical stirrer is used for stirring to ensure that the wet garbage is fully mixed with the introduced water. The rotary type grating and the desander comprise a slurry conveying belt, a rotary type grating and a desander, the rotary type grating is used for removing light floating impurities (broken step pieces, plastic pieces and the like) in slurry, and the desander periodically discharges sand in a system so as to protect the service life of a subsequent device and improve the efficiency of the reaction process of subsequent pyrohydrolysis. The material obtained after the last step of treatment is conveyed to a rotary grid by a slurry conveyer belt. The homogenizing regulator comprises a water inlet pipe, a feeding machine, a homogenizing regulating tank and a paddle type stirrer and is used for continuously regulating the water content of the materials to 80% -90%, and meanwhile, a part of catalyst, namely a mixture of sodium hydroxide solid and 30% of hydrogen peroxide solution is added into the materials to enable the PH to be 9-11 so as to accelerate the wall breaking efficiency of subsequent thermal hydrolysis. Firstly adding sodium hydroxide solid, and controlling the adding amount to be 15-20% of the total amount of the materials.
The thermal hydrolysis system consists of a microwave pretreatment system and a thermal alkali hydrolysis system. The microwave pretreatment system comprises a feeding pipe 1, a pyrohydrolysis container 2, a microwave reaction power supply 3, a microwave reaction cavity 4, a spiral stirring device 5, a temperature display 6, a pyrohydrolysis reaction tank 7, a gas collection device 8, a lifting box 9, a heat exchanger 10, a lifting pile 11, an oil phase collection device 12, a three-phase separation centrifuge 13 and a water purification device 14. The material enters the feeding pipe 1 through the conveyer and then enters the microwave reaction chamber 4. The whole microwave pretreatment and thermokalite hydrolysis process starts formally after the microwave pyrohydrolysis power supply 3 is controlled to be started, and the materials sequentially pass through the microwave reaction cavity 4, the pyrohydrolysis reaction tank 7, the heat exchanger 10, the three-phase separation centrifuge 13 and the water purification device 14 under the action of the conveyor to complete the whole pyrohydrolysis process. Wherein the switch of the microwave reaction cavity 4 is automatically controlled by the microwave pyrohydrolysis power supply 3 in a timing way. The thermal hydrolysis container 2 is made of stainless steel corrosion-resistant materials and has a heat preservation effect on the whole thermal hydrolysis reaction. And the thermal hydrolysis device and the microwave reaction device are integrally arranged in the thermal hydrolysis container 2 so as to be integrally insulated. The material enters the microwave reaction cavity 4 through the feeding pipe 1, and is fed into the pyrohydrolysis reaction tank 7 through the discharging pipe after the microwave reaction is finished to carry out the pyrohydrolysis reaction. The elevating box 9 is used for elevating the microwave reaction chamber 4 so that the material transfer rate can be maximized and the loss rate is reduced during the transportation.
The feed pipe 1 conveys the homogeneously conditioned material into the microwave reaction chamber 4. The microwave device is used for pretreating a subsequent thermal hydrolysis device, and can enable materials to achieve a good degradation effect under the condition of reducing the temperature of thermal-alkaline hydrolysis. The microwave reaction power supply 3 is used for controlling the start and stop of the microwave treatment reaction, after the microwave reaction power supply 3 is started and subjected to microwave treatment for 60s, the power supply is automatically closed, a timer in the microwave reaction cavity 4 starts a timing function, and the microwave reaction cavity is automatically opened after the materials are kept stand for 7 min. The power of the microwave treatment selected was 1.5 KW.
The thermal hydrolysis container 2 is made of stainless steel corrosion-resistant materials and has a heat preservation effect on the whole thermal hydrolysis reaction. The lifting box 9 is used for lifting the height of the microwave reaction cavity 4, the slope angle of the lifting box is 40-60 degrees, the materials are conveniently and completely transferred to the subsequent reaction, and the loss of the materials in the transferring process is reduced as much as possible.
The pyrohydrolysis reaction comprises a pyrohydrolysis reaction tank 7, a gas collecting device 8, a heat exchanger 10, a lifting pile 11, an oil phase collecting device 12, a three-phase separation centrifugal machine 13 and a water purifying device 14. Wherein, the thermal hydrolysis reaction tank 7 is made of stainless steel corrosion-resistant materials, is sequentially connected with a heat exchanger 10 and a three-phase separation centrifuge 13, is heated up by introducing steam into the thermal hydrolysis reaction tank, the overall temperature is controlled to be 150-180 ℃, the pressure is controlled to be 0.8-0.9Mpa, a spiral stirring device 5 is arranged in the thermal hydrolysis tank 7 to stir the slurry, and the pyrolysis slurry enters the three-phase separation centrifuge 13 after being cooled by the heat exchanger 10. The heat exchanger 10 is used for cooling the material after microwave treatment, and the obtained heat can be used for subsequent high-temperature fermentation treatment. The elevation piles 11 are used for the balanced support of the pyrohydrolysis reaction tank 7.
The high-temperature aerobic fermentation system is provided with a solid material conveyor 15, a water meter 16, a weight meter 17, a raw material compounding tank 18, an oxygen concentration sensor 19, a horizontal fermentation roller 20, a roller bracket 20-1, a ventilation opening 20-2, a heater 21, an oxygen feeder 22, a spiral material shoveling plate 23, a motor 24, a liquid collecting tank 25, a temperature sensor 26, a gas collecting device 27, a feeding machine 28, a water inlet pipe 29 and a discharge pipe 30.
The raw material compounding tank 18 and the horizontal fermentation drum 20 used by the high-temperature aerobic composting system are both made of stainless steel corrosion-resistant materials. The side wall of the raw material compounding tank 18 is provided with a side wall pipe for connecting the solid material conveyor 15 and the conveying pipe to receive the materials from the previous process, and the side wall of the horizontal fermentation drum is provided with a material conveying pump for conveying the materials to the subsequent reaction device. The feeding machine 28 adds the catalyst and the strain required by the reaction according to the weight of the material shown on the weight 17, and the alkalescent environment is not only beneficial to the temperature rise of the stockpile and the temperature maintenance of the stockpile, but also can destroy the structure of the lignocellulose and improve the decomposition rate. The lower end of the raw material compounding tank 18 is provided with a water inlet pipe 29, and water delivery is performed at a control end according to the optimal water content required by the materials according to the weight of the materials displayed on the weight scale. The whole high-temperature aerobic composting process is orderly carried out under the control of the motor 24. The discharge pipe 30 is used for feeding the reacted material to a device for subsequent reaction.
The feeding side wall of the horizontal fermentation drum 20 is provided with only one side wall pipe and a solid material conveyor for connecting the raw material compounding tank 18. The air vents 20-2 are uniformly arranged at the bottom of the horizontal fermentation roller 20 at intervals and equidistance, so that the ventilation control of the reaction can be conveniently carried out at regular time and quantity. The air vent 20-2 is connected to a fan. The heater 21 is arranged at the bottom of the horizontal fermentation drum and is used for heating the reaction, and the heat used is derived from the heat obtained by the heat exchanger 10. The temperature of the reaction is regulated according to the indication displayed on the temperature sensor 26. The oxygen supplier 22 finds the corresponding coordinates on the fitting curve according to the parameters displayed on the weight meter 17 to obtain the optimal oxygen demand required by the reaction, and supplies oxygen to the reaction at a certain speed. The spiral material shoveling plates 23 are arranged inside the horizontal fermentation drum 20 according to a certain rule, and play a role in stirring to enable the reaction to be fully carried out. The liquid collecting tank 25 and the gas collecting device 27 are used for collecting waste liquid and waste gas generated by the reaction.
The secondary curing system comprises a feeding machine and a strip-stack type compost. The strain required by the reaction can be added at any time through the feeding machine so as to promote the degradation of lignin and cellulose by the whole reaction.
The strip stack type composting system is connected with the high-temperature aerobic fermentation system and the post-treatment system, and the device is also provided with a vent so as to adjust the oxygen amount required by the reaction at any time.
The post-treatment system mainly comprises biological drying, screening, homogenizing, granulation molding, drying, screening and the like.
The biological drying system is respectively connected with the strip stack type composting system and the screening system. Used for adjusting the water content of the materials.
The front and the back of the screening system are respectively connected with the strip stack type composting system and the homogenizing system, and the side wall is also provided with an opening connected with the ball mill.
The homogenizing device is provided with a feeding machine, and conditioners such as straws, weeds and the like are added to the reaction at any time to adjust elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like in the materials. The granulating equipment is used for preparing the materials into particles with proper particle size; the drying is to further dry and dehydrate the particles, and the front part is connected with a granulation device and a screening device. The front end of the screening equipment is connected with a dryer, an opening is formed in the side wall of the screening equipment and connected with the ball mill, qualified products can be directly put in a warehouse, and unqualified products continue to enter the ball mill for grinding.
All devices not described in detail in the present embodiment are the prior art.
The embodiment also provides a wet garbage reinforced thermal hydrolysis-high temperature aerobic fermentation treatment method, which comprises pretreatment, thermal hydrolysis treatment, high temperature aerobic fermentation treatment, secondary curing treatment and post-treatment.
The pretreatment also comprises the treatment of crushing, homogenizing and size mixing, impurity removal and homogenizing and adjusting, and specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: and (3) conveying the wet garbage which is processed by the sorting system and is placed in the temporary garbage storage room to subsequent processing equipment for pretreatment by using a conveyor with a draining device, and treating the obtained drained water for subsequent use.
S2: the wet garbage is conveyed to an impact crusher under the action of a conveyor for crushing treatment, and the materials are crushed into substances with the particle size of below 50 mm.
S3: and (3) feeding the material treated in the step (S2) into a homogeneous mixing tank, adjusting the water content of the material by utilizing a weight meter and a water gauge on the outer wall of the homogeneous mixing tank and the leachate obtained by the step (S1) and controlling the water content to be 60-70%, wherein a vertical stirrer is used for stirring during adjustment, and the rotating speed is controlled to be 50-80 r/min.
S4: and (4) removing impurities, namely feeding the material treated in the step (S3) into a rotary type grating and a desander to remove light floating impurities in slurry and sand in a system, wherein the selected grating is a coarse grating with a grating strip gap of 50 mm.
S5: and (2) feeding the material treated by the S4 into a homogenizing regulator, continuously regulating the water content of the material by utilizing the weight of the homogenizing regulator, controlling the whole water content to be 80-90%, and simultaneously adding a mixture of sodium hydroxide solid and hydrogen peroxide solution as a catalyst to regulate the pH of the material to 9-11, wherein the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide solution is 30%, the dosage of the hydrogen peroxide solution accounts for 5-10% of the total weight of the material, and the dosage of the sodium hydroxide accounts for 15-20% of the total weight of the material.
The thermal hydrolysis treatment comprises the combined treatment of microwave and thermal alkali hydrolysis, and specifically comprises the following steps:
s6: and (3) feeding the material treated by the S5 into a microwave reaction cavity, treating the wet garbage for 60S by using microwaves after a microwave reaction power supply is turned on, turning off the power supply of the microwave reactor, and standing the material for 7 minutes. The power of the microwave treatment selected was 1.5 KW.
S7: and (3) introducing the material treated by the S6 into a thermal hydrolysis reaction tank for continuous subsequent reaction, treating the material by adopting a thermal alkali hydrolysis mode, controlling the temperature to be 150-180 ℃ by utilizing a temperature display outside the wall of the reaction tank, controlling the pressure to be 0.8-0.9Mpa, controlling the heating time to be 40min, and directly introducing the obtained gas into a gas collection device.
S8: and (4) introducing the material treated by the S7 into a heat exchanger, continuously introducing the obtained heat into a subsequent high-temperature aerobic composting device, and carrying out subsequent reaction on the obtained cooled material.
S9: and (3) introducing the material treated by the S8 into a three-phase separation centrifugal machine, wherein the rotating speed r is 2250/min (namely the separation factor is 1400), so as to obtain an oil phase, a water phase and a slag phase, introducing the water phase into a purification device, so that the oil content in the water phase is not more than 0.3%, and then continuing the subsequent reaction together with the slag phase. Collecting and recycling the obtained oil phase.
The high-temperature aerobic fermentation treatment comprises the steps of raw material compounding and high-temperature aerobic composting, and specifically comprises the following steps:
s10: introducing the material treated by the S9 into a raw material compounding device, adjusting the pH, the water content and the like, and adding NaOH with the mass of 6% of the total weight of the material and H with the mass of 1% of the total weight of the material2O2So as to accelerate the degradation of lignin, cellulose and other substances. The concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution used was 3% and the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide used was 10%. Adding proper amount of alkalescent bufferAgent NaHCO3The overall pH is controlled to be 7.3-8.5 so as to enhance the temperature rising effect of the compost. Adding 2-5% of cellulase, controlling the water content to be 55-60%, adding 20% of conditioning agent such as straw and weeds, and 10% of expanding agent such as wood dust, wherein the content of added strains is 0.5-1% of the total weight of the materials, and the ratio of the strains is as follows: thermophilic bacteria, mesophilic bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi are 4: 3: 2: 1, wherein the thermophilic bacteria mainly comprise bacillus subtilis, bacillus circulans, bacillus licheniformis and the like, the mesophilic bacteria mainly comprise pseudomonas, bacillus and the like, the actinomycetes mainly comprise monospore bacteria, nocardia and the like, and the fungi comprise geotrichum, aspergillus fumigatus and the like.
S11: and (4) introducing the material treated by the S10 into a horizontal fermentation drum for high-temperature aerobic composting. The roller used in the embodiment is made of double-layer stainless steel materials, the outer diameter is about 1.2m-1.3m, the inner diameter is about 1m-1.1m, and a polyurethane heat-insulating layer with the thickness of 20mm is added between the inner layer and the outer layer so as to enhance the heat-insulating effect of the stack body and the length is about 6 m. The fermentation speed is controlled between 0.2r/min and 0.5r/min by a motor of 1.5kw, so that the material and the roller apparatus rotate together. The inside screw-tupe material shoveling plate that sets up of cylinder, the shoveling plate height is 1/10 of barrel internal diameter about, and used material still is stainless steel plate, is 45 jiaos with the barrel axis and installs at the barrel inner wall, and two circles are arranged to the axial, and the shoveling plate can stir so that the reaction can fully go on at the rotation in-process material, increases the contact of material and oxygen. The whole temperature is controlled to be above 70 ℃. The oxygen demand required by the reaction is adjusted according to the optimal oxygen demand displayed by the oxygen concentration sensor, an oxygen feeder is used for supplying oxygen to the reaction, and the oxygen feeding rate is controlled as follows: 0.2m3/min-0.5m3And aeration is carried out for 60s every 10min at a time interval. The maximum amount of material contained in the cylinder is 70 t. The used feeding mode is intermittent feeding, the feeding is controlled to be carried out once every two days, the feeding time lasts for 6 hours each time, the discharging time frequency is kept consistent with the feeding to ensure that the composting reaction is fully carried out, and the rotating speed of the roller is properly increased in the feeding and discharging process and is controlled to be 0.8r/min-0.9r/min to reduce the loss of materials in the transferring process. The selected ventilation mode is forced ventilation, and a ventilation hole is arranged at the bottom of the fermentation drum from the beginning end, so that fresh air enters the fermentation drumThe parameters are the same as the oxygen supply parameters, but are staggered with the oxygen supply. The time should be controlled at 12-14d in this stage. Percolate generated in the process is collected into a liquid collecting tank through a liquid collecting groove at the bottom of the bin, and generated gas is collected and discharged through a specific gas collecting device.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a pyrohydrolysis-thermophilic aerobic fermentation system, wherein the pyrohydrolysis system is composed of a microwave pretreatment system and a thermokalite hydrolysis system, and mainly comprises a feeding pipe 1, a pyrohydrolysis container 2, a microwave reaction power supply 3, a microwave reaction chamber 4, a spiral stirring device 5, a temperature display 6, a pyrohydrolysis reaction tank 7, a gas collection device 8, a lifting tank 9, a heat exchanger 10, a lifting pile 11, an oil phase collection device 12, a three-phase separation centrifuge 13 and a water purification device 14.
The outer side wall of the microwave reaction cavity 4 is provided with a microwave reaction power supply 3, the bottom of the microwave reaction cavity is supported by a lifting box 9, and a microwave processor with the power of 1.5KW is used for carrying out microwave treatment on the materials for about 60 s. There is temperature display 6 on the lateral wall of pyrohydrolysis retort 7, and the top is connected with gas collection device 8, and the bottom is supported by raising stake 11, is equipped with spiral agitating unit 5 wherein and stirs the material. The temperature is controlled to be 150-180 ℃ by utilizing a temperature display 6 outside the wall of the reaction tank, the pressure is controlled to be 0.8-0.9Mpa, the heating time is controlled to be 40min, and the front and the back of a heat exchanger 10 are respectively connected with a thermal hydrolysis reaction tank 7 and a three-phase separation centrifuge 13. The top of the three-phase separation centrifuge 13 is connected with an oil phase collecting device 12, the bottom of the three-phase separation centrifuge is provided with a discharge pipe which is connected with a solid material conveyor 15 to transmit solid materials, the obtained water phase enters a water purification device 14 through a discharge pipe, the rotating speed r is 2250/min (namely the separation factor is 1400), namely, the three phases of the oil phase, the water phase and the slag phase are obtained, and the water phase is introduced into the purification device, so that the oil content in the water phase is not more than 0.3%.
The high-temperature aerobic fermentation system is provided with a raw material compounding system and a high-temperature aerobic composting system, and consists of a solid material conveyor 15, a water gauge 16, a weight meter 17, a raw material compounding tank 18, an oxygen concentration sensor 19, a horizontal fermentation drum 20, a drum support 20-1, a ventilation opening 20-2, a heater 21, an oxygen feeder 22, a spiral material shoveling plate 23, a motor 24, a liquid collecting tank 25, a temperature sensor 26, a gas collecting device 27, a feeding machine 28, and a water inletPipe 29 and discharge pipe 30. The side wall of the raw material compounding tank 18 is provided with a feeding machine 28 for supplementing expanding agent and the like required by the materials at any time, and the bottom of the raw material compounding tank is connected with a water inlet pipe 29 for adjusting the water content of the materials. NaOH with the mass of 6 percent of the total material weight and H with the mass of 1 percent of the total material weight are added2O2So as to accelerate the degradation of lignin, cellulose and other substances. The concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution used was 3% and the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide used was 10%. Adding a proper amount of alkalescent buffer NaHCO3The overall pH is controlled to be 7.3-8.5 so as to enhance the temperature rising effect of the compost. Adding 2-5% of cellulase, controlling the water content to be 55-60%, adding 20% of conditioning agent such as straw and weeds, and 10% of expanding agent such as wood dust, wherein the content of added strains is 0.5-1% of the total weight of the materials, and the ratio of the strains is as follows: thermophilic bacteria, mesophilic bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi are 4: 3: 2: 1, wherein the thermophilic bacteria mainly comprise bacillus subtilis, bacillus circulans, bacillus licheniformis and the like, the mesophilic bacteria mainly comprise pseudomonas, bacillus and the like, the actinomycetes mainly comprise monospore bacteria, nocardia and the like, and the fungi comprise geotrichum, aspergillus fumigatus and the like.
The side wall of the horizontal fermentation drum 20 is provided with an oxygen concentration sensor 19, a temperature sensor 26, a ventilation opening 20-2, a motor 24, a drum support 20-1 at the bottom, a heater 21 at the bottom inside, a spiral material shoveling plate 23 inside, wherein the used heat is derived from the heat generated by a heat exchanger. The top of the horizontal fermentation drum 20 is provided with a gas collecting device 27 for collecting gas, and the top is connected with an oxygen feeder 22 for supplementing oxygen required by the reaction at any time. The roller is made of double-layer stainless steel materials, the outer diameter is about 1.2m-1.3m, the inner diameter is about 1m-1.1m, a polyurethane heat-insulating layer with the thickness of 20mm is added between the inner layer and the outer layer so as to enhance the heat-insulating effect of the pile body, and the length of the roller is about 6 m. Controlling the fermentation speed between 0.2r/min and 0.5r/min by using a motor of 1.5kw to rotate the material and the roller instrument. The inside screw-tupe material shoveling plate that sets up of cylinder, the shoveling plate height is 1/10 of barrel internal diameter about, and used material still is stainless steel plate, is 45 jiaos with the barrel axis and installs at the barrel inner wall, and two circles are arranged to the axial, and the shoveling plate can stir so that the reaction can fully go on at the rotation in-process material, increases the contact of material and oxygen.The whole temperature is controlled to be above 70 ℃. The oxygen demand required by the reaction is adjusted according to the optimal oxygen demand displayed by the oxygen concentration sensor, an oxygen feeder is used for supplying oxygen to the reaction, and the oxygen feeding rate is controlled as follows: 0.2m3/min-0.5m3And aeration is carried out for 60s every 10min at a time interval. The maximum amount of material contained in the cylinder is 70 t. The used feeding mode is intermittent feeding, the feeding is controlled to be carried out once every two days, the feeding time lasts for 6 hours each time, the discharging time frequency is kept consistent with the feeding to ensure that the composting reaction is fully carried out, and the rotating speed of the roller is properly increased in the feeding and discharging process and is controlled to be 0.8r/min-0.9r/min to reduce the loss of materials in the transferring process. The selected ventilation mode is forced ventilation, a ventilation hole is arranged at the bottom of the fermentation drum from the beginning, fresh air enters the fermentation drum from the ventilation hole, and the selected parameters are the same as oxygen supply parameters but are carried out in a staggered way with oxygen supply. The time should be controlled at 12-14d in this stage. Percolate generated in the process is collected into a liquid collecting tank through a liquid collecting groove at the bottom of the bin, and generated gas is collected and discharged through a specific gas collecting device.
The secondary curing treatment comprises the treatment of strip-stack compost, which comprises the following specific steps:
s12: and (3) introducing the material treated by the S11 into a secondary curing device for continuous reaction, wherein the secondary curing adopts closed strip-stack compost, and dominant bacteria white rot fungi are added into the material before the secondary curing, and the adding amount is 5% of the total weight of the compost. Controlling the time to be 10-15d, ventilating once every five days, and setting the ventilation time and other related parameters to be the same as S10, so that the temperature of the reactor is reduced to about 55-60 ℃.
The post-treatment comprises the treatment of biological drying, screening, homogenizing, granulation molding, drying and dehydration and screening, and specifically comprises the following steps:
s13: and (5) introducing the material treated by the S12 into a biological drying bin for biological drying. And (3) adopting a forced ventilation mode to control the ventilation rate: 0.5m3/min-0.7m3And aeration is carried out for 60s every 10min at a time interval. The biological drying is carried out by utilizing the waste heat of the material and the oxygen introduced into the drying bin, the biological drying time is controlled to be about 1d, the temperature is maintained to be about 50 ℃, and the water content of the treated material is about 20 percent.
S14: the material processed in S13 is sent to a subsequent screening device. The oversize material is large particle material and can be recycled, the screened material can be ground by a ball mill and sent into a homogenizing device, and the screened material is sent into the homogenizing device.
S15: the material treated by the S14 is sent to a homogenizing workshop for subsequent reaction. In the workshop, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements in the materials are monitored, the proportion of N to P is (3-4.5) to 1, and proper amount of straws, weeds, wood chips and the like can be added for regulation, so that the content of each component is ensured to reach the fertilizer production standard.
S16: and (4) feeding the material treated by the S15 into a granulating device to prepare granules with the particle size of 3-5 mm.
S17: and (4) feeding the material processed by the S16 into a direct fuel oil hot-blast stove to continuously dry and dehydrate, and controlling the water content of the material to be below 10%.
S18: and (4) continuously screening the material treated by the S17, and continuously feeding the obtained unqualified product (the particle size is not within the range of 3-5 mm) back to the ball mill for circular treatment until the qualified product is qualified, wherein the qualified product is the obtained organic fertilizer.
Example 2:
this example used the system and method of example 1 for wet waste treatment as an experimental group and set the control group: on the basis of example 1, the dominant species white rot fungus was not added prior to the post-treatment.
After the experiment, the indexes of the two groups of fertilizers were measured, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
Item Experimental group Control group
Content of organic substances 50％ 45％
C/N 17∶1 16∶1
Moisture content 23-25 26-28
pH value 6.5-8.0 6.0-8.0
Total arsenic (As) (mg/kg, dry basis) 1.5 2.0
Total cadmium (Cd) (mg/kg, dry basis) 0.2 1.0
Total lead (Pb) (mg/kg, dry basis) 16 17
Under the technical parameters of the invention, the prepared fertilizer has better indexes than the indexes in the standard of bioorganic fertilizer (NY 884-2012).
Example 3:
the system and method of example 1 was used to treat wet waste as an experimental group and a control group was set: on the basis of the example 1, the thermal hydrolysis process was adjusted, the microwave pretreatment process was omitted and the temperature of the thermal alkaline hydrolysis was controlled above 200 ℃.
The results of the measurements of the indexes of the gases obtained from the two treatments are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2
Figure BDA0002794807130000141
Figure BDA0002794807130000151
From the above, under the same dosage, the thermal hydrolysis mode used by the experimental group is more environment-friendly, and the deodorization effect is better.
The concentrations of hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, methyl mercaptan, methyl sulfide and odor discharged from the exhaust port of the organic garbage fast decomposition and fertilization system accord with new extension and reconstruction secondary standard requirements and plant standard values in the plant standard of malodorous pollutants specified in the discharge Standard of malodorous pollutants (GB 14554-93), and are obviously lower than the concentrations of various malodorous substances in the odor discharged by similar technical systems.

Claims (10)

1. A wet garbage intensified thermal hydrolysis-high temperature aerobic fermentation treatment system is characterized in that: comprises a pretreatment system, a pyrohydrolysis system, a high-temperature aerobic fermentation system, a secondary curing system and a post-treatment system;
the pretreatment system comprises a temporary garbage storage room, a crusher, a homogeneous slurry mixing tank for adjusting the water content of wet garbage, a rotary type grating for removing light floating impurities in slurry, a sand remover and a homogeneous regulator for adjusting the water content of the wet garbage, and the pretreatment system and the rotary type grating are sequentially connected through a conveying belt;
the thermal hydrolysis system comprises a microwave reactor, a thermal hydrolysis reaction tank, a heat exchanger, a three-phase separation centrifuge and a water purifier, wherein a feed inlet of the microwave reactor is communicated with a discharge outlet of the homogenizing regulator, a discharge outlet of the microwave reactor is communicated with a feed inlet of the thermal hydrolysis reaction tank, a discharge outlet of the thermal hydrolysis reaction tank is communicated with an inlet of the heat exchanger, and an outlet of the heat exchanger is communicated with a discharge outlet of the three-phase separation centrifuge; a stirring device is arranged in the pyrohydrolysis reaction tank, and a gas collecting port of the pyrohydrolysis reaction tank is connected with a gas collecting device; the three-phase separation centrifuge is respectively provided with a water phase discharge port, a slag phase discharge port and an oil phase discharge port, and the water phase discharge port is communicated with the water purifier;
the high-temperature aerobic fermentation system comprises a raw material compounding device and a fermentation device, wherein the raw material compounding device is provided with a feed inlet, a discharge outlet, a water inlet and a feeding machine for adding a catalyst and a strain, the feed inlet is communicated with a slag phase discharge outlet of a three-phase separation centrifugal machine and an outlet of a water purifier, and the discharge outlet is communicated with a feed inlet of a horizontal fermentation roller; the fermentation device is provided with a feed inlet, a discharge outlet, a vent, a heater, an oxygen inlet, a waste liquid discharge port and a waste gas discharge port, the waste liquid discharge port is connected with the liquid collecting tank, the waste gas discharge port is connected with the gas collecting device, and the oxygen inlet is connected with the oxygen supplier;
the secondary curing system comprises a closed curing device, the curing device is provided with a feeding pipe, a discharging port and a vent, the feeding pipe is connected with the discharging port of the fermentation device and a feeding machine for supplementing strains, and the discharging port is connected with the post-treatment system.
2. The wet waste enhanced thermal hydrolysis-high temperature aerobic fermentation treatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the thermal hydrolysis system also comprises a thermal hydrolysis container, and the microwave reactor and the thermal hydrolysis reaction tank are arranged in the thermal hydrolysis container; the bottom of the microwave reactor is provided with a lifting device, so that one side of the microwave reaction cavity is lifted, and the lifting slope angle is 40-60 degrees.
3. The wet waste enhanced thermal hydrolysis-high temperature aerobic fermentation treatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the fermentation device is a horizontal fermentation roller, a spiral material shoveling plate is arranged in the roller, and the ventilation openings are uniformly arranged at the bottom of the fermentation roller at equal intervals.
4. A wet garbage intensified thermal hydrolysis-high temperature aerobic fermentation treatment method is characterized in that: comprises pretreatment, pyrohydrolysis treatment, high-temperature aerobic fermentation treatment, secondary curing treatment and post-treatment,
the pretreatment comprises the following steps: carrying out crushing treatment on the wet garbage subjected to draining and sorting to obtain a material with the particle size of less than 50mm, and then carrying out homogenizing and size mixing treatment to adjust the water content of the material to 60-70 vol%; then, carrying out impurity removal treatment and homogenization adjustment treatment to obtain a material with the water content of 80-90 vol% and the pH value of 9-11;
the thermal hydrolysis treatment comprises: carrying out microwave treatment and thermokalite hydrolysis treatment on the pretreated material, carrying out three-phase separation treatment on the material obtained by thermokalite hydrolysis treatment after temperature reduction treatment to obtain an oil phase, a water phase and a slag phase material, purifying the water phase material to ensure that the oil content of the water phase is less than or equal to 0.3 vol%, carrying out subsequent reaction on the purified water phase and the slag phase, and collecting and recycling the oil phase;
the high-temperature aerobic fermentation treatment comprises the following steps: compounding the slag phase and the treated water, and adding an additive to obtain a compounded material with a pH value of 7.3-8.5 and a water content of 55-60%; adding the compound materials into a fermentation drum for high-temperature aerobic composting treatment, stirring and mixing the materials in the treatment process, wherein the reaction temperature is higher than 70 ℃, and collecting leachate and gas generated by treatment;
the secondary curing treatment comprises the step of carrying out closed strip-stack composting treatment on the material subjected to high-temperature aerobic fermentation treatment, and the post-treatment comprises the steps of biological drying, screening, homogenizing, granulation molding, drying, dehydration and screening to obtain the organic fertilizer.
5. The wet waste enhanced thermal hydrolysis-high temperature aerobic fermentation treatment method according to claim 4, characterized in that: in the thermal hydrolysis treatment, the microwave treatment time is 60-120s, the power is 1-2 KW, and the temperature of the heated materials is 100-150 ℃; and standing the materials for 5-15 minutes after the microwave treatment is finished, and then performing subsequent treatment.
6. The wet waste enhanced thermal hydrolysis-high temperature aerobic fermentation treatment method according to claim 4, characterized in that: in the thermal hydrolysis treatment, the temperature of the thermal alkali hydrolysis treatment is 150-180 ℃, and the pressure is 0.8-0.9 Mpa.
7. The wet waste enhanced thermal hydrolysis-high temperature aerobic fermentation treatment method according to claim 4, characterized in that: in the compounding treatment of the raw materials, the additives comprise a sodium hydroxide solution, a hydrogen peroxide solution, cellulase, a conditioner, an expanding agent and a strain; the adding amount of the sodium hydroxide solution is 3-8%, the adding amount of the hydrogen peroxide solution is 1-2%, the adding amount of the cellulase is 2-5%, the adding amount of the conditioner is 15-25%, and the adding amount of the expanding agent is 5-15% and the adding amount of the strain is 0.5-1% based on 100% of the total material weight; wherein the mass percentage concentration of the hydrogen peroxide solution is 10-15%, and the mass percentage concentration of the hydrogen peroxide solution is 10-15%; the strain comprises thermophilic bacteria, mesophilic bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi, and the mass ratio of the thermophilic bacteria to the mesophilic bacteria to the actinomycetes to the fungi is 3-5: 2-4: 1-2: 1.
8. The wet waste enhanced thermal hydrolysis-high temperature aerobic fermentation treatment method according to claim 4, characterized in that: in the secondary curing treatment, white rot fungi are added into the materials before the secondary curing, and the added amount of the white rot fungi is 3-7 wt% of the total weight of the compost; the treatment time is 10-15 days, and ventilation is carried out to reduce the temperature of the reactor to 50-60 ℃.
9. The wet waste enhanced thermal hydrolysis-high temperature aerobic fermentation treatment method according to claim 4, characterized in that: the post-treatment comprises the following steps:
(1) carrying out biological drying treatment on the material after the secondary curing treatment,
the biological drying is carried out by utilizing the waste heat of the material and oxygen introduced into the drying bin, the biological drying time is controlled to be 1-3 days, the drying temperature is 40-55 ℃, and the water content of the treated material is 18-22 vol%.
(2) Screening the dried material to obtain oversize products, undersize products and screened products, wherein the oversize products are large granular substances and are recycled, and the screened products are ground;
(3) feeding the ground screened material and undersize material in the step (2) into a homogenizing workshop, and adding a regulator to enable each component of the material to meet the fertilizer preparation requirement;
(4) and (4) granulating, forming, drying and screening the material treated in the step (3) to obtain the organic fertilizer.
10. The wet waste enhanced thermal hydrolysis-high temperature aerobic fermentation treatment method according to claim 9, characterized in that:
in the step (3), the mass ratio of the nitrogen element to the phosphorus element is 3-4.5: 1;
in the step (4), the particle size of the granulated and molded material is 3-5mm, and the moisture content of the material is enabled to be below 10% by drying.
CN202011333377.0A 2020-11-24 2020-11-24 Wet garbage reinforced thermal hydrolysis-high temperature aerobic fermentation treatment system and method Pending CN112430135A (en)

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