CN1268305A - Preparation method of eichhornia crassipes feed - Google Patents

Abstract

A prepn. method of water hyacinth feedstuff is disclosed. Firstly, the water hyacinth is pretreated, then fermentation agent is prepard, water hyacinth and rape seed cake and soybean cake are put in a mixer, fermentation agent liquid is added while stirring , then they are put in a fermentation tank sealed with film for anaerobic fermentation under normal temp., the feed is compounded by proportionally mixing water hyacinth, soybean cake powder and bermeatation agent, and they are fermented for 3-5 days, then rice bran, wheat bran, enzyme are uniformy mixed in mixer, and finally fermented water hyacinth and corn flour are proportionally mixed to obtain the feed. Its advantages include easy to prepare, abundant raw material, low cost, etc.

Description

A kind of compounding method of Eichhornia crassipes feed

The present invention relates to the compounding method of a kind of Eichhornia crassipes fermentation back as the domestic animals and fowls feed.

In recent years, China's animal husbandry has obtained very big development, and the forage yield of especially filling a prescription leaps to the second place of the world.For promoting the development of China's aquaculture, positive contribution has been made in the benign cycle that promotes agricultural economy.But all raw materials so just seriously exist the contradiction of " people fowl strives grain " based on grain, and Developing of Animal Industry has been subjected to severely restricts and challenge.In order to solve this contradiction, domestic many researchers have worked out and have utilized crops corn stalk, straw, soybean bar, peanut vine etc. to change into by one or more microbial fermentations to contain nutritious protein feed.Eichhornia crassipes (Eichhornia crassipes Solms) is a kind of water plant, it is being purified waste water, absorb elements such as nitrogen in the water, phosphorus, play a part very big, still, because the Eichhornia crassipes reproduction speed is rapid, often cause overgrowing easily, cover the water surface, the harm fish production, caused pollute the second time of water environment, thereby be considered to a kind of green public hazards again.Have many lakes to cause severe contamination because of the Eichhornia crassipes overgrowing both at home and abroad, in order to alleviate the pollution of Eichhornia crassipes, employing artificial or mechanical salvaging in many areas stacked, and caused so again and stacked the difficult pollution of land that causes.Although directly utilize bright Eichhornia crassipes to feed pigs after having minority to salvage, but it is unfavorable to assimilating of pig like this, utilize various forage fermentation such as crops corn stalk, straw, straw, peanut vine back as the document and the patent of feed some reports to be arranged at home, these all are to ferment with the raw material drying pulverizing or after pounding into little broken section again.Yet there are no a report at home and abroad as feed after utilizing bright Eichhornia crassipes by microbial fermentation.

The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of compounding method of Eichhornia crassipes feed, easy to implement the method, technology is easy, has solved the difficult problem of bright Eichhornia crassipes fermentation.

In order to reach above-mentioned task, the present invention adopts following technical measures, and its processing step is:

1, Eichhornia crassipes preliminary treatment:

The Eichhornia crassipes that salvages is layered on the airing net bed, after draining and airing are spent the night, is cut into the particle of long 2-4cm with hay cutter, the airing on the airing equipment of indoor or outdoors of being dried in the air in its shop again, dewater in advance to water content about 65-70%; If meet the cloudy day or overcast and rainy, then particle is fed in the press filtering machine (awl dish press filtering machine or screw press filter) press dewatering to water content about 65-70%, then with the roughage puy it is rubbed brokenly, promptly get the Eichhornia crassipes material for solid fermentation, its quality sees table.

Eichhornia crassipes materials quality index

The index of quality	Content (%)	Average content (%)
			Crude protein	???20-25	????24
Crude fat	???1.59-3.6	????2.16
			Crude fibre	???13-18	????14
Ash content	???17-20	????18
			Phosphorus (in P)	???0.31-0.85	????0.66
Potassium (in K)	???2.58-4.90	????4.83

2, leavening:

Constitute by two kinds of mixed cultures that contain multiple microorganism.Wherein a kind of is pulvis, be after utilizing multiple beneficial microorganism (mainly being a cellulolytic quasi-microorganism) mixed culture to produce first order seed, carry out solid again and enlarge to cultivate a kind of mixed bacterium leavening agent of producing, make an addition in the fermentation materials with the amount of 10kg powdery leavening by every production 1t mixed feed during use and ferment.Another kind is EM, is the multiple effective microbe microbial inoculum of liquid, buys from market, makes an addition in the fermentation materials with the amount of 1000ml by every production 1t mixed feed during use and ferments.

3, adopt brown sugar or molasses 1% and soya-bean cake (dregs of rice), detoxification cotton cake (dregs of rice) or coleseed cake (dregs of rice), wheat bran, rice bran etc.

4, fermentation:

(1) take by weighing the powdery leavening of aequum and contain in a Plastic Drum (basin) and to add an amount of not chloride running water, the limit adds the waterside to be stirred and mixes, and places use after 15-20 minute.

(2) measure the liquid starter of EM and pouring in the Plastic Drum (box), add the running water that does not contain chlorine residue in right amount, mixing adds the brown sugar or the molasses of aequum again, uses behind the mixing.

(3) take by weighing Eichhornia crassipes material and " other class " material by the prescription requirement, they are dropped in the feed mixer fully mix.

(4) utilize water sprinkler that leavening is spilt on the fermentation materials mixture, the limit is stirred the material limit and is spilt leavening liquid, guarantees that material and leavening mix.

(5) fermentation materials that mixes is sent into fermentation vat (acid-resistant cement fermentation vat), the compacting of material limit is put on the limit, treat that material has been put and compacting after cover to go up plastic sheeting immediately and seal anaerobic fermentation.Look the environment temperature situation, stack fermentation 3-5 days, when material gives out strong sour-sweet and pure fragrance, finish fermentation.

(6) with after the metering such as the corn flour in the compound feed prescription, animal protein feed, feeding calcium monohydrogen phosphate and enzyme system, in blender, fully mix with above-mentioned fermented feed, mixed feed.

Fig. 1 is a kind of compounding method block diagram of Eichhornia crassipes feed.

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is described in further detail:

According to Fig. 1 as can be known, the steps include:

1, Eichhornia crassipes pretreatment of raw material

(1) utilize purse seine, put net and draw in the net power ship and bank and receive the net machine, Eichhornia crassipes enclosed be dragged to the harbour of gathering, be sent to draining airing in moving of the whole strain airing field of Eichhornia crassipes or the airing net railway carriage or compartment with ribbon conveyer then.

(2) after whole strain draining airing is spent the night, Eichhornia crassipes is delivered on the ZCQ type rotor chaffcutter in chopping workshop, be cut into the particle of long 2-4cm with conveyer.

(3) particle is transferred to by conveyer in the material trough of floor-type airing field, by shop solarization amount (thickness) 65kg/m ²Requirement, material was tiled on the plain net of multilayer net belt type airing machine airing 1-2 days, or with mass transport to solar energy drying factory building drying.

(4), particle delivered to rub broken workshop and rub broken when dry materials during to water content 65-70%.Rub broken material and be fermentation Eichhornia crassipes raw material.

This airing operation can be satisfied the Eichhornia crassipes season of growth and fine with occasional cloudsly produce to the sunny weather condition.If it is cloudy or overcast and rainy that production period runs into, particularly run into continuously many days when overcast and rainy, then the airing place occurs not enough.Can normally carry out for guaranteeing overcast and rainy production, can with one or the Eichhornia crassipes particle that all has been cut into 2-4cm deliver to squeeze and filter dehydration workshop, last press filtering machine extrusion dehydration, the water content that makes dehydrated material be below 70%, and this material promptly can be used for fermentation through rubbing after broken.

2, system is joined leavening

Leavening is made of two kinds of mixed cultures that contain the multiple beneficial microorganism, and wherein a kind of is pulvis, and is a kind of for efficacious microbial colony (EM) is a kind of aqua, all can buy from market.

(1) take by weighing the leavening 0.3kg of powdery, starting under the stirring condition, the leavening input is filled in the leavening preparing tank of the running water that does not contain chlorine residue in right amount, mixing is placed use immediately after 15-20 minute.

(2) with suction pipe draw EM liquid fermentation liquid 30ml face with before, starting under the stirring condition, the liquid starter and the brown sugar 0.3kg of aequum dropped in the leavening preparing tank that fills the running water that does not contain chlorine residue in right amount, stand-by behind the mixing.Liquid starter and brown sugar or usage ratio be 1: 1.

(3) take by weighing Eichhornia crassipes (water content 65-70%) 100kg, dish cake 6kg, soya-bean cake 9kg.

3, fermentation Eichhornia crassipes

(1) with in Eichhornia crassipes material and dish cake and the soya-bean cake input feed mixer, starts blender, stir the material limit on the limit and be spilled into preprepared leavening liquid, fully mix, guarantee that material and leavening mix.

(2) fermentation materials that mixes is dropped in the fermentation vat, limit blowing limit compacting has been thrown and compacting material, with the plastic sheeting sealing, carries out anaerobic fermentation at normal temperatures then.According to the difference in season, fermented 3-5 days, when material gives out strong sour-sweet flavor and pure fragrance is promptly finished fermentation, obtain fermentation Eichhornia crassipes feed, can be used for producing mixed feed.

4, feed preparation

Fermentation Eichhornia crassipes-corn type cooperates formula for pig forage for example

Feedstuff	Prescription 1%	Prescription 2%	Prescription 3%
				The fermentation Eichhornia crassipes	????20	????30	????30
Corn flour	????48.7	????38.7	????38.7
				The soya-bean cake powder	????9	????9	????9
Dish cake powder	????6	????6	????6
				Rice bran	????13	????13	????13
Wheat bran	????2	????2	????2
				Enzyme preparation	????0.1	????0.1	????0.1
Probiotic	????0.1	????0.1
				Calcium monohydrogen phosphate	????1	????1	????1
Add up to	????99.9	????99.9	????99.8

(1) earlier with Eichhornia crassipes, soya-bean cake powder, dish cake powder and leavening mixing after fermentation 1-3 days;

(2) rice bran, wheat bran, enzyme preparation, calcium monohydrogen phosphate and other additives drop in the feed mixer, start stirring, fully mix.

(3) continuing under the stirring, will ferment Eichhornia crassipes and corn flour drop in the feed mixer equably, make with above-mentioned material fully to mix, and promptly get the mixed feed of required preparation.

The present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages and effect: easy to implement the method, and simple process, aboundresources. The pig of Eichhornia crassipes fermented feed fed increases to 0.6-0.7kg average every day, cost is low, and the Eichhornia crassipes fermented feed ratio of the feeding basal diet of feeding will be saved cost 1.92-2.60 unit/kg, and 40-63% reduces investment outlay, economic cost accounting please see the following form, and has environment, society and economic benefit.

The economic cost accounting table

Project	The table of comparisons	Test 2 groups	Test 3 groups	Test 4 groups
					Basal diet	Feed contains 20% fermentation Eichhornia crassipes and 0.1% probiotic	Feed contains 30% fermentation Eichhornia crassipes and 0.1% probiotic	Feed contains 30% fermentation Eichhornia crassipes
	Weightening finish (kg) in 60 days	44.4	40.8	44.9					39.5
Feed consumption (kg) altogether					170.0	123.5	123.5	123.5
	Feed cost (unit/kg)	1.75	1.58	1.49					1.46
Production cost (unit/kg)					6.70	4.78	4.10	4.56
	Contrast reduce investment outlay (%)		40.17	63.41					46.93

Claims (4)

1, a kind of compounding method of Eichhornia crassipes feed is characterized in that:

A, Eichhornia crassipes preliminary treatment;

B, system are joined leavening;

C, fermentation Eichhornia crassipes, in Eichhornia crassipes material and dish cake and soya-bean cake input blender, the limit is stirred the material limit and is spilled into leavening liquid, mix, the fermentation materials that mixes is dropped in the fermentation vat again, the material compacting is put on the limit, use diaphragm seal, anaerobic fermentation obtains fermentation Eichhornia crassipes feed at normal temperatures;

D, feed preparation, at first Eichhornia crassipes, soya-bean cake powder, dish cake powder were mixed after fermentation 3-5 days in proportion with leavening, next is to drop into rice bran, wheat bran, enzyme preparation, probiotic in the blender in proportion, mix, be to drop into fermentation Eichhornia crassipes and corn flour in the blender in proportion again, mix, obtain required mixed feed.

2, the compounding method of a kind of Eichhornia crassipes feed according to claim 1 is characterized in that the Eichhornia crassipes preliminary treatment, with the Eichhornia crassipes airing, is cut into particle, and dry water content 65-70% rubs particle broken again.

3, the compounding method of a kind of Eichhornia crassipes feed according to claim 1, it is characterized in that making and join leavening, take by weighing powdery leavening 0.3kg and add the running water that does not contain chlorine residue in right amount, the limit adds the waterside and stirs mixing, measuring the EM liquid starter pours in the Plastic Drum, add the running water that does not contain chlorine residue in right amount, mixing; Add brown sugar or molasses again, use behind the mixing.

4, a kind of Eichhornia crassipes feed compounding method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the feed preparation, fermentation Eichhornia crassipes 20-30%, corn flour 38.7-48.7%, bean powder 9%, dish cake 6%, rice bran 13%, wheat bran 2%, enzyme preparation 0.1%, probiotic 0.1%, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 1%.

Images