CN1233492C - Method for preparing copper base electrode powder deformation compound material - Google Patents
Method for preparing copper base electrode powder deformation compound material Download PDFInfo
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- CN1233492C CN1233492C CN 03132475 CN03132475A CN1233492C CN 1233492 C CN1233492 C CN 1233492C CN 03132475 CN03132475 CN 03132475 CN 03132475 A CN03132475 A CN 03132475A CN 1233492 C CN1233492 C CN 1233492C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a preparation method for complex material, particularly to a preparation method for copper base electrode powder deforming complex material. The preparation method comprises: adopting the elemental powder of Cu and Cr, or W and Cu as raw material; preparing the raw material into powder with a mechanical ball milling; preparing the powder into an unburnt earthenware through low-temperature pressing; processing the unburnt earthenware through vacuum solid-phase sintering; processing the earthenware through high-temperature hydrostatic extrusion during which the mixture of graphite and glass is taken as a lubricant, the volume ratio of graphite powder to glass powder is 8:1.5 to 2.5, the lubricant is prepared into a lubricating medium sheath, the size and the shape of the inner cavity of the lubricating medium sheath are the same to that of the sintered earthenware, the sintered earthenware is put into the lubricating medium sheath, the lubricating medium sheath and the sintered earthenware are pressed by press heads, the applied pressure increases from 0 to 1000 to 1200MPa, and then levels off to 500MPa, and total extrusion time ranges from 3 to 5 seconds. The present invention solves the problems that conventional sintering-infiltrating technologies have the deficiencies of low material densities, the poor combination of two phases, etc. and the deforming complex material is hard to be applied to engineering because of the requirement of large deformation during preparation.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of matrix material, be specifically related to the preparation method of W-Cu or Cu-Cr powder deformed composite material.
Background technology:
Along with the high speed development of each industrial sector of China, various novel electrical equipment constantly are developed, promote and use, and various EDM Technology are used also more prevalently, and these are all had higher requirement to electrical material.High performance electrode material (mainly being tungsten copper and copper chromium material) had both had good electric conductivity, have high strength and superior high-temperature behavior again, show good anti-ablation, anti-molten weldering, low characteristic such as dam, be used to make various contacts, electrode etc., be widely used in machinery, electronics, fields such as aerospace.At present, W-Cu or Cu-Cr material are considered to the new function material that the utmost point has development potentiality and application prospect, are subjected to the great attention of various countries gradually.But because tungsten and copper, copper and chromium are immiscible, and the powdered material that adopts traditional powder metallurgic method to obtain complete densification has very big difficulty on technology; The complete densification of material is the problem of fine solution of failing always.The incomplete densification of material will reduce its various performances greatly.Relative density is lower than 99.5% material generally can not be as the electrospark machining electrode.At present comparatively sophisticatedly moltenly ooze method and still there are many problems that are difficult to avoid in sintering process.Easily produce micropore, hole and oxide residue etc. as the molten method of oozing, can reduce the stability of material widely, and material composition is had very big restriction, the then not easy-to-use molten method of oozing was produced when copper content was high.Though sintering process can prepare the alloy material of any composition, and technology is simple; Cost is low, but still is difficult to guarantee the requirement of densification.Though it is high fine and close to adopt hot isostatic pressing technique to obtain, production efficiency is low, and the cost height is difficult to realize producing in enormous quantities.From present research, W-Cu and Cu-Cr deformed composite material are the most attractive complex methods.The metal/metal composite of deformation manufactured is to form in the plastic processing of flexible two phase materials (forge, squeeze, draw or roll).Two-phase is out of shape jointly, makes less important elongation mutually and become fibrous wild phase in the parent phase matrix.The matrix material that forms depends on the characteristic of original material to a great extent.And the alloy pig that original material is normally made with casting or powder metallurgic method.Complex intensifying can obviously not reduce the electroconductibility of copper matrix, will keep the good electrical conductivity and the thermal conductivity of copper, and second generally be the high-melting-point element mutually, can improve the room temperature and the high-temperature behavior of material.Thereby make this matrix material have great application potential in the field that requires high strength and high conductivity.But, in order to obtain the second tiny phase fibrous tissue, must be through excessive deformation.The true strain of this gross distortion is often between 5～10, even up to 19, the material of so final acquisition can only be filament or laminar material, makes the application of this material be subjected to very big restriction.Document records and adopts the Cu-Nb and the Cu-Fe powdered alloy of gas atomization to make blank recently, and this is more tiny than the particle that castmethod obtains.The composite material strength that obtains through identical deformation quantity makes the composite material strength height that blank obtains than the employing freezing method.But, adopt this method to have certain problem, in order to reduce to obtain dendrite size tiny in the powder particle, must adopt bigger speed of cooling, and bigger speed of cooling is degenerated the second phase dendrite, deteriorate to sphere by monotectic reaction, and sphere sizes is often greater than the dendrite size at this moment, solidification technology has limited the range of choice of wild phase simultaneously.Powder technology overcomes to the selection of wild phase almost without limits, and the composition of component and volume fraction are not limited substantially, can be with immiscible two kinds of metals or metallide or metal and the nonmetal composite powder of making, and this is that founding metallurgy is out of the question.What is more important by certain preparation technology, can be controlled in the initial recombination powder and form certain weave construction.Reduce follow-up deformation quantity,, adopt powder metallurgic method to obtain the high-performance deformed composite material tool is had an enormous advantage if can overcome the densification problem of powder.
Summary of the invention:
The invention provides the powder deformed combination electrode material preparation method of a kind of W-Cu or Cu-Cr, the density that it has solved the material that the conventional sintering infiltration technique exists is low, two problems such as difference that combine; It has also solved gross distortion demand in the preparation of present deformed composite material and has been difficult to the difficult problem used in engineering.The powder deformed combination electrode material preparation method of W-Cu of the present invention or Cu-Cr is: adopting Cu and Cr or W and Cu simple substance powder is raw material, and the first step is carried out mechanical ball milling powder process; Second goes on foot the base of colding pressing; The 3rd step was carried out the vacuum solid state sintering, and the sintering temperature of this process is 900 ℃～950 ℃, and the sintering time of Cu/Cr composite powder blank is 0.5～1.5 hour, and the sintering time of W/Cu composite powder blank is 4 hours; The 4th step was hot quiet liquid extruding, in this process at first with the sintered blank preheating, adopting graphite and glass mixture is lubricant, Graphite Powder 99 and glass powder volume ratio are 8: 1.5～2.5, during extruding lubricant is made lubricant medium and overlap 1, the inner chamber 2 of lubricant medium cover 1 is identical with the size shape of sintered blank, sintered blank 4 is put into lubricant medium cover 1, with 3 pairs of lubricant medium covers 1 of pressure head and sintered blank 4 pressurizations, institute's applied pressure increases to 1000～1200MPa by 0, stable then to 500MPa, total extrusion time is 3～5 seconds.In the above-mentioned the first step mechanical ball milling pulverizing process, particle size will be below 4 μ m.Go on foot in the base process of colding pressing second, pressure is 800～900MPa, and the relative density of blank is 75%～85%.With Cu and Cr simple substance powder is raw material, and its ratio is Cu:40～90Wt%; Cr:10～60Wt%.With W and Cu simple substance powder is raw material, and its ratio is W:50～80Wt%; Cu:20～50Wt%.The present invention is a kind of new method for preparing high-performance Wcu or CuCr matrix material, and it overcomes the shortcoming of existing conventional sintering infiltration technique, and promptly the density of material is low, two combine poor; It overcomes, and the gross distortion demand is difficult to the difficult problem that engineering is used in the present strand deformed composite material preparation.Propose the novel preparation method of high-performance WC u, CuCr matrix material, obtain good material heterogeneous microstructure, have good mechanical and electricity over-all properties.((20～50wt%) Cu simple substance powder carry out the high-energy ball milling of suitable degree to method of the present invention, and WCu or CuCr element powders are carried out large plastometric set, obtain the synusia shape CuCr or the WCu composite powder of constituent element refinement for 10～60wt%) Cr or w-in order to adopt Cu-.With tentatively densification of sintering in vacuum oven after the composite powder cold compaction behind the ball milling,, obtain WCu, the CuCr deformed composite material of high-performance DB then through quiet liquid extruding further deformation of viscous deformation of heat and densification.The high-energy ball milling process of powder is that a powder particle experiences rolling, cold welding repeatedly, the process that ruptures and reweld.In the mechanical ball milling process, when ball and ball or ball and the collision of bucket wall, catch the powder of some amount.Impact force makes powder be subjected to jumping-up and shearing strain.Effective crystal grain thinning tissue not only, and can obtain the flaky composite powder of layer.The size of each phase can reduce follow-up extrusion deformation degree, obtains the matrix material of fibrous deformation.Powder is through ball milling, can crystal grain thinning, and Bian Xing result is that the passivation layer of original surface is broken simultaneously, forms new surface.Surface atom has bigger activity, helps intergranular seam, and promoter action is played in the combination that W/Cu, Cu/Cr are alternate, the combination between strengthening phase.Obtaining suitable synusia thickness is the key of this mechanical milling process.Be related to the form of each phase and stablizing of the fine and close pattern of follow-up sintering.Composite powder behind the ball milling, obtains relative density and is about 95% through the vacuum solid state sintering through (relative density is about about 80%) after the cold compaction.For the form of taking into account phase distributes and microcosmic grain structure (keeping synusia pattern and good submicron grain size) and sintered density, suitable sintering temperature and sintering time are necessary.Under suitable temperature, carry out hot quiet liquid extruding then, the extrusion ratio of the quiet liquid extruding of heat is between 5～25, obtain DB, two-phase is banded distribution of converted top of deformation at material internal simultaneously, under less deflection condition, obtain the desired distortion complex tissue of deformed composite material, improve the mechanics electric property of material.Bar can change material electricity mechanics Performance Match to a certain extent through appropriate heat treatment.The present invention has overcome the molten not high and biphase interface of not dissolving each other of density of oozing of conventional sintering in conjunction with a difficult problem, and conventional deformed composite material preparation method adopts large extrusion ratio in an industrial difficult problem that is difficult to practical application.The material that is obtained has the favorable tissue performance, and this method can be applied in the fields such as preparation of spark-erosion machine tool machined electrode, resistance welding electrode and contact material of vacuum switch.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of medium socket of the present invention.
Embodiment:
Embodiment one: present embodiment is a raw material with simple substance Cu and Cr powder, and its ratio is Cu85Wt%; Crl5Wt%.Its concrete steps are as follows:
1, Cu and Cr simple substance powder obtain Cu/Cr synusia composite powder through the viscous deformation of 3 hours high energy mechanical ball millings of 400rpm, and the synusia size is below 3 μ m.At self-control MJ-1 type stirring-type high energy ball mill ball milling, adopt GCrl5 steel ball 6mm, ratio of grinding media to material 8: 1, rotating speed 400rpm, ball loadings (volume of sphere volume/staving) 0.2 adopts vacuum to fill hydrogen shield, the recirculated water cooling.3 hours ball milling time.
2, the Cu/Cr composite powder is about 85% blank through 900MPa cold compaction acquisition relative density, 900～950 ℃ of vacuum sinterings 1 hour, obtains relative density and is about 97% sintered blank.
3, sintered blank is carried out hot quiet liquid extruding after 450 ℃ of preheatings 20 minutes (looking the billet size size), and extrusion ratio is 25, and the graphite glass mixture is a lubricant.The extrusion mould preheating temperature is at 200～250 ℃.Bar relative density after the extruding can reach about 99.5%.
4, material microtexture: Cr is the ribbon fiber shape and distributes in matrix material, and Cu, Cr biphase crystal grain is all at submicron order, the crystal grain-growth bar shaped, and width is at 100～300nm, and the biphase interface is in conjunction with good, and stretching fracture biphase do not occur and divides phenomenon.
5, electricity and mechanical property: room temperature tensile intensity 670MPa, unit elongation are 15%, hardness 165Hv, and softening temperature is greater than 600 ℃.Specific conductivity is 67%IACS.High temperature compressed performance: compression speed is 3.33 * 10
-3S
-1The time, in the time of 600 ℃, yield strength is 130MPa, ultimate strength is 140MPa; In the time of 800 ℃, yield strength is 125MPa, and ultimate strength is 135MPa, and rate of compression is more than 50%.
Embodiment two: present embodiment is a raw material with simple substance W and Cu powder, and its ratio is W60Wt%; Cu40Wt%.Its concrete steps are as follows:
1, W and Cu simple substance powder obtain the W/Cu composite powder through the viscous deformation of 60 hours high energy mechanical ball millings of 400rpm, and particle size is below 4 μ m.At self-control MJ-1 type stirring-type high energy ball mill ball milling, adopt GCrl5 steel ball 6mm then, ratio of grinding media to material 2: 1, rotating speed 400rpm, the vacuum argon filling gas shiled is adopted in ball loadings (volume of sphere volume/staving) 0.2, the recirculated water cooling.60 hours ball milling time.
2, the W/Cu composite powder is about 85% blank through 900MPa cold compaction acquisition relative density, 900 ℃～1000 ℃ vacuum sinterings 4 hours, obtains relative density and is about 97% sintered blank.
3, sintered blank was carried out hot quiet liquid extruding in 15 minutes 700 ℃～950 ℃ preheatings after (looking the billet size size), extrusion ratio is 16, the graphite glass mixture is a lubricant, and (adopt cryogenic glass powder: 400～550 ℃ of softening temperatures) proportioning is 8: 2 (volume ratio) for Graphite Powder 99 and glass powder.The extrusion mould preheating temperature is at 200～250 ℃.About 900 ℃, heat-treat then.
4, electricity and mechanical property: room temperature tensile intensity is 373.9MPa, and unit elongation is 4.4%, and specific conductivity is 41.4m/ Ω .mm
2/ %.
Claims (7)
1, the powder deformed combination electrode material preparation method of W-Cu or Cu-Cr is characterized in that it adopts Cu and Cr or W and Cu simple substance powder is raw material, and the first step is carried out mechanical ball milling powder process; Second goes on foot the base of colding pressing; The 3rd step was carried out the vacuum solid state sintering, and the sintering temperature of this process is 900 ℃～950 ℃, and the sintering time of Cu/Cr composite powder blank is 0.5～1.5 hour, and the sintering time of W/Cu composite powder blank is 4 hours; The 4th step was hot quiet liquid extruding, in this process at first with the sintered blank preheating, adopting graphite and glass mixture is lubricant, Graphite Powder 99 and glass powder volume ratio are 8: 1.5～2.5, during extruding lubricant made lubricant medium cover (1), the inner chamber (2) of lubricant medium cover (1) is identical with the size shape of sintered blank, sintered blank (4) is put into lubricant medium cover (1), with pressure head (3) lubricant medium cover (1) and sintered blank (4) are pressurizeed, institute's applied pressure increases to 1000～1200MPa by 0, stable then to 500MPa, total extrusion time is 3～5 seconds.
2, the powder deformed combination electrode material preparation method of W-Cu according to claim 1 or Cu-Cr is characterized in that in the above-mentioned the first step mechanical ball milling pulverizing process, particle size will be below 4 μ m.
3, the powder deformed combination electrode material preparation method of W-Cu according to claim 1 or Cu-Cr is characterized in that going on foot in the base process of colding pressing second, and pressure is 800～900MPa, and the relative density of blank is 75%～85%.
4, the powder deformed combination electrode material preparation method of W-Cu according to claim 1 or Cu-Cr is characterized in that with Cu and Cr simple substance powder be raw material, and its ratio is Cu:40～90Wt%; Cr:10～60Wt%.
5, the powder deformed combination electrode material preparation method of W-Cu according to claim 1 or Cu-Cr is characterized in that with W and Cu simple substance powder be raw material, and its ratio is W:50～80Wt%; Cu:20～50Wt%.
6, the powder deformed combination electrode material preparation method of W-Cu according to claim 1 or Cu-Cr, the sintered blank preheating temperature that it is characterized in that Cu/Cr is 450 ℃, the sintered blank preheating temperature of W/Cu is 700 ℃～950 ℃.
7, the powder deformed combination electrode material preparation method of W-Cu according to claim 1 or Cu-Cr is characterized in that the extrusion ratio of hot quiet liquid extruding is between 5～25.
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| CN 03132475 CN1233492C (en) | 2003-06-30 | 2003-06-30 | Method for preparing copper base electrode powder deformation compound material |
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| CN 03132475 CN1233492C (en) | 2003-06-30 | 2003-06-30 | Method for preparing copper base electrode powder deformation compound material |
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| CN1233492C true CN1233492C (en) | 2005-12-28 |
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Families Citing this family (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101624662B (en) * | 2009-07-08 | 2011-04-27 | 中南大学 | Method for preparing W-Cu alloy in microwave infiltration way |
| AT11814U1 (en) * | 2010-08-03 | 2011-05-15 | Plansee Powertech Ag | METHOD FOR THE POWDER METALLURGIC MANUFACTURE OF A CU-CR MATERIAL |
| CN102031411B (en) * | 2010-12-01 | 2012-07-04 | 武汉理工大学 | Method for preparing compact W-Cu composite material at low temperature |
| WO2013000147A1 (en) * | 2011-06-30 | 2013-01-03 | 阿尔斯通电网公司 | Copper-chromium contactor and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN102358920B (en) * | 2011-09-30 | 2014-07-02 | 西安理工大学 | Method for preparing CuWCr composite material in consumable electrode arc-melting furnace |
| CN103606479B (en) * | 2013-11-25 | 2016-02-03 | 桂林电器科学研究院有限公司 | A kind of extruding method of chromiumcopper |
| CN104232961B (en) * | 2014-09-10 | 2016-09-21 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of high-strength height hard Cu-Cr composite and its preparation method and application |
| CN104959609A (en) * | 2015-06-05 | 2015-10-07 | 东睦新材料集团股份有限公司 | Preparation method of copper-base powder metallurgy part |
| CN105698790B (en) * | 2016-03-17 | 2019-01-29 | 武汉际上导航科技有限公司 | A kind of bridging method in GNSS-INS combination |
| CN105908006A (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2016-08-31 | 镇江中孚复合材料有限公司 | Novel copper-based electric contact self-lubricating composite material and preparing method and application of novel copper-based electric contact self-lubricating composite material |
| CN106756204A (en) * | 2016-11-22 | 2017-05-31 | 陕西斯瑞新材料股份有限公司 | A kind of near-net-shape copper-chromium contact material preparation method |
| CN106756174B (en) * | 2016-12-19 | 2018-06-26 | 西安建筑科技大学 | A kind of densification process of high-quality chromiumcopper |
| CN109295325B (en) * | 2018-09-27 | 2020-10-30 | 江苏师范大学 | Preparation method of high-strength high-conductivity Cu-Cr-Zn alloy material |
| CN113088753B (en) * | 2021-03-31 | 2022-02-15 | 五矿铍业股份有限公司 | Method for preparing beryllium-copper master alloy by adopting vacuum consumable arc melting |
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