CN101418398A - Copper-based electric contact material for low-voltage apparatus - Google Patents
Copper-based electric contact material for low-voltage apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- CN101418398A CN101418398A CNA2008102336613A CN200810233661A CN101418398A CN 101418398 A CN101418398 A CN 101418398A CN A2008102336613 A CNA2008102336613 A CN A2008102336613A CN 200810233661 A CN200810233661 A CN 200810233661A CN 101418398 A CN101418398 A CN 101418398A
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Abstract
The invention discloses design and preparation for a copper base alloy of an electrical contact material for a low-voltage electric appliance. The design is characterized in that the alloy comprises the following compositions in weight percent: 0.5 to 3 percent of Ni, 0.1 to 0.5 percent of Zr, 0.1 to 0.5 percent of Y, and the balance being Cu. The preparation comprises the following process routes: preparing a CuY and CuZr intermediate alloy raw material by Cu+ and Ni+ in vacuum; obtaining CuNiZrY alloy powder by using a self air-water sharp quenching and atomizing powder-preparing technique and equipment under an atmosphere state; preparing formed blank by a powder metallurgy process (forming and sintering, repressing and re-sintering, and CIP and sintering); obtaining semi-finished product blank of wires or sheets by hot extrusion; obtaining semi-finished products through thermal treatment; and obtaining finished products through cold working. The alloy has the characteristics of low but stable contact resistance, high oxidation resistance, strong electric arc erosion resistance and fusion welding resistance property, long electric life, and the like; and can be used for electrical contacts for low-voltage electric appliances.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to copper-based electric contact material for low-voltage apparatus, particularly relate to material design and fabricating technology copper-based electric contact material.
Background technology
The electrical contact of low-voltage apparatus mostly is to be made by the matrix material of argentiferous 80%-90% (mass percent), according to electrician association (on October 14th, 2004 held in Xi'an) in 2004 introduction, silver-colored in the world resource is very limited, and 25%-30% wherein is used to make electrician and the required contact components and parts of electronic machine.But limited precious metal resource is through for many years exploitation and application, and is poor just day by day at present.In order to save silver, the whole world is when carrying out the research that reduces the contact material silver content, also at exploitation base metal contact material, with the limited and expensive silver of alternate resources.
Copper has and performances such as the close physics of silver, chemistry, electricity, and as contact material, copper has that electrical and thermal conductivity is good, thermal capacitance is big, contact temperature rise is low, the electric arc erosion time short, higher hardness, machine-shaping property excellence, advantage such as cheap.
From the seventies in 20th century, extensively carried out the research of the copper-based electric contact material in low-voltage apparatus field both at home and abroad, a large amount of patents have been applied for, wherein have only only a few to be committed to practice but all do not obtain market-oriented widespread use, mainly be owing to there is a general character difficult problem in some material technologies: (1) oxidation-resistance is not enough.Cu sill contact elements can be emitted big calorimetric in interrupting process, the easy oxidation of Cu generates sull, causes that contact resistance increases, and influences electroconductibility and thermal conductivity.(2) resistance fusion welding and anti electric arc corrosion performance have much room for improvement.Satisfy the job requirement of low-voltage apparatus with electrical contact member, contact material must have favorable conductive thermal conductivity, bigger nucleidic mass and density, high melt point and boiling point, bigger fusing and the latent heat of vaporization, lower vapour pressure etc., with regard to These parameters, Cu compares with Ag and all has certain gap.In addition, the Cu base electrical contact material will keep higher electrical and thermal conductivity and lower contact resistance, and its intensity, hardness must be affected, thereby influences the resistance fusion welding and the anti electric arc corrosion of material.
The appearance of a large amount of patents shows, in the research of low-voltage apparatus field copper-based electric contact material, obtained certain progress both at home and abroad, illustrate that also it has certain market requirement, but over all, existing copper-based electric contact material is less in the application in low-voltage apparatus field, also need carry out suitable work aspect material design, fabricating technology and the Electric contact theory research.
Summary of the invention
The technology used in the present invention is based on the development of copper matrix alloy method.Its basic ideas are comprehensively to improve physics, machinery, electricity and the chemical property of copper-based electric contact material by interpolation active element nickel, zirconium, rare earth element yttrium.
Design of alloy: add Ni, Zr, Y isoreactivity constituent element, Cu is an alloy substrate.Add active element Ni and Zr and do not reducing or reducing on a small quantity under the prerequisite that thermal conductance and electricity lead, can improve the room temperature and the hot strength of matrix, improve the matrix resistance fusion welding, anti-electric-arc is ablative and antioxidant property; Add micro-Y can help with copper in impurity react and improve matrix conduction, thermal conductivity, and improve the ablative and oxidation-resistance of matrix anti-electric-arc.Three kinds of alloying constituents are: (1) Ni-3%, and Zr-0.5%, Y-0.5%, Cu are surplus; (2) Ni-1%, Zr-0.3%, Y-0.2%, Cu are surplus; (3) Ni-0.5%, Zr-0.1%, Y-0.1%, Cu are surplus.
Operational path: prepare under the vacuum and use the air water chilling powder by atomization technology and equipment acquisition CuNiZrY powdered alloy → powder metallurgy operation (shaping+sintering → multiple pressure+resintering → CIP+ sintering) of having by oneself to make shaping base → hot extrusion acquisition material or sheet material work in-process base → hot-work acquisition work in-process → cold working acquisition finished product under CuY, CuZr master alloy+Ni+Cu raw material → atmospheric condition.
Key of the present invention is to overcome the prior art deficiency, provides a kind of contact resistance low and stable, anti-melting welding, and the anti-electric-arc scaling loss does not have silver, and is nuisanceless, the novel contact material that suitable low-voltage apparatus is used.Another object of the present invention provides a kind of manufacture method of said contact material.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a CuNiZrY contact material micro-organization chart.Crystal grain is tiny in the microstructure, second with graininess exist, distribution disperse and evenly, do not have obvious segregation, grain spacing is smaller; There is a small amount of cavity in the material.
Embodiment
(1) CuY, CuZr master alloy preparation: under the vacuum with the induction melting Cu (purity is more than 99.95%) of plumbago crucible elder generation, charge into inert atmosphere Ar after the degasification, add raw material Y (purity is more than 99.5%), the intensification refining is fully fused in the Cu molten metal Rare Earth Y, after leaving standstill 5 minutes, be poured in the graphite casting die, fully vacuum is destroyed in the cooling back, takes out CuY master alloy ingot casting.(2) chilling atomizing preparation CuNiZrY powdered alloy: the pure Cu of first induction melting under the atmospheric condition, suitable elevated temperature, adding Ni raw material (purity〉99.95%), insulation for a moment, add CuZr, CuY master alloy again, for making its abundant alloying, be incubated that (the alloy liquid temp is controlled at about 1200) at the uniform velocity pours into hot funnel after 3-8 minutes, (atomizing medium is pure N2 to alloy liquid by funnel through inert atmosphere, atomizing pressure is 0.6-1.2MPa) impact and crushing effect, water is as heat-eliminating medium, and the alloying pellet after the atomizing is cooled off fast.Cooled powdered alloy is crossed 100 mesh standard sieves (size＜150 μ m), and-100 purpose powdered alloys are at H
2Protection is down stand-by in 200-300 ℃ of insulation 4-6 hour, and meal (+100 order) then can melt down powder process again.(3) shaping and sintering process: when powdered mixture was shaped, compacting pressure should not be too big, gets final product about 180-200MPa, and the dwell time is slightly long, is 4-6min.During sintering, for avoiding be shaped base cracking and nonaffine deformation, heat-up rate is unsuitable too fast, preferably heats up holding time long (1h) stage by stage first: room temperature-300 ℃ intensification 1h, insulation 1h; 300-600 ℃ of intensification 1h fill inert atmosphere and reduce vacuum tightness to reduce volatilization, insulation 1.5h; 600-900 ℃ of intensification 1h, insulation 2-6h; Be cooled to below 100 ℃ and can come out of the stove with stove.Better, the dwell time is 2-4min to pressure between 250-300MPa when pressing again.Room temperature during resintering-600 ℃ intensification 1h fills inert atmosphere and reduces vacuum tightness to reduce volatilization, insulation 1.5h; 600-900 ℃ of intensification 1h, insulation 2-6h; Be cooled to below 100 ℃ and can come out of the stove with stove.CIP (isostatic cool pressing system), compacting pressure is 300-350MPa, dwell time 5-12min, CIP technology can improve the density and the homogeneity thereof of shaping blank, with resintering technology it is carried out sintering subsequently.(4) shaping base hot extrusion: under the air atmosphere, more than 640-800 ℃ of insulation 4h, moderate speed under 180-250MPa, large extrusion ratio (〉 100:1) it is squeezed into band or silk material.Hot extrusion can improve density, improves tissue, can improve its processing characteristics simultaneously.(7) complete processing: extrusion billet can carry out the hot-work (hot workability of CuNiZrY contact material is good) of large deformation, stay less deflection and carry out cold working (preferably making the passage amount of finish) less than 5%, total deformation 50-70%, 500-650 ℃ of process annealing temperature.The whole detailed process rules of CuNiZrY contact material preparation that Here it is.
Embodiment 1 Ni-3%, Zr-0.5%, Y-0.5%, Cu are surplus, concrete steps are described in detail as in the embodiment.
Embodiment 2 Ni-1%, Zr-0.3%, Y-0.2%, Cu are surplus, concrete steps are described in detail as in the embodiment.
Embodiment 3 Ni-0.5%, Zr-0.1%, Y-0.1%, Cu are surplus, concrete steps are described in detail as in the embodiment.
Tissue and the performance of the embodiment 2 of the present invention preparation can find out from its microstructure such as accompanying drawing 1, in the microstructure second with graininess exist, distribution disperse and even, do not have obvious segregation.Density of material is 8.75gcm
-3, a spot of cavity makes the density of sample a little less than theoretical density 8.94gcm in the material
-3Specific conductivity is 29.3Msm
-1, corresponding its resistivity is 3.41 μ Ω cm; Hardness is HV105.4.Oxidation-resistance and anti-electric-arc ablation property are good, long service life.
Claims (4)
1, a kind of electrical contact material copper base alloy is characterized in that the weight percent of this alloy is: Ni0.5-3%, Zr0.1-0.5%, Y0.1-0.5%, Cu surplus.
2, require described electrical contact material copper base alloy according to right 1, it is characterized in that being applied to low-voltage apparatus.
3, a kind of preparation method of electrical contact material copper base alloy is characterized in that comprising following steps:
(1) prepares CuY, CuZr master alloy under the vacuum;
(2) chilling atomizing preparation CuNiZrY powdered alloy;
(3) the powder metallurgy operation makes the shaping base;
(4) hot extrusion obtains silk material or sheet material work in-process base;
(5) hot-work obtains work in-process;
(6) cold working obtains finished product.
4, require the preparation method of described electrical contact material copper base alloy according to right 3, it is characterized in that described step (3) powder metallurgy operation is: shaping+sintering → multiple pressure+resintering → CIP+ sintering.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CNA2008102336613A CN101418398A (en) | 2008-12-01 | 2008-12-01 | Copper-based electric contact material for low-voltage apparatus |
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| CNA2008102336613A CN101418398A (en) | 2008-12-01 | 2008-12-01 | Copper-based electric contact material for low-voltage apparatus |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103509964A (en) * | 2013-09-18 | 2014-01-15 | 温州银泰合金材料有限公司 | Rare earth alloy electrical contact terminal material and production method thereof |
| CN110184493A (en) * | 2019-05-21 | 2019-08-30 | 上海锦町实业有限公司 | A kind of high temperature resistant contact |
| US20200122229A1 (en) * | 2017-08-21 | 2020-04-23 | Jx Nippon Mining & Metals Corporation | Copper alloy powder for lamination shaping, lamination shaped product production method, and lamination shaped product |
-
2008
- 2008-12-01 CN CNA2008102336613A patent/CN101418398A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103509964A (en) * | 2013-09-18 | 2014-01-15 | 温州银泰合金材料有限公司 | Rare earth alloy electrical contact terminal material and production method thereof |
| CN103509964B (en) * | 2013-09-18 | 2015-10-14 | 温州银泰合金材料有限公司 | Rare earth alloy electrical contact terminal and production method thereof |
| US20200122229A1 (en) * | 2017-08-21 | 2020-04-23 | Jx Nippon Mining & Metals Corporation | Copper alloy powder for lamination shaping, lamination shaped product production method, and lamination shaped product |
| CN110184493A (en) * | 2019-05-21 | 2019-08-30 | 上海锦町实业有限公司 | A kind of high temperature resistant contact |
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Open date: 20090429 |