CN117882626A - Spray-seeding greening matrix and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Spray-seeding greening matrix and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN117882626A CN117882626A CN202410225632.1A CN202410225632A CN117882626A CN 117882626 A CN117882626 A CN 117882626A CN 202410225632 A CN202410225632 A CN 202410225632A CN 117882626 A CN117882626 A CN 117882626A
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- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 119
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 131
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000002688 soil aggregate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims description 16
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims description 16
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000006041 probiotic Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 235000018291 probiotics Nutrition 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000014676 Phragmites communis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 244000105627 Cajanus indicus Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000010773 Cajanus indicus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N (S)-malic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 241000234643 Festuca arundinacea Species 0.000 claims description 10
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-hydroxysuccinic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000015165 citric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000001630 malic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000011090 malic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 241000194107 Bacillus megaterium Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 108010059892 Cellulase Proteins 0.000 claims description 9
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 241001598107 Imperata Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 241000881860 Paenibacillus mucilaginosus Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 102000004160 Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases Human genes 0.000 claims description 9
- 108090000608 Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases Proteins 0.000 claims description 9
- 108010046334 Urease Proteins 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007633 bacillus mucilaginosus Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229940106157 cellulase Drugs 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000013 Ammonium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical group [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000012538 ammonium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011609 ammonium molybdate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P ammonium molybdate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000018660 ammonium molybdate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 229940010552 ammonium molybdate Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011790 ferrous sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000003891 ferrous sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229940099596 manganese sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011702 manganese sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000007079 manganese sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002786 root growth Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 240000000569 Musa basjoo Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000000139 Musa basjoo Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical group [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000007516 Chrysanthemum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000189548 Chrysanthemum x morifolium Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000234642 Festuca Species 0.000 claims description 3
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000628997 Flos Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000529 probiotic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000000582 semen Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000012615 aggregate Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 20
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 6
- 244000273256 Phragmites communis Species 0.000 description 4
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
- A01G24/35—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds containing water-absorbing polymers
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/40—Afforestation or reforestation
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of soil matrixes. The invention provides a spray-seeding greening matrix, and a preparation method and application thereof. Wherein, the spray-seeding greening matrix comprises 90 to 92 percent of composite soil matrix, 2 to 4 percent of composite organic matter, 3 to 5 percent of composite plant fiber, 0.1 to 0.3 percent of composite fertilizer, 0.1 to 0.2 percent of plant root promoter, 0.1 to 0.2 percent of soil water-retaining agent, 0.01 to 0.03 percent of soil adhesive and 0.2 to 0.3 percent of soil aggregate. The spray-seeding greening matrix has the advantages of strong water retention performance, high organic matter content, good air permeability, high available nutrient content and uniform aggregate structure, is applied to rock slope greening with a gradient of less than 60 degrees, has vigorous plant growth vigor and high vegetation coverage rate of 96.85 percent, is simple in preparation method, is easy to operate, and is suitable for batch production and large-scale application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil matrixes, in particular to a spray-seeding greening matrix and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
In the exploitation process of the surface mine, a great amount of rock slopes can be formed due to unavoidable excavation of mountain bodies, so that not only is the original landform and landscape destroyed, but also geological disasters such as landslide, collapse and the like can be caused.
The condition of the ground of the rocky slope is extremely bad, the original vegetation and surface soil of the slope are almost stripped, the surface soil components of the slope are extremely few, the nutrient elements necessary for plant growth are lacking, and the requirement of the rocky slope vegetation greening can be met only by reconstructing the soil structure of the slope. The rock slopes with different gradients adopt different vegetation greening modes, and for the steep rock slopes with the gradients larger than 60 degrees, vegetation greening needs to be completed in a relatively complex mode of building a floating platform, constructing a vegetation hole, stacking an ecological bag and the like; for rock slopes with the gradient smaller than 60 degrees, spray seeding greening is mainly adopted.
The spray-seeding greening technology is characterized in that under the premise of stable slope body, a soil matrix containing plant seeds is manually prepared by means of mechanical spray-seeding equipment to spray and adhere to slope vegetation greening technology on the slope surface, and the technology is influenced by factors such as slope type, slope and the like, and the defects of poor water retention performance, weak plant growth vigor, low vegetation preservation rate and the like of the spray-seeding matrix still exist. Therefore, the preparation and application of the spray-seeding matrix suitable for the slope type and the slope difference are problems to be solved by the person skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a spray-seeding greening matrix and a preparation method and application thereof aiming at the defects of the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a spray-seeding greening matrix which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight:
90 to 92 percent of composite soil matrix, 2 to 4 percent of composite organic matter, 3 to 5 percent of composite plant fiber, 0.1 to 0.3 percent of composite fertilizer, 0.1 to 0.2 percent of plant root promoting agent, 0.1 to 0.2 percent of soil water retaining agent, 0.01 to 0.03 percent of soil adhesive and 0.2 to 0.3 percent of soil aggregate.
Preferably, the composite soil matrix is loam and loess;
in the loam and loess, the sand content is 3-5% independently, the water content is 15-20% independently, the particle size of the loam and loess is 1.4-1.6 cm independently, and the mass ratio of the loam to the loess is 5:4 to 6.
Preferably, the compound organic matters are sludge cake, peat soil and humic acid substances;
the water content of the sludge cake is 18-23%, the grain diameter of the sludge cake is 0.6-0.65 mm, the water content of peat soil is 27-32%, humic acid is one or more of calcium humate, magnesium humate and phosphorus humate, and the mass ratio of the sludge cake, peat soil and humic acid is 1-3: 5 to 7:5 to 7.
Preferably, the composite plant fiber is basjoo, reed and straw;
the lengths of the cogongrass, the reed and the straw are independently 1-3 cm, and the mass ratio of the cogongrass to the reed to the straw is 3:2 to 4:2 to 4.
Preferably, the compound fertilizer is monopotassium phosphate, ammonium bicarbonate and trace element fertilizer;
the mass ratio of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate to the ammonium bicarbonate to the trace element fertilizer is 4:3 to 5:3 to 5;
the trace element fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 15-25% of zinc sulfate, 20-25% of borax, 12-18% of ammonium molybdate, 7-9% of manganese sulfate, 8-15% of ferrous sulfate and 16-18% of copper sulfate.
Preferably, the plant root promoting agent is a bio-organic acid preparation, a soil enzyme preparation and a soil probiotic preparation;
the mass ratio of the biological organic acid preparation to the soil enzyme preparation to the soil probiotics preparation is 3-4: 3 to 3.5:2.5 to 3.5;
the biological organic acid preparation is tartaric acid, oxalic acid, malic acid and citric acid; the mass ratio of tartaric acid to oxalic acid to malic acid to citric acid is 2-3: 2-3: 2-3: 2 to 3;
the soil enzyme preparation is soil urease, soil phosphatase and soil cellulase; the mass ratio of the soil urease to the soil phosphatase to the soil cellulase is 2-3: 2-3: 2 to 3;
the soil probiotics preparation is bacillus subtilis, bacillus megatherium, bacillus mucilaginosus and mycorrhizal fungi; the mass ratio of the bacillus subtilis, the bacillus megaterium, the bacillus mucilaginosus and the mycorrhizal fungi is 2-4: 2 to 4:4 to 6:2 to 4.
Preferably, the soil water-retaining agent is sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, the soil binder is polyacrylamide, and the soil aggregate agent is SF soil aggregate agent.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the spray-seeding greening matrix, which comprises the following steps:
1) Mixing the composite organic matter, the composite fertilizer and the plant root promoting agent to obtain a mixture A;
2) Mixing a soil water-retaining agent and a soil adhesive to obtain a mixture B;
3) Mixing the composite soil matrix with the composite plant fiber to obtain a mixture C;
4) And mixing the mixture A, the mixture B, the mixture C and the soil aggregate to obtain the spray-seeding greening matrix.
The invention also provides application of the spray-seeding greening matrix in a rock slope, and the spray-seeding greening matrix containing plant seeds are sequentially sprayed to the rock slope.
Preferably, the spraying thickness of the spraying greening matrix is 14-16 cm, and the spraying thickness of the spraying greening matrix containing plant seeds is 3-5 cm;
the addition amount of plant seeds on the rock slope is 8-10 g/m 2 The plant seeds are semen Cajani, flos Matricariae Chamomillae and festuca arundinacea; the mass ratio of the pigeonpea to the Persian chrysanthemum to the fescue is 2-5: 2 to 4:2 to 3.
The beneficial effects of the invention include the following points:
1) The invention takes the composite soil matrix as a main substrate and takes the composite organic matters, the composite plant fibers, the composite fertilizer, the plant root promoting agent, the soil water retention agent, the soil adhesive and the soil aggregate agent as auxiliary substrates, and the prepared spray-seeding greening matrix has the characteristics of energy conservation, environmental protection, low cost, convenient use and good effect.
2) The spray-seeding greening matrix has the advantages of strong water retention performance, high organic matter content, good air permeability, high content of available nutrients and uniform aggregate structure, is applied to rock slope greening with gradient less than 60 degrees, and has vigorous plant growth vigor and high vegetation coverage rate which can reach 96.85 percent.
3) The invention prepares the spray-seeding greening matrix suitable for the rock slope with the gradient smaller than 60 degrees by reasonably controlling the dosage proportion of each component of the spray-seeding greening matrix, and the preparation method is simple, easy to operate and suitable for mass production and large-scale application.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a spray-seeding greening matrix which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight:
90 to 92 percent of composite soil matrix, 2 to 4 percent of composite organic matter, 3 to 5 percent of composite plant fiber, 0.1 to 0.3 percent of composite fertilizer, 0.1 to 0.2 percent of plant root promoting agent, 0.1 to 0.2 percent of soil water retaining agent, 0.01 to 0.03 percent of soil adhesive and 0.2 to 0.3 percent of soil aggregate.
The spray-seeding greening matrix comprises 90-92% of composite soil matrix, preferably 90.5-91.5%, and more preferably 91%.
In the invention, the composite soil matrix is preferably loam and loess;
in the loam and loess, the sand content is independently preferably 3 to 5%, more preferably 3.5 to 4.5%, and even more preferably 4%; the water content is independently preferably 15 to 20%, more preferably 16 to 18%, and even more preferably 17%; the independent particle diameters of loam and loess are preferably 1.4 to 1.6cm, more preferably 1.5cm; the mass ratio of loam to loess is preferably 5:4 to 6, more preferably 5:4.5 to 5.5, more preferably 5:5.
in the invention, the composite soil matrix has the functions of improving the ventilation performance, the water-retaining and heat-preserving performance of the spray-seeding greening matrix and increasing mineral components of the spray-seeding greening matrix.
The spray-seeding greening matrix comprises 2-4% of composite organic matters, preferably 2.5-3.5%, more preferably 2.8-3.2%, and even more preferably 3%.
In the invention, the composite organic matters are preferably sludge cake, peat soil and humic acid substances;
the water content of the sludge cake is preferably 18 to 23%, more preferably 20 to 22%, and even more preferably 21%; the particle size of the sludge cake is preferably 0.6 to 0.65mm, more preferably 0.62 to 0.64mm, and still more preferably 0.63mm; the moisture content of the peat soil is preferably 27 to 32%, more preferably 28 to 30%, and even more preferably 29%; the humic acid is preferably one or more of calcium humate, magnesium humate and phosphorus humate; the mass ratio of the sludge cake, the peat soil and the humic acid is preferably 1-3: 5 to 7:5 to 7, more preferably 1.5 to 2.5:5.5 to 6.5:5.5 to 6.5, more preferably 2:6:6.
in the invention, the composite organic matter has the function of increasing the organic matter of the spray-seeding greening matrix.
The spray-seeding greening matrix comprises 3-5% of composite plant fibers, preferably 3.5-4.5%, more preferably 3.8-4.2%, and even more preferably 4%.
In the invention, the composite plant fiber is preferably selected from the group consisting of basjoo, reed and straw;
the lengths of the cogongrass, the reed and the straw are independently preferably 1-3 cm, more preferably 1.5-2.5 cm, and even more preferably 2cm; the mass ratio of the basjoo, the reed and the straw is preferably 3:2 to 4:2 to 4, more preferably 3:2.5 to 3.5:2.5 to 3.5, more preferably 3:3:3.
in the invention, the composite plant fiber has the function of increasing the air permeability and the water absorbability of the spray-seeding greening matrix.
The spray-seeding greening matrix comprises 0.1-0.3% of compound fertilizer, preferably 0.15-0.25%, and more preferably 0.2%.
In the invention, the compound fertilizer is preferably potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium bicarbonate and trace element fertilizer;
the mass ratio of the monopotassium phosphate, the ammonium bicarbonate and the trace element fertilizer is preferably 4:3 to 5:3 to 5, more preferably 4:3.5 to 4.5:3.5 to 4.5, more preferably 4:4:4, a step of;
the trace element fertilizer is preferably prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: zinc sulfate (ZnSO) 4 ·7H 2 O) 15-25%, borax (Na) 2 B 4 O 7 ·10H 2 O) 20-25%, ammonium molybdate ((NH) 4 ) 2 MoO 4 ) 12 to 18 percent of manganese sulfate (MnSO) 4 ·3H 2 O) 7-9%, ferrous sulfate (FeSO) 4 ·7H 2 O) 8-15%, copper sulfate (CuSO) 4 ·7H 2 O) 16 to 18%, more preferably 18 to 22% of zinc sulfate, 22 to 24% of borax, 14 to 16% of ammonium molybdate, 8 to 9% of manganese sulfate, 10 to 12% of ferrous sulfate and 16 to 17% of copper sulfate.
In the invention, the compound fertilizer has the function of increasing nutrient elements of the spray-seeding greening matrix.
The spray-seeding greening matrix comprises 0.1-0.2% of plant root promoting agent, preferably 0.14-0.16%, and more preferably 0.15%.
In the invention, the plant root promoter is preferably a biological organic acid preparation, a soil enzyme preparation and a soil probiotics preparation;
the mass ratio of the biological organic acid preparation to the soil enzyme preparation to the soil probiotics preparation is preferably 3-4: 3 to 3.5:2.5 to 3.5, more preferably 3.5:3.2:3, a step of;
the bio-organic acid preparation is preferably tartaric acid, oxalic acid, malic acid and citric acid; the mass ratio of tartaric acid, oxalic acid, malic acid and citric acid is preferably 2-3: 2-3: 2-3: 2 to 3, more preferably 2.4 to 2.6:2.2 to 2.8:2.4 to 2.6:2.3 to 2.5, more preferably 2.5:2.4 to 2.6:2.5:2.4;
the soil enzyme preparation is preferably soil urease, soil phosphatase and soil cellulase; the mass ratio of the soil urease to the soil phosphatase to the soil cellulase is preferably 2-3: 2-3: 2 to 3, more preferably 2.4 to 2.6:2.4 to 2.6:2.2 to 2.8, more preferably 2.5:2.5:2.4 to 2.6;
the soil probiotics preparation is preferably bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium, bacillus mucilaginosus and mycorrhizal fungi; the mass ratio of the bacillus subtilis, the bacillus megaterium, the bacillus mucilaginosus and the mycorrhizal fungi is preferably 2-4: 2 to 4:4 to 6:2 to 4, more preferably 2.5 to 3.5:2.5 to 3.5:4.5 to 5.5:2.5 to 3.5, more preferably 3:3:5:3.
in the invention, the plant root promoter has the effects of promoting plant root growth and improving vegetation coverage.
The spray-seeding greening matrix comprises 0.1-0.2% of soil water-retaining agent, preferably 0.12-0.18%, more preferably 0.14-0.16%, and even more preferably 0.15%.
In the invention, the soil water-retaining agent is preferably sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.
In the invention, the soil water-retaining agent has the functions of improving the water storage and soil moisture conservation capacity of the spray-seeding greening matrix and improving the moisture condition of the spray-seeding greening matrix.
The spray-seeding greening matrix comprises 0.01-0.03% of soil binder, preferably 0.015-0.025%, and more preferably 0.02%.
In the present invention, the soil binder is preferably polyacrylamide.
In the invention, the soil adhesive has the effects of increasing the adhesion of the spray-seeding greening matrix, reducing the porosity of the spray-seeding greening matrix and improving the stability and wind erosion resistance of the spray-seeding greening matrix.
The spray-seeding greening matrix of the invention comprises 0.2-0.3% of soil aggregate, preferably 0.22-0.28%, more preferably 0.24-0.26%, and even more preferably 0.25%.
In the present invention, the soil aggregate is preferably an SF soil aggregate.
In the invention, the soil aggregate has the effects of improving the aggregate structure of the spray-seeding greening matrix and promoting the oxygen supply of the spray-seeding greening matrix.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the spray-seeding greening matrix, which comprises the following steps:
1) Mixing the composite organic matter, the composite fertilizer and the plant root promoting agent to obtain a mixture A;
2) Mixing a soil water-retaining agent and a soil adhesive to obtain a mixture B;
3) Mixing the composite soil matrix with the composite plant fiber to obtain a mixture C;
4) And mixing the mixture A, the mixture B, the mixture C and the soil aggregate to obtain the spray-seeding greening matrix.
The invention also provides application of the spray-seeding greening matrix in a rock slope, and the spray-seeding greening matrix containing plant seeds are sequentially sprayed to the rock slope.
In the invention, the spraying thickness of the spraying greening matrix is preferably 14-16 cm, more preferably 14.5-15.5 cm, and even more preferably 15cm; the spray thickness of the spray-seeding greening matrix comprising plant seeds is preferably 3-5 cm, more preferably 3.5-4.5 cm, more preferably 4cm;
the addition amount of plant seeds on the rock slope is preferably 8-10 g/m 2 More preferably 8.5 to 9.5g/m 2 More preferably 9g/m 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The mass ratio of the pigeonpea to the Persian chrysanthemum to the fescue is preferably 2-5: 2 to 4:2 to 3, more preferably 3 to 4:2.5 to 3.5:2.4 to 2.6, more preferably 3.5:3:2.5.
the technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The loess having 3% of sand, 18% of water content, 1.5cm of grain size, 5% of sand, 15% of water content and 1.4cm of grain size was classified into a fine powder according to a mass ratio of 5:4, uniformly mixing, piling up, covering with a black plastic film for 1 week, and obtaining the composite soil matrix.
Sludge cake with the grain size of 0.6mm (purchased from the local farm market and the water content of 18 percent), peat soil (purchased from the local farm market and the water content of 32 percent) and calcium humate are mixed according to the mass ratio of 2:6:6, uniformly mixing, piling, covering a black plastic film, and balancing for 1 week to obtain the composite organic matter.
The method comprises the following steps of (1 cm in length) mixing cogongrass, reeds and straws according to a mass ratio of 3:3:3, uniformly mixing, piling up, spraying water on the surface of the piled up to preserve moisture, and obtaining the composite plant fiber.
The method comprises the following steps of (by weight percent) mixing 25% of zinc sulfate, 25% of borax, 15% of ammonium molybdate, 8% of manganese sulfate, 10% of ferrous sulfate and 17% of copper sulfate according to a mass ratio of 4:4:4, uniformly mixing to obtain the compound fertilizer.
Tartaric acid, oxalic acid, malic acid and citric acid are mixed according to the mass ratio of 2:3:3:3, uniformly mixing to obtain a biological organic acid preparation; soil urease, soil phosphatase and soil cellulase are mixed according to the mass ratio of 2:3:3, uniformly mixing to obtain a soil enzyme preparation; bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium, bacillus mucilaginosus and mycorrhizal fungi are mixed according to the mass ratio of 4:2:4:2, uniformly mixing to obtain a soil probiotics preparation; the biological organic acid preparation, the soil enzyme preparation and the soil probiotics preparation are mixed according to the mass ratio of 3.5:3.5:3, uniformly mixing to obtain the plant root promoter.
Uniformly mixing 40kg of composite organic matters, 1kg of composite fertilizer and 1kg of plant root growth promoting agent to obtain a mixture A; uniformly mixing 2kg of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and 0.3kg of polyacrylamide to obtain a mixture B; uniformly mixing 902.7kg of composite soil matrix and 50kg of composite plant fibers to obtain a mixture C; and uniformly mixing the mixture A, the mixture B, the mixture C and 3kg of SF soil aggregate (manufactured by Guangxi Zhongxing ecological garden Co., ltd.) to obtain the spray-seeding greening matrix.
Preparing a part of spray-seeding greening matrix according to the above-mentioned condition, then adding plant seed (the adding quantity of plant seed on the rock slope is 10g/m 2 The plant seeds are pigeonpea, persia crenata and festuca arundinacea, and the mass ratio of the pigeonpea to the Persia crenata to the festuca arundinacea is 4:3: 3) Obtaining the spray-seeding greening matrix containing plant seeds.
Removing loose stones and sundries on the surface of a mountain stope slope (rock slope with average gradient of 55-58 degrees and average elevation of 20-25 m) of the mountain limestone mine of the rest of Yangxincounty, and then paving and nailing the loose stones and sundries on the slope (galvanized diamond iron wire is selected for paving, the meshes are 5 multiplied by 5cm, the aperture is 5 cm)(14 #) extending to the top of the slope for 110cm, pressing the pile nails by adopting C25 concrete after fixing, keeping the distance between the net sheet and the slope for 10cm, supporting by using a cushion block, and binding the net sheets by using 18# iron wires; the anchor nails of the nail net are phi 16 steel bars, the anchor nail distance is set to be 0.7m, the length of the main anchor nail is 1.0m, the length of the auxiliary anchor nail is 0.5m, the length of the exposed section is 0.2m, then the spray-seeding greening matrix and the spray-seeding greening matrix containing plant seeds are respectively sieved (the sieve holes are 1.5 cm), then the spray-seeding greening matrix is sprayed onto a slope (the spraying thickness is 15 cm), standing is carried out for 1h, then the spray-seeding greening matrix containing the plant seeds (the spraying thickness is 3 cm), after the spray seeding is finished, a reinforced three-dimensional net pad formed by thermally bonding a golgi steel wire net surface with the tensile strength of 50kN/m and polypropylene materials with the polymer strength of 0.5kN/m is paved on the surface layer, and the anchor net is fixed on the slope by using an anchoring system.
Example 2
The loess having a sand content of 5%, a water content of 15%, a loam having a grain size of 1.6cm, a sand content of 3%, a water content of 20% and a grain size of 1.6cm was classified into a loess according to a mass ratio of 5:6, uniformly mixing, piling, covering a black plastic film, and balancing for 1 week to obtain the composite soil matrix.
Sludge cake with the grain size of 0.65mm (purchased from the local farm market and the water content of 23%), peat soil (purchased from the local farm market and the water content of 27%) and magnesium humate are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:5:7, uniformly mixing, piling up, covering with a black plastic film for 1 week to obtain the composite organic matter.
The method comprises the following steps of (1) mixing the cogongrass, the reeds and the straws with the lengths of 3cm according to a mass ratio of 3:2:4, uniformly mixing, piling up, spraying water on the surface of the piled up to preserve moisture, and obtaining the composite plant fiber.
The method comprises the following steps of (by weight percent) mixing 23% of zinc sulfate, 25% of borax, 12% of ammonium molybdate, 7% of manganese sulfate, 15% of ferrous sulfate and 18% of copper sulfate according to a mass ratio of 4:3:5, uniformly mixing to obtain the compound fertilizer.
Tartaric acid, oxalic acid, malic acid and citric acid are mixed according to the mass ratio of 3:2:2:2, uniformly mixing to obtain a biological organic acid preparation; soil urease, soil phosphatase and soil cellulase are mixed according to the mass ratio of 3:2:2, uniformly mixing to obtain a soil enzyme preparation; bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium, bacillus mucilaginosus and mycorrhizal fungi are mixed according to the mass ratio of 2:4:6:4, uniformly mixing to obtain a soil probiotics preparation; the biological organic acid preparation, the soil enzyme preparation and the soil probiotics preparation are mixed according to the mass ratio of 3:3:3.5, uniformly mixing to obtain the plant root promoter.
Uniformly mixing 40kg of composite organic matters, 3kg of composite fertilizer and 2kg of plant root growth promoting agent to obtain a mixture A; uniformly mixing 2kg of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and 0.2kg of polyacrylamide to obtain a mixture B; 910.8kg of composite soil matrix and 40kg of composite plant fiber are uniformly mixed to obtain a mixture C; and uniformly mixing the mixture A, the mixture B, the mixture C and 2kg of SF soil aggregate (manufactured by Guangxi Zhongxing ecological garden Co., ltd.) to obtain the spray-seeding greening matrix.
Preparing a part of spray-seeding greening matrix according to the above-mentioned condition, then adding plant seed (the adding quantity of plant seed on the rock slope is 9g/m 2 The plant seeds are pigeonpea, persia crenata and festuca arundinacea, and the mass ratio of the pigeonpea to the Persia crenata to the festuca arundinacea is 4:3: 2) Obtaining the spray-seeding greening matrix containing plant seeds.
Clearing copper mine stope slope (rock slope, average) of copper mountain mouth in Dayu cityAfter loose stone blocks and sundries with the gradient of 40-45 degrees and the average elevation of 15-18 m are paved on the slope surface and nailed (galvanized diamond iron wires are selected for paving, the meshes are 5 multiplied by 5cm, the aperture is formed)(14 #) extending to the top of the slope for 90cm, pressing the pile nails by adopting C25 concrete after fixing, keeping the distance between the net sheet and the slope for 8cm, supporting by using a cushion block, and binding the net sheets by using 18# iron wires; the anchor nails of the nail net are phi 16 steel bars, the anchor nail distance is set to be 0.8m, the length of the main anchor nail is 0.8m, the length of the auxiliary anchor nail is 0.5m, the length of the exposed section is 0.15m, then the spray-seeding greening matrix and the spray-seeding greening matrix containing plant seeds are respectively sieved (the sieve holes are 1.5 cm), then the spray-seeding greening matrix is sprayed onto a slope (the spraying thickness is 15 cm), standing is carried out for 2h, then the spray-seeding greening matrix containing plant seeds (the spraying thickness is 3 cm), after the spray-seeding is finished, a reinforced three-dimensional net pad formed by thermally bonding a golgi steel wire net surface with the tensile strength of 40kN/m and polypropylene materials with the polymer strength of 0.4kN/m is paved on the surface layer, and the anchor net is fixed on the slope by using an anchoring system.
Example 3
The loess having 4% of sand, 20% of water content, 1.4cm of grain size, 4% of sand, 16% of water content and 1.5cm of grain size was prepared by a soil crushing and screening hopper according to a mass ratio of 5:5, uniformly mixing, piling, covering a black plastic film, and balancing for 1 week to obtain the composite soil matrix.
Sludge cake with the grain size of 0.63mm (purchased from the local farm market and the water content of 20%), peat soil (purchased from the local farm market and the water content of 30%) and phosphorus humate are mixed according to the mass ratio of 3:7:5, uniformly mixing, piling up, covering with a black plastic film for 1 week to obtain the composite organic matter.
The method comprises the following steps of (1) mixing cogongrass, reeds and straws with the length of 2cm according to a mass ratio of 3:4:2, uniformly mixing, piling up, spraying water on the surface of the piled up to preserve moisture, and obtaining the composite plant fiber.
The method comprises the following steps of (by weight percent) mixing 25% of zinc sulfate, 22% of borax, 13% of ammonium molybdate, 8% of manganese sulfate, 14% of ferrous sulfate and 18% of copper sulfate according to a mass ratio of 4:5:3, uniformly mixing to obtain the compound fertilizer.
Tartaric acid, oxalic acid, malic acid and citric acid are mixed according to the mass ratio of 2.5:2.5:3:3, uniformly mixing to obtain a biological organic acid preparation; soil urease, soil phosphatase and soil cellulase are mixed according to the mass ratio of 2.5:3:2.5, uniformly mixing to obtain a soil enzyme preparation; bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium, bacillus mucilaginosus and mycorrhizal fungi are mixed according to the mass ratio of 3:3:5:3, uniformly mixing to obtain a soil probiotics preparation; the biological organic acid preparation, the soil enzyme preparation and the soil probiotics preparation are mixed according to the mass ratio of 4:3.5:2.5, uniformly mixing to obtain the plant root promoter.
Uniformly mixing 35kg of composite organic matters, 3kg of composite fertilizer and 2kg of plant root growth promoting agent to obtain a mixture A; uniformly mixing 1kg of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and 0.1kg of polyacrylamide to obtain a mixture B; 919.9kg of composite soil matrix and 37kg of composite plant fiber are uniformly mixed to obtain a mixture C; and uniformly mixing the mixture A, the mixture B, the mixture C and 2kg of SF soil aggregate (manufactured by Guangxi Zhongxing ecological garden Co., ltd.) to obtain the spray-seeding greening matrix.
Preparing a part of spray-seeding greening matrix according to the above-mentioned condition, then adding plant seed (the adding quantity of plant seed on the rock slope is 9g/m 2 The plant seeds are pigeonpea, persia crenata and festuca arundinacea, and the mass ratio of the pigeonpea to the Persia crenata to the festuca arundinacea is 2:4: 3) Obtaining the spray-seeding greening matrix containing plant seeds.
Removing loose stones and impurities on the surface of a large metallurgical mountain shop iron mine slope (rock slope with average gradient of 30-35 degrees and average elevation of 6-8 m), and then paving and nailing the surface with a net (galvanized diamond iron wire is selected for paving, meshes are 5 multiplied by 5cm, and aperture)(14 #) extending to the slope top for 85cm, pressing the pile nails by adopting C25 concrete after fixing, keeping the distance between the net sheet and the slope surface for 6cm, supporting by using a cushion block, and binding the net sheets by using 18# iron wires; the anchor of the nailing net adopts phi 16 steelThe method comprises the steps of arranging 0.9m of ribs and anchors at intervals, enabling a main anchor to be 0.5m long, enabling a subsidiary anchor to be 0.3m long and enabling an exposed section to be 0.5m long, sieving a spray-seeding greening matrix and a spray-seeding greening matrix containing plant seeds respectively (with sieve holes of 1.5 cm), spraying the spray-seeding greening matrix onto a slope (with spraying thickness of 15 cm), standing for 1.5h, spraying the spray-seeding greening matrix containing the plant seeds (with spraying thickness of 5 cm), and after spraying, paving a reinforced three-dimensional net pad formed by thermally bonding a Golgi steel wire net surface with tensile strength of 50kN/m and a polypropylene material with polymer strength of 0.5kN/m on the surface layer, and fixing the reinforced three-dimensional net pad on the slope by using an anchoring system.
Example 4
The preparation of the composite soil matrix, the composite organic matter, the composite plant fiber, the composite fertilizer, the plant root accelerator, the soil water-retaining agent, the soil binder and the soil aggregate is the same as in example 1.
Uniformly mixing 40kg of composite organic matters, 2kg of composite fertilizer and 1.5kg of plant root growth promoting agent to obtain a mixture A; uniformly mixing 1.5kg of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and 0.2kg of polyacrylamide to obtain a mixture B; uniformly mixing 920kg of composite soil matrix and 32.3kg of composite plant fibers to obtain a mixture C; and uniformly mixing the mixture A, the mixture B, the mixture C and 2.5kg of SF soil aggregate (manufactured by Guangxi Zhongxing ecological garden Co., ltd.) to obtain the spray-seeding greening matrix.
Preparing a part of spray-seeding greening matrix according to the above-mentioned condition, then adding plant seed (the adding quantity of plant seed on the rock slope is 8g/m 2 The plant seeds are pigeonpea, persia crenata and festuca arundinacea, and the mass ratio of the pigeonpea to the Persia crenata to the festuca arundinacea is 4:2: 2) Obtaining the spray-seeding greening matrix containing plant seeds.
Removing loose stones and sundries on the surface of a mountain stope slope (rock slope with average gradient of 55-58 degrees and average elevation of 20-25 m) of the mountain limestone mine of the rest of Yangxincounty, and then paving and nailing the loose stones and sundries on the slope (galvanized diamond iron wire is selected for paving, the meshes are 5 multiplied by 5cm, the aperture is 5 cm)(14 #) extending 110cm to the slope top, and fixing the pile nails by adopting C25 mixingPressing the concrete, keeping the distance between the net pieces and the slope surface at 10cm, supporting by using a cushion block, and binding the net pieces by using 18# iron wires; the anchor nails of the nail net are phi 16 steel bars, the anchor nail distance is set to be 0.7m, the length of the main anchor nail is 1.0m, the length of the auxiliary anchor nail is 0.5m, the length of the exposed section is 0.2m, then the spray-seeding greening matrix and the spray-seeding greening matrix containing plant seeds are respectively sieved (the sieve holes are 1.5 cm), then the spray-seeding greening matrix is sprayed onto a slope (the spraying thickness is 16 cm), standing is carried out for 2h, then the spray-seeding greening matrix containing the plant seeds (the spraying thickness is 4 cm), after the spray-seeding is finished, a reinforced three-dimensional net pad formed by thermally bonding a golgi steel wire net surface with the tensile strength of 50kN/m and polypropylene material with the polymer strength of 0.5kN/m is paved on the surface layer, and the anchor net is fixed on the slope by using an anchoring system.
Comparative example 1
The mass ratio of the sludge cake, the peat soil and the calcium humate prepared in example 1 to the composite organic matter is modified to be 2:8:4, the mass ratio of the cogongrass, the reeds and the straws for preparing the composite plant fiber is modified to be 3:6:1, the other conditions are unchanged.
Comparative example 2
The mass ratio of loam and loess of the composite soil matrix prepared in example 1 was modified to 5:8, the mass ratio of the monopotassium phosphate, the ammonium bicarbonate and the trace element fertilizer for preparing the compound fertilizer is modified to be 4:1:7, other conditions are unchanged.
Comparative example 3
The mass ratio of tartaric acid, oxalic acid, malic acid and citric acid for the preparation of the bio-organic acid formulation in example 1 was modified to 2:5:6:5, modifying the mass ratio of the biological organic acid preparation, the soil enzyme preparation and the soil probiotics preparation for preparing the plant root accelerator to 3:7: and 6, omitting polyacrylamide, and keeping other conditions unchanged.
Comparative example 4
The amount of the composite organic matter used for preparing the spray-seeding greening matrix in example 1 was adjusted to 70kg, the amount of the composite soil matrix was adjusted to 872.7kg, and other conditions were unchanged.
Comparative example 5
The spray thickness of the spray greening substrate in example 1 was modified to 10cm, and the spray greening substrate comprised of plant seedsThe spray thickness is modified to be 10cm, and the addition amount of plant seeds on a rock slope is modified to be 15g/m 2 Other conditions are unchanged.
After 3 months, the vegetation coverage of the areas of examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 5 was calculated, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 results of vegetation coverage for the areas where examples 1-4 and comparative examples 1-5 were performed
As can be seen from Table 1, the spray-seeding greening matrix prepared by the invention is applied to rock slope greening with a gradient of less than 60 degrees, has vigorous plant growth vigor and high vegetation coverage rate which can reach 96.85 percent, and shows that the spray-seeding greening matrix has strong water retention performance, high organic matter content, good air permeability, high content of available nutrients and uniform aggregate structure.
As is clear from example 1 and comparative examples 1 to 5: the invention prepares the spray-seeding greening matrix suitable for the rock slope with the gradient less than 60 degrees by reasonably controlling the dosage proportion of each component of the spray-seeding greening matrix.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The spray-seeding greening matrix is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in percentage by weight:
90 to 92 percent of composite soil matrix, 2 to 4 percent of composite organic matter, 3 to 5 percent of composite plant fiber, 0.1 to 0.3 percent of composite fertilizer, 0.1 to 0.2 percent of plant root promoting agent, 0.1 to 0.2 percent of soil water retaining agent, 0.01 to 0.03 percent of soil adhesive and 0.2 to 0.3 percent of soil aggregate.
2. The spray-seeding greening matrix according to claim 1, wherein the composite soil matrix is loam and loess;
in the loam and loess, the sand content is 3-5% independently, the water content is 15-20% independently, the particle size of the loam and loess is 1.4-1.6 cm independently, and the mass ratio of the loam to the loess is 5:4 to 6.
3. The spray-seeding greening matrix according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the composite organic matter is sludge cake, peat soil and humic acid;
the water content of the sludge cake is 18-23%, the grain diameter of the sludge cake is 0.6-0.65 mm, the water content of peat soil is 27-32%, humic acid is one or more of calcium humate, magnesium humate and phosphorus humate, and the mass ratio of the sludge cake, peat soil and humic acid is 1-3: 5 to 7:5 to 7.
4. A spray-seeding greening matrix according to claim 3, wherein the composite plant fibers are basjoo, reed and straw;
the lengths of the cogongrass, the reed and the straw are independently 1-3 cm, and the mass ratio of the cogongrass to the reed to the straw is 3:2 to 4:2 to 4.
5. The spray-seeding greening matrix according to claim 4, wherein the compound fertilizer is monopotassium phosphate, ammonium bicarbonate and trace element fertilizer;
the mass ratio of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate to the ammonium bicarbonate to the trace element fertilizer is 4:3 to 5:3 to 5;
the trace element fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 15-25% of zinc sulfate, 20-25% of borax, 12-18% of ammonium molybdate, 7-9% of manganese sulfate, 8-15% of ferrous sulfate and 16-18% of copper sulfate.
6. The spray-seeding greening matrix according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the plant root growth promoting agent is a biological organic acid formulation, a soil enzyme formulation and a soil probiotic formulation;
the mass ratio of the biological organic acid preparation to the soil enzyme preparation to the soil probiotics preparation is 3-4: 3 to 3.5:2.5 to 3.5;
the biological organic acid preparation is tartaric acid, oxalic acid, malic acid and citric acid; the mass ratio of tartaric acid to oxalic acid to malic acid to citric acid is 2-3: 2-3: 2-3: 2 to 3;
the soil enzyme preparation is soil urease, soil phosphatase and soil cellulase; the mass ratio of the soil urease to the soil phosphatase to the soil cellulase is 2-3: 2-3: 2 to 3;
the soil probiotics preparation is bacillus subtilis, bacillus megatherium, bacillus mucilaginosus and mycorrhizal fungi; the mass ratio of the bacillus subtilis, the bacillus megaterium, the bacillus mucilaginosus and the mycorrhizal fungi is 2-4: 2 to 4:4 to 6:2 to 4.
7. The spray seeding greening matrix according to claim 6, wherein the soil water retaining agent is sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, the soil binder is polyacrylamide, and the soil aggregate is SF soil aggregate.
8. The method for preparing the spray-seeding greening matrix according to any one of claims 1 to 7, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Mixing the composite organic matter, the composite fertilizer and the plant root promoting agent to obtain a mixture A;
2) Mixing a soil water-retaining agent and a soil adhesive to obtain a mixture B;
3) Mixing the composite soil matrix with the composite plant fiber to obtain a mixture C;
4) And mixing the mixture A, the mixture B, the mixture C and the soil aggregate to obtain the spray-seeding greening matrix.
9. Use of a spray-sown greening matrix according to any of claims 1 to 7 in a rocky slope, characterized in that the spray-sown greening matrix and the spray-sown greening matrix comprising plant seeds are sprayed onto the rocky slope in sequence.
10. The use of a spray-sown greening matrix in rocky slopes according to claim 9, wherein the spray thickness of the spray-sown greening matrix is 14-16 cm and the spray thickness of the spray-sown greening matrix containing plant seeds is 3-5 cm;
the addition amount of plant seeds on the rock slope is 8-10 g/m 2 The plant seeds are semen Cajani, flos Matricariae Chamomillae and festuca arundinacea; the mass ratio of the pigeonpea to the Persian chrysanthemum to the fescue is 2-5: 2 to 4:2 to 3.
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