CN103265355A - Plant growth matrix with high water retention for spray seeding revegetation and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Plant growth matrix with high water retention for spray seeding revegetation and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Landscapes
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a plant growth matrix with high water retention for spray seeding revegetation and a preparation method thereof. The plant growth matrix comprises an upper layer and a lower layer, wherein the lower layer is a plant growth matrix layer, and the upper layer is an organic matter covering layer covered on the plant growth matrix layer. According to the invention, perlite and montmorillonite with high hydroscopicity are applied to modification of the matrix for spray seeding revegetation, an organic matter is used to cover the surface of the plant growth matrix, a preparation process for the matrix is optimized, and thus, the disadvantage that moisture in a common matrix easily volatilizes is improved; the matrix for spray seeding revegetation has good adhesion, can be firmly attached on the surface of a bare rock side slope, well absorbs and maintains moisture, uninterruptedly provides moisture and nutrient elements needed by plant growth, guarantees revegetation of the side slope and has the advantages of low cost and easiness in manufacturing. Through implementation of a technical scheme in the invention, it is overcome that vegetation easily dies from drought after spray seeding of nonlocal soil on a side slope in an arid rainless region in China.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to plant growth medium and water-retaining method thereof, relate in particular to a kind of plant growth medium and preparation and water-retaining method of being used for spraying and seeding afforesting with high-moisture-retention, can be widely used in technical fields such as recovering plant cover of mine, territory greening, public works, road and bridge engineering, agricultural planting.
Background technology
Slope vegetation protection is exactly with the plant protection side slope of living, to alleviate domatic unstable and erosion damage.Slope vegetation protection method the earliest is for the shore protection of river levee and the improvement in deserted mountain, the hydraulic pressure spraying sowing technology that begins one's study the thirties in 20th century, and be used for agricultural and road slope engineering.The greening side slope starting of Japan early, its dominant ideas are " build with greening and carry out synchronously ", 20th century 70, the eighties, Japan has developed multiple " spraying greening " operating technique at rock slope in succession, can be applicable to the steeper soft rock of the gradient, hard rock side slope and acidity, strongly-acid soil-slope.In Japan, method for greening side slope commonly used has reinforced concrete box planting method, volume shop planting method, belt to move native planting method, fiber greening method, ecological cellular concrete greening method, thick-layer matrix injection greening method etc.In recent years, China began to use for reference advanced foreign technology and successful experience, changed from traditional greening modes such as grass-seed, turfing of spreading progressively that modern hydraulic pressure is sowed grass seeds by duster, geotechnological gauze pad grass planting into, novel greening guard technologies such as turf grass planting.These technology are the integration engineering technology that integrate multidisciplinary, and their application has improved the quick surviving rate of soil property, rock side slope grass planting and highway, railway whole landscape effect along the line to a great extent.
In recent years, side slope vegetation ecological recovery technology is popularized on a large scale, all kinds of slope vegetation protection technology are applied to infrastructure projects construction such as road engineering, hydroelectric development, mining, public works, are used for a large amount of exposed rock side slope that the recovery project process of construction forms.The rock side slope that occurs in the engineering construction has the advantages that the gradient is steep, the surface is hard, land occupation condition is abominable, easily causes soil erosion, and natural landscape is destroyed, and region environment worsens.Being accompanied by China's urbanization paces accelerates, the capital construction fast development, particularly the construction of national high-grade highway net carries out, original vegetation is destroyed in the peripheral region, produced a large amount of exposed slope of rock mass, if untimely improvement has not only influenced the ecotope view, also destroyed the balance of nature of this area, some is domatic even have serious geologic hazards hidden danger.
Some unit in charge of construction has taked multiple governance approach at rock side slope, but owing to be subjected to the restriction of technique means, weather condition etc., engineering effort is unsatisfactory.The method for greening side slope that patent CN 201210211584.8 announces, be by to fix a plurality of short U-shaped steel nails fixing domatic domatic, smear soil paste by the shotcrete machine spray then and form the cultivation soil layer, characteristics such as that this greening method has is simple to operate, security and stable height, but this method does not reach the effect that side slope continues greening.Patent CN 201010505321.9 discloses a kind of method that adopts three dimensional network hydraulic pressure alien earth sparging method to carry out completely decomposed siltstone slope greening, this invention is conducive to fast quick-recovery slope vegetation and covers, improve survival rate and the stability of rock side slope artificial plant group, but because the rock side slope condition is relatively poor, use the three dimensional network technology owing to can't change domatic edaphic condition, plant mortality ratio height can not reach good greening and slope protection effect.
Summary of the invention
Be necessary to research and develop a kind of new medium for addressing the above problem, make it that good protection effect not only be arranged, and good water-retaining property, cost is low, and application suits large area to popularize.The invention provides a kind of water-retaining method that is suitable for spraying and seeding afforesting matrix, its objective is China's arid area slope Revegetation weak effect short of rain, the problem of native side slope inferior and naked rock vegetation on slope difficulty of solving.The present invention utilizes vegetation ecological scientific principle opinion basis, has set up a kind of water conservation technology that is suitable for spraying and seeding afforesting matrix.Relate to bank protection and planted the proportioning of living matrix and the selection of bank protection plant, overcome the contradiction between simple engineering bank protection and the environmental destruction, reach the effect of beautifying the environment, promote that the eubiosis is recovered simultaneously, for erosion control and the restoration of the ecosystem of all kinds of side slopes of China provides new engineering and method.
The technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of preparation method with plant growth medium that is used for spraying and seeding afforesting of high-moisture-retention: carry out as follows:
1. at first prepare a kind of association of soil thing, the components by weight percent of this association of soil thing comprises clayey soil, perlite, montmorillonite, organic matter, mixes thoroughly.
2. in association of soil thing, add slow-release fertilizer, stablizer then, mix thoroughly.
3. implantation temperature slowly adds the granule agent of prescription quantity then at 15 ℃ ~ 30 ℃ clear water in another container, evenly stirs 10 ~ 20 minutes, makes an agent solution.
4. add water after association of soil thing, an agent solution and the plant seed that makes being mixed and stir, make the muddy spraying and seeding afforesting matrix with crumb structure, re-use spray seeder with on its zone to be afforested of sowing grass seeds by duster, form hypothallus;
5. sow grass seeds by duster the back at the thick water conservation layer of hypothallus covering one deck 10～30mm of aforementioned region formation;
6. observe the growing way situation of the back plant of sowing grass seeds by duster.
The volume parts of described each component of hypothallus is: clayey soil 30 ~ 38, perlite 15 ~ 20, montmorillonite 13 ~ 19, organic matter 36 ~ 40, slow-release fertilizer 3, stablizer 1 ~ 3, an agent 0.35 ~ 0.85, plant seed 0.5 ~ 3, clear water 36 ~ 45.
Described water conservation layer adopts and becomes thoroughly decomposed straw as tectum, and cover thickness is about 10～30mm.
Described clayey soil is deep layer mineral substance soil, and the volumn concentration of viscosity grogs is greater than 60%; The content volume percentage composition of soil colloid is greater than 30%; Cation exchange capacity is greater than 15me/100g; Specific conductivity is between 0.35 ~ 2.8ms/cm.
Described perlitic diameter is 1 ~ 5mm.
The cation exchange capacity of described montmorillonite is greater than 65me/100g.
Described slow-release fertilizer is composite fertilizer special and calcium superphosphate, and composite fertilizer special and calcium superphosphate volume ratio are 1:1, and composite fertilizer special is the fertilizer that contains nitrogen phosphorus, potassium nutrition, and wherein the weight ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is 13:10:10.
Described stablizer is cationic emulsified bitumen, and its effect is the crumb structure lasting stability that makes the spraying and seeding afforesting matrix of preparation, and can form the stable film of one deck on the matrix top layer, has the effect of resistance of rainwater washing against and inhibition moisture evaporation.
Described granule agent is polyacrylic ester, has the slurry mixture of making granuleization reaction takes place, and allows the matrix formation crumb structure of sowing grass seeds by duster.
Described water conservation layer comprises organic matter and tackiness agent, and organic straw for becoming thoroughly decomposed is through the fermenting raw materials gained, adopts conventional zymotechnique; Tackiness agent can be glued together loose organic matter, is convenient to sow grass seeds by duster on domatic with spray gun, and the domatic back difficult drop-off of going up of sowing grass seeds by duster.Advantage of the present invention and effect: the modification that perlite and the montmorillonite of high-hydroscopicity applied to spraying and seeding afforesting matrix, also use organic matter and cover the plant growth medium surface, and by to the matrix optimization of preparation, the shortcoming that common water supply in media volatilizees easily is improved.
This spraying and seeding afforesting matrix has good attaching, can firmly be attached to naked rock side slope surface, can be good at absorbing and keeping moisture simultaneously, the continual required moisture of plant-growth and the nutritive element of providing, for slope vegetation restoration provides safeguard, and with low cost, make simple.
Lightweight characteristics when perlite has saturated suction efficiently solve the Load Problems of hillside fields structure, and the material of avoiding sowing grass seeds by duster is overweight and peel off; Montmorillonite has admixtures such as the strong and silt of water absorbability and has plasticity-and cohesiveness; Organic tectum has water-absorbent and prevents the characteristic of moisture evaporation.
By the enforcement of technical solution of the present invention, can solve China arid area slope alien earth sparging short of rain well after, vegetation subjects to drought stress and dead problem.
Embodiment
Embodiment one, company of Baogang (group) tailing dam slope vegetation restoration engineering:
This engineering is domatic to be that sandy soil and mine tailing doping mixed type are domatic, and soil condition is poor, and peripheral weather condition are abominable, and arid is short of rain, and wind-force is bigger.We take following method to carry out spraying and seeding afforesting for this reason.
(1) slope surface treatment: the artificial danger stone on surface, loose stone and other weeds and the waste removed, guarantee slope leveling.
(2) domatic shaping: in the bigger location of grade of side slope, adopt machinery or manually cut the slope, make the gradient be suitable for sowing grass seeds by duster operation and plant-growth.
(3) lay wire netting: lapping from bottom to top, the lap length between the wire netting is not little 10 centimetres, adopts anchoring piece that wire netting is fixed.
(4) sow grass seeds by duster base material and seed: the clear water that will prepare in proportion, plant growth medium and seed add the spray seeder feed bin, and (about 8 minutes) stir; The granule agent solution that will prepare subsequently injects the spray seeder feed bin, and (about 3 minutes) stir; Then substratum is sowed grass seeds by duster domatic on, form hypothallus.The material mixture ratio of this substratum (hypothallus) is as follows:
Clayey soil 35%; Perlite 30%; Montmorillonite 18%; Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae (becoming thoroughly decomposed) 35%; Stablizer 1%; Slow-release fertilizer 3%; Granule agent 0.65%; Clear water 40%; Plant seed 1.5%.
Wherein, the proportioning of plant seed is: locust tree, 7g; Torch, 5g; Caragana microphylla, 4g; False indigo, 6g; Stem or leaf of Shrub Lespedeza, 5g; The family elm, 5g; White thorn, 4g; Arrow-leaved oleaster, 12g; Alfalfa, 8g.
(5) the water conservation layer of sowing grass seeds by duster: with spray seeder Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae (becoming thoroughly decomposed) is sowed grass seeds by duster on the surface of base material and Seed Layer, form the water conservation layer of thick 10～30mm.
(6) maintenance management: patent of the present invention has adopted advanced water conservation technology, and later stage water seasoning cost is reduced greatly, only need water a spot of water and just can guarantee the germination of seed, emerge and growth of seedlings.
Construct after 1 year, domatic plant community forms, and vegetation is in great numbers, and the height of part arbor such as locust tree, elm is above 2 meters.
Embodiment two,
The substratum material mixture ratio of adjusting among the embodiment one is as follows:
Clayey soil 33%; Perlite 32%; Montmorillonite 2 0%; Rice husk (becoming thoroughly decomposed) 35%; Stablizer 1.2%; Slow-release fertilizer 4%; Granule agent 0.6%; Clear water 38%; Plant seed 2%.
Wherein, the proportioning of plant seed is: locust tree, 7g; Torch, 5g; Caragana microphylla, 4g; False indigo, 6g; Stem or leaf of Shrub Lespedeza, 5g; The family elm, 5g; White thorn, 4g; Arrow-leaved oleaster, 12g; Alfalfa, 8g.
(1) slope surface treatment: the artificial danger stone on surface, loose stone and other weeds and the waste removed, guarantee slope leveling.
(2) domatic shaping: in the bigger location of grade of side slope, adopt machinery or manually cut the slope, make the gradient be suitable for sowing grass seeds by duster operation and plant-growth.
(3) lay wire netting: lapping from bottom to top, the lap length between the wire netting is not little 10 centimetres, adopts anchoring piece that wire netting is fixed.
(4) sow grass seeds by duster base material and seed: the clear water that will prepare in proportion, plant growth medium and seed add the spray seeder feed bin, and (about 8 minutes) stir; The granule agent solution that will prepare subsequently injects the spray seeder feed bin, and (about 3 minutes) stir; Then substratum is sowed grass seeds by duster domatic on, form hypothallus.
(5) the water conservation layer of sowing grass seeds by duster: with spray seeder rice husk (becoming thoroughly decomposed) is sowed grass seeds by duster on the surface of base material and Seed Layer, form the water conservation layer of thick 10～30mm.
(6) maintenance management: patent of the present invention has adopted advanced water conservation technology, and later stage water seasoning cost is reduced greatly, only need water a spot of water and just can guarantee the germination of seed, emerge and growth of seedlings.
Construct after 1 year, domatic plant community forms, and vegetation is in great numbers.
Claims (10)
1. the plant growth medium that is used for spraying and seeding afforesting with high-moisture-retention is characterized in that comprise hypothallus and water conservation layer, the hypothallus of being made up of plant growth medium is positioned at lower floor, covers the water conservation layer at hypothallus.
2. the plant growth medium that is used for spraying and seeding afforesting with high-moisture-retention according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described hypothallus comprises clayey soil, perlite, montmorillonite, organic matter, slow-release fertilizer, stablizer, an agent, plant seed and clear water.
3. the plant growth medium that is used for spraying and seeding afforesting with high-moisture-retention according to claim 2, it is characterized in that the parts by weight of each component are in the described hypothallus: clayey soil 30 ~ 38, perlite 15 ~ 20, montmorillonite 13 ~ 19, organic matter 36 ~ 40, slow-release fertilizer 3, stablizer 1 ~ 3, an agent 0.35 ~ 0.85, plant seed 0.5 ~ 3, clear water 36 ~ 45.
4. the plant growth medium that is used for spraying and seeding afforesting with high-moisture-retention according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described clayey soil is deep layer mineral substance soil, the volume ratio of particle in the cohesive soil [particle diameter is the particle of 0.5-3mm] is greater than 60%, the volume content of soil colloid is greater than 30%, cation exchange capacity is greater than 15me/100g, and specific conductivity is between 0.35 ~ 2.8ms/cm.
5. the plant growth medium that is used for spraying and seeding afforesting with high-moisture-retention according to claim 2 is characterized in that described perlitic diameter is 1 ~ 5mm; The cation exchange capacity of described montmorillonite is greater than 65me/100g; Described slow-release fertilizer is composite fertilizer special and calcium superphosphate, and composite fertilizer special and calcium superphosphate volume ratio are 1:1, and composite fertilizer special is the fertilizer that contains nitrogen phosphorus, potassium nutrition, and wherein the weight ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is 13:10:10.
6. the water-retaining method that is suitable for spraying and seeding afforesting matrix according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described stablizer is cationic emulsified bitumen, its effect is the crumb structure lasting stability that makes the spraying and seeding afforesting matrix of preparation, and can form the stable film of one deck on the matrix top layer, have the effect of resistance of rainwater washing against and inhibition moisture evaporation.
7. the water-retaining method that is suitable for spraying and seeding afforesting matrix according to claim 2 is characterized in that, described granule agent is polyacrylic ester, has the slurry mixture of making granuleization reaction takes place, and allows the matrix formation crumb structure of sowing grass seeds by duster.
8. the water-retaining method that is suitable for spraying and seeding afforesting matrix according to claim 2 is characterized in that, described plant seed is: locust tree, and torch, caragana microphylla, false indigo, Stem or leaf of Shrub Lespedeza; The family elm, white thorn, arrow-leaved oleaster and alfalfa; Described organic matter is the straw that becomes thoroughly decomposed, and is through the fermenting raw materials gained, adopts conventional zymotechnique.
9. the plant growth medium that is used for spraying and seeding afforesting with high-moisture-retention according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described water conservation layer adopts organic matter and the tackiness agent after the fermentation, and thickness is 10～30mm, and organic blending ratio with tackiness agent is about 25:1:; Described organic matter is the straw that becomes thoroughly decomposed, and is through the fermenting raw materials gained, adopts conventional zymotechnique; Described tackiness agent is a kind of polyacrylamide material, loose organic matter can be glued together, be convenient to sow grass seeds by duster on domatic with spray gun, and the domatic back difficult drop-off of going up of sowing grass seeds by duster.
10. any one described preparation method with plant growth medium that is used for spraying and seeding afforesting of high-moisture-retention of claim 1-9 is characterized in that, carries out as follows:
(1) at first prepare a kind of association of soil thing, this association of soil thing comprises clayey soil, perlite, montmorillonite, organic matter, mixes thoroughly;
(2) in association of soil thing, add slow-release fertilizer, stablizer then, mix thoroughly;
(3) implantation temperature slowly adds the granule agent of prescription quantity then at 15 ℃ ~ 30 ℃ clear water in another container, evenly stirs 10 ~ 20 minutes, makes an agent solution;
(4) stir adding water after the association of soil thing, an agent solution and the plant seed mixing that make, make the muddy spraying and seeding afforesting matrix with crumb structure, re-use spray seeder with on its zone to be afforested of sowing grass seeds by duster, form described hypothallus;
(5) cover the thick water conservation layer of one deck 10～30mm at above-mentioned hypothallus.
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Cited By (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105036639A (en) * | 2015-06-25 | 2015-11-11 | 天津市建筑科学研究院有限公司 | Ecological restoration green plant matrix for abrupt slope reinforcement and preparation method thereof |
| CN105684780A (en) * | 2016-01-29 | 2016-06-22 | 任起亮 | Composition for vertical mountain greening and application thereof |
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| CN114617044A (en) * | 2022-04-01 | 2022-06-14 | 云南金晖建设工程有限公司 | Slope greening spray-seeding matrix and spray-seeding method |
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| CN105036639A (en) * | 2015-06-25 | 2015-11-11 | 天津市建筑科学研究院有限公司 | Ecological restoration green plant matrix for abrupt slope reinforcement and preparation method thereof |
| CN105684780A (en) * | 2016-01-29 | 2016-06-22 | 任起亮 | Composition for vertical mountain greening and application thereof |
| CN106358710A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-01 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | Method for collecting rainwater by use of pine bark stone water storage layer and application thereof in saline-alkali land improvement |
| CN107285858A (en) * | 2017-06-21 | 2017-10-24 | 徐卫东 | A kind of plants and flowers nursery cultivation soil and preparation method thereof |
| CN107318514A (en) * | 2017-06-29 | 2017-11-07 | 汇绿园林建设发展有限公司 | A kind of Sloping roof afforesting matrix stuck-module and preparation method thereof |
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| CN108285399A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-07-17 | 青岛冠中生态股份有限公司 | Matrix and its application method are cultivated for fixing the sand for high altitude localities aeolian accumulation sand ground |
| CN110128189A (en) * | 2018-02-02 | 2019-08-16 | 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 | Improve the preparation method and application of the solid mineral composition of prairie soil fertility |
| CN109169151A (en) * | 2018-09-10 | 2019-01-11 | 杭州市园林绿化股份有限公司 | A kind of rapid-hardening water conservation alien earth sparging substrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN109588192A (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2019-04-09 | 宜昌华林生态工程有限公司 | A kind of vegetation concrete sustained release agent and its preparation method and application |
| CN111662721A (en) * | 2019-03-06 | 2020-09-15 | 河南华美生态环境科技股份有限公司 | Soil structure stabilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN110495285A (en) * | 2019-08-26 | 2019-11-26 | 大连地拓环境科技有限公司 | A kind of granule is sowed grass seeds by duster matrix mixing plant and its operation method |
| CN110915540A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2020-03-27 | 青岛冠中生态股份有限公司 | Slope ecological landscape protection method |
| CN112042322A (en) * | 2020-09-15 | 2020-12-08 | 中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司铁道建筑研究所 | Fiber granule for side slope spray seeding, preparation method and spray seeding method |
| CN112042322B (en) * | 2020-09-15 | 2022-04-08 | 中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司铁道建筑研究所 | Fiber granule for side slope spray seeding, preparation method and spray seeding method |
| CN112753530A (en) * | 2020-12-16 | 2021-05-07 | 青岛理工大学 | Mountain slope protection matrix enhancer, mountain slope protection matrix and mountain slope enhancement method |
| CN113349016A (en) * | 2021-05-18 | 2021-09-07 | 国家能源集团乌海能源有限责任公司 | Soilless vegetation recovery matrix for coal gangue storage yard in northwest cold and arid region and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN113349016B (en) * | 2021-05-18 | 2024-04-02 | 国家能源集团乌海能源有限责任公司 | Soilless vegetation restoration matrix for coal gangue storage yard in northwest cold and arid regions and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN114617044A (en) * | 2022-04-01 | 2022-06-14 | 云南金晖建设工程有限公司 | Slope greening spray-seeding matrix and spray-seeding method |
| CN117882626A (en) * | 2024-02-29 | 2024-04-16 | 湖北省鄂东南基础工程有限公司 | Spray-seeding greening matrix and preparation method and application thereof |
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