CN101144280A - Efflorescence granite slope green safeguard structure system and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Efflorescence granite slope green safeguard structure system and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101144280A CN101144280A CNA2007100504408A CN200710050440A CN101144280A CN 101144280 A CN101144280 A CN 101144280A CN A2007100504408 A CNA2007100504408 A CN A2007100504408A CN 200710050440 A CN200710050440 A CN 200710050440A CN 101144280 A CN101144280 A CN 101144280A
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a granite side slope green protective structural system and the construction method thereof, which are used for the reinforcement protection project of the side slope of the railway, the highway, the water conservancy, the mine, etc. The structural system comprises a water interception skeleton consolidated and distributed along a cut-induced slope surface, and an improved soil dessing layer is backfilled inside the water interception skeleton (20); an earth-fixing mat (21) formed and firmly connected by a connection component and a cut-induced slope surface (10) is covered on the outer surface of an improved soil dessing layer (22), and a grass planting layer (30) formed through a spray planting method is covered inside the grid of the earth-fixing mat (21); shrub (31) is transplanted vertically and horizontally on the improved soil dessing layer (22) with spacing. The structural system can be a good solution to the problems of the scour erosion and the shallow stability of the weathered granite side slope, and the vegetation of the weathered granite side slope can be restored quickly, thereby serving as an effective green protective role. The construction method is serial and standardized, not only being favorable to reducing the project cost, but also being easy to be promoted and applied.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the reinforcement protection engineering of side slopes such as railway, highway, water conservancy, mine, particularly a kind of efflorescence granite slope green safeguard structure system that is used for, and the job practices of this green safeguard structure system.
Background technology
China's south granite weathering crust mainly is distributed in Guangdong, Fujian, Hunan and the southeast, Guangxi, Jiangxi Gan Nan one band.Because of water erosion, granite weathered crust hilly and mountainous land often forms " white sand hilllock " or " red desert " view.Granite includes 2~10mm, thermal expansion coefficient difference and reaches mineral such as 50% quartz and potassic feldspar, and under the situation of high temperature and rainy, the chemical weathering of Mechanical Crushing is very strong, forms the weathered crust of thick 10~20mm even 50mm.Complete granite weathered crust is made up of soil horizon, red soil floor, sand layer, crumb layer and onion weathering layer.The red clay layer quality on weathered crust top is sticking heavy, and by the iron-aluminium oxide gluing, compares with deep sand layer, the crumb layer in bottom to have stronger erosion-resisting characteristics.When railway passes the granite area, often destroyed the red clay layer on top, sand layer, crumb layer are exposed in the air, caused it to produce serious erosion, erosion intensity is 1.0 * 10
4~1.5 * 10
4T/ (km
2* a), that have even up to 2.0 * 10
5~3.0 * 10
5T/ (km
2* a).Slope wash is corroded has directly increased maintenance of way maintenance cost, the influence operation, and worsen railway periphery ecological environment, and cause adverse consequences such as soil erosion, further develop the generation of the disasters such as landslide that can cause the cut slope avalanche.
In recent years, country also begins to pay attention to corresponding ecological construction when strengthening the infrastructure construction dynamics, actively advocates " environment and policy economic, society's coordinated development ".Country also clearly propose " the green channel construction will be carried out under the prerequisite of no potential safety hazard ensureing highway, railway broad view, with highway, railway, water conservancy projects overall planning and with engineering construction Synchronization Design, construction synchronously, examination synchronously.To preferentially do a good job of it the greening of the along the line and emphasis reservoir surrounding area of high-speed railway, highway, national highway, provincial highway, important dykes and dams ".Therefore, the vegetative protection of roadbed side slope obtained very big development in China in recent years with greening, introduce and develop the multiple slope vegetation protection technology that is fit to China's actual conditions, in bank protection plant germplasm resource screening, irritate the grass configuration and plant, sow grass seeds by duster machinery and aspects such as the domestic material of sowing grass seeds by duster, slope vegetation protection construction technology have all obtained certain achievement, and in construction such as traffic, water power, mine, municipal administration, promoted the use, especially in the expressway construction engineering, the slope vegetation protection technology has getting to grout the trend of tradition protection such as flag, whitewashing greatly.
But as a whole, domestic research to the green protection of granite roadbed side slope still is confined to side slope of embankment and completely decomposed and severely-weathered granite cut slope, and research is also more scattered, and many problems still end solve preferably.For example, how to realize the long-time stability evaluation method of granite rock side slope under the diversity of slope plant group and stability that how durability, side slope vegetation influence granite slope, the vegetative protection condition, suitable guard technology of dissimilar granite slopes etc. effectively.These problems do not solve, and make slope vegetation protection many problems occur in the granite roadbed side slope is used.For example the green preventive works of the suitable expressway slope of fork-like farm tool used in ancient China mainly adopt ecological protection methods such as mortar flag stone skeleton grass planting, turfing.According to building up " Invest, Then Investigate " more than a year, problem aspect following two has mainly appearred in the slope green preventive works in some highway sections: the one, and the stability of the part shallow-layer soil body and backfill soil moved in to improve the original is not enough, some cut slopes shallow-layer occurred in rainy season and have collapsed, directly be overlying on the earth-fixing mat after the granite of employing completely decomposed adds fertilizer in its window formula skeleton, and granite completely decomposed layer is low because of clay content, cementability is very poor, so the soil moved in to improve the original of the backfill phenomenon that collapses in the skeleton; The 2nd, plant undergrowth, its mountain, top layer of decomposed rock granite cut slope of new excavation mostly is barren parent rock or negative soil greatly, and these ground generally are not suitable for settling down rapidly of most adventitious plants and grow.Because former soil layer is not improved in the skeleton, directly carries out advantitious plant, turfing etc. on this barren table soil, the phenomenon of plant undergrowth then often occurs, perhaps turf is withered and yellow soon, dead, causes the ecological protection failure.
Summary of the invention
One of technical problem to be solved by this invention provides a kind of efflorescence granite slope green safeguard structure system, this structural system can solve washing away of efflorescence granite slope well and corrode and the shallow-layer stable problem, and the vegetation that recovers efflorescence granite slope rapidly, thereby play effective green ecological protective action.
The present invention solves this technical problem the technical scheme that is adopted: efflorescence granite slope green safeguard structure system of the present invention, comprise along domatic distribution of excavation and the fixed with it skeleton that intercepts water, and it is characterized in that: backfill improvement soil moved in to improve the original layer in the described skeleton that intercepts water; Improvement soil moved in to improve the original layer appearance is coated with by connecting elements and the domatic earth-fixing mat that forms a fixed connection of excavation, is coated with the grass planting layer that forms by sowing grass seeds by duster in the grid of earth-fixing mat; Vertical on the improvement soil moved in to improve the original layer, lateral separation transplanting has shrub.
Technical problem in addition to be solved by this invention provides a kind of job practices of efflorescence granite slope green safeguard structure system.This method comprises the steps:
1. smooth excavation is domatic, removes danger stone, loosens the soil, fills up pit; 2. the skeleton that intercepts water construction is excavated the rectangle foundation trench from bottom to top and is built the skeleton that intercepts water by laying bricks or stones in that excavation is domatic, and bottom surface, the side of intercept water skeleton and rectangle foundation trench are closely connected; 3. hang earth-fixing mat, in the skeleton that intercepts water, earth-fixing mat is spread out leveling from the top down, the periphery of earth-fixing mat and inner by connecting elements and domatic the fixedlying connected of excavation; 4. backfill improvement soil moved in to improve the original layer will make its external surface smooth-going with skeleton and his like water surface that intercepts water with the improvement backfilling new soil of water-wet in the skeleton that intercepts water.5. by the spray seeder grass planting layer of evenly sowing grass seeds by duster; 6. transplant shrub, along improvement soil moved in to improve the original layer vertically, the lateral separation transplants, shrub is that annual, plant height is not less than 30cm.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows that this structure physical efficiency solves washing away of efflorescence granite slope well and corrodes and the shallow-layer stable problem, and efflorescence granite recovers the vegetation of side slope rapidly, thereby plays effective green ecological protective action.Job practices is complete and standardize, and has both helped reducing construction costs, and has been easy to apply.
Description of drawings
This manual comprises following two width of cloth accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of efflorescence granite slope green safeguard structure system of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the enlarged diagram of A part among Fig. 1.
Component, position and numbering among the figure: excavate domatic 10, the skeleton 20 that intercepts water, earth-fixing mat 21, improvement soil moved in to improve the original layer 22, catchwater 23, grass planting layer 30, shrub 31.
The specific embodiment
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
With reference to Fig. 1, efflorescence granite slope green safeguard structure system of the present invention, comprise along excavation domatic 10 and distributing and the fixed with it skeleton 20 that intercepts water, backfill improvement soil moved in to improve the original layer 22 in the described skeleton 20 that intercepts water, improvement soil moved in to improve the original layer 22 appearance are coated with by connecting elements and excavation domatic 10 earth-fixing mats that form a fixed connection 21, be coated with the grass planting layer 30 that forms by sowing grass seeds by duster in the grid of earth-fixing mat 21, vertical on the improvement soil moved in to improve the original layer 22, lateral separation transplanting has shrub 31.
For solving the stability problem on the shallow top layer of decomposed granite side slope, as the case may be, described excavation domatic 10 can adopt single-stage or multistage excavation, and sloping height≤10m at different levels, ratio of slope are not suddenly in 1: 1.25.With reference to Fig. 1, slope top or at different levelsly should be provided with catchwater 23 between domatic is to reduce the rainwash effect.
With reference to Fig. 2, described improvement soil moved in to improve the original layer 22 thickness are 5~8cm, and its external surface is smooth-going with skeleton 20 and his like the water surface that intercepts water.The soil of decomposed granite is highly acid, and pH average is 4.9 3, and organic content is low, on average only is 0.38%, and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content are all very low, and the nutrient wretched insufficiency belongs to barren non-ploughing and plants soil; Moisture constants such as its saturation moisture capacity, capillary moisture capacity, field capacity are lower, and water retention property is bad.Therefore, need suitably improve the normal fertility that to satisfy plant to decomposed granite soil.The present invention determines a kind of preferred mode of ameliorating by a large amount of experiments, and promptly described improvement soil moved in to improve the original layer 22 is to add following material to be improved in the decomposed granite soil that excavates out: composite fertilizer 0.15~0.20kg/m
2, water-loss reducer 0.06~0.08kg/m
2, adhesive 0,02~0.03kg/m
2, organic 0.5~0.8kg/m
2
The compound that described grass planting layer 30 is made up of grass seeds, wood fiber, water-loss reducer, adhesive, fertilizer.By to decomposed granite slope plant type type selecting and phytobiocoenose design studies, the indoor culture that existing floristics is investigated is tested, filter out drought-enduring, impoverishment tolerant, safeguard that the draft do not safeguarded behind the bank protection even, shrub etc. mix the vegetation kind less, described grass seeds preferably adopts one or more in following: paspalum notatum, molasses grass, Bermuda grass, weeping love grass, khuskhus.During described shrub 31 employings are following one or more: new white popinac, Da Ye crotalaria mucronata, shrub lespedeza.
Experiment and experiment show that this said structure physical efficiency solves washing away of efflorescence granite slope well and corrodes and the shallow-layer stable problem, and efflorescence granite recovers the vegetation of side slope rapidly, thereby plays effective green ecological protective action.
The job practices of granite slope green safeguard structure system of the present invention comprises the steps:
1. smooth excavation is domatic 10, removes danger stone, loosens the soil, fills up pit etc.
2. the skeleton 20 that intercepts water is constructed, and excavates the rectangle foundation trench from bottom to top and builds the skeleton 20 that intercepts water by laying bricks or stones at excavation domatic 10, bottom surface, the side closely connected (with reference to Fig. 2) of intercept water skeleton 20 and rectangle foundation trench.
The skeleton 20 that intercepts water can adopt usually builds the slabstone skeleton by laying bricks or stones, and its shape can be herringbone, inverted U, considers from the fastest eliminating rain drop erosion current aspect, should preferably adopt herringbone to build the slabstone skeleton by laying bricks or stones.Skeleton 20 constructions that intercept water are preceding should control stake putting up to point of every skeleton by designing requirement, and the rectangle foundation trench is excavated in the hanging wire setting-out then, and its size is decided according to the skeleton size.Should build the skeleton joining place earlier by laying bricks or stones when building skeleton by laying bricks or stones, build the other parts skeleton again by laying bricks or stones, two skeleton joining places should be in sustained height, should build skeleton from bottom to top one by one by laying bricks or stones during construction.
3. hang earth-fixing mat 21, in the skeleton 20 that intercepts water, earth-fixing mat 21 spread out leveling from the top down, the periphery of earth-fixing mat 21 and inner by connecting elements with excavate domatic 10 and fixedly connected (with reference to Fig. 1).
Earth-fixing mat 21 can preferably adopt the solid native geo-grid of multiple layer, it utilizes 2~3 layers of fine earth worker grids composition to have the compound earth-fixing mat of certain thickness solid, fine earth worker grid hole dimension is between 15~60mm, can make earth material and domatic mixed planting material and side slope surface form one deck can allow growth and development of plants, be difficult for the rock-steady structure layer that washed away by water again, can satisfy the condition that vegetable seeds is taken root, germinateed and grow in its space.The structure of the solid native geo-grid of described multiple layer referring to the patent No. be 200520061807.2, notification number is the utility model patent manual of CN2811397.
Usually, the periphery of earth-fixing mat 21 is fixed with the U sprig that is provided with at interval, and inner steel nail, the gasket assembly that is provided with at interval with vertical, horizontal fixed.
4. backfill improvement soil moved in to improve the original layer 22 will make its external surface smooth-going with skeleton 20 and his like the water surface that intercepts water with the improvement backfilling new soil of water-wet in the skeleton 20 that intercepts water.Usually, improvement soil moved in to improve the original layer 22 thickness are 5~8cm, use spray water before the backfill, surface dust do not occur and dust is advisable with soil.
5. by the spray seeder grass planting layer 30 of evenly sowing grass seeds by duster.
Press the mixed material that design proportion cooperates grass seeds, wood fiber, water-loss reducer, adhesive, fertilizer, coloring agent and water, and evenly spray in domatic by spray seeder.
6. transplant shrub 31, along 22 vertical, the lateral separation transplanting of improvement soil moved in to improve the original layer, shrub 31 is not less than 30cm for annual, plant height.
Afterwards, carry out curing time, should in time water and carry out the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, until grass planting Cheng Ping.
Above-mentioned construction method has complete and normalized characteristics, both has been conducive to reduce construction costs, and And be easy to apply.
Claims (10)
1. efflorescence granite slope green safeguard structure system comprises along excavation domatic (10) distributing and the fixed with it skeleton that intercepts water (20), it is characterized in that: the interior backfill improvement of the described skeleton that intercepts water (20) soil moved in to improve the original layer (22); Improvement soil moved in to improve the original layer (22) appearance is coated with by connecting elements and the earth-fixing mat (21) that excavation domatic (10) forms a fixed connection, and is coated with the grass planting layer (30) that forms by sowing grass seeds by duster in the grid of earth-fixing mat (21); Improvement soil moved in to improve the original layer (22) is gone up vertically, transplant the lateral separation shrub (31).
2. efflorescence granite slope green safeguard structure system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described excavation domatic (10) is a single-stage, and sloping height≤10m, ratio of slope be not suddenly in 1: 1.25, and the top, slope is provided with catchwater (23).
3. efflorescence granite slope green safeguard structure system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described excavation domatic (10) is for multistage, and every grade of sloping height≤10m, ratio of slope be suddenly in 1: 1.25, at different levels domatic between and the top, slope be provided with catchwater (23).
4. efflorescence granite slope green safeguard structure system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described improvement soil moved in to improve the original layer (22) thickness is 5~8cm, and its external surface is smooth-going with skeleton (20) and his like the water surface that intercepts water.
5. efflorescence granite slope green safeguard structure system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described improvement soil moved in to improve the original layer (22) is to add following material to be improved in the decomposed granite soil that excavates out: composite fertilizer 0.15~0.20kg/m
2, water-loss reducer 0.06~0.08kg/m
2, adhesive 0.02~0.03kg/m
2, organic 0.5~0.8kg/m
2
6. efflorescence granite slope green safeguard structure system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the compound that described grass planting layer (30) is made up of grass seeds, wood fiber, water-loss reducer, adhesive, fertilizer.
7. efflorescence granite slope green safeguard structure system as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that: one or more during described grass seeds employing is following:
Paspalum notatum, molasses grass, Bermuda grass, weeping love grass, khuskhus.
8. efflorescence granite slope green safeguard structure system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: one or more during described shrub (31) employing is following:
New white popinac, Da Ye crotalaria mucronata, shrub lespedeza.
9. the job practices of efflorescence granite slope green safeguard structure system as claimed in claim 1 comprises the steps:
1. smooth excavation domatic (10) is removed danger stone, is loosened the soil, fills up pit;
2. the skeleton (20) that intercepts water construction is built the skeleton that intercepts water (20) by laying bricks or stones after excavation domatic (10) excavates the rectangle foundation trench from bottom to top, the skeleton that intercepts water (20) is closely connected with bottom surface, the side of rectangle foundation trench;
3. hanging earth-fixing mat (21), in the skeleton that intercepts water (20) earth-fixing mat (21) is spread out leveling from the top down, fixedlys connected with excavation domatic (10) by connecting elements in the periphery of earth-fixing mat (21) and inside thereof;
4. backfill improvement soil moved in to improve the original layer (22) will make its external surface smooth-going with skeleton (20) and his like the water surface that intercepts water with the improvement backfilling new soil of water-wet in the skeleton that intercepts water (20).
5. by the spray seeder grass planting layer (30) of evenly sowing grass seeds by duster;
6. transplant shrub (31), transplant, lateral separation vertical along improvement soil moved in to improve the original layer (22), and shrub (31) is not less than 30cm for annual, plant height.
10. the job practices of efflorescence granite slope green safeguard structure system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described step 3. in, the periphery of earth-fixing mat (21) is fixed with the U sprig that is provided with at interval, and inner steel nail, the gasket assembly that is provided with at interval with vertical, horizontal fixed.
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CN103104021A (en) * | 2013-02-01 | 2013-05-15 | 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司 | Xigeda stratum cut slope waterproof and drainage system |
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CN103046563B (en) * | 2013-01-18 | 2015-06-10 | 昆明学院 | Ecological landscape slope system conducive to implementation of artistical wall painting |
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CN103924606A (en) * | 2014-04-25 | 2014-07-16 | 南京工业大学 | Basalt fiber and polyvinyl alcohol combined anti-scouring protection construction method for silt slope |
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CN109356177A (en) * | 2018-11-20 | 2019-02-19 | 四川靓固科技集团有限公司 | One kind is for the steady layer slope protection system of side slope water and soil conservation soil and laying method |
CN110896696A (en) * | 2019-11-19 | 2020-03-24 | 中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司铁道建筑研究所 | Greening method by spraying and seeding fiber granules |
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