CN113796268A - Ecological restoration system and restoration method for vegetation on high and steep slope in high-altitude area - Google Patents
Ecological restoration system and restoration method for vegetation on high and steep slope in high-altitude area Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C7/00—Sowing
- A01C7/008—Sod or grassland seeding
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/40—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure
- A01G24/44—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure in block, mat or sheet form
- A01G24/46—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure in block, mat or sheet form multi-layered
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J175/00—Adhesives based on polyureas or polyurethanes; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09J175/04—Polyurethanes
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a high and steep slope vegetation ecological restoration system and method in a high-altitude area, wherein a basal layer, a bonding layer, a matrix layer and a planting layer are arranged on the surface of a high and steep slope from bottom to top, wherein the bonding layer, the matrix layer and the planting layer respectively contain specific components and proportions, the high and steep slope is firmly combined with the bonding layer, the matrix layer arranged on the system can provide sufficient nutrients and water for plants, the growth and development requirements of the plants at each stage are ensured, the growth of vegetation also enhances the firmness degree of each layer and the high and steep slope, the loss caused by rock mass sliding and rainwater washing is avoided, the vegetation restoration capability and effect are improved, the cost is reduced, and the integral cost ratio is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of vegetation ecological restoration, in particular to a high-steep slope vegetation ecological restoration system and method for a high-altitude area.
Background
In high-altitude areas, due to special geographical positions, the solar radiation is strong, the sunshine time is long, the evaporation capacity is extremely high, the air temperature is low, the air is thin, dry and wet seasons are clear, the ecological environment is fragile, the vegetation coverage rate of partial areas is not high, and the vegetation in the high-altitude areas is difficult to recover after being damaged. Particularly, the vegetation on the high and steep slopes on two sides of the infrastructure such as roads, railways and the like along the plateau area is not covered by surface soil, so that the vegetation is extremely difficult to recover after being degraded.
According to the exploration and engineering practice at home and abroad, some high and steep slope restoration methods, such as hydraulic spray-seeding grass planting technology, plant concrete spray-seeding technology, greening blanket slope protection method and the like, are researched. The method mixes seeds with soil, plant fibers, artificial substrates, binders and other substances into slurry, and then sprays the slurry onto the surface of the side slope through a high-pressure pump, a pipeline and a spray gun to enable the slurry to be adhered to the surface of the side slope, so that a foundation is provided for germination and growth of the seeds, but the method can only work when the binders contact the surface of the side slope, and a large amount of binders in the slurry are wasted; the chemical substances in the selected binder damage seeds and soil microorganisms, grass seeds have small particles and lack protective layers, and the grass seeds are easy to damage and hurt under the high-speed shearing of spraying, so that the germination and growth are influenced; soil microorganisms are easy to inactivate under the high-speed shearing of spraying, and the subsequent material conversion and nutrient supply of soil are influenced; the structure, air permeability and water retention of the slurry do not meet the optimization requirements of the soil. And if the bonding agent is insufficient at the interface of the pulp and the slope, the bonding effect is also influenced.
The plant concrete spray-seeding technology can cause insufficient nutrition supply for plant growth and development due to the fact that the thickness of a matrix sprayed and seeded is generally thin; meanwhile, the geocell technology is adopted, the combination of the bottom layer of the matrix and the rocky slope is unstable, and the soil matrix can be lost in rainy season.
The greening blanket slope protection method is also used for repairing high and steep slopes, and the greening blanket in the method is composed of an upper surface net layer, an upper wrapping layer, a heat preservation layer, a seed layer, a matrix layer (formed by mixing sludge, crop residues, compound fertilizer and fungus residues of edible fungi through an adhesive), a water absorption layer, a lower wrapping layer and a lower surface net layer from top to bottom. The method anchors the greening blanket on the base surface of the high and steep slope by steel nails, and repairs and fixes the rock slope through the active protection of the upper and lower surface net layers and the rooting and sprouting of the seed layer. The greening blanket has the double functions of plant protection and active protection, the mesh layers and the framework on the upper surface and the lower surface of the greening blanket are non-degradable steel wire meshes, and the greening blanket has remarkable effects on protection in the initial construction stage and the early vegetation growth stage; after the seeds root and germinate to form vegetation in the later period, the upper surface net layer, the lower surface net layer and the framework are covered by the vegetation, so that the landscape effect of greening and protecting the slope is not influenced. However, the greening blanket slope protection method has higher technical cost, and has poorer long-term stabilizing effect on the slope due to weaker bonding effect with the matrix slope.
Therefore, the vegetation restoration method which can improve the short-term and long-term restoration effects of vegetation, optimize the cost, reduce the waste and improve the cost performance is provided, and the method becomes a problem to be solved urgently in the field of vegetation restoration of high and steep slopes in high-altitude areas.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a high and steep slope vegetation ecological restoration system and a restoration method in a high-altitude area.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme to realize the purpose:
the first technical scheme is as follows:
the utility model provides a high steep slope vegetation ecological remediation system in high altitude area, this system include along the stratum basale, tie coat, matrix layer and the planting layer that the high steep slope surface set gradually from bottom to top. Generally, the high steep side slope in the high-altitude area is a rock side slope.
Preferably, the substrate layer is formed by drilling a hole on the surface of the high and steep slope, and arranging an anchor in the hole, wherein the length of the anchor is higher than the depth of the hole; then, a fixed platform is laid along the flat area at the top of the high and steep slope; and then, uniformly pasting a plurality of adhesive tapes at intervals along the horizontal direction of the high and steep slope from the fixing platform, further uniformly pasting a plurality of adhesive tapes at intervals along the vertical downward direction of the high and steep slope to form an adhesive tape net layer, and finally, uniformly fixing the adhesive tape net layer along the horizontal direction of the high and steep slope by using a plurality of hollow fiber materials to obtain a substrate layer. The fixing platform generally serves as a starting end of a fixing tape for cement or concrete or the like laid in a relatively flat area at the top of a high and steep slope.
Further, the aperture of the drilled hole is 2cm, the hole depth of the drilled hole is 20cm, the anchor bolt length is 40cm, and the surface of the high and steep slope is exposed by 20 cm; the width of the adhesive tape is 3-5cm, and the distance is 5-10 cm; the fixed spacing of the hollow fiber material (e.g., hollow fiber rope) is 5-10 cm. Further, the selected adhesive tape is a strong rubber type adhesive tape.
Preferably, the bonding layer is formed by mixing and laying cold-resistant polyurethane emulsion, polydimethylsiloxane, hydroxymethyl cellulose, polylactic acid, Epotal aqueous adhesive, crushed stone powder, silica fume and fly ash; the thickness of the bonding layer is 0.2-0.5 cm.
Preferably, the matrix layer is formed by mixing and paving polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, plant straw fiber, alpine meadow soil, crushed stone powder, ceramsite, soil ecological improvement liquid, slow-release compound fertilizer, water and one of polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) emulsion or soybean gum or seaweed gel; the thickness of the substrate layer is 5-10 cm.
Preferably, the planting layer is formed by mixing and laying ceramsite, alpine meadow soil, biogas residues, straw fibers, biochar, a binder, polyphosphate, a chelating agent and a cold-resistant microbial inoculum; the thickness of the planting layer is 2-3 cm; the planting layer is used for planting seed blocks.
Furthermore, in the bonding layer, 6-10 parts of cold-resistant polyurethane emulsion, 4-6 parts of polydimethylsiloxane, 0.02-0.03 part of hydroxymethyl cellulose, 0.3-0.4 part of polylactic acid, 0.3-0.5 part of Epotal aqueous adhesive, 1-2 parts of crushed stone powder, 1-2 parts of silica fume and 0.2-0.5 part of fly ash are added.
Further, in the matrix layer, 0.5-0.8 part of polyvinyl alcohol, 0.5-0.8 part of polyacrylamide, 3.5-4.5 parts of plant straw fiber, 200-6 parts of alpine meadow soil, 4-6 parts of broken stone powder, 4-6 parts of ceramsite, 0.2-0.3 part of soil ecological improvement liquid, 0.4-0.6 part of slow release compound fertilizer, 4-6 parts of polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) emulsion or soybean gum or seaweed gel and 250 parts of water 200-containing organic fertilizer.
Furthermore, in the planting layer, 4-6 parts of ceramsite, 40-60 parts of alpine meadow soil, 30-40 parts of biogas residues, 4-6 parts of straw fibers, 4-6 parts of biological carbon, 3-5 parts of a binder, 1-5 parts of polyphosphate, 1-5 parts of a chelating agent and 0.2-0.3 part of a cold-resistant microbial agent.
Further, the seed cake is a plug, wedge, spike or pellet cake that packages the seeds and the nutrient mixture together; wherein the selected seeds are of anti-freezing varieties such as Trifolium repens, Trifolium pratense, Anthurium cumingii, glume, etc., and the planting density of the seed blocks is 2-3 grains/1 cm3。
The second technical scheme is as follows:
a high and steep slope vegetation ecological restoration method for a high-altitude area comprises the following specific steps:
step 1, removing dangerous rock masses, weeds, fallen leaves, dead branches, pumice and the like loose on the surface of a high and steep slope, and embedding local pits with slurry and masonry stones;
step 3, manually inserting or mechanically injecting seed blocks on the planting layer, covering the non-woven fabric with through holes, and watering and maintaining at regular intervals; the shape of the through holes is round, triangular, square or other polygons, and the arrangement area of the through holes is 0.2cm2。
Preferably, the seed cake is a plug-like, wedge-like, spike-like or pellet-like cake prepared by mixing seeds and nutrients together; wherein the selected seeds are of anti-freezing varieties such as Trifolium repens, Trifolium pratense, Anthurium cumingii, glume, etc., and the planting density of the seed blocks is 2-3 grains/1 cm3。
Preferably, in step 3, the thickness of the non-woven fabric is 1-8 cm; the area of the through hole arrangement is 0.2cm2。
Preferably, the step 2 specifically comprises the following 4 sub-steps:
substep 2.1, setting a base layer: drilling a hole on the surface of the high and steep slope, wherein the hole diameter of the drilled hole is 2cm, the hole depth of the drilled hole is 20cm, and an anchor is knocked into the drilled hole, the length of the anchor is 40cm, and the surface of the high and steep slope is exposed by 20 cm; then, a fixed platform is laid along the flat area at the top of the high and steep slope; then, uniformly pasting a plurality of adhesive tapes at intervals along the horizontal direction of the high and steep slope from the fixed platform, and then vertically and downwardly pasting a plurality of adhesive tapes at uniform intervals along the high and steep slope to form an adhesive tape net layer, wherein the fixed platform is used for fixing the starting end of the adhesive tape; and finally, fixing the adhesive tape net layer by using a plurality of hollow fiber materials at even intervals along the horizontal direction of the high and steep slope to obtain the substrate layer.
Furthermore, the width of the adhesive tape is 3-5cm, and the distance between the adhesive tapes is 5-10 cm; the fixed spacing of the hollow fiber materials (such as hollow fiber ropes) is 5-10 cm;
further, the selected adhesive tape is a strong rubber type adhesive tape;
substep 2.2, setting an adhesive layer: uniformly mixing 6-10 parts of cold-resistant polyurethane emulsion, 4-6 parts of polydimethylsiloxane, 0.02-0.03 part of hydroxymethyl cellulose, 0.3-0.4 part of polylactic acid, 0.3-0.5 part of Epotal aqueous adhesive, 1-2 parts of crushed stone powder, 1-2 parts of silica fume and 0.2-0.5 part of fly ash, and spraying or coating the mixture on a substrate layer to obtain a bonding layer;
substep 2.3, setting a substrate layer: uniformly mixing 0.5-0.8 part of polyvinyl alcohol, 0.5-0.8 part of polyacrylamide, 3.5-4.5 parts of plant straw fiber, 260 parts of alpine meadow soil, 4-6 parts of broken stone powder, 4-6 parts of ceramsite, 0.2-0.3 part of soil ecological improvement liquid, 0.4-0.6 part of slow-release compound fertilizer, 4-6 parts of polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) emulsion or soybean gum or seaweed gel and 250 parts of water 200 sand-baked clay, and spraying or coating the mixture on a bonding layer to obtain a matrix layer;
substep 2.4, setting a planting layer: 4-6 parts of ceramsite, 40-60 parts of alpine meadow soil, 30-40 parts of biogas residues, 4-6 parts of straw fibers, 4-6 parts of biochar, 3-5 parts of binder, 1-5 parts of polyphosphate, 1-5 parts of chelating agent and 0.2-0.3 part of cold-resistant microbial inoculum are uniformly mixed and sprayed or coated on a substrate layer to obtain a planting layer.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the technical scheme of the invention selects the adhesive which has excellent performance and is suitable for the rock surface of the high and steep slope, the adhesive is polymer emulsion with good cold resistance and cohesiveness, and is suitable for low temperature and temperature difference change in high-cold and high-altitude areas, so that the cohesiveness of the adhesive layer and the rock slope is improved by 10 percent, and the cold resistance and the low temperature resistance can reach-20 ℃;
(2) the drainage ditch in the traditional process is omitted, so that the cost is saved, and the cost performance is improved; the function of water drainage is realized through the specific composition and proportion of the bonding layer, the matrix layer and the planting layer;
(3) the plant root fixing device adopts the hollow fiber material for fixing, is more beneficial to root the plant seeds, and has good ventilation and drainage functions; the invention adopts the cold-resistant artificial matrix formula, which is more beneficial to the growth and development of vegetation, thereby enhancing the function of preparing and repairing fixed rock slopes.
Drawings
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of the ecological restoration system for vegetation on a high and steep slope of the invention, wherein, 1 is a basal layer; 2. a bonding layer; 3. a substrate layer; 4. planting a layer; 5. seed pellets; 6. a seed plug;
fig. 2 is a flow chart of the ecological restoration method for vegetation on the steep slope.
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples, but it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the following examples are only illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
An ecological restoration method for vegetation on a high and steep slope comprises the following steps:
(1) removing dangerous rock masses, weeds, fallen leaves, dead branches, pumice and the like loose on the surface of the high and steep slope, and embedding and repairing local pits with slurry and masonry stones;
(2) a basal layer, a bonding layer, a matrix layer and a planting layer are sequentially arranged along the surface of the cleared high and steep slope from bottom to top; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(2.1) drilling a hole on the surface of the high and steep slope, wherein the hole diameter of the drilled hole is 2cm, the hole depth of the drilled hole is 20cm, and an anchor is knocked into the drilled hole, the anchor length is 40cm, and the surface of the high and steep slope is exposed by 20 cm; then, uniformly pasting a plurality of strong rubber type adhesive tapes at intervals along the horizontal direction of the high and steep slope from the fixed platform, and then vertically and downwards uniformly pasting a plurality of strong rubber type adhesive tapes at intervals along the high and steep slope to form an adhesive tape net layer, wherein the width of each adhesive tape is 3cm, and the pasting intervals of the adhesive tapes are 6 cm; the fixing platform is used for fixing the starting end of the adhesive tape; finally, fixing the adhesive tape net layer by a plurality of hollow fiber ropes at uniform intervals along the horizontal direction of the high and steep slope, wherein the fixed intervals of the hollow fiber ropes are 6cm, and obtaining a substrate layer;
(2.2) uniformly mixing 8 parts of cold-resistant polyurethane emulsion, 4 parts of polydimethylsiloxane, 0.02 part of hydroxymethyl cellulose, 0.4 part of polylactic acid, 0.3 part of Epotal aqueous adhesive, 1 part of crushed stone powder, 1 part of micro silicon powder and 0.2 part of fly ash, and spraying the mixture on a substrate layer to obtain an adhesive layer, wherein the thickness of the adhesive layer is 0.3 cm;
(2.3) uniformly mixing 0.6 part of polyvinyl alcohol, 0.5 part of polyacrylamide, 4 parts of plant straw fibers, 220 parts of alpine meadow soil, 5 parts of crushed stone powder, 5 parts of ceramsite, 0.2 part of soil ecological improvement liquid, 0.6 part of slow-release compound fertilizer, 6 parts of polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) emulsion and 200 parts of water, and spraying the mixture on the bonding layer to obtain a matrix layer, wherein the thickness of the matrix layer is 8 cm;
(2.4) uniformly mixing 4 parts of ceramsite, 40 parts of alpine meadow soil, 35 parts of biogas residues, 5 parts of straw fibers, 5 parts of biochar, 4 parts of binder, 2 parts of polyphosphate, 1 part of chelating agent and 0.2 part of cold-resistant microbial inoculum, and spraying the mixture on a substrate layer to obtain a planting layer with the thickness of 2 cm;
(3) mechanically injecting seed blocks on the planting layer, covering non-woven fabrics with through holes, and watering and maintaining at regular intervals; wherein, the planting density of the seed block is ensured to be 2 grains/1 cm3。
Example 2
An ecological restoration method for vegetation on a high and steep slope comprises the following steps:
(1) removing dangerous rock masses, weeds, fallen leaves, dead branches, pumice and the like loose on the surface of the high and steep slope, and embedding and repairing local pits with slurry and masonry stones;
(2) a basal layer, a bonding layer, a matrix layer and a planting layer are sequentially arranged along the surface of the cleared high and steep slope from bottom to top; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(2.1) drilling a hole on the surface of the high and steep slope, wherein the hole diameter of the drilled hole is 2cm, the hole depth of the drilled hole is 20cm, and an anchor is knocked into the drilled hole, the anchor length is 40cm, and the surface of the high and steep slope is exposed by 20 cm; then, uniformly pasting a plurality of strong rubber type adhesive tapes at intervals along the horizontal direction of the high and steep slope from the fixed platform, and then vertically and downwards uniformly pasting a plurality of strong rubber type adhesive tapes at intervals along the high and steep slope to form an adhesive tape net layer, wherein the width of each adhesive tape is 5cm, and the pasting intervals of the adhesive tapes are 9 cm; the fixing platform is used for fixing the starting end of the adhesive tape; finally, fixing the adhesive tape net layer by a plurality of hollow fiber ropes at uniform intervals along the horizontal direction of the high and steep slope, wherein the fixed intervals of the hollow fiber ropes are 9cm, and obtaining a substrate layer;
(2.2) uniformly mixing 10 parts of cold-resistant polyurethane emulsion, 4 parts of polydimethylsiloxane, 0.02 part of hydroxymethyl cellulose, 0.4 part of polylactic acid, 0.4 part of Epotal aqueous adhesive, 2 parts of crushed stone powder, 1 part of micro silicon powder and 0.3 part of fly ash, and spraying the mixture on a substrate layer to obtain an adhesive layer, wherein the thickness of the adhesive layer is 0.2 cm;
(2.3) uniformly mixing 0.5 part of polyvinyl alcohol, 0.6 part of polyacrylamide, 4 parts of plant straw fiber, 260 parts of alpine meadow soil, 6 parts of crushed stone powder, 6 parts of ceramsite, 0.3 part of soil ecological improvement liquid, 0.6 part of slow-release compound fertilizer, 6 parts of polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) emulsion and 220 parts of water, and spraying the mixture on a bonding layer to obtain a matrix layer with the thickness of 10 cm;
(2.4) uniformly mixing 5 parts of ceramsite, 40 parts of alpine meadow soil, 40 parts of biogas residues, 6 parts of straw fibers, 6 parts of biochar, 5 parts of a binder, 3 parts of polyphosphate, 4 parts of a chelating agent and 0.3 part of a cold-resistant microbial inoculum, and spraying the mixture on a substrate layer to obtain a planting layer, wherein the thickness of the planting layer is 3 cm;
(3) mechanically injecting seed blocks on the planting layer, covering the seed blocks with perforated non-woven fabric, and watering and maintaining at regular intervals; wherein, the planting density of the seed block is ensured to be 3 grains/1 cm3。
The ecological restoration system and the restoration method for the vegetation on the high and steep slope can be widely applied to high-altitude areas, the system and the method can save cost, improve the overall cost performance while ensuring the short-term and long-term vegetation restoration effects of the high and steep slope, and provide a new solution for the vegetation restoration problem of the high and steep slope in the high-altitude areas.
Although the present invention has been described in detail in this specification with reference to specific embodiments and illustrative embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and improvements can be made thereto based on the present invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a high steep slope vegetation ecological remediation system in high altitude area which characterized in that: the system comprises a substrate layer (1), a bonding layer (2), a substrate layer (3) and a planting layer (4) which are sequentially arranged along the surface of the high and steep slope from bottom to top.
2. The high steep slope vegetation ecological restoration system in high-altitude areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: the base layer (1) is formed by drilling a hole on the surface of a high and steep slope and arranging an anchor in the hole, wherein the length of the anchor is higher than the depth of the hole; then, a fixed platform is laid along the flat area at the top of the high and steep slope; then, uniformly pasting a plurality of adhesive tapes at intervals along the horizontal direction of the high and steep slope from the fixed platform, and then vertically and downwardly pasting a plurality of adhesive tapes at uniform intervals along the high and steep slope to form an adhesive tape net layer, wherein the fixed platform is used for fixing the starting end of the adhesive tape; and finally, fixing the adhesive tape net layer by using a plurality of hollow fiber materials at even intervals along the horizontal direction of the high and steep slope to obtain the substrate layer.
3. The high steep slope vegetation ecological restoration system in high-altitude areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: the bonding layer (2) is formed by mixing and laying cold-resistant polyurethane emulsion, polydimethylsiloxane, hydroxymethyl cellulose, polylactic acid, Epotal aqueous adhesive, crushed stone powder, silica fume and fly ash.
4. The high steep slope vegetation ecological restoration system in high-altitude areas of claim 3, wherein: in the bonding layer (2), 6-10 parts of cold-resistant polyurethane emulsion, 4-6 parts of polydimethylsiloxane, 0.02-0.03 part of hydroxymethyl cellulose, 0.3-0.4 part of polylactic acid, 0.3-0.5 part of Epotal aqueous adhesive, 1-2 parts of crushed stone powder, 1-2 parts of silica fume and 0.2-0.5 part of fly ash are adopted.
5. The high steep slope vegetation ecological restoration system in high-altitude areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: the matrix layer (3) is formed by mixing and laying polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, straw fiber, alpine meadow soil, crushed stone powder, ceramsite, soil ecological improvement liquid, slow-release compound fertilizer, water and one of polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) emulsion, soybean gum or seaweed gel.
6. The high steep slope vegetation ecological restoration system in high-altitude areas of claim 5, wherein: in the matrix layer (3), 0.5-0.8 part of polyvinyl alcohol, 0.5-0.8 part of polyacrylamide, 3.5-4.5 parts of straw fiber, 200-6 parts of alpine meadow soil, 4-6 parts of broken stone powder, 4-6 parts of ceramsite, 0.2-0.3 part of soil ecological improvement liquid, 0.4-0.6 part of slow-release compound fertilizer, 4-6 parts of polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) emulsion or soybean gum or seaweed gel and 250 parts of water 200-one.
7. The high steep slope vegetation ecological restoration system in high-altitude areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: the planting layer (4) is formed by mixing and laying ceramsite, alpine meadow soil, biogas residues, straw fibers, biochar, a binder, polyphosphate, a chelating agent and a cold-resistant microbial agent; the planting layer is used for planting seed blocks.
8. The high steep slope vegetation ecological restoration system in high-altitude areas of claim 7, wherein: in the planting layer (4), 4-6 parts of ceramsite, 40-60 parts of alpine meadow soil, 30-40 parts of biogas residues, 4-6 parts of straw fibers, 4-6 parts of biological carbon, 3-5 parts of a binder, 1-5 parts of polyphosphate, 1-5 parts of a chelating agent and 0.2-0.3 part of a cold-resistant microbial inoculum;
wherein the seed block is a bolt-shaped, wedge-shaped, spike-shaped or pill-shaped block formed by mixing seeds and nutrients together; the seeds are one or more of white clover, red clover, paradise and glume; the planting density of the seed block is 2-3 grains/1 cm3。
9. A high and steep slope vegetation ecological restoration method for a high-altitude area comprises the following specific steps:
step 1, removing dangerous rock masses, weeds, fallen leaves, dead branches and pumice stones loose on the surface of a high and steep slope, and embedding and repairing local pits with slurry and masonry stones;
step 2, sequentially arranging a substrate layer, a bonding layer, a substrate layer and a planting layer from bottom to top along the surface of the cleared high and steep slope;
step 3, manually inserting or mechanically injecting seed blocks on the planting layer, covering the non-woven fabric with through holes, and watering and maintaining at regular intervals; the shape of the through hole is round, triangular, square or other polygons.
10. The ecological restoration method for vegetation on a high and steep slope in a high-altitude area according to claim 9, which is characterized in that: the step 2 comprises the following 4 sub-steps:
substep 2.1, setting a base layer: drilling a hole on the surface of the high and steep slope, and arranging an anchor in the hole, wherein the length of the anchor is higher than the depth of the hole; then, a fixed platform is laid along the flat area at the top of the high and steep slope; then, uniformly pasting a plurality of adhesive tapes at intervals along the horizontal direction of the high and steep slope from the fixed platform, and then vertically and downwardly pasting a plurality of adhesive tapes at uniform intervals along the high and steep slope to form an adhesive tape net layer, wherein the fixed platform is used for fixing the starting end of the adhesive tape; finally, fixing the adhesive tape net layer by a plurality of hollow fiber materials at even intervals along the horizontal direction of the high and steep slope to obtain a substrate layer;
substep 2.2, setting an adhesive layer: uniformly mixing 6-10 parts of cold-resistant polyurethane emulsion, 4-6 parts of polydimethylsiloxane, 0.02-0.03 part of hydroxymethyl cellulose, 0.3-0.4 part of polylactic acid, 0.3-0.5 part of Epotal aqueous adhesive, 1-2 parts of crushed stone powder, 1-2 parts of silica fume and 0.2-0.5 part of fly ash, and spraying or coating the mixture on the substrate layer to obtain a bonding layer;
substep 2.3, setting a substrate layer: uniformly mixing 0.5-0.8 part of polyvinyl alcohol, 0.5-0.8 part of polyacrylamide, 3.5-4.5 parts of straw fiber, 260 parts of alpine meadow soil, 4-6 parts of crushed stone powder, 4-6 parts of ceramsite, 0.2-0.3 part of soil ecological improvement liquid, 0.4-0.6 part of slow-release compound fertilizer, 4-6 parts of polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) emulsion or soybean gum or seaweed gel and 250 parts of water 200 sand-baked clay, and spraying or coating the mixture on the bonding layer to obtain a matrix layer;
substep 2.4, setting a planting layer: 4-6 parts of ceramsite, 40-60 parts of alpine meadow soil, 30-40 parts of biogas residues, 4-6 parts of straw fibers, 4-6 parts of biological carbon, 3-5 parts of binder, 1-5 parts of polyphosphate, 1-5 parts of chelating agent and 0.2-0.3 part of cold-resistant microbial inoculum are uniformly mixed and sprayed or coated on the substrate layer to obtain the planting layer.
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