CN116949802B - 一种透气型抗菌梭织面料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种透气型抗菌梭织面料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN116949802B
CN116949802B CN202311219813.5A CN202311219813A CN116949802B CN 116949802 B CN116949802 B CN 116949802B CN 202311219813 A CN202311219813 A CN 202311219813A CN 116949802 B CN116949802 B CN 116949802B
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woven fabric
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CN116949802A (zh
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董祖春
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Guangzhou Jisheng Textile Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开一种透气型抗菌梭织面料及其制备方法，属于功能改性织物制备技术领域，所述透气型抗菌梭织面料由经纱和纬纱相互交织形成，所述经纱和/或纬纱中混纺有抗菌聚丙烯腈纤维，所述抗菌聚丙烯腈纤维是以聚丙烯腈纤维为基体，依次通过前处理、表面活化引入环氧基团、表面改性引入天然多酚和钆、钨的氧化物量子点制得，本发明通过在纤维水平上进行抗菌整理，再混纺成纱并织造，兼具内嵌填料和后整理的优点，对纤维的力学性能影响小，且保留梭织面料本身良好的透气性，同时具有优异抗菌性能和耐洗牢度。

Description

一种透气型抗菌梭织面料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及功能改性织物制备技术领域，具体涉及一种透气型抗菌梭织面料及其制备方法。
背景技术
梭织面料是织机以投梭的形式，将纱线通过经、纬向的交错而组成，其组织一般有平纹、斜纹和缎纹三大类。梭织面料因织法经纬交错而牢固、挺括、不易变形，且梭织面料的编织交点存在空隙，这使得梭织面料具有优异的透气性。但是随着生活水平的日益提高，人们对于服装的功能和特性等方面越来越苛求，人们对于功能性面料也就越来越关注。
在日常生活中，由于人们不可避免的要接触到各种各样的细菌、真菌等微生物，其中一些有害生物在合适的环境条件下会迅速生长繁殖，轻则产生腐臭发生霉变，重则传播疾病，影响人们的健康；而各类纺织品是这些微生物的良好生存之地，是疾病的重要传播源；抗菌面料可以去除织物上的细菌、真菌和霉菌，保持织物清洁，能防止细菌再生和繁殖，是使用最为广泛的一种功能性面料；随着人民生活水平的提高以及对环境与健康日益重视，抗菌纺织品也越来越受到人们的追捧和喜爱。
当前市场上主流的抗菌面料生产工艺主要有两种，一种是内置填料式，即采用纺丝级抗菌技术把抗菌剂直接做到化学纤维内，一种是整理涂层式，即通过面料后续整理工艺加入进去；其中，将抗菌填料内置于化学纤维内制得的面料抗菌性能较好，其耐洗牢度较高，抗菌剂不易脱落，具有较长的抗菌时效，但所需抗菌填料的加入量较高，这使得纤维的力学性能产生较大损伤；后整理方法工艺简单，对纤维的力学性能损伤较小，但抗菌性能较差，且抗菌剂易随织物的使用、漂洗发生流失，耐洗牢度低，且后整理容易覆盖梭织面料上的孔隙，降低面料的透气性。
发明内容
针对上述问题，本发明提供一种透气型抗菌梭织面料及其制备方法。
本发明的目的采用以下技术方案来实现：
一种透气型抗菌梭织面料，由经纱和纬纱相互交织形成，所述经纱和/或纬纱中混纺有抗菌聚丙烯腈纤维，所述抗菌聚丙烯腈纤维的制备方法包括以下步骤：
（1）前处理
将聚丙烯腈原丝纤维浸入乙醇水溶液中，升温至50-70℃并保温1-2h，取出并以去离子水洗涤，干燥后备用；
优选的，所述乙醇水溶液中乙醇与水的体积比为10：（1-10）；
（2）表面活化
将步骤（1）制得的聚丙烯腈原丝纤维浸入二苯甲酮的丙酮溶液中，在常温条件下浸渍1-2h，再在无氧条件下进行紫外光照处理，处理完成后取出并以无水丙酮洗涤，干燥后将处理得到的纤维浸入甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯的醇溶液中，在常温条件下浸渍1-2h，再在无氧条件下进行紫外光照处理，处理完成后取出并依次以无水丙酮和去离子水洗涤，干燥，得到活化纤维；
优选的，所述二苯甲酮的丙酮溶液的浓度在2-3wt%；所述甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯的醇溶液的浓度在8-20wt%；
（3）表面改性
称取钨酸钠并分散在去离子水中，搅拌溶解形成均匀溶液，逐滴滴加乙酸溶液至体系溶液的pH至7.4-7.5，在保持搅拌的条件下，缓慢加入氯化钆的分散液，滴加完成后加热升温至80℃以上，搅拌直至形成透明溶液；称取天然多酚化合物并溶解在去离子水中，得到多酚溶液，将所述活化纤维浸入所述多酚溶液中，加热升温至60-80℃并保温1-2h，再将所述透明溶液趁热滴加到浸渍体系中，充分混合后保温0.5-1h，取出并依次以无水乙醇和去离子水洗涤，在100-130℃下干燥制得；
优选的，所述钨酸钠的分散浓度在0.8-1.1mmol/mL，所述氯化钆的分散液的分散浓度在1-1.2mmol/mL，所述多酚溶液的浓度在3-7wt%。
优选的，所述经纱和/或纬纱由植物纤维、动物纤维、合成纤维中的一种或几种与所述抗菌聚丙烯腈纤维混纺得到；所述植物纤维包括棉纤维、麻纤维、竹纤维，所述动物纤维包括蚕丝纤维、动物毛发纤维，所述合成纤维包括氨纶纤维、丙纶纤维、涤纶纤维、腈纶纤维、棉纶纤维。
优选的，所述抗菌聚丙烯腈纤维在所述梭织面料中的质量比例为12-36wt%。
优选的，所述经纱的支数是40-50s，所述纬纱的支数是30-40s。
优选的，所述透气型抗菌梭织面料的织造工艺为平纹或斜纹，经向密度为168-172根/英寸，纬向密度75-80根/英寸。
优选的，所述紫外光照处理的处理时间为0.5-1h，所述紫外光的波长为365nm。
优选的，所述钨酸钠与所述氯化钆、所述天然多酚化合物的摩尔比例为1：1：（4-9）。
优选的，所述天然多酚化合物为邻苯三酚、花色素、儿茶酚类、单宁酸、水解单宁、缩合单宁、咖啡酸、绿原酸、鞣花酸、没食子酸中的一种或几种，所述儿茶酚类包括表没食子儿茶素、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯、表儿茶素没食子酸酯。
本发明的另一方面在于提供一种所述透气型抗菌梭织面料的制备方法，先将混纺得到的经纱和纬纱相互交织后形成面料坯料，再依次经过退浆处理、染色、定型整理和后整理制得。
优选的，所述退浆是在30-45g/L的氢氧化钠溶液中，加入退浆剂Goon209至退浆剂浓度为1g/L，然后加入所述面料坯料，升温至90℃热处理1h后，使用90℃的水清洗；所述染色是将退浆后的面料坯料置于染缸内，面料坯料与染液的重量比值是1：20，染液中包括10g/L的分散染料，1g/L的渗透剂JFC，10g/L的防泳移剂，染色温度是80-100℃，染色时间是0.5-1h；所述定型整理是将染色后的面料坯料经过轧车烘干定型后，用清水漂洗，其中，烘干定型的温度是110-130℃，车速是30-50m/min；所述后整理是将谷物醇溶蛋白溶解在30-70wt%的乙醇水溶液中，得到100-200mg/mL的蛋白溶液，然后加入定型面料，在常温下静置1-2h，再用清水漂洗，再烘干后即得到所述梭织面料，所述谷物醇溶蛋白为玉米醇溶蛋白、小麦醇溶蛋白、大麦醇溶蛋白或大米醇溶蛋白。
本发明的有益效果为：
针对现有抗菌面料制备工艺中抗菌性能、力学性能和耐洗牢度难以兼顾的问题，本发明提供一种透气型抗菌梭织面料，所述梭织面料通过在纤维水平上进行抗菌处理，再混纺成纱并织造，其可兼具内嵌填料和后整理的优点，对纤维的力学性能影响小，同时保留梭织面料本身良好的透气性，具体的，本发明以聚丙烯腈纤维为基体纤维，以二苯甲酮为光敏引发剂，通过紫外光表面接枝的方法在表面接枝引入环氧基团，再利用活泼酚羟基或羧基对环氧基团的开环活性，以天然多酚化合物对所述环氧基团进行开环，在纤维表面引入天然多酚结构，同时利用酚羟基或羧基与金属离子间良好的配位活性，在纤维表面的多酚中原位生成钆、钨的氧化物量子点，基于其良好的纳米酶活性，结合天然多酚化合物本身良好的抗菌活性，少量负载即可实现良好的抗菌性能，相较与后整理的非共价作用，本发明的共价接枝作用具有更高的耐洗牢度；进一步的，本发明的抗菌处理引入天然多酚化合物，使得织造面料的光滑度和柔软度降低，本发明利用谷物醇溶蛋白的疏水作用以及与多酚间良好的复合亲和性，对面料进行后整理引入所述谷物醇溶蛋白，降低改性对纤维柔软度的影响，提升织物手感，提高面料服用性。
具体实施方式
结合以下实施例对本发明作进一步描述。
实施例1
一种透气型抗菌梭织面料，由经纱和纬纱相互交织形成，所述经纱由涤纶纤维与棉纤维混纺得到，所述纬纱由抗菌聚丙烯腈纤维与棉纤维混纺得到；
所述经纱的支数是40s，其中，涤纶纤维与棉纤维的重量比值是8.5：1.5；经纱的混纺过程依次为：清棉、梳棉、预并条、精梳、混并、粗纱、细纱和络筒；
所述纬纱的支数是30s，其中，所述抗菌聚丙烯腈纤维与棉纤维的重量比值是4.5：5.5，纬纱的混纺过程依次为：清花、梳棉、精梳、并条、粗纱、细纱和络筒；
所述透气型抗菌梭织面料为平纹或斜纹，经向密度为170根/英寸，纬向密度78根/英寸；
所述透气型抗菌梭织面料的制作步骤包括：
先将混纺得到的经纱和纬纱相互交织后形成面料坯料，再依次经过退浆处理、染色、定型整理制得；
所述退浆是在30-45g/L的氢氧化钠溶液中，加入退浆剂Goon209至退浆剂浓度为1g/L，然后加入所述面料坯料，升温至90℃热处理1h后，使用90℃的水清洗；
所述染色是将退浆后的面料坯料置于染缸内，面料坯料与染液的重量比值是1：20，染液中包括10g/L的分散染料，1g/L的渗透剂JFC，10g/L的防泳移剂，染色温度是80-100℃，染色时间是0.5-1h；
所述定型整理是将染色后的面料坯料经过轧车烘干定型后，用清水漂洗后干燥制得，其中，烘干定型的温度是110-130℃，车速是30-50m/min；
所述抗菌聚丙烯腈纤维的制备方法包括以下步骤：
（1）前处理
将聚丙烯腈原丝纤维浸入乙醇水溶液（v/v=5：3）中，升温至65℃并保温1h，取出并以去离子水洗涤，干燥后备用；
（2）表面活化
将步骤（1）制得的聚丙烯腈原丝纤维浸入二苯甲酮的丙酮溶液（2.2wt%）中，在常温条件下浸渍1h，再在无氧条件下进行紫外光照处理，处理完成后取出并以无水丙酮洗涤，干燥后将处理得到的纤维浸入甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯的乙醇溶液（12wt%）中，在常温条件下浸渍1h，再在无氧条件下进行紫外光照处理，处理完成后取出并依次以无水丙酮和去离子水洗涤，干燥后得到活化纤维；
所述紫外光照处理的处理时间为0.5h，所述紫外光的波长为365nm；
（3）表面改性
称取钨酸钠并分散在去离子水中，搅拌溶解形成均匀溶液（1mmol/mL），逐滴滴加乙酸溶液至体系溶液的pH至7.4-7.5，在保持搅拌的条件下，缓慢加入氯化钆的分散液（1mmol/mL），滴加完成后加热升温至80℃以上，搅拌直至形成透明溶液；称取单宁酸并溶解在去离子水中，得到单宁酸溶液（6wt%），将所述活化纤维浸入所述单宁酸溶液中，加热升温至70℃并保温1h，再将所述透明溶液趁热滴加到浸渍体系中，充分混合后保温1h，取出并依次以无水乙醇和去离子水洗涤，在100-130℃下干燥制得；
所述钨酸钠与所述氯化钆、所述单宁酸的摩尔比例为1：1：6.4。
实施例2
一种梭织面料，由经纱和纬纱相互交织形成，所述经纱由涤纶纤维与棉纤维混纺得到，所述纬纱由抗菌聚丙烯腈纤维与棉纤维混纺得到；
所述经纱的支数是40s，其中，涤纶纤维与棉纤维的重量比值是8.5：1.5；经纱的混纺过程依次为：清棉、梳棉、预并条、精梳、混并、粗纱、细纱和络筒；
所述纬纱的支数是30s，其中，所述抗菌聚丙烯腈纤维与棉纤维的重量比值是4.5：5.5，纬纱的混纺过程依次为：清花、梳棉、精梳、并条、粗纱、细纱和络筒；
所述透气型抗菌梭织面料为平纹或斜纹，经向密度为170根/英寸，纬向密度78根/英寸；
所述透气型抗菌梭织面料的制作步骤同实施例1；
所述抗菌聚丙烯腈纤维的制备方法同实施例1，区别在于，步骤（3）不同，具体是：
称取单宁酸并溶解在去离子水中，得到单宁酸溶液（6wt%），将所述活化纤维浸入所述单宁酸溶液中，加热升温至70℃并保温2h，取出并依次以无水乙醇和去离子水洗涤，在100-130℃下干燥制得。
实施例3
一种梭织面料，由经纱和纬纱相互交织形成，所述经纱由涤纶纤维与棉纤维混纺得到，所述纬纱由抗菌聚丙烯腈纤维与棉纤维混纺得到；
所述经纱的支数是40s，其中，涤纶纤维与棉纤维的重量比值是8.5：1.5；经纱的混纺过程依次为：清棉、梳棉、预并条、精梳、混并、粗纱、细纱和络筒；
所述纬纱的支数是30s，其中，所述抗菌聚丙烯腈纤维与棉纤维的重量比值是4.5：5.5，纬纱的混纺过程依次为：清花、梳棉、精梳、并条、粗纱、细纱和络筒；
所述透气型抗菌梭织面料为平纹或斜纹，经向密度为170根/英寸，纬向密度78根/英寸；
所述透气型抗菌梭织面料的制作步骤同实施例1；
所述抗菌聚丙烯腈纤维的制备方法同实施例1，区别在于，步骤（3）不同，具体是：
称取钨酸钠并分散在去离子水中，搅拌溶解形成均匀溶液（1mmol/mL），逐滴滴加乙酸溶液至体系溶液的pH至7.4-7.5，在保持搅拌的条件下，缓慢加入氯化钆的分散液（1mmol/mL），滴加完成后加热升温至80℃以上，搅拌直至形成透明溶液；将所述活化纤维浸入所述透明溶液中，加热升温至70℃并保温2h，取出并依次以无水乙醇和去离子水洗涤，在100-130℃下干燥制得；
所述钨酸钠与所述氯化钆的摩尔比例为1：1。
实施例4
一种透气型抗菌梭织面料，由经纱和纬纱相互交织形成，所述经纱由涤纶纤维与棉纤维混纺得到，所述纬纱由抗菌聚丙烯腈纤维与棉纤维混纺得到；
所述经纱的支数是40s，其中，涤纶纤维与棉纤维的重量比值是8.5：1.5；经纱的混纺过程依次为：清棉、梳棉、预并条、精梳、混并、粗纱、细纱和络筒；
所述纬纱的支数是30s，其中，所述抗菌聚丙烯腈纤维与棉纤维的重量比值是4.5：5.5，纬纱的混纺过程依次为：清花、梳棉、精梳、并条、粗纱、细纱和络筒；
所述透气型抗菌梭织面料为平纹或斜纹，经向密度为170根/英寸，纬向密度78根/英寸；
所述透气型抗菌梭织面料的制作步骤同实施例1，区别在于，定型整理后还进行后整理，具体是：
将玉米醇溶蛋白溶解在50wt%的乙醇水溶液中，得到150mg/mL的蛋白溶液，然后加入定型面料，在常温下静置2h，再用清水漂洗，再次烘干后即得到所述梭织面料；
所述抗菌聚丙烯腈纤维的制备方法同实施例1。
对比例
一种透气型梭织面料，由经纱和纬纱相互交织形成，所述经纱由涤纶纤维与棉纤维混纺得到，所述纬纱由聚丙烯腈纤维与棉纤维混纺得到；
所述经纱的支数是40s，其中，涤纶纤维与棉纤维的重量比值是8.5：1.5；经纱的混纺过程依次为：清棉、梳棉、预并条、精梳、混并、粗纱、细纱和络筒；
所述纬纱的支数是30s，其中，所述聚丙烯腈纤维与棉纤维的重量比值是4.5：5.5，纬纱的混纺过程依次为：清花、梳棉、精梳、并条、粗纱、细纱和络筒；
所述透气型梭织面料为平纹或斜纹，经向密度为170根/英寸，纬向密度78根/英寸；
所述透气型梭织面料的制作步骤同实施例1。
为了能够更加清楚地说明本发明，本发明对各实施例制得的面料进行了实验检测，具体的，断裂强力参考标准GB/T 3923 .1-2013的方法；透气量参考标准GB/T 5453-1997的检测方法；抗菌性（抗菌率）的检测参考标准GB/T 20944-2007，通过换算成百分比得出抗菌率；水洗是指使用45℃的清水在洗衣机内正常洗涤30min；手感根据T-CTES1017-2019《纺织品 织物触感检测与评价方法 三点梁法》标准，使用用纺织材料手感风格测试仪测试面料的柔软度和滑爽度，测试结果为样品三个不同方向的测试平均值；测试结果如表1所示；
最后应当说明的是，以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对本发明保护范围的限制，尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明作了详细地说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换，而不脱离本发明技术方案的实质和范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种透气型抗菌梭织面料，由经纱和纬纱相互交织形成，其特征在于，所述经纱和/或纬纱中混纺有抗菌聚丙烯腈纤维，所述抗菌聚丙烯腈纤维的制备方法包括以下步骤：
（1）前处理
将聚丙烯腈原丝纤维浸入乙醇水溶液中，升温至50-70℃并保温1-2h，取出并以去离子水洗涤，干燥后备用；
（2）表面活化
将步骤（1）制得的聚丙烯腈原丝纤维浸入二苯甲酮的丙酮溶液中，在常温条件下浸渍1-2h，再在无氧条件下进行紫外光照处理，处理完成后取出并以无水丙酮洗涤，干燥后将处理得到的纤维浸入甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯的醇溶液中，在常温条件下浸渍1-2h，再在无氧条件下进行紫外光照处理，处理完成后取出并依次以无水丙酮和去离子水洗涤，干燥，得到活化纤维；
（3）表面改性
称取钨酸钠并分散在去离子水中，搅拌溶解形成均匀溶液，逐滴滴加乙酸溶液至体系溶液的pH至7.4-7.5，在保持搅拌的条件下，缓慢加入氯化钆的分散液，滴加完成后加热升温至80℃以上，搅拌直至形成透明溶液；称取天然多酚化合物并溶解在去离子水中，得到多酚溶液，将所述活化纤维浸入所述多酚溶液中，加热升温至60-80℃并保温1-2h，再将所述透明溶液趁热滴加到浸渍体系中，充分混合后保温0.5-1h，取出并依次以无水乙醇和去离子水洗涤，在100-130℃下干燥制得。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种透气型抗菌梭织面料，其特征在于，所述经纱和/或纬纱由植物纤维、动物纤维、合成纤维中的一种或几种与所述抗菌聚丙烯腈纤维混纺得到；所述植物纤维包括棉纤维、麻纤维、竹纤维，所述动物纤维包括蚕丝纤维、动物毛发纤维，所述合成纤维包括氨纶纤维、丙纶纤维、涤纶纤维、腈纶纤维、棉纶纤维。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种透气型抗菌梭织面料，其特征在于，所述抗菌聚丙烯腈纤维在所述透气型抗菌梭织面料中的质量比例为12-36wt%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种透气型抗菌梭织面料，其特征在于，所述经纱的支数是40-50s，所述纬纱的支数是30-40s。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种透气型抗菌梭织面料，其特征在于，所述透气型抗菌梭织面料的织造工艺为平纹或斜纹，经向密度为168-172根/英寸，纬向密度75-80根/英寸。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种透气型抗菌梭织面料，其特征在于，所述紫外光照处理的处理时间为0.5-1h，所述紫外光的波长为365nm。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种透气型抗菌梭织面料，其特征在于，所述钨酸钠与所述氯化钆、所述天然多酚化合物的摩尔比例为1：1：（4-9）。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种透气型抗菌梭织面料，其特征在于，所述天然多酚化合物为邻苯三酚、花色素、儿茶酚类、单宁酸、水解单宁、缩合单宁、咖啡酸、绿原酸、鞣花酸、没食子酸中的一种或几种，所述儿茶酚类包括表没食子儿茶素、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯、表儿茶素没食子酸酯。
9.根据权利要求1-8之一所述的一种透气型抗菌梭织面料的制备方法，其特征在于，先将混纺得到的经纱和纬纱相互交织后形成面料坯料，再依次经过退浆处理、染色、定型整理和后整理制得。
10.根据权利要求9所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述退浆是在30-45g/L的氢氧化钠溶液中，加入退浆剂Goon209至退浆剂浓度为1g/L，然后加入所述面料坯料，升温至90℃热处理1h后，使用90℃的水清洗；所述染色是将退浆后的面料坯料置于染缸内，面料坯料与染液的重量比值是1：20，染液中包括10g/L的分散染料，1g/L的渗透剂JFC，10g/L的防泳移剂，染色温度是80-100℃，染色时间是0.5-1h；所述定型整理是将染色后的面料坯料经过轧车烘干定型后，用清水漂洗，其中，烘干定型的温度是110-130℃，车速是30-50m/min；所述后整理是将谷物醇溶蛋白溶解在30-70wt%的乙醇水溶液中，得到100-200mg/mL的蛋白溶液，然后加入定型面料，在常温下静置1-2h，再用清水漂洗，再烘干后即得到所述透气型抗菌梭织面料，所述谷物醇溶蛋白为玉米醇溶蛋白、小麦醇溶蛋白、大麦醇溶蛋白或大米醇溶蛋白。
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