CN116603152A - 二尖瓣瓣叶拴系 - Google Patents

二尖瓣瓣叶拴系 Download PDF

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CN116603152A
CN116603152A CN202310432127.XA CN202310432127A CN116603152A CN 116603152 A CN116603152 A CN 116603152A CN 202310432127 A CN202310432127 A CN 202310432127A CN 116603152 A CN116603152 A CN 116603152A
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catheter
mitral valve
anchor
chordae
heart
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S·F·博林
R·T·拉辛斯基
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Pipeline Medical Technologies Inc
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    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M25/00Catheters; Hollow probes
    • A61M25/0043Catheters; Hollow probes characterised by structural features
    • A61M25/0054Catheters; Hollow probes characterised by structural features with regions for increasing flexibility
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
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    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/24Heart valves ; Vascular valves, e.g. venous valves; Heart implants, e.g. passive devices for improving the function of the native valve or the heart muscle; Transmyocardial revascularisation [TMR] devices; Valves implantable in the body
    • A61F2/2442Annuloplasty rings or inserts for correcting the valve shape; Implants for improving the function of a native heart valve
    • A61F2/2466Delivery devices therefor
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61M25/00Catheters; Hollow probes
    • A61M25/01Introducing, guiding, advancing, emplacing or holding catheters
    • A61M25/0105Steering means as part of the catheter or advancing means; Markers for positioning
    • A61M25/0133Tip steering devices
    • A61M25/0147Tip steering devices with movable mechanical means, e.g. pull wires
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    • A61B2017/00292Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for minimally invasive surgery mounted on or guided by flexible, e.g. catheter-like, means
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/04Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for suturing wounds; Holders or packages for needles or suture materials
    • A61B17/0401Suture anchors, buttons or pledgets, i.e. means for attaching sutures to bone, cartilage or soft tissue; Instruments for applying or removing suture anchors
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61B17/04Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for suturing wounds; Holders or packages for needles or suture materials
    • A61B17/0401Suture anchors, buttons or pledgets, i.e. means for attaching sutures to bone, cartilage or soft tissue; Instruments for applying or removing suture anchors
    • A61B2017/0419H-fasteners
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/04Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for suturing wounds; Holders or packages for needles or suture materials
    • A61B17/0401Suture anchors, buttons or pledgets, i.e. means for attaching sutures to bone, cartilage or soft tissue; Instruments for applying or removing suture anchors
    • A61B2017/0427Suture anchors, buttons or pledgets, i.e. means for attaching sutures to bone, cartilage or soft tissue; Instruments for applying or removing suture anchors having anchoring barbs or pins extending outwardly from the anchor body
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61B17/0401Suture anchors, buttons or pledgets, i.e. means for attaching sutures to bone, cartilage or soft tissue; Instruments for applying or removing suture anchors
    • A61B2017/044Suture anchors, buttons or pledgets, i.e. means for attaching sutures to bone, cartilage or soft tissue; Instruments for applying or removing suture anchors with a threaded shaft, e.g. screws
    • A61B2017/0441Suture anchors, buttons or pledgets, i.e. means for attaching sutures to bone, cartilage or soft tissue; Instruments for applying or removing suture anchors with a threaded shaft, e.g. screws the shaft being a rigid coil or spiral
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61B17/0469Suturing instruments for use in minimally invasive surgery, e.g. endoscopic surgery
    • A61B2017/048Suturing instruments for use in minimally invasive surgery, e.g. endoscopic surgery for reducing heart wall tension, e.g. sutures with a pad on each extremity
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    • A61F2220/00Fixations or connections for prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2220/0008Fixation appliances for connecting prostheses to the body
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61F2220/00Fixations or connections for prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2220/0008Fixation appliances for connecting prostheses to the body
    • A61F2220/0016Fixation appliances for connecting prostheses to the body with sharp anchoring protrusions, e.g. barbs, pins, spikes
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    • A61F2230/00Geometry of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2230/0063Three-dimensional shapes
    • A61F2230/0091Three-dimensional shapes helically-coiled or spirally-coiled, i.e. having a 2-D spiral cross-section

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Abstract

本公开包括用于通过经股静脉进入右心室以将一个或多个导管穿引到右心室的心尖或底部的设备和技术。通过心脏的静脉侧或右侧刺入室间隔壁中进入以左心室,导管可以穿过以向上转弯,指向二尖瓣。从左心室中的这个进入点,可以缝合和栓系连枷状二尖瓣瓣叶,将它拉回到适当的位置,并用右心室中的接地锚重新附接,或者将锚嵌入间隔壁中。室间隔壁横穿技术可以包括同轴导管穿过第一进入导管,其中第一进入导管可以充当引导件,以将内部或第二同轴导管引向连枷状二尖瓣瓣叶。

Description

二尖瓣瓣叶拴系
本申请为申请日2016年12月30日、申请号CN201680082601.9(PCT国际申请号为PCT/US2016/069567)标题为“二尖瓣瓣叶拴系”的发明申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本公开总体上涉及心脏治疗装置和技术,特别涉及用于二尖瓣修复的方法和装置。
背景技术
心脏包括四个心脏瓣膜,这些瓣膜允许血液在一个方向上通过心脏的四个心腔。这四个瓣膜是三尖瓣、二尖瓣、肺动脉瓣和主动脉瓣。四个心腔是右心房和左心房(上部心腔)以及右心室和左心室(下部心腔)。
二尖瓣由两个瓣叶形成,这两个瓣叶被称为前瓣和后瓣,它们响应于由心脏的泵送施加在瓣叶上的压力而打开和关闭。关于二尖瓣,存在几个可能发展或发生的问题。这些问题包括二尖瓣返流(MR),其中二尖瓣瓣叶没有正确关闭,这可能导致二尖瓣泄漏。严重的二尖瓣返流会对心脏功能产生不利影响,并损害患者的生活质量和寿命。有几种技术旨在纠正二尖瓣返流,包括瓣膜置换、腱索缩短或置换和二尖瓣瓣环修复,瓣环修复也称为瓣环成形术。
纠正二尖瓣返流的现有技术包括在患者心脏停止跳动且患者正在体外循环时通过心脏直视手术修复二尖瓣。这种技术具有高度侵入性,具有固有的风险。希望提供一种用于修复二尖瓣的侵入性较小的手术。
发明内容
本文公开的一个实施例包括一种修复患者心脏的二尖瓣的方法,该方法包括用延伸穿过心脏的静脉侧或右侧的导管进入患者心脏的右心室以进入左心室,并且用导管固定二尖瓣瓣叶。
本文公开的另一个实施例是一种腱索置换***,其可以包括导管和腱索置换植入物。导管可以具有细长的柔性管状主体,该管状主体具有近端和远端。导管可以被构造成经血管进入右心室,通过室间隔进入左心室。腱索置换植入物可以由导管可部署地携带。腱索置换植入物可以包括细长主体,该细长主体具有带有近侧组织锚的近端和带有二尖瓣瓣叶附接锚的远端。
本文公开的另一个实施例是一种修复二尖瓣的方法,该方法包括用导管经血管进入右心室,并将导管延伸穿过室间隔并进入左心室,以及用导管部署腱索置换植入物。
附图说明
图1AA示出了左心室中正常的二尖瓣瓣叶连接部,包括从二尖瓣瓣叶的自由边缘到***肌的腱索附件。
图1A示出了断裂的腱索附件。
图1示出了用于通过经股静脉进入右心室以将一个或多个导管穿引到右心室的心尖或底部的技术。
图2示出了通过心脏的静脉侧或右侧刺入室间隔壁中以进入左心室的导管。
图3示出了第一和第二导管,这些导管可以***纵以定位远侧末端,从而捕获二尖瓣瓣叶的边缘。
图4示出了可用于将两个导管的末端相对于彼此定位的磁体。
图4A示出了穿过二尖瓣瓣叶的缝合线环,其通过下导管栓系回,并在心尖或室间隔壁处附接到锚。
图5示出了接地插头。
图5A示出了分离左心室和右心室的组织壁或室间隔壁组织内的内部锚。
图5AA示出了间隔锚。
图5B示出了内部锚和心尖锚的实施例。
图6示出了位于心脏内的接地锚。
图7示出了螺旋锚。
图8示出了自颈静脉起的通路还将提供进入腔静脉和右心室的通路,和/或通过跨间隔穿刺进入左心房的通路。
具体实施方式
左心室中的正常二尖瓣瓣叶10连接部包括从二尖瓣瓣叶10的自由边缘到***肌14的腱索附件12,如图1AA所示。
通过将瓣叶重新附接到***肌,可以用缝合线以外科方式完成对连枷状瓣叶(图1A中所示的断裂腱索7)的修复和重新连接。另一种技术是类似于名为NeoChord的公司开发的技术的连枷状瓣叶的经心尖重新连接。
一种不同的技术是通过股静脉18进入右心室16,将一根或多根导管20穿引到右心室16的心尖或底部,如图1所示。入口将从腹股沟的股静脉18开始,向上通过下腔静脉进入右心房24,通过三尖瓣22到达右心室16的底部。通过心脏的静脉侧或右侧刺入室间隔壁19中以进入左心室26,导管20可以穿过以向上转弯,指向二尖瓣28,如图2所示。从左心室26中的这个进入点,可以缝合和栓系连枷状二尖瓣瓣叶,将它拉回到适当的位置,并用右心室16中的接地锚重新附接,或者将锚嵌入间隔壁中。室间隔壁横穿技术可以包括同轴导管30穿过第一进入导管20,其中第一进入导管20可以充当引导件,以将内部或第二同轴导管30引向连枷状二尖瓣瓣叶。如图3所示,第一导管20和第二导管30都可以***纵以定位远侧末端方向来捕获二尖瓣瓣叶的边缘。穿针可以穿过以将缝合线穿引通过二尖瓣瓣叶,以便将瓣叶重新附接到心脏的下心腔,进入间隔壁或横过间隔壁并锚定在右心室中。将系绳穿过二尖瓣瓣叶并穿过第二内部导管30返回并附接到接地锚,瓣叶将被拉到合适的位置,复制可能已经失效或断裂的腱索附件。新缝合线与接地锚的附接可以通过打结、滑动单向止动器或其它手段来实现,以将锚和缝合线接合在一起。单线附接或多条线将允许在不同的力矢量中分担或拉动载荷,从而在不同的方向上移动二尖瓣瓣叶的接地点。如图3所示,二次心房进入可以通过静脉***通过经间隔穿刺到达二尖瓣上方来实现,以将附加导管32传递到左心房中,用于定位在连枷状瓣叶上方。从上方和下方实现瓣叶的第二次固定将允许在回声和荧光透视下观察瓣叶边缘内的正确定位和缝合线附接。在每个导管的末端可以是磁体36、34,以将每个导管30、32的末端相对于彼此定位,如图4所示。磁体36、34可以具有通孔或中心管腔,以将丝、缝合线43或其它物品从一个末端纵向地传递到另一个末端。缝合线环41将穿过二尖瓣瓣叶27,并通过下导管30栓系回,并在心尖或室间隔壁处附接到锚,如图4A所示。
接地插头或锚40可以类似于用于闭合ASD的Amplatz装置,或者类似于用于将力分配到较大区域的另一装置,该较大区域将载荷分配到右心室或室间隔壁内的较大表面区域上,如图5所示。将缝合线固定在右心室内的另一种方式是将缝合线附接到拭子(脱指棉)73或其它垫上,以将载荷分散在右心室内。一种替代技术是将内部锚42嵌入分离左心室和右心室的组织壁或室间隔壁组织内,如图5A所示。图5B和5AA的内部锚50可以从上方或者从左心房递送,通过间隔通路并穿过二尖瓣瓣叶,以将二尖瓣瓣叶连接到缝合线43并进入右心室和左心室之间的间隔壁,从而将它固定到诸如锚的内部结构,以在缝合线拉紧期间阻止移动。如图5A所示,内部锚可以包括倒钩80和缝合线夹持器82。也可能有利的是,将锚的一部分延伸到左心房中远离间隔壁处以将切点定位在二尖瓣瓣叶的附接点的正下方。这将提供到上方和下方附接点的直线,而没有围绕间隔壁入口的扭矩或力矩,并且不会干扰任何其它腱索结构或***肌。锚出口处的应变消除部也可以阻止由于缝合线的循环加载可能是应力集中的区域而引起的缝合线的微振磨损。如图7所示,螺旋锚52(参见图5B)也可以通过经间隔通路从上方递送,通过二尖瓣进入心脏的心尖或心肌组织。线圈55将允许接触点连接到缝合线,缝合线进一步连接到二尖瓣瓣叶。还可以增加多个连接点,用于额外的支撑或者栓系额外的断裂腱索。在植入手术后,通过缠绕、重新打结或拉动缝合线来重新栓系连接线,也可以进行二次调节。
使用直径约0.035英寸、长度约180厘米的导丝70可以进入股静脉。如图8所示,导引器护套可以跟随以提供导线管,以将另外的导管传入和传出股静脉进入部位。导管72的直径可以为约10至24弗伦奇,导引器可以用扩张器推入股静脉,以引导末端而不会损伤血管。导管72的长度可以是约100厘米长。将装置递送导管沿导丝72推进通过该导引器护套可以设置不透射线的装置,用于通过实时X射线或荧光透视跟踪导丝、导引器护套和递送导管。穿过下腔静脉并通过三尖瓣转入右心房,导管可以跟随导丝或者经由拉线或成形***通过手柄处的可偏转导管主动成形或弯曲。注入心脏的造影染料可以提供心脏内的结构项目的路线图。将导管和导丝瞄准或操纵到右心室的心尖,并将针或穿刺工具从右心室传递到左心室,将提供从股静脉到左心室进入二尖瓣的通路。
也可以通过腹股沟处的股动脉来完成通过跨间隔穿刺到达左心房的进入通路,从而以如上所述的类似方式推进导丝和导管***。这将允许二尖瓣瓣叶上下紧密接触,以将它们固定并缝合回正确的位置。来自左心房的上导管和经由右心室来自左心室的下导管可以定位并保持连枷瓣叶的位置,用于缝合线刺穿并栓系回其正确位置,以与相邻瓣叶对合,从而消除二尖瓣返流的血流。穿刺针和应变消除拭子75可用于穿过缝合线75,并在瓣叶附接部位分配局部力,如图6所示。单次或多次穿过瓣叶将模仿正常腱索,从而提供正常的瓣叶运动。缝合线材料可以是#4或#5PTFE、丝或其它用于正常瓣膜修复的常用材料。缝合线的位置将允许正常的左心室和二尖瓣运动和自由,因为缝合线将在***肌之间穿过,并在一端连接到连枷状瓣叶,由右心室中的应变消除保持的另一端进入右心室。如图8所示,自颈静脉的通路还将提供进入腔静脉和右心室的通路,和/或经由跨间隔穿刺进入左心房的通路。这种颈静脉通路将消除沿股静脉向上进入右心室的第一个180度转弯,但对于大多数介入心脏病专家来说,这不是常规通路。
导管将由包括尼龙、特氟隆、聚氨酯和其它常用材料的普通聚合物构成,其近端和远端带有导丝端口。所需的导管曲线将被预设、固定或通过经由拉线或管传递的不同力主动弯曲,以偏压一个或另一个方向,从而在导管的一侧相对于另一侧提供柱压缩。柱和管强度可以通过嵌入的盘绕丝、用带状或圆形丝编织的盘绕丝、激光切割管或骨架结构来提供,以形成获得通路所需的限定结构和/或曲线。可***度、构造技术是工业中公知的,以允许递送所需的特定可推性、刚度和曲线。内部和外部的涂层和表面处理可以有助于在血管壁之间以及丝和其它导管之间的相对移动。张紧装置可以由从导管远端延伸到近侧部分的手柄的拉线提供。这种拉线可以通过旋转螺栓转换成纵向力来启动,从而拉动到导管远端的连接。股静脉导管通路的总长度将为约100cm,并具有通腔以接受用于定位在身体脉管***内的导丝。内部颈静脉导管的总长度将为约60cm。两个导管的直径将为约6-20弗伦奇,具有来自递送***的近端和远端的至少一个管腔。
从股静脉进入将允许导管***穿过三尖瓣并进入右心室。在右心室的心尖,通过将针或导管推进穿过间隔壁将获得通路,从而进入左心室。使用针、超声或取心工具将导丝从右心室传递到左心室是修复二尖瓣的途径和进入路线。一旦针和/或导丝可以前进,就可以使用诸如导管的附加工具来修复二尖瓣。间隔壁的厚度可以超过1厘米,因此通过球囊扩张、引导导管或进入导线管可以保持进入端口,以在修复过程中使工具和导管通过。可操纵的护套、导管或导线管可以允许更容易地进入二尖瓣的特定区域进行修复。一旦获得最佳定位,就可以将旋转和/或角度调整固定或锁定到位。这可以通过预成形的弯曲构型来实现,而导管向下弯曲穿过三尖瓣并横过室间隔壁,然后向上指向二尖瓣。这种形状可以根据患者的需要和解剖结构而固定或变化。直径约0.035英寸、长度约180至300厘米的导丝将允许导管向前推进,并允许更换附加的工具。可膨胀扩张器可用于扩张需要密封通路或需要更大口径导管的区域。导管尺寸可以从约6弗伦奇开始到约24弗伦奇直径,长度范围从90厘米到160厘米。这些导管的构造可以为普通聚合物,包括尼龙、聚氨酯、聚乙烯或其它类似聚合物。编织物、线圈或激光切割管可用于导管构造中,以更好地支撑所需的内径、形状或曲线。这些材料还可以包括适用于导管构造的不锈钢、镍钛诺、铂或MP35N金属。
将多个导管相互嵌套将提供额外的弯曲、移动和平移自由度。在一个实施例中,进入右心室心尖的较大导管(24弗伦奇内径)可用于定位稳定的基部,从该基部推进内部导管(18弗伦奇内径)穿过室间隔壁,并且第三导管可推进通过内径约14弗伦奇的该导管,以前进到左心室中,从而指向二尖瓣。这些导管将允许为各种解剖结构提供多种调整和角度。将这些导管中的每一个的位置一起或独立地平移、旋转和锁定的能力将提供稳定的平台来将修复工具递送到瓣膜。这些彼此嵌套的导管中的每一个的锁定装置可以通过使用液压改变直径的膨胀、通过产生偏心锁定的旋转装置的机械膨胀或在导管之间产生直径差的纵向拉动来实现。这种推拉平移可迫使导管起皱,从而在一个导管内产生较大的***。
此外,推拉线可以迫使导管在单个或多个平面中形成预定的形状和曲线。通过将特定图案激光切割到导管内框架中,在使导管的圆柱形塌缩的同时用拉线减小导管一侧的长度,形成由导管内部的激光切割元件确定的形状,可以用拉线强制成形。作为示例,可以在管的一侧切割狭槽,并在管的远端附接一根张力线。随着张力被施加到线上,管的开槽侧的塌缩将导致弯曲或偏压管状元件。这些狭槽也可以是复杂的形状,以将旋转角度锁定到预定的形状中。这种复杂的形状可以是V形、斜角切口、圆角形状或另一种详细的图案,以阻止管在预定半径处塌缩。这个图案也可以围绕管旋转,以在单个平面之外产生三维形状和曲线。
这种图案将被激光切割到导管的内管中,并由金属或聚合物构成,并且嵌入导管壁中。
第一角向弯曲将是约180度,改变导管从股静脉通路通过三尖瓣的方向,并指向右心室的心尖。该导管中的第二弯曲将是朝向室间隔壁的约90度的转弯,形成一个“牧羊钩”的形状。这个90度的方向也可以通过第二内部导管来实现,其穿过第一较大直径导管,以引导通路穿过室间隔壁。这将需要90度的曲线来将末端转向间隔壁。一旦间隔壁被穿透,将需要另一个90度弯曲来将导管指向二尖瓣。在这两个90度弯曲之间,需要约1到2厘米的间距来横穿间隔壁组织。该直线段可预成形为弯曲构型,并由单根拉线或多根拉线致动。优选实施例将利用第一导管获得朝向室间隔壁的90度弯曲。
指向二尖瓣的下一个内部导管可以朝向左心室中的瓣膜瓣叶前进。指向和放置在瓣叶下方的导管末端可以定位二尖瓣瓣叶的自由边缘,以固定系绳,用于断裂腱索或连枷状瓣叶的修复。单个或多个腱索可以从单个进入点发出,或者从沿着瓣膜瓣叶的各个独立的位置发出。从上方通过跨间隔通路,第二导管可以沿着瓣叶的相同自由边缘定位瓣叶的顶侧。同轴定位这两个导管可以通过内置在导管中或推进通过导管的每个中心管腔的磁性末端来实现。
将这两个导管定位在瓣叶的上方和下方,彼此紧缩将瓣叶夹在中间,将实现通过瓣叶的通路以用于腱索修复或拴系,以通过源自右心室的下部进入点固定。腱索修复可以是PTFE缝合线或适合永久植入的另一种材料。在下部进入点延伸到右心室中的情况下,锚可以完全位于右心室中或室间隔壁内,仅暴露左心室中的替代缝合线材料。锚设计可以类似于具有用以接合组织的单个或多个倒钩的倒钩锚、从间隔壁的右心室侧保持的插头或接合右心室或左心室中的组织的螺钉装置。在腱索和锚定***植入期间或之后,可以调节组织锚到腱索瓣叶附件的附接,同时监测腱索的张力或实时的回声结果。

Claims (11)

1.一种腱索置换***,包括:
导管,其具有细长的柔性管状主体,所述管状主体具有近端和远端,所述导管被构造成用于经血管进入右心室、穿过室间隔并进入左心室;
由所述导管可部署地承载的腱索置换植入物,所述腱索置换植入物包括细长主体,所述细长主体具有带有近侧组织锚的近端和带有二尖瓣瓣叶附接锚的远端。
2.根据权利要求1所述的腱索置换***,其特征在于,所述近侧组织锚包括用于接合心脏的心尖处的组织的螺旋组织锚。
3.根据权利要求1所述的腱索置换***,其特征在于,所述近侧组织锚包括用于接合跨间隔横穿的右心室表面的锚。
4.根据权利要求3所述的腱索置换***,其特征在于,所述近侧组织锚包括拭子。
5.根据权利要求1所述的腱索置换***,其特征在于,所述腱索置换植入物承载在所述管状主体内。
6.一种修复患者心脏的二尖瓣的方法,所述方法包括:用延伸穿过所述心脏的静脉侧或右侧的导管进入所述患者心脏的右心室以进入左心室;以及用所述导管固定二尖瓣瓣叶。
7.一种修复二尖瓣的方法,所述方法包括:用导管经血管进入右心室,并将所述导管延伸穿过室间隔并进入左心室;以及用所述导管部署腱索置换植入物。
8.根据权利要求7所述的修复二尖瓣的方法,其特征在于,所述腱索置换植入物包括带有近侧组织锚的近端和带有二尖瓣瓣叶附接锚的远端。
9.根据权利要求7所述的修复二尖瓣的方法,其特征在于,部署腱索置换植入物包括用螺旋组织锚接合所述心脏的心尖的组织。
10.根据权利要求7所述的修复二尖瓣的方法,其特征在于,部署腱索置换植入物包括用锚接合跨间隔横穿的右心室表面。
11.根据权利要求7所述的修复二尖瓣的方法,其特征在于,包括用所述导管承载所述腱索置换植入物。
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