CN116496113A - Film covering composting method - Google Patents

Film covering composting method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116496113A
CN116496113A CN202310429274.1A CN202310429274A CN116496113A CN 116496113 A CN116496113 A CN 116496113A CN 202310429274 A CN202310429274 A CN 202310429274A CN 116496113 A CN116496113 A CN 116496113A
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China
Prior art keywords
fermentation
materials
mixed
composting method
film
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CN202310429274.1A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
张亚新
丁杰
王尚
徐俊
洪庆洋
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Research Institute For Environmental Innovation (suzhou) Tsinghua
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Research Institute For Environmental Innovation (suzhou) Tsinghua
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Priority to CN202310429274.1A priority Critical patent/CN116496113A/en
Publication of CN116496113A publication Critical patent/CN116496113A/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/10—Addition or removal of substances other than water or air to or from the material during the treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
    • C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a film covering composting method, which comprises the following steps: s1, providing a fermentation main material; s2, adding auxiliary materials into the fermentation main material and mixing to obtain a mixed fermentation material; and S3, performing film coverage composting on the mixed fermentation material to obtain a fermented material. According to the film coverage composting method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the fermentation rate can be effectively improved, and the stable and sufficient fermentation can be ensured.

Description

Film covering composting method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of composting, in particular to a film covering composting method.
Background
Composting is a biochemical process that utilizes microorganisms that are widely present in nature to controllably promote the conversion of degradable organics in solid waste into stable humus. The compost is an organic fertilizer which is prepared by composting and decomposing various organic wastes (such as crop straws, weeds, leaves, peat, organic household garbage, kitchen garbage, sludge, human and animal excreta, vinasse, fungus chaff and other wastes) serving as main raw materials, has rich nutrient substances, long and stable fertilizer efficiency, is favorable for promoting the formation of a soil grain fixing structure, can increase the water retaining, heat preserving, ventilation and fertilizer retaining capacity of soil, and can also make up the defects that the fertilizer contains single nutrient, and the soil is hardened and the water retaining and fertilizer retaining performances are reduced by single use of the fertilizer for a long time when being mixed with the fertilizer.
Composting technology is a fecal treatment technology widely adopted at present, but the traditional composting mode is slow in fermentation, the nitrogen loss is serious and the quality of the final organic fertilizer is influenced, so researchers aim at optimizing the combination proportion of composting materials and the process control research so as to improve the quality of the final product fertilizer.
The film covered composting is improved on the basis of the traditional composting technology, a composting mode of covering the surface of the pile body with a special film is adopted, a real weather box is created for composting materials through film coverage, the effect of outside weather is avoided, the whole composting process is completed under the condition of film coverage, the material exchange and energy transfer between the pile body and the outside environment are reduced, and the effect of the film can be fully exerted. However, in the existing film-covered composting method, the materials are not stable and sufficient enough in the fermentation process, and the fermentation speed is slow.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a film-covered composting method, which can effectively increase the fermentation rate and ensure stable and sufficient fermentation.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a film covered composting method according to an embodiment of the invention comprises the steps of:
s1, providing a fermentation main material;
s2, adding auxiliary materials into the fermentation main material and mixing to obtain a mixed fermentation material;
and S3, performing film coverage composting on the mixed fermentation material to obtain a fermented material.
Further, the main fermentation material comprises one or more of kitchen waste and livestock and poultry manure.
Further, the auxiliary materials comprise carbon organic matters, and the carbon organic matters comprise one or more of straws, branches and nut shells.
Further, the step S2 specifically includes:
and crushing the carbon organic matters, and stirring and mixing the crushed carbon organic matters and the fermentation main material to obtain the mixed fermentation material.
Further, in the step S2, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixed fermentation material is (25 to 30): 1.
further, the step S3 specifically includes:
pushing the mixed fermentation materials into a first fermentation zone to form a pile body and cover a membrane, aerating the bottom of the first fermentation zone to perform primary fermentation to obtain fermented materials,
wherein the aeration rate in the first fermentation zone is 0.5-2 m 3 /m 3 Stacking, namely, stacking, wherein the temperature of the stacking is 55-60 ℃, the water content is 50-60%, the initial pH value is 6-9, and the duration of one-time fermentation is not less than 4 weeks.
Further, the step S3 further includes:
and percolate is generated in the primary fermentation process, and the percolate is collected.
Further, the step S3 further includes:
after the primary fermentation is finished, turning the mixed fermentation materials in the first fermentation zone, and moving the mixed fermentation materials to a second fermentation zone for secondary fermentation, wherein the number of times of turning the mixed fermentation materials is not less than 2, and the duration of the secondary fermentation is not less than 4 weeks.
Further, the method further comprises:
s4, drying the fermented material to obtain the organic fertilizer.
Further, the step S4 specifically includes:
granulating and drying the fermented material to obtain the granular organic fertilizer.
The technical scheme of the invention has at least one of the following beneficial effects:
according to the film covering composting method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the auxiliary materials are added into the main fermentation material and mixed for fermentation, so that the fermentation rate can be effectively improved, and the stable and sufficient fermentation can be ensured.
Further, the auxiliary materials are selected from one or more of straw, branches and nut shells, and have a certain supporting effect, so that gaps are formed in a compact stack formed by the mixed fermentation materials, the entry of oxygen and the growth of microorganisms are facilitated, and rapid fermentation and full and complete fermentation inside the mixed fermentation materials are promoted.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a film covered composting process according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which are obtained by a person skilled in the art based on the described embodiments of the invention, fall within the scope of protection of the invention.
Unless defined otherwise, technical or scientific terms used herein should be given the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terms "first," "second," and the like, as used herein, do not denote any order, quantity, or importance, but rather are used to distinguish one element from another. The terms "connected" or "connected," and the like, are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc. are used merely to indicate a relative positional relationship, which changes accordingly when the absolute position of the object to be described changes.
A film covered composting method according to an embodiment of the invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The film covered composting method according to an embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 1, may comprise the steps of:
s1, providing a fermentation main material;
s2, adding auxiliary materials into the fermentation main material and mixing to obtain a mixed fermentation material;
and S3, performing film coverage composting on the mixed fermentation material to obtain a fermented material.
Specifically, according to the film-covered composting method provided by the embodiment of the invention, firstly, a fermentation main material is provided, secondly, auxiliary materials are added into the fermentation main material and mixed to obtain a mixed fermentation material, and finally, film-covered composting is carried out on the mixed fermentation material to obtain a fermented material. That is, by adding auxiliary materials into the main fermentation material, the fermentation rate is improved, the full stability of fermentation is ensured, and the recycling and recycling of organic wastes are finally realized, so that the fermented material is prepared.
In addition, the film covering composting method provided by the embodiment of the invention is suitable for mass production, and has high production efficiency and low production cost.
Preferably, the fermentation main material comprises one or more of kitchen waste and livestock and poultry manure.
Specifically, for example, kitchen garbage can be all wastes before and after food material cooking in daily life, such as leftovers, vegetables, pericarps, tea leaves and the like generated after eating. The kitchen waste can be raw kitchen waste, cooked kitchen waste and bone and shell. The raw kitchen remainder is mainly kitchen remainder which is not cooked; the kitchen remainder is mainly cooked with rice, vegetables and meat; bone shell is mainly fishbone, bone, shell, etc.
The livestock manure can be manure of cattle, sheep, pigs, chickens and the like.
The materials are selected as organic waste materials to realize biological fermentation conversion, so that high-quality organic fertilizer is obtained.
Preferably, the auxiliary material comprises carbon organic matters, and the carbon organic matters comprise one or more of straws, branches and nut shells.
That is, the carbon organic matters such as straw, branch, nut shell and the like are selected as auxiliary materials, and the method has the following advantages: (1) The water absorption performance is good, and the water in the wet materials is absorbed by mixing, so that the water requirement of the compost is met; (2) The porous ceramic material has a certain supporting effect, and a gap is formed in the compact pile body, so that oxygen can enter and microorganisms can grow; (3) Has larger specific surface area and is convenient for microorganism to adhere and propagate.
In addition, preferably, the mass of organic waste in the mixed fermentation material accounts for 75-85%, and the mass of auxiliary materials accounts for 15-20%.
In some embodiments, step S2 may specifically include:
crushing the carbon organic matters, and stirring and mixing the crushed carbon organic matters with the fermentation main material to obtain a mixed fermentation material.
That is, after the carbon-based organic matter is crushed, as the auxiliary materials are rich in cellulose, lignin and the like, the carbon nitrogen is relatively large, microorganisms are not easy to decompose the carbon nitrogen, and the crushed carbon-based organic matter is fully and uniformly mixed with the fermentation main materials containing rich nutrition so as to promote the activity of the microorganisms, and meanwhile, more bacteria can be brought in, so that the decomposition effect of the bacteria is improved, and the fermentation efficiency is improved.
In addition, lime can be added into the mixed fermentation material to neutralize organic acid and carbonic acid generated in the decomposition process, so that bacteria are vigorous in propagation and compost maturity is promoted.
Preferably, in step S2, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixed fermentation material is (25 to 30): 1.
specifically, if the carbon-nitrogen ratio in the mixed fermentation material is high, the growth of bacteria and other microorganisms is limited, the decomposition speed of organic matters is slow, the fermentation process is long, meanwhile, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of finished compost is too high, and after the compost is applied to soil, nitrogen elements in the soil are extracted, so that the soil falls into a nitrogen starvation state, and the growth of crops is influenced. If the carbon-nitrogen ratio is too low, the available energy sources are small, and the nitrogen element nutrient is relatively excessive, nitrogen becomes ammonia nitrogen and is generated, so that a great deal of nitrogen element is lost to reduce the fertilizer efficiency. Thus, the carbon-nitrogen ratio in the mixed fermentation material is controlled to be (25-30): 1, the decomposition of the mixed fermentation materials is facilitated, the stable fermentation process is kept, and meanwhile, the proper carbon-nitrogen ratio is beneficial to ensuring the fertilizer efficiency of the produced organic fertilizer.
In some embodiments, step S3 may specifically include:
pushing the mixed fermentation materials into a first fermentation zone to form a pile body and cover a membrane in a stacking way, aerating the bottom of the first fermentation zone to perform primary fermentation to obtain fermented materials,
wherein the aeration rate in the first fermentation zone is 0.5-2 m 3 /m 3 Stacking h, wherein the temperature of the stacking is 55-60 ℃, the water content is 50-60%, the initial pH value is 6-9, and the primary fermentation time is not less than 4 weeks.
That is, the mixed fermentation materials are pushed into the first fermentation area to be stacked to form a pile body, the fermentation area is covered by a film to realize film covered composting, aeration is carried out in the fermentation area in the fermentation process, the reaction temperature and the oxygen supply of the pile body are controlled through the aeration, the primary fermentation of the pile body is promoted to be stably and efficiently carried out, and the fermented materials are prepared.
Specifically, in the composting process, the temperature of the pile body is controlled to be 55-60 ℃, and when the water content is 50-60%, the microbial decomposition is most facilitated. When the temperature of the reactor body exceeds 60 ℃ and the humidity exceeds 60%, the microbial activity is limited, the decomposition speed of the mixed fermentation material is obviously reduced, and when the temperature of the reactor body is lower than 55 ℃ and the humidity is lower than 50%, the requirement of microbial growth cannot be met, and the mixed fermentation material is difficult to decompose. In the environment of compost, on one hand, the most suitable pH of the general microorganism is neutral or alkalescent, and too high or too low pH is unfavorable for the fermentation of the compost, on the other hand, oxygen is a necessary condition for the survival of the microorganism, the oxygen supply amount is closely related to the intensity of the activity of the microorganism and the decomposition speed of organic matters and the granularity of the compost, the oxygen content in the reaction environment is controlled to be 5-15%, and the aeration amount is 0.5-2 m per cubic meter of mixed fermentation material per hour 3 To provide superior fermentation conditions.
That is, the indexes such as temperature, humidity, oxygen content, initial pH value and ventilation quantity in the first fermentation zone are controlled during the primary fermentation, so that the interior of the first fermentation zone is in the optimal fermentation environment condition, and finally, the mixed fermentation materials in each place are fully and completely fermented, and the fertilizer meeting the standard is produced.
In addition, in order to prevent nitrogen loss during the decomposition process of the compost, substances with strong absorptivity, such as turf, clay, pond sludge, gypsum, calcium superphosphate, phosphate rock powder and other nitrogen-retaining agents, can be added during the stacking of the mixed fermentation materials.
In some embodiments, step S3 may further include:
percolate is generated in the primary fermentation process, and the percolate is collected.
That is, the percolate generated in the primary fermentation process is collected, and the mixed fermentation material can be back sprayed under the condition of low water content through the drainage system so as to ensure that the fermentation is effectively and stably carried out, or the mixed fermentation material is mixed into the next batch of piles, so that the fermentation time can be shortened, no additional sewage treatment measures are needed, the operation is simple, the sanitation and pollution are avoided, and the disposable treatment capacity is large.
In some embodiments, step S3 may further include:
after the primary fermentation is finished, turning the mixed fermentation materials in the first fermentation zone, and moving the mixed fermentation materials to the second fermentation zone for secondary fermentation, wherein the number of times of turning the piles is not less than 2, and the duration of the secondary fermentation is not less than 4 weeks.
Specifically, after the primary fermentation is finished, most of the mixed fermentation materials are cured, and the phenomenon that the curing of the mixed fermentation materials is uneven is caused due to the difference of the environments in the reactor, and then the mixed fermentation materials are transferred to a second fermentation area for secondary fermentation after the primary fermentation is finished, so that the products are further cured and homogenized, wherein the second fermentation area is also arranged in the film coverage area.
In addition, the mixed fermentation materials are turned over in the period to ensure that the conversion of humic acid is fully performed and the fermentation of the produced seedling culture substrate is fully ensured.
In some embodiments, the film covered composting method may further comprise:
s4, drying the fermented material to obtain the organic fertilizer.
That is, the fermented material obtained by fermentation is dried, and then the organic fertilizer meeting the requirements of finished products is prepared after drying, and finally the sustainable utilization of organic wastes is realized.
In some embodiments, step S4 may specifically include:
granulating and drying the fermented material to obtain the granular organic fertilizer.
That is, after the fermentation is completed, the fermented material can be subjected to fine processing such as granulation, drying and the like, so that the granular organic fertilizer corresponding to the product requirement is prepared.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiments of the present invention, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, and such modifications and adaptations are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A method of film covered composting comprising the steps of:
s1, providing a fermentation main material;
s2, adding auxiliary materials into the fermentation main material and mixing to obtain a mixed fermentation material;
and S3, performing film coverage composting on the mixed fermentation material to obtain a fermented material.
2. The film covered composting method of claim 1, wherein the fermentation feedstock comprises one or more of kitchen waste and livestock manure.
3. The film covered composting method of claim 1, wherein the auxiliary material comprises a carbon-based organic matter comprising one or more of straw, tree branches, nut shells.
4. A film covered composting method as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that said step S2 specifically comprises:
and crushing the carbon organic matters, and stirring and mixing the crushed carbon organic matters and the fermentation main material to obtain the mixed fermentation material.
5. The film-covered composting method of claim 4, wherein in step S2, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixed fermentation material is (25-30): 1.
6. the film covered composting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said step S3 specifically comprises:
pushing the mixed fermentation materials into a first fermentation zone to form a pile body and cover a membrane, aerating the bottom of the first fermentation zone to perform primary fermentation to obtain fermented materials,
wherein the aeration rate in the first fermentation zone is 0.5-2 m 3 /m 3 Stacking, namely, stacking, wherein the temperature of the stacking is 55-60 ℃, the water content is 50-60%, the initial pH value is 6-9, and the duration of one-time fermentation is not less than 4 weeks.
7. The film covered composting method of claim 6, wherein said step S3 further comprises:
and percolate is generated in the primary fermentation process, and the percolate is collected.
8. The film covered composting method of claim 7, wherein said step S3 further comprises:
after the primary fermentation is finished, turning the mixed fermentation materials in the first fermentation zone, and moving the mixed fermentation materials to a second fermentation zone for secondary fermentation, wherein the number of times of turning the mixed fermentation materials is not less than 2, and the duration of the secondary fermentation is not less than 4 weeks.
9. The film covered composting method of claim 1, further comprising:
s4, drying the fermented material to obtain the organic fertilizer.
10. The film covered composting method as recited in claim 9, wherein said step S4 specifically comprises:
granulating and drying the fermented material to obtain the granular organic fertilizer.
CN202310429274.1A 2023-04-20 2023-04-20 Film covering composting method Pending CN116496113A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202310429274.1A CN116496113A (en) 2023-04-20 2023-04-20 Film covering composting method

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202310429274.1A CN116496113A (en) 2023-04-20 2023-04-20 Film covering composting method

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN116496113A true CN116496113A (en) 2023-07-28

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CN202310429274.1A Pending CN116496113A (en) 2023-04-20 2023-04-20 Film covering composting method

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN116496113A (en)

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