CN101874567A

CN101874567A - Method for resource utilization of plant wastes

Info

Publication number: CN101874567A
Application number: CN2009102370002A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘红; 付文婷; 何文婷
Original assignee: Beihang University
Current assignee: Beihang University
Priority date: 2009-10-30
Filing date: 2009-10-30
Publication date: 2010-11-03

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for resource utilization of plant wastes, which aims to solve the problems in treating the plant wastes such as straws and the like, reduces the pollution caused by the conventional treating mode, and simultaneously can produce earthworms with very high economic values and a natural eco-organic fertilizer. The technical scheme is that the method comprises the following steps of: fermenting the plant wastes to prepare an earthworm culture material for feeding the earthworms; and when the earthworms are mature, using the humic substances such as earthworm cast after separating the earthworms as the natural eco-organic fertilizer. The method has the following advantages that: the plant wastes are treated effectively, the effective components in the plant wastes are used for resource utilization, and the ideas of sustainable development and circular economy are embodied. The method has a simple process, is easy to operate, has less investment and zero risk, and not only can be used for home application on a small scale, but also can be used for treating agricultural organic wastes in a green ecological agricultural region or a special ecosystem (such as a biological regeneration ecological life guarantee system on a moon and Mars space base in future).

Description

A kind of method with the plant refuse recycling

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of method with the plant refuse recycling, is the technical field that refuse bioremediation and veterinary method are combined.

Background technology

Every autumn harvest season, in the rural area or area such as city suburbs all can produce plant refuses such as a large amount of stalks, traditional plant refuse disposal options mainly is landfill and burning, but the crop straw burning process not only causes severe contamination to surrounding environment, has also destroyed the organic matter of agricultural land soil.Landfill then can produce growing of pathogen, and also there is serious threat in the percolate that landfill produces to underground water environment.On the other hand, plant refuse wherein contains many organic substances renewable or capable of circulation as a kind of biomass energy, and plant refuse is effectively handled and recycled is the inevitable requirement that reduces environmental pollution and sustainable development.

Recent years, the economic worth of earthworm more and more causes the concern of Chinese scholars.Earthworm cries " earthworm " again, and its growth and breeding is fast, and body includes 9 kinds of necessary amino acid of animal, and contains various trace elements and multivitamin, is many, the colory animal protein feeds of a kind of protein abundance, amino acid kind.Earthworm also can be used to handle industrial pollution, it is reported, 300,000,000 earthworms can be handled 100 tons paper mill sludge every day, can handle the discarded object and the waste water of 300 tons brewery, livestock and poultry and aquatic product manufactory.Also working out both at home and abroad with the earthworm is that raw material prepares medicine and nutrient and healthcare products, as the high activity " Lumbrokinase " of calcium capsule, hepatocuprein (SOD) and treatment ischemic angiocardiopathy and cerebrovascular disease etc.

Summary of the invention

The present invention relates to a kind of method with the plant refuse recycling, its purpose has been to solve the handling problem of plant refuses such as stalk, reduce conventional process mode pollution on the environment, and can also produce very high earthworm of economic worth and natural ecological organic fertilizer simultaneously.

The present invention is achieved in that a kind of method with the plant refuse recycling.It comprises that plant refuse is carried out fermentation process is prepared into the earthworm compost, is used to raise earthworm, after the earthworm maturation, isolates the humus such as earthworm excrement that are left behind the earthworm and then can be used as a kind of natural ecological organic fertilizer simultaneously.

Further main points of the present invention are:

Described plant refuse is fabaceous shells such as the root of stalk after grasses such as spring wheat, winter wheat, paddy rice, the corn results and leaf vegetables and peanut and so on, and wide material sources are with low cost.

Described plant refuse is when fermentation process, and its zymotechnique is: 55 ℃ of constant temperature anaerobic fermentations 5 days---35 ℃ of constant temperature aerobic fermentations 5 days; Perhaps 55 ℃ of constant temperature aerobic fermentations are 5 days---35 ℃ of constant temperature aerobic fermentations 5 days.Two kinds of technology all can effectively be decomposed organic matters such as cellulose in the plant refuse, lignin, promptly obtains the earthworm compost after the rotten heat of plant refuse and is used for earthworm and raises.

After the described plant refuse fermentation, add the earthworm kind, culturing temperature is to culture under 20 ℃ of conditions to separate earthworm in 40-60 days, after measured, remaining wormcast pH value is 7-8, nitrogen, phosphorus, the potassium content height, and contain humic acid about 10%, organic up to more than 20%, also contain magnesium, sulphur in addition, various trace elements such as iron can effectively promote the growth of crops as ecological organic fertilizer, alleviate continuous cropping disease, and can decompose fertilizer and pesticide residue in soil, thereby alleviate because a large amount of chemical fertilizer that uses to the harm that agricultural land soil and environment caused, also can make the farm investment cost reduce, alleviate agriculture burden, increase farmers' income.

The beneficial effect that the present invention obtains is: make plant refuse realize effective processing, and make active ingredient wherein be able to recycling, embodied the theory of sustainable development and recycling economy, and this method technology is simple, operation easily, the small investment devoid of risk promptly can small-scale domestic. applications, can also be used for the green ecological farming region or the special ecosystem (as the ecological life-support systems of the bio-regeneration of the following moon, Mars space base).

Specific implementation method:

Embodiments of the invention 1: the plant refuse of selection is the rice bar, straw and leaf vegetables root, all be ground into the 0.5cm size, according to mass ratio is the rice bar: straw: the ratio of leaf vegetables root=5: 5: 1 is mixed, adding water then and regulating moisture content is 60%, stir, become loose bulk, tile in the fermentation reactor, zymotechnique is: 55 ℃ of constant temperature anaerobic fermentations 5 days---35 ℃ of constant temperature aerobic fermentations 5 days, after fermentation is finished it being put into size is in the 25cm*40cm*15cm earthworm bioreactor, earthworm kind density is 250/kg in the reactor, is to culture under 20 ℃ of conditions can extract earthworm in 40-60 days culturing temperature.Remaining earthworm excrement can be used as ecological organic fertilizer and imposes on agricultural land soil or meadow behind the separation earthworm.

Embodiments of the invention 2: the plant refuse of selection is a rice straw, straw and leaf vegetables root, all be ground into the 0.5cm size, according to mass ratio is the rice bar: straw: the ratio of leaf vegetables root=5: 5: 1 is mixed, adding water then and regulating moisture content is 60%, stir, become loose bulk, tile in the fermentation reactor, zymotechnique is: 55 ℃ of constant temperature aerobic fermentations 5 days---35 ℃ of constant temperature aerobic fermentations 5 days, after fermentation is finished it being put into size is in the 25cm*40cm*15cm earthworm bioreactor, earthworm density is 250/kg in the reactor, is to culture under 20 ℃ of conditions can extract earthworm in 40-60 days culturing temperature.Remaining earthworm excrement can be used as ecological organic fertilizer and imposes on agricultural land soil or meadow behind the separation earthworm.

Embodiments of the invention 3: the plant refuse of selection is a rice straw, straw, fabaceous shells such as leaf vegetables root and peanut, all be ground into the 0.5cm size, according to mass ratio is the rice bar: straw: the leaf vegetables root: peanut shell=5: 5: 1: 2 ratio is mixed, adding water then and regulating moisture content is 60%, stir, become loose bulk, tile in the fermentation reactor, zymotechnique is: 55 ℃ of constant temperature aerobic fermentations 5 days---35 ℃ of constant temperature aerobic fermentations 5 days, after fermentation is finished it being put into size is in the 25cm*40cm*15cm earthworm bioreactor, earthworm density is 250/kg in the reactor, is to culture under 20 ℃ of conditions can extract earthworm in 40-60 days culturing temperature.Remaining earthworm excrement can be used as ecological organic fertilizer and imposes on agricultural land soil or meadow behind the separation earthworm.

Claims

1. method with the plant refuse recycling, it is characterized in that: plant refuse is carried out fermentation process be prepared into the earthworm compost, be used to raise earthworm, after the earthworm maturation, isolate the humus such as earthworm excrement that are left behind the earthworm and then can be used as a kind of natural ecological organic fertilizer simultaneously.

2. according to claims 1 described a kind of method with the plant refuse recycling, it is characterized in that: plant refuse is that straw, rice bar, leaf vegetables root and the fabaceous shell of peanut class, its mass ratio are the rice bar: straw: leaf vegetables root=5: 5: 1 and rice bar: straw: leaf vegetables root: peanut shell=5: 5: 1: 2.

3. according to claims 1 described a kind of method with the plant refuse recycling, it is characterized in that: zymotechnique is 120h-35 ℃ of constant temperature aerobic fermentation of 55 ℃ of constant temperature anaerobic fermentations 120h; Perhaps 120h-35 ℃ of constant temperature aerobic fermentation of 55 ℃ of constant temperature aerobic fermentations 120h.

4. according to claims 1 described a kind of method with the plant refuse recycling, it is characterized in that: after the described plant refuse fermentation, add the earthworm kind, density is 250/kg, culturing temperature is to culture under 20 ℃ of conditions to separate earthworm in 40-60 days, after measured, remaining wormcast pH value is 7-8, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content height, and contain humic acid about 10%, and organic up to more than 20%, also contain magnesium in addition, many sharp trace elements such as sulphur, iron can effectively promote the growth of crops as ecological organic fertilizer.