Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a traditional Chinese medicine feed for local chickens and a preparation method thereof, and aims to solve the problems in the background art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a traditional Chinese medicine feed for local chickens comprises the following components in parts by weight:
55 to 60 parts of corn, 2 to 3 parts of bran, 12 to 14 parts of soybean meal, 5 to 6 parts of cottonseed, 4 to 5 parts of rapeseed, 2 to 3 parts of pyroligneous, 1 to 1.5 parts of binchotan, 6 to 7 parts of limestone, 2 to 2.5 parts of calcium bicarbonate, 1.5 to 2 parts of vegetable oil, 0.24 to 0.26 part of salt, 1 to 1.5 parts of fish meal, 1 to 1.5 parts of bone meal, 0.8 to 1 part of premix and 3 to 5 parts of compound Chinese herbal medicine.
As a still further scheme of the invention: the compound Chinese herbal medicine consists of cordyceps sobolifera, astragalus mongholicus, angelica sinensis, herba epimedii, leonurus, codonopsis pilosula, eucommia ulmoides, dandelion, schizonepeta, pinellia ternate, subprostrate sophora, pericarpium citri reticulatae and achyranthes bidentata in a mass ratio of (12-15): (2-3): (3.5-4.5): (4-5): (4-6): (2-3): (2-3): (3.5-4.5): (1-2): (1-1.5): (2-3): (2-3): (1-1.5).
As a still further scheme of the invention: the premix comprises vitamins and trace elements, and the mass ratio of the vitamins to the trace elements is 1:2; said vitamin is vitamin K 3 Vitamin B 1 Vitamin B 2 Vitamin B 6 Vitamin B 12 Pantothenic acid, nicotinic acid, biotin and folic acid, wherein the mass ratio of the components is (4-5): (2.5-3.5): (8.5-9.5): (4-5): (0.017 to 0.019): (13-13): (52 to 56): (0.17 to 0.19): (1-2).
As a still further scheme of the invention: the trace elements consist of manganese elements, iron elements, zinc elements, copper elements, iodine elements and selenium elements, and the mass ratio of the trace elements is (106-110): (98 to 102): (86-90): (9-10): (0.36-0.38): (0.21-0.23).
A preparation method of a traditional Chinese medicine feed for local chickens comprises the following steps:
s1, crushing and screening: respectively crushing corn, bran, bean pulp, cottonseed and rapeseed, sieving by a 2mm sieve, and drying for later use; crushing binchotan, sieving with a 0.4mm sieve, and drying for later use; respectively pulverizing the Chinese medicinal materials, sieving with 0.8mm sieve, and oven drying;
s2, hardening and tempering: adding 55-60 parts of corn, 2-3 parts of bran, 12-14 parts of bean pulp, 5-6 parts of cottonseed and 4-5 parts of rapeseed into a tempering tank, and uniformly mixing; taking 2-3 parts of pyroligneous liquor, and mixing with drinking water according to the ratio of 1:100, heating the mixture into steam by a boiler, and performing thermal refining on the material in a thermal refining tank by the steam to soften the material, gelatinize starch and modify protein;
s3, mixing and granulating: adding the conditioned materials into a stirring tank, and then adding 1-1.5 parts of binchotan, 6-7 parts of limestone, 2-2.5 parts of calcium bicarbonate, 1.5-2 parts of vegetable oil, 0.24-1.5 parts of salt, 1-1.5 parts of fish meal and 1-1.5 parts of bone meal into the stirring tank; 0.8 to 1 part of premix and 3 to 5 parts of compound Chinese herbal medicine; and fully and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixture; feeding the mixture into a granulator for extrusion, and preparing the mixture into feed particles through ring molding;
s4, cooling and packaging: and (3) cooling the feed particles, and sealing and packaging when the temperature of the particles is reduced to 5 ℃ lower than the ambient temperature.
As a still further scheme of the invention: and the steam for thermal refining in the step S2 is dry saturated steam, the temperature is 70-80 ℃, the pressure is controlled at 0.2-0.4 MPa, and the time is controlled at 15-20S.
As a still further scheme of the invention: and the compression ratio of the circular mold of the granulator in the step S3 is 1:11 to 1:15, the gap between the compression roller and the film pressing is controlled to be 0.2-0.4 mm.
As a still further scheme of the invention: and in the step S3, the cooling time of the feed particles is controlled to be 6-9 min, and the cooling air speed is controlled to be 0.8-1.5 m/S.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the feed prepared by the invention is prepared from corn, bran, bean pulp, cottonseed, rapeseed, pyroligneous liquor, binchotan, limestone, calcium bicarbonate, vegetable oil, salt, fish meal, bone meal, premix and compound Chinese herbal medicines, the feed can obviously improve the egg yield, egg quality and laying rate of chickens, the eggs are large in size and high in ovality, the color of yolk is natural, the thickness and strength of eggshells of the eggs are large, and the eggs are not easy to damage, so that the feed is convenient to transport; meanwhile, the eggs have high freshness, high protein content and phospholipid content, low total cholesterol content and higher nutritional value, and do not contain harmful substances such as antibiotics and the like.
Detailed Description
Example one
In the embodiment of the invention, the traditional Chinese medicine feed for local chickens comprises the following components in parts by weight:
55 parts of corn, 2 parts of bran, 12 parts of soybean meal, 5 parts of cottonseed and 4 parts of soybean mealRapeseed, 2 parts of pyroligneous, 1 part of binchotan, 6 parts of limestone, 2 parts of calcium bicarbonate, 1.5 parts of vegetable oil, 0.24 part of salt, 1 part of fish meal, 1 part of bone meal, 0.8 part of premix and 3 parts of compound Chinese herbal medicines; the compound Chinese herbal medicine consists of cordyceps sobolifera, astragalus mongholicus, angelica sinensis, herba epimedii, motherwort, codonopsis pilosula, eucommia ulmoides, dandelion, schizonepeta, pinellia ternate, subprostrate sophora, pericarpium citri reticulatae and achyranthes bidentata, and the mass ratio of the Chinese herbal medicine to the compound Chinese herbal medicine is 12:2:3.5:4:4:2:2:3.5:1:1:2:2:1, the premix comprises vitamins and trace elements, and the mass ratio of the vitamins to the trace elements is 1:2; the vitamin is vitamin K 3 Vitamin B 1 Vitamin B 2 Vitamin B 6 Vitamin B 12 The food comprises pantothenic acid, nicotinic acid, biotin and folic acid, wherein the mass ratio of the pantothenic acid to the nicotinic acid is 4:2.5:8.5:4:0.017:13 to 13:52:0.17:1, the trace elements consist of manganese elements, iron elements, zinc elements, copper elements, iodine elements and selenium elements in a mass ratio of 106:98:86:9:0.36: 0.21.
A preparation method of a traditional Chinese medicine feed for local chickens comprises the following steps:
s1, crushing and screening: respectively crushing corn, bran, bean pulp, cottonseed and rapeseed, sieving by a 2mm sieve, and drying for later use; crushing binchotan, sieving with a 0.4mm sieve, and drying for later use; respectively pulverizing the Chinese medicinal materials, sieving with 0.8mm sieve, and oven drying;
s2, quenching and tempering: adding 55 parts of corn, 2 parts of bran, 12 parts of soybean meal, 5 parts of cottonseed and 4 parts of rapeseed into a tempering tank, and uniformly mixing; taking 2 parts of pyroligneous liquor, and mixing with drinking water according to the ratio of 1:100, heating the mixture into steam by a boiler, and performing thermal refining on the material in a thermal refining tank by the steam to soften the material, gelatinize starch and modify protein, thereby improving the quality and effect of pressed particles;
s3, mixing and granulating: adding the modified material into a stirring tank, and then adding 1 part of binchotan, 6 parts of limestone, 2 parts of calcium bicarbonate, 1.5 parts of vegetable oil, 0.24 part of salt, 1 part of fish meal and 1 part of bone meal into the stirring tank; 0.8 part of premix and 3 parts of compound Chinese herbal medicine; and fully and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixture; feeding the mixture into a granulator for extrusion, and preparing the mixture into feed particles through ring molding; the binchotan has rich mineral substances and trace elements, and can further strengthen the visceral functions of the chickens, improve the resistance and immunity of the chickens, promote the appetite and health of the chickens and improve the protein absorption efficiency; the wood vinegar is distillate of binchotan; it can increase the content of minerals and microelements in chicken body, and strengthen the internal organ function of chicken body; and the body of the chicken is in the best alkalescent health state by adjusting the acid-base balance of the body;
s4, cooling and packaging: and (3) cooling the feed particles, and sealing and packaging when the temperature of the particles is reduced to 5 ℃ lower than the ambient temperature.
Example two
In the embodiment of the invention, the traditional Chinese medicine feed for local chickens comprises the following components in parts by weight:
60 parts of corn, 3 parts of bran, 14 parts of soybean meal, 6 parts of cottonseed, 5 parts of rapeseed, 3 parts of pyroligneous, 1.5 parts of binchotan, 7 parts of limestone, 2.5 parts of calcium bicarbonate, 2 parts of vegetable oil, 0.26 part of salt, 1.5 parts of fish meal, 1.5 parts of bone meal, 1 part of premix and 3-5 parts of compound Chinese herbal medicine, wherein the compound Chinese herbal medicine consists of cordyceps cicadae, astragalus mongholicus, angelica sinensis, herba epimedii, leonurus, codonopsis pilosula, eucommia ulmoides, dandelion, schizonepeta, pinellia ternate, vietnamese sophora root, dried orange peel and achyranthes bidentata, and the mass ratio of the components is 15:3:4.5: 5): 6:3:3:4.5:2:1.5:3:3:1.5, the premix comprises vitamins and trace elements, and the mass ratio of the vitamins to the trace elements is 1:2; the vitamin is vitamin K 3 Vitamin B 1 Vitamin B 2 Vitamin B 6 Vitamin B 12 The food comprises pantothenic acid, nicotinic acid, biotin and folic acid, wherein the mass ratio of the pantothenic acid to the nicotinic acid is 5:3.5:9.5:5:0.019:13:56:0.19:2, the trace elements comprise manganese elements, iron elements, zinc elements, copper elements, iodine elements and selenium elements in a mass ratio of 110: 102:90:10:0.38:0.23.
a preparation method of a traditional Chinese medicine feed for local chickens comprises the following steps:
s1, crushing and screening: respectively crushing corn, bran, bean pulp, cottonseed and rapeseed, sieving by a 2mm sieve, and drying for later use; crushing binchotan, sieving with a 0.4mm sieve, and drying for later use; respectively pulverizing the Chinese medicinal materials, sieving with 0.8mm sieve, and oven drying;
s2, hardening and tempering: adding 60 parts of corn, 3 parts of bran, 14 parts of soybean meal, 6 parts of cottonseed and 5 parts of rapeseed into a tempering tank, and uniformly mixing; taking 3 parts of pyroligneous liquor, mixing with drinking water according to the ratio of 1:100, heating the mixture into steam by a boiler, and performing thermal refining on the material in a thermal refining tank by the steam to soften the material, gelatinize starch and modify protein, thereby improving the quality and effect of pressed particles;
s3, mixing and granulating: adding the conditioned materials into a stirring tank, and then adding 1.5 parts of binchotan, 7 parts of limestone, 2.5 parts of calcium bicarbonate, 2 parts of vegetable oil, 0.26 part of salt, 1.5 parts of fish meal, 1.5 parts of bone meal, 1 part of premix and 5 parts of compound Chinese herbal medicines into the stirring tank; and fully and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixture; feeding the mixture into a granulator for extrusion, and preparing the mixture into feed particles through ring molding;
s4, cooling and packaging: and (3) cooling the feed particles, and sealing and packaging when the temperature of the particles is reduced to 5 ℃ lower than the ambient temperature.
Preferably, dry saturated steam is adopted as the steam for the thermal refining in the step S2, the temperature is 70-80 ℃, the pressure is controlled to be 0.2-0.4 MPa, and the time is controlled to be 15-20S.
Preferably, the compression ratio of the ring die of the granulator in the step S3 is 1:11 to 1:15, the gap between the compression roller and the film pressing is controlled to be 0.2-0.4 mm, for local chickens of different ages, the feed has different grain sizes, for example, powder is adopted in the young stage, 2-3 mm is adopted in the growth stage, and 3-5 mm is adopted in the breeding stage.
Preferably, the cooling time of the feed particles in the step S3 is controlled to be 6-9 min, and the cooling air speed is controlled to be 0.8-1.5 m/S.
In order to better illustrate the technical effect of the present invention, it is illustrated by the following tests:
the feed prepared by the method is respectively prepared in the first embodiment and the second embodiment; the feed prepared from a traditional Chinese medicine local chicken feed (publication number: CN107373180A, publication date: 2017-11-24) disclosed by a patent net is used as a first comparative example, and the feed prepared from a traditional Chinese medicine chicken feed for improving egg laying quality and a processing method thereof (publication number: 2016-04-27, publication date: CN 104171725B) disclosed by the patent net is used as a second comparative example;
selecting 400 healthy 60-week-old female local chickens with approximately similar egg production, randomly dividing the female local chickens into 4 groups, randomly culturing 100 female local chickens in a semi-closed cage, adopting a natural illumination and artificial light supplement mode, illuminating for 12-14 h every day, keeping the henhouse temperature at 18-24 ℃ and the humidity at 45% -65%, feeding four groups of local chickens with the feed prepared in the first embodiment, the second embodiment, the first comparative example and the second comparative example, wherein the daily ratio is 8: the feed is fed once at 00 and 18 points respectively, water can be freely drunk, and the test period is 40 days.
1. Respectively detecting the antibiotic content, the heavy metal content, the hormone content, the salmonella content and the escherichia coli content of the eggs in four groups corresponding to the first example, the second example, the first comparative example and the second comparative example; and the results are recorded in table 2 below.
Table 1 harmful ingredient comparison table
From table 1, it can be derived: the first example, the second example, the first comparative example and the second comparative example have no antibiotic content, heavy metals, hormones, salmonella and escherichia coli, and further, it can be found that: the first example, the second example, the first comparative example and the second comparative example are all safe and healthy feeds.
2. The average daily egg production (total egg production per day/number of native chickens in each group, unit: g/d), average egg weight (unit: g), average daily feed intake (unit: g) and average feed-to-egg ratio (daily feed intake/egg production of chickens in each group) were recorded in four groups corresponding to example one, example two, comparative example one and comparative example two, respectively; and the results are recorded in table 2 below.
Table 2 egg-laying efficiency comparison table
From table 2, it can be derived: the average egg weight and average daily egg production in both examples one and two were significantly greater than those in comparative examples one and two; the feed-egg ratio in the first example and the second example is obviously lower than that in the first comparative example and the second comparative example; further, it can be derived that: the feed prepared by the invention is fed, the size of the head of an egg and the egg yield are both obviously improved, and the laying efficiency of the hen fed with the feed with the same weight is better.
3. On day 20 of the experiment, 10 eggs were randomly picked from each group; egg shape index (egg shape index = major/minor of egg x 100%), yolk color (colorimetry with 15 different yellow hue gradations of the roche color fan, where the most natural yolk color is 9.5 of the colorimetric calorie value), eggshell strength (unit: kg/cm 2 ) Egg shell thickness (unit: mm) and recorded in table 3 below; measurement of Hough units (100 Xlg (H-1.7W) 0.37 + 7.75), wherein H is the concentrated protein height, unit: mm; w is the egg mass unit: g) The protein content ratio in the egg white (100%), the protein content ratio in the egg yolk (100%), the phospholipid content ratio in the egg yolk and the total cholesterol content in the egg yolk (mg/g) of the eggs in each group were recorded in table 4 below;
TABLE 3 egg appearance and color contrast table
From table 3, it can be derived: the egg shape index in examples one and two is closer to 1 than in comparative examples one and two; the yolk color in examples one and two was closer to 9.5; the thickness and the strength of the eggshell in the first example and the second example are both obviously larger than those in the first comparative example and the second comparative example; further, it can be found that: when the feed prepared by the invention is fed, the ovality of eggs is higher, and the color of yolk is more natural; and the eggshell thickness and the eggshell strength of the eggs are large, so that the eggs are not easy to damage, and the transportation is convenient.
TABLE 4 comparison table of nutrient contents of eggs
From table 4, it can be derived: the half units in examples one and two are significantly smaller than the half units in comparative examples one and two; the content ratio of the protein in the egg white, the content ratio of the protein in the egg yolk and the content ratio of the phospholipid in the egg yolk in the first and second examples are all obviously greater than the content ratio of the protein in the egg white, the content ratio of the protein in the egg yolk and the content ratio of the phospholipid in the egg yolk in the first and second comparative examples; the total cholesterol content in the egg yolk in examples one and two was significantly less than the total cholesterol content in the egg yolk in comparative examples one and two; further, it can be found that: when the feed prepared by the invention is fed, the freshness of eggs is high, the protein content and phospholipid content are high, the total cholesterol content is low, and the nutritive value is higher.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention are equivalent to or changed within the technical scope of the present invention.