CN115854804A - Quasi-smooth blasting method for tunneling engineering - Google Patents
Quasi-smooth blasting method for tunneling engineering Download PDFInfo
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- CN115854804A CN115854804A CN202211681779.9A CN202211681779A CN115854804A CN 115854804 A CN115854804 A CN 115854804A CN 202211681779 A CN202211681779 A CN 202211681779A CN 115854804 A CN115854804 A CN 115854804A
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- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009751 slip forming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of engineering blasting, in particular to a quasi-smooth surface blasting method for tunneling engineering. The conventional shallow hole charging blasting roadway of blasting operation of the traditional underground tunneling engineering is poor in forming, and the blasting smooth surface is high in cost and large in construction difficulty. According to the invention, through reasonably arranging blast holes and changing the filling mode of explosives, the initiation region and the spaced explosive loading region are arranged in the peripheral blast holes positioned on the contour line of the blasting region, the initiation region of coupled explosive loading forms stable detonation waves after blasting by utilizing the shock wave sensitivity characteristic of the explosives, high-pressure and high-temperature shock waves are formed in the air of the spaced explosive loading region, the explosives in the spaced explosive loading region are induced to form unstable detonation waves, and the explosion energy is released in a limited manner; the blasting crack is controlled to develop along the adjacent blast holes during blasting, a single explosive charging hole can form a complete half blast hole trace after blasting, continuous forming is carried out, a complete excavation outline interface is finally formed, and the blasting cost is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of engineering blasting, in particular to a quasi-smooth surface blasting method for tunneling engineering.
Background
The conventional shallow hole blasting charge mode in blasting operation of the traditional underground tunneling engineering is poor in tunnel forming after blasting, particularly, broken parts of a rock body are excavated, the phenomenon of uneven contour lines appears after tunneling blasting, the phenomena of over-excavation and under-excavation are more prominent, the excavation requirement of the designed section of the tunnel is difficult to guarantee, particularly, surrounding rocks outside an excavation line are often blasted to break to form cracks, the structure of the rock body is changed, the bearing capacity is reduced, a plurality of potential safety hazards exist, even the phenomena of roof collapse, side collapse and the like occur, the surface of the rock wall is forced to be treated or protected, the workload of subsequent treatment is increased, the engineering progress is seriously influenced, and manpower and material resources are greatly wasted. Therefore, in the geotechnical blasting engineering, when the requirement on the boundary of the excavated rock mass is high, a smooth blasting construction technology is mostly tried to be adopted, namely, dense blast holes are arranged along the boundary, the action range and direction of blasting are controlled, the rock surface is prevented from cracking, so that the stability of the rock is increased, a flat rock mass excavation contour surface is formed after blasting, and the shape of the rock surface is ensured; however, the smooth blasting technology has the problems of high construction difficulty, high blasting cost, delayed construction progress due to secondary forming and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a quasi-smooth blasting method for the tunneling engineering, blast holes are arranged along an excavation area, the limited release of the explosion energy is controlled by setting different charging modes, reasonable time delay initiation and other means for the blast holes at all positions, and a more complete half blast mark is left in a roadway after blasting to form a smoother excavation profile surface.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a quasi-smooth surface blasting method for tunneling engineering is suitable for geotechnical blasting engineering with higher requirement on excavating rock mass boundaries, and comprises the following steps:
(1) Arranging a cut area in the middle of a main blasting area for designing and excavating rock mass, and intensively arranging cut holes in the cut area; peripheral blast holes are distributed along the contour line of the main blasting area, and auxiliary blast holes are distributed in the area between the cut area and the contour line of the main blasting area, so that an annular blasting buffer area is formed between the connecting line of the auxiliary blast holes on the outermost layer and the contour line of the main blasting area;
the distance between the connection line of the auxiliary blast holes of the inner layer and the cut area is less than the distance between the auxiliary blast holes;
the distance between the peripheral blast holes is less than the distance between the connecting line of the outermost auxiliary blast holes and the connecting line of the peripheral blast holes and is less than or equal to the distance between the auxiliary blast holes;
(2) Blowing all blast holes, removing rock debris and broken stones in the holes, and ensuring that no water is accumulated in the blast holes;
(3) Filling with explosive and arranging a primer, wherein
a. The cut hole adopts coupling charge;
b. the auxiliary blast hole adopts coupled charging;
c. the peripheral blast holes adopt a non-coupling charging mode:
the hole bottom of the peripheral blast hole is provided with a detonation zone, and the detonation zone is used for continuously charging and distributing detonation detonators; the outer section of the peripheral blast hole is an interval loading area, and an air interval section is axially arranged in the interval loading area for non-coupled loading;
(4) Sealing mud: after charging, filling and sealing all blast hole orifices by using stemming;
(5) Detonating:
and sequentially detonating explosives in the cut hole, the auxiliary blast holes and the peripheral blast holes, and excavating the rock slag in the blasting area.
Furthermore, the cut holes adopt a straight-hole cut or an oblique-hole cut mode, more than one empty hole without charging is needed to be arranged during the straight-hole cut, and the empty holes are not arranged during the oblique-hole cut.
Furthermore, the distance between the auxiliary blast holes is 60-70 cm.
Furthermore, the distance between the peripheral blast holes is 40-50 cm.
Furthermore, the diameter of the cut hole, the auxiliary blast hole and the peripheral blast hole is 38-42 mm.
Further, emulsion explosives or water gel explosives are filled in the peripheral blast holes, the single interval explosive in the interval explosive loading area is 300 g-400 g, and the length of the interval air section is 20 cm-40 cm; the explosive quantity of the detonation zone is 2-3 times of the interval explosive quantity.
Furthermore, the peripheral blast hole detonating detonators are arranged at 1/3-3/4 of the position of the detonating area from the bottom of the hole to the outside.
Further, emulsion explosives or water gel explosives are filled in the cut holes, and the filling length is 93 to 97 percent of the hole depth.
Further, the auxiliary blast hole is filled with emulsion explosive or water gel explosive, and the filling length is 90-93% of the hole depth.
Further, the filling length of the sealing mud in the step 4 is not less than 10cm.
The beneficial effects of the invention are:
the quasi-smooth surface blasting method for the tunneling engineering controls the blasting effect through means of reasonably arranging blast holes, a targeted explosive filling mode and the like, an initiation region and a spaced explosive loading region are arranged in the peripheral blast holes positioned on the contour line of the blasting region, the initiation region of coupled explosive loading is blasted to form stable detonation waves by using the shock wave sensitivity characteristic of the explosive, high-pressure and high-temperature shock waves are formed in the air of the spaced section of the spaced explosive loading region and are influenced by the shock waves to induce the explosive in the spaced explosive loading section to form unstable detonation waves, and the explosive energy is released in a limited manner; the reasonable spaced charging of the peripheral blast holes is matched with the delayed initiation, the development of blasting cracks along adjacent blast holes is preferably controlled during blasting, a single charging hole can form a complete half blast hole trace after blasting, and a complete excavation outline interface is formed continuously and finally.
The rock slag after being excavated by the quasi-smooth surface blasting technology has uniform lumpiness and concentrated slag piles, is convenient for slag loading and transportation, is safe and reliable, has high blast hole utilization rate and low over-excavation amount compared with the traditional mode, greatly reduces the consumption of blasting equipment required by blasting unit rock mass, and reduces the blasting cost.
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of arrangement of blast holes in a quasi-smooth blasting method according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic charge diagram of an example 1 of the quasi-smooth blasting method of the invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic charging diagram of the quasi-smooth surface blasting method in the embodiment 2.
Detailed Description
In the figure: 1-peripheral blast holes, 2-cut holes, 3-auxiliary blast holes, 4-sealing mud, 5-spacing explosive quantity, 6-air sections, 7-detonators, A-blasting buffer areas, B-cut-out areas, C-spacing explosive loading areas and D-initiation areas.
Example 1
A quasi-smooth surface blasting method for excavating engineering is suitable for the rock-soil blasting engineering with high requirement on the boundary of excavated rock, and features that different charge modes and delayed initiation are set for blast holes at different positions in the excavated area to control the limited release of explosion energy, so forming a smooth surface with excavating contour.
The method comprises the following steps:
(1) Arranging a cut area B in the middle of a main blasting area for designing and excavating rock mass, and intensively drilling cut holes 2 with the diameter of 42mm in the cut area B; the cut holes can adopt a straight-hole cut or an oblique-hole cut mode.
And drilling peripheral blast holes 1 with the diameter of 38-42 mm along the contour line of the main blasting area, wherein the peripheral blast holes 1 comprise arch line blast holes, side blast holes and bottom line blast holes.
And drilling 38-42 mm auxiliary blast holes 3 in the area between the outer part of the cutting area B and the contour line of the main blasting area, so that an annular strip-shaped equal-width blasting buffer area A is formed between the connecting line of the outermost auxiliary blast holes and the contour line of the main blasting area, and the following steps are ensured:
the distance between the peripheral blast holes is less than the distance from the connecting line of the outermost auxiliary blast holes to the connecting line of the peripheral blast holes (namely the width of the blasting buffer area A) and less than the distance between the auxiliary blast holes;
and the distance between the connecting line of the auxiliary blast holes of the inner layer and the cutting area is smaller than the distance between the auxiliary blast holes, as shown in figure 1.
In this embodiment, the positional relationship of the blast holes:
the cut holes 2 adopt straight-hole cutting, and the distance between the cut holes is 10cm; the distance between the peripheral blast holes 1 is 40cm; the distance between the auxiliary blast holes 3 is 60cm, the width of the blasting buffer area A is set to be 50cm, namely a buffer protection belt with the width of about 50cm is formed between the outer layer auxiliary blast holes and the outline line of the blasting area, and the blasting effect is prevented from being influenced by overlarge resistance line of the peripheral blast holes; and the distance from the connecting line of the innermost auxiliary blast hole to the connecting line of the outmost cut hole is reserved for 45cm.
(2) And blowing all blast holes to remove rock debris and broken stones in the holes and ensure that no water is accumulated in the blast holes.
(3) Filling emulsion explosive or water gel explosive in each blast hole, arranging detonating cap at the bottom of the hole,
wherein:
a. the method for filling the powder into the slotted hole comprises the following steps: because the embodiment is a straight-hole undercut with the hole depth of 2.2 m, more than one empty hole (such as a white hole in fig. 1) without charging is required to be arranged, and the charging hole adopts axial and radial coupling charging; and continuously charging the powder with the charging length of 93-97% of the hole depth (the charging amount in the example is 2.1 kg), and arranging a detonator in a conventional manner.
b. Auxiliary blast hole charging mode: axial and radial coupled charging is adopted; the explosive is continuously charged, the charging length is 90-93% of the hole depth (the auxiliary blast hole depth is 2.0 m in the example, and the charging amount is 1.8 kg), and the detonator is arranged in a conventional manner.
c. The charging mode of the peripheral blast holes is as follows: the peripheral blast holes are charged without coupling, a detonation zone is arranged at the bottom of each hole, and the detonation zone is charged continuously and provided with a detonation detonator; the other parts outside the peripheral blast hole detonation zone are provided with air interval section non-coupling explosive loading along the axial direction, namely the peripheral blast hole is axially divided into a detonation zone D and an interval explosive loading zone C from the bottom of the hole to the outside, the interval explosive loading zone C adopts axial air interval section non-coupling explosive loading, the interval air section is 30-40 cm, and the single interval explosive quantity in the hole is 300g; the continuous explosive loading of the detonation zone D is 600g, and a detonation detonator 7 is arranged at a position (about 45 mm) 3/4 away from the bottom end of the hole in the detonation zone D, as shown in figure 2; the single-hole charging length of the peripheral blast hole accounts for 70% -75% of the total length of the hole.
(4) Sealing mud: after charging, filling and sealing all blast hole orifices by using stemming; the filling length of the sealing mud 4 is not less than 10cm.
(5) And (3) detonating:
and sequentially detonating the cut hole, the auxiliary blast holes and the peripheral blast holes, and excavating the rock slag in the blasting area.
The blasting method of the invention utilizes the shock wave sensitivity characteristic of the explosive to form stable detonation waves, the explosive energy of the continuous explosive charging in the initiation region is completely released, high-pressure and high-temperature shock waves are formed in the interval air section of the blast hole, the interval explosive charging region is influenced by the shock waves of the continuous explosive charging region, the explosive in the interval explosive charging section is induced to form unstable detonation waves, and the explosive energy is released in a limited way. The peripheral blast holes are subjected to spaced charging, delayed initiation and other modes, so that the blasting cracks develop along the adjacent blast holes during blasting, a single charging blast hole forms a complete half blast hole trace after blasting, the peripheral blast holes are continuously formed, and a complete excavation outline interface is finally formed.
The blasting technology is established on the basis of blasting effect by utilizing the sensitivity effect of explosive shock waves, on the basis of not damaging surrounding rocks, the forming after blasting is effectively controlled, blast marks are left after explosive-loading holes are blasted, the preservation rate of the blast mark is not less than 70%, the utilization rate of the blast holes is not less than 85%, the average line overexcavation is not more than 20cm, and the maximum line overexcavation is not more than 25cm; greatly reducing the engineering quantity of over-excavation, under-excavation and supporting and increasing the stability of rocks.
In addition, the rock slag lumpiness after excavation is even, and the slag heap is concentrated, and the dress sediment transportation of being convenient for to under the prerequisite of guaranteeing blasting effect, greatly reduced the cost input of blasting unit rock mass.
Example 2
The difference between the embodiment and the embodiment 1 is that the distance between the auxiliary blast holes is 60-70 cm, and the distance between the peripheral blast holes is 45-50 cm; the width of the blasting buffer area A is less than or equal to the distance between the auxiliary blast holes, namely the width of the blasting buffer area A is not more than 60cm, and the influence of overlarge resistance lines of peripheral blast holes on the blasting effect is prevented.
The hole opening mode of the cut hole adopts inclined hole cutting without arranging empty holes.
The charging mode of the peripheral blast holes is as follows:
filling an emulsion explosive or a water gel explosive, wherein the single interval explosive quantity of the interval explosive loading area is 300g, and the interval air section is 20-30 cm; the explosive amount of the continuous explosive charging area of the initiation area is 900g (the explosive charging length of a single hole accounts for 70% -75% of the total length of the hole), and an initiation detonator is arranged at a position 45mm away from the bottom end of the hole (1/2 position of the initiation area).
Other parameters and technical features in this embodiment are the same as those in embodiment 1.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are intended to illustrate rather than limit the technical solution of the present invention, and those skilled in the art should modify the embodiments or substitute part of the technical features without departing from the spirit of the technical solution of the present invention, and the technical solution of the present invention is covered by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A quasi-smooth surface blasting method for tunneling engineering is suitable for geotechnical blasting engineering with higher requirement on excavating rock mass boundaries, and is characterized in that:
the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Arranging a cut area in the middle of a main blasting area for designing and excavating rock mass, and intensively arranging cut holes in the cut area; peripheral blast holes are distributed along the contour line of the main blasting area, and auxiliary blast holes are distributed in the area between the cut area and the contour line of the main blasting area, so that an annular blasting buffer area is formed between the connecting line of the auxiliary blast holes on the outermost layer and the contour line of the main blasting area;
the distance between the connection line of the auxiliary blast holes of the inner layer and the cut area is less than the distance between the auxiliary blast holes;
the distance between the peripheral blast holes is less than the distance between the connecting line of the outermost auxiliary blast holes and the connecting line of the peripheral blast holes and is less than or equal to the distance between the auxiliary blast holes;
(2) Blowing all blast holes, removing rock debris and broken stones in the holes, and ensuring that no water is accumulated in the blast holes;
(3) Filling with explosive and arranging a primer, wherein
a. The cut hole adopts coupling charge;
b. the auxiliary blast hole adopts coupled charging;
c. the peripheral blast holes adopt a non-coupling charging mode:
the hole bottom of the peripheral blast hole is provided with a detonation zone, and the detonation zone is used for continuously charging and distributing detonation detonators; the outer section of the peripheral blast hole is an interval loading area, and an air interval section is axially arranged in the interval loading area for non-coupled loading;
(4) Sealing mud: after charging, filling and sealing all blast hole orifices by using stemming;
(5) Detonating:
and sequentially detonating explosives in the cut hole, the auxiliary blast holes and the peripheral blast holes, and excavating the rock slag in the blasting area.
2. The quasi-smooth surface blasting method for the tunneling engineering according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the cut holes adopt a straight-hole cut or an oblique-hole cut mode, more than one empty hole without charging is needed to be arranged during the straight-hole cut, and the empty holes are not arranged during the oblique-hole cut.
3. The quasi-smooth surface blasting method for the tunneling engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that: the distance between the auxiliary blast holes is 60-70 cm.
4. The quasi-smooth surface blasting method for the tunneling engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that: the distance between the peripheral blast holes is 40-50 cm.
5. The quasi-smooth surface blasting method for the tunneling engineering according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the diameter of the cut hole, the auxiliary blast hole and the peripheral blast hole is 38-42 mm.
6. The quasi-smooth surface blasting method for the tunneling engineering according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the periphery blast holes are filled with emulsion explosives or water gel explosives, the single interval explosive in the interval loading area is 300-400 g, and the length of the interval air section is 20-40 cm; the explosive quantity of the detonation zone is 2-3 times of the interval explosive quantity.
7. The quasi-smooth surface blasting method for the tunneling engineering according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and the detonating detonators of the peripheral blast holes are arranged at 1/3-3/4 of the position of the detonating area from the bottom of the hole to the outside.
8. The quasi-smooth surface blasting method for the tunneling engineering according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and filling an emulsion explosive or a water gel explosive into the cut hole, wherein the filling length is 93 to 97 percent of the hole depth.
9. The quasi-smooth surface blasting method for the tunneling engineering according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and filling an emulsion explosive or a water gel explosive into the auxiliary blast hole, wherein the filling length is 90-93% of the hole depth.
10. The quasi-smooth surface blasting method for the tunneling engineering according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and the filling length of the sealing mud in the step 4 is not less than 10cm.
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| CN202211681779.9A CN115854804A (en) | 2022-12-27 | 2022-12-27 | Quasi-smooth blasting method for tunneling engineering |
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| CN202211681779.9A CN115854804A (en) | 2022-12-27 | 2022-12-27 | Quasi-smooth blasting method for tunneling engineering |
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Cited By (1)
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| CN115854803A (en) * | 2022-11-26 | 2023-03-28 | 中国水利水电第三工程局有限公司 | Rock-soil controlled blasting method for old industrial plant area |
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