CN113202474B - Blasting method for protecting eyebrow line by sectional caving method - Google Patents
Blasting method for protecting eyebrow line by sectional caving method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113202474B CN113202474B CN202110588086.4A CN202110588086A CN113202474B CN 113202474 B CN113202474 B CN 113202474B CN 202110588086 A CN202110588086 A CN 202110588086A CN 113202474 B CN113202474 B CN 113202474B
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- blasting
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- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 210000004709 eyebrow Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010878 waste rock Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/22—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for ores, e.g. mining placers
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a blasting method for protecting eyebrow line by a sublevel caving method, which comprises sublevel stoping, rock drilling in stoping roadways, arranging upward sector medium-deep holes, blasting, stoping and ore drawing, wherein the upward sector medium-deep holes are main blastholes, and the blasting method is characterized in that sector pre-cracking holes are drilled among the main blastholes, then explosive charging and blasting are carried out, wherein the explosive charging is carried out by filling explosive in two side holes and one hole in the middle of the main blastholes, and the distance between other holes and the hole opening is 10% -15% of the height of the sublevel section, the explosive charging is carried out directly and blocked; the blasting adopts differential blasting, and the blasting sequence is as follows: the sector pre-cracks Kong Xian are blasted together, and the main blastholes start to be blasted to two sides in a sectional differential way through the middle hole. The invention has the advantages that: greatly reduces the damage rate of the eyebrow line, ensures the safety and ensures the orderly production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of underground mine caving mining, and particularly relates to a blasting method for protecting eyebrow lines by a sublevel caving method.
Background
Underground mine adopts a sublevel caving mining method without a bottom column for many years, and the technology is mature. The whole stoping process of the mining method is completed in the stoping route. Therefore, the stope route keeps a good stable state, and the method has great significance for mine safety production and improvement of stope economic benefit.
However, when the ore body is not very stable, as the free surface is arranged at the hole opening of the fan-shaped blast hole, the hole openings are densely filled, and after the brow line is broken in the stoping blasting process, the hole openings of the next row of blast holes are broken down, so that the filled holes are buried by slag, the filling holes cannot be filled, the next stoping blasting is brought with extremely adverse factors, and the blasting overhead phenomenon is easily caused because the hole rows are buried for the non-filled blasting. The difficulty of suspended ceiling treatment and secondary crushing is increased. In addition, brow line damage can have an effect on ore flowability, altering the flow rate of local ore, leading to early depletion of ore during recovery. Under the condition that the stope structural parameters such as the sectional height, the ore drawing step distance and the like are unchanged, the ore recovery rate gradually decreases along with the gradual increase of the damage degree of the brow line, and the waste rock mixing rate gradually increases. If the blast hole is deformed, the subsequent blasting operation cannot be performed. The protection of the brow line solves the problem of normal blasting of the rear-row blast holes of unstable ore bodies.
At present, a natural caving method of ore mouth brow line support is usually adopted for protecting brow lines of an unstable ore body by a non-sill pillar sublevel caving method, and the brow line support is only carried out by adopting a steel arch frame and a reinforced concrete support piece, but the method is a permanent support, and once the brow lines are formed, the brow lines cannot be damaged. The method is not suitable for protecting the sublevel caving eyebrow line without the bottom column, and the protection purpose is different.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a blasting method for protecting the brow line by a sublevel caving method, which can protect the brow line of an ore drawing port in the stoping blasting process of unstable ores.
The aim of the invention is achieved by the following technical scheme.
The invention relates to a blasting method for protecting a brow line by a sublevel caving method, which comprises sublevel stoping, rock drilling in a stoping roadway, arranging upward sector medium-deep holes, blasting, stoping and ore drawing, wherein the upward sector medium-deep holes are main blastholes, and the blasting method is characterized in that sector pre-cracking holes are drilled among the main blastholes, then explosive loading and blasting are carried out, the explosive loading is carried out on two side holes and a middle hole of the main blastholes, the explosive loading is carried out on the parts, with the distance between other holes and the hole opening being 10% -15% of the height of the sublevel section, the explosive loading is carried out at intervals among the sector pre-cracking holes, and the explosive loading is carried out directly; the blasting adopts differential blasting, and the blasting sequence is as follows: the sector pre-cracks Kong Xian are blasted together, and the main blastholes start to be blasted to two sides in a sectional differential way through the middle hole.
Preferably, if the ore breaking step distance is the row distance of a row of holes, the fan-shaped pre-cracking holes are chiseled between every two adjacent rows of main explosion holes; if the ore breaking step distance is the row distance of two rows of holes, the fan-shaped pre-cracking holes are chiseled among the main explosion holes, and a row of fan-shaped pre-cracking holes are chiseled among every four adjacent rows of main explosion holes.
Preferably, the hole depth of the sector pre-cracking hole is 10% -15% of the height of the segmented section, and the aperture of the sector pre-cracking hole is 10% -15% smaller than that of the main explosion hole.
Preferably, the row surface angle of the main explosion hole is inclined forwards by 75-90 degrees.
The invention has the advantages that: the invention arranges the sector pre-cracking holes between the upward sector medium-length holes, adopts sector pre-cracking Kong Xian to perform concurrent blasting, and starts to perform sectional differential blasting from the middle hole to the two sides, thereby greatly reducing the damage rate of the brow line, ensuring normal blasting of the blasting hole after unstable ore body and ensuring orderly subsequent production.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a blast hole arrangement.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 1, A-A'.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of B-B' of FIG. 1.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the borehole charge of fig. 2.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the borehole charge of fig. 3.
Description of the embodiments
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings,
1-5, the blasting method for protecting the brow line by the sublevel caving method comprises sublevel stoping, rock drilling in a stoping roadway 5, arranging upward sector medium-deep holes, blasting, stoping and ore extraction, wherein the upward sector medium-deep holes are main blastholes 2, and the blasting method is characterized in that sector pre-cracking holes 3 are chiseled among the main blastholes 2, then explosive charging and blasting are carried out, explosive charging is carried out on two side holes and a middle hole of the main blastholes 2, and other hole distance hole spacing is 10% -15% of the height of the sublevel section, and the explosive charging is carried out directly, as shown in fig. 4; the sector pre-cracking holes 3 are filled with the powder at intervals, as shown in fig. 5; the blasting adopts differential blasting, and the blasting sequence is as follows: the sector pre-cracking holes 3 are firstly subjected to concurrent blasting, and the main blasting holes 2 start to be subjected to sectional differential blasting towards two sides by the middle hole.
As an example, if the ore-breaking step is the row pitch of a row of holes, the fan-shaped pre-cracking holes 3 are chiseled between every two adjacent rows of main explosion holes 2, and a row of fan-shaped pre-cracking holes 3 are chiseled between every two adjacent rows of main explosion holes 2; if the ore breaking step is the row spacing of two rows of holes, the fan-shaped pre-cracking holes 3 are chiseled among the main explosion holes 2, and a row of fan-shaped pre-cracking holes 3 are chiseled among every four adjacent rows of main explosion holes 2.
The hole depth of the sector pre-cracking hole is 10% -15% of the height of the segmented section, and the aperture of the sector pre-cracking hole is 10% -15% smaller than that of the main explosion hole. The diameter of the main explosion hole 2 in this example is 60mm, and the diameter of the fan-shaped pre-cracking hole 3 is 50mm. The sectional height of the example is 15m, and the hole depth of the fan-shaped pre-cracking hole 3 is 1.5m-2m higher than the height of the top plate 9 of the stoping roadway.
The row face angle of the main explosion hole 2 is inclined forward by 80 degrees, and the row face angle of the fan-shaped pre-cracking hole 3 is inclined forward by 80 degrees with the row face angle of the main explosion hole 2.
In the figure: 1 is a eyebrow line, 4 is a slag pile, 6 is a pre-cracking hole charging position, 7 is a main explosion hole charging position, 8 is a detonator section, and 9 is a top plate of a stoping roadway. The detonator sections 8 show the conditions of the detonator sections of the differential blasting. During blasting, the main blasthole 2 and the fan-shaped pre-cracking hole 3 are used as a whole to be blasted together, the fan-shaped pre-cracking hole 3 adopts 1-section detonators to be blasted together, the main blasthole 2 starts 2 nd section detonators, 3 rd section detonators, 4 th section detonators, 5 th section detonators, 6 th section detonators and 7 th section detonators with middle holes, and the differential blasting is that the fan-shaped pre-cracking hole 3 is subjected to pre-cracking blasting in advance, a pre-cracking surface is formed firstly, and the main blasthole 2 is blasted later to protect a brow line, reduce blasting vibration and improve crushing effect.
Of course, the technology of increasing the sector pre-cracking holes by the segment collapse method and performing the concurrent explosion to form the pre-cracking face to protect the eyebrow line is not limited to the technology of performing the differential explosion on the main explosion hole 2, so long as the sector pre-cracking holes are performed by performing the concurrent explosion to form the pre-cracking face, and the main explosion hole is detonated to protect the eyebrow line. And simultaneously, the vertical or backward inclined medium-deep hole can also adopt the technology of pre-cracking and protecting the brow line in advance. Such technical variants fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A blasting method for protecting eyebrow line by sectional caving method includes sectional stoping, rock drilling in stoping tunnel, arranging upward sector medium deep hole, blasting, stoping and ore extracting, the upward sector medium deep hole is main blasthole, characterized in that sector pre-cracking holes are drilled between main blastholes, then explosive charging and blasting are carried out, explosive charging is carried out on two side holes and middle hole of main blasthole, explosive charging is carried out on part with 10% -15% of the distance between other holes and the hole opening being the sectional section, explosive charging is carried out directly, and explosive charging is carried out at intervals between the sector pre-cracking holes; the blasting adopts differential blasting, and the blasting sequence is as follows: sector pre-cracking Kong Xian is subjected to concurrent blasting, and the main blasthole starts to be subjected to sectional differential blasting towards two sides by the middle hole;
if the ore breaking step distance is the row distance of a row of holes, the step of chiseling the fan-shaped pre-cracking holes among the main explosion holes is to chisele a row of fan-shaped pre-cracking holes in the middle of every two adjacent rows of main explosion holes; if the ore breaking step distance is the row distance of two rows of holes, the step of chiseling the fan-shaped pre-cracking holes among the main explosion holes is to chisele a row of fan-shaped pre-cracking holes among every four adjacent rows of main explosion holes;
the hole depth of the fan-shaped pre-cracking hole is 10% -15% of the height of the segmented section, and the aperture of the fan-shaped pre-cracking hole is 10% -15% smaller than that of the main explosion hole;
during blasting, the main blasthole and the fan-shaped pre-cracking hole are integrated, the fan-shaped pre-cracking hole is blasted by adopting 1 section of detonators, and the main blasthole starts detonators of the 2 nd section, the 3 rd section, the 4 th section, the 5 th section, the 6 th section and the 7 th section by using the middle hole, and detonates to two sides in a segmented manner.
2. The blasting method for protecting eyebrow lines by segment collapse method according to claim 1, wherein the row angle of the main blastholes is inclined forward by 75 ° -90 °.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110588086.4A CN113202474B (en) | 2021-05-28 | 2021-05-28 | Blasting method for protecting eyebrow line by sectional caving method |
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| CN202110588086.4A CN113202474B (en) | 2021-05-28 | 2021-05-28 | Blasting method for protecting eyebrow line by sectional caving method |
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| CN113202474A CN113202474A (en) | 2021-08-03 |
| CN113202474B true CN113202474B (en) | 2023-08-11 |
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| CN202110588086.4A Active CN113202474B (en) | 2021-05-28 | 2021-05-28 | Blasting method for protecting eyebrow line by sectional caving method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113482618B (en) * | 2021-08-04 | 2023-07-25 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Mining method for assisting caving |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2230579C2 (en) * | 1972-06-06 | 1974-07-18 | Physics International Co., San Leandro, Calif. (V.St.A.) | Method for excavating cavities from a rock body and devices for carrying out the method |
| CN110779403A (en) * | 2019-09-25 | 2020-02-11 | 昆明理工大学 | Hole-by-hole initiation presplitting blasting crack forming method for open-air deep hole step presplitting hole under complex environment |
-
2021
- 2021-05-28 CN CN202110588086.4A patent/CN113202474B/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2230579C2 (en) * | 1972-06-06 | 1974-07-18 | Physics International Co., San Leandro, Calif. (V.St.A.) | Method for excavating cavities from a rock body and devices for carrying out the method |
| CN110779403A (en) * | 2019-09-25 | 2020-02-11 | 昆明理工大学 | Hole-by-hole initiation presplitting blasting crack forming method for open-air deep hole step presplitting hole under complex environment |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 四方金矿回采巷道眉线破坏控制技术措施;涂旭东等;现代矿业;第194-196页 * |
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