CN108489350A - Smooth blasting construction method for rapid tunneling of upper step of grade-III surrounding rock tunnel - Google Patents
Smooth blasting construction method for rapid tunneling of upper step of grade-III surrounding rock tunnel Download PDFInfo
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- CN108489350A CN108489350A CN201810246380.5A CN201810246380A CN108489350A CN 108489350 A CN108489350 A CN 108489350A CN 201810246380 A CN201810246380 A CN 201810246380A CN 108489350 A CN108489350 A CN 108489350A
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- surrounding rock
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- blasting hole
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- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011378 shotcrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/006—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries by making use of blasting methods
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a smooth blasting construction method for rapidly tunneling an upper step of a grade-III surrounding rock tunnel, which is characterized in that an upper step excavation area, an upper step excavation boundary, a lower step excavation area and a lower step excavation boundary are divided on an excavation section of the grade-III surrounding rock tunnel; keeping the reasonable distance between the primary support structure and the tunnel face to be 2-3 times of the distance of the single-cycle footage; performing rapid tunneling smooth blasting on the upper step excavation area; and controlling the damage of the tunneling blasting to the tunnel surrounding rock by using the rapid tunneling smooth blasting. The method can effectively control the damage of tunneling blasting to the tunnel surrounding rock, fully exert the self-stability capability of the surrounding rock, keep a reasonable distance between the primary supporting structure and the tunnel face, avoid the phenomenon of overbreak caused by the limitation of the primary supporting structure on peripheral light blasting holes, improve the tunneling construction efficiency and reduce the engineering cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the blasting construction methods in tunnelling works, more particularly to be used for III grade of country rock and integrality compared with
Good tunnel top bar speedy drivage Smooth Blasting Construction method.
Background technology
Currently, mostly using benching tunnelling method for the excavation of III level surrounding rock tunnel, wherein top bar is using sinking and blasting, leave from office
Rank forms tunnel using horizontal shallow hole explosion, since sinking and blasting causes to damage to tunnel surrounding, it is desirable that preliminary bracing is immediately following the palm
Sub- face；But because being limited by preliminary bracing structure, the periphery hole arrangement of tunnel photoface exploision cannot be in completely level, and generation can not
What is avoided backbreaks and owes digging phenomenon, and explosion profile concave-convex surface is not smoother；Wherein, backbreak part need increase gunite concrete
Dosage owes to dig the sharp stone that part needs secondary benefit big gun to excavate protrusion, it is clear that because of the appearance of out break phenomenon, seriously affect construction
Progress, and increase the quantities of preliminary bracing structure, therefore engineering cost increases.
Invention content
The present invention is that it is quick to provide a kind of III level surrounding rock tunnel top bar to avoid the problems of above-mentioned prior art
Driving face explosive construction method improves tunnel boring efficiency, drop to effectively control the out break that tunnel photoface exploision generates
Low engineering cost.
The present invention is to solve technical problem to adopt the following technical scheme that：
The characteristics of III level surrounding rock tunnel top bar speedy drivage Smooth Blasting Construction method of the invention is：
Top bar excavation area is divided on III level surrounding rock tunnel excavated section, top bar excavates boundary, excavation area of getting out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation
Boundary is excavated with getting out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation；For top bar excavation area, using photoface exploision method, 2~3 cycles of driving tunnel rulers in advance so that
It is the distance that 2~3 cycles tunnel ruler jc to maintain distance L, the distance L between supporting construction and face in the early stage.
The characteristics of III level surrounding rock tunnel top bar speedy drivage Smooth Blasting Construction method of the invention, lies also in：On described
In bench excavation area, Cut Blasting hole and the auxiliary wedge shaped arrangement in Cut Blasting hole, wherein Cut Blasting hole and face it
Between angle be 30 °~45 °, it is 55 °~80 ° to assist the angle between Cut Blasting hole and face, and the light on periphery is arranged
The angle that face blast hole and top bar are excavated between boundary is 5 °~10 °, bottom plate blast hole and outermost layer sinking and blasting hole with
Face is arranged vertically, and single cycle drilling depth jc is 1.5~3.5m.
The characteristics of III level surrounding rock tunnel top bar speedy drivage Smooth Blasting Construction method of the invention, lies also in：The slotting
Blast hole, auxiliary Cut Blasting hole and sinking and blasting hole are all made of continuous charging structure, and the stemming length of blasthole mouth is not less than
0.8m；All kinds of blastholes 1. -6. millisecond detonating between row successively in order, short-delay time is 50ms between row；
Sequence is 1.：It is in the Cut Blasting hole at middle part；
Sequence is 2.：The auxiliary Cut Blasting hole adjacent with Cut Blasting hole；
Sequence is 3.：The internal layer sinking and blasting hole adjacent with auxiliary Cut Blasting hole；
Sequence is 4.：It is in the arch sinking and blasting hole at interior arch position；
Sequence is 5.：It is in the outermost layer sinking and blasting hole that top bar excavates the inner circumferential on boundary；
Sequence is 6.：After outermost layer sinking and blasting hole is detonated, delay 100ms while detonate photoface exploision hole and bottom plate
Blast hole realizes III level surrounding rock tunnel top bar speedy drivage Smooth Blasting Construction.
The characteristics of III level surrounding rock tunnel top bar speedy drivage Smooth Blasting Construction method of the invention, lies also in：The smooth surface
Emulsion or 2# rock an-tnt explosive of the explosion using 11~15 × 100, it is 100g that powder stick, which is often rolled up, and each photoface exploision hole is adopted
It is detonated with primacord, the fuse arming test experiment initiation is uniformly distributed powder stick and is bundled on detonation primacord, in blasthole mouth
Stemming length be not less than 40cm；The detonation primacord in each photoface exploision hole is connected with the main biography primacord in aperture, detonating capsule
It is arranged on main biography primacord.
Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the beneficial effect that：
1, the method for the present invention can effectively control the out break of Upon Blasting for Tunnel Driving generation, improve set of tunneling construction efficiency,
Reduce engineering cost.
2, III level surrounding rock tunnel top bar is excavated using speedy drivage smooth Surface Blasting Technology in the method for the present invention,
Damage of the sinking and blasting to tunnel surrounding can be effectively controlled, self is given full play to, makes preliminary bracing structure and area
Appropriate distance is kept between face.
3, the method for the present invention is equally applicable to the preferable IV level surrounding rock tunnel top bar speedy drivage photoface exploision of integrality and applies
Work.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the up/down steps division schematic diagram that the method for the present invention is applied to that III level surrounding rock tunnel excavates；
Fig. 2 is the preliminary bracing structure and the signal of area distance between the surface that the method for the present invention is applied to that III level surrounding rock tunnel excavates
Figure；
Fig. 3 is the top bar blasthole facade arrangement schematic diagram that the method for the present invention is applied to that III level surrounding rock tunnel excavates；
Fig. 4 is the top bar blasthole horizontal layout schematic diagram that the method for the present invention is applied to that III level surrounding rock tunnel excavates；
Fig. 5 is the top bar hole charge schematic diagram that the method for the present invention is applied to that III level surrounding rock tunnel excavates；
Fig. 6 the method for the present invention is applied to the top bar firing order schematic diagram that III level surrounding rock tunnel excavates；
Fig. 7 the method for the present invention is applied to the peripheral light blast hole charge constitution schematic diagram that III level surrounding rock tunnel excavates；
Figure label：1 face, 2 preliminary bracing structures, 3 top bar excavation areas, 4 top bars excavate boundary, and 5 get out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation
Excavation area, 6, which get out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation, excavates boundary；10 Cut Blasting holes, 11 auxiliary Cut Blasting holes, 12 outermost layer sinking and blasting holes, in 12a
Layer sinking and blasting hole, the arch 12b sinking and blasting hole, 13 bottom plate blast holes, 22 photoface exploision holes, 40 main biography primacords, 41 detonations
Primacord, 42 detonating capsules, 43 powder sticks.
Specific implementation mode
Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, III level surrounding rock tunnel top bar speedy drivage Smooth Blasting Construction in the present embodiment
Method is that top bar excavation area 3, top bar excavation boundary 4, excavation area of getting out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation are divided on III level surrounding rock tunnel excavated section
5 and get out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation excavate boundary 6；For top bar excavation area 3, using photoface exploision method, 2~3 cycles of driving tunnel ruler jc in advance,
So that maintaining distance L between supporting construction 2 and face 1 in the early stage, distance L is the distance that 2~3 cycles tunnel ruler jc.
As shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, in top bar excavation area 3, Cut Blasting hole 10 and auxiliary Cut Blasting hole 11 are in wedge
Shape is arranged, wherein the angle between Cut Blasting hole 10 and face is that α is 30 °~45 °, auxiliary Cut Blasting hole 11 and the palm
Angle β between sub- face is 55 °~80 °, is arranged between boundary is inwardly excavated in the photoface exploision hole 22 on periphery with top bar
Angle is 5 °~10 °, and bottom plate blast hole 13 and outermost layer sinking and blasting hole 12 are arranged vertically with face, single cycle drilling depth jc
For 1.5~3.5m, in the present embodiment, the radius of top bar is 5~7m, according to space size, in outermost layer sinking and blasting hole 12
Internal layer sinking and blasting hole 12a and arch sinking and blasting hole 12b is also distributed on position between auxiliary Cut Blasting hole 11,
There is about 85 ° of angle between middle internal layer sinking and blasting hole 12a and face, arch sinking and blasting hole 12b hangs down with face
Straight arrangement.
As shown in figure 5, for Cut Blasting hole 10, auxiliary Cut Blasting hole 11, sinking and blasting hole 12, internal layer sinking and blasting
Hole 12a and arch sinking and blasting hole 12b is all made of continuous charging structure, continuous charging section y1 as shown in Figure 5, blasthole mouth
Blocking section d1 length be not less than 0.8m.
Shown in Fig. 6, in construction, all kinds of blastholes 1. -6. millisecond detonating between row successively in order, short-delay time is between row
50ms：
Sequence is 1.：It is in the Cut Blasting hole 10 at middle part；
Sequence is 2.：The auxiliary Cut Blasting hole 11 adjacent with Cut Blasting hole 10；
Sequence is 3.：The internal layer sinking and blasting hole 12a adjacent with auxiliary Cut Blasting hole 11；
Sequence is 4.：The arch sinking and blasting hole 12b being at interior arch position；
Sequence is 5.：It is in the outermost layer sinking and blasting hole 12 that top bar excavates the inner circumferential on boundary；
Sequence is 6.：After outermost layer sinking and blasting hole 12 is detonated, delay 100ms while detonate photoface exploision hole 22 and bottom plate
Blast hole 13 realizes III level surrounding rock tunnel top bar speedy drivage Smooth Blasting Construction.
As shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7, in the present embodiment, photoface exploision uses the emulsion or 2# rocks of φ 11~15 × 100
AN-TNT containing explosive, it is 100g that powder stick 43, which is often rolled up, and each photoface exploision hole 22 is all made of primacord and detonates, and fuse arming test experiment initiation is by medicine
Volume 43 is uniformly distributed and is bundled on detonation primacord 41, is not less than 40cm in the stemming length of blasthole mouth；Each photoface exploision hole
22 detonation primacord 41 is connected with the main biography primacord 40 in aperture, and detonating capsule 42 is arranged on main biography primacord 40.
As shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, for top bar explosion specifically using following related blasting parameter：
Cut Blasting hole 10：
Aperture burden w1=0.7~0.9m；
Blasthole spacing a1=0.4~0.6m；
Blasthole array pitch b1=0.6~0.8m；
Blasthole aperture is away from T1=4~6m；
Blasthole bottom hole pitch t1=0.2~0.4m；
Blasthole ultra-deep h1=0.2~0.4m；
Dip angle of hole α=30 °~45 °；
Explosive specific consumption q=1.6~2.2kg/m3；
Single hole explosive payload：Q=1.6~2.2kg；
Assist Cut Blasting hole 11：
Blasthole spacing a2=0.4~0.6m；
Blasthole array pitch b2=0.6~0.8m；
Blasthole ultra-deep h2=0.2~0.4m；
Dip angle of hole β=55 °~80 °；
Explosive specific consumption q=1.0~1.2kg/m3；
Single hole explosive payload：Q=1.4~2.0kg；
Sinking and blasting hole 11：
Blasthole spacing a3=0.8~1.1m；
Blasthole array pitch b3=0.8~1.1m；
Explosive specific consumption q=0.8~1.0kg/m3；
Single hole explosive payload：Q=1.0~1.2kg；
Bottom plate blast hole 13：
Blasthole spacing a4=0.8~1.1m；
Explosive specific consumption q=0.8~1.0kg/m3；
Single hole explosive payload：Q=1.0~1.2kg；
Single hole explosive payload Q calculates true according to linear charging density ρ=120~150g/m (complete opening length average value) and hole depth
It is fixed.
The method of the present invention has successfully met the tendency of the main projects pulp-water spring tunnel for prolonging engineering for South 2nd Ring Road South Road east of helping
Among the construction in road, barrel penetrating ground is mainly upper Pleistocene series silty clay, the Ordovician system and Cambrian limestone, dolomitic limestone
And biocalcarenite, surrounding rock mass classification are III grade, IV grade, V grade of country rock, tunnel uses separate structure pattern, left and right width
At a distance of about 14-31m.For moon cavitation of constructing up to 160 meters, the duration carries the previous year than the design duration.
Claims (4)
1. III level surrounding rock tunnel top bar speedy drivage Smooth Blasting Construction method, it is characterized in that：
Top bar excavation area (3) are divided on III level surrounding rock tunnel excavated section, top bar excavates boundary (4), excavation of getting out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation
Area (5) and excavation boundary (6) of getting out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation；For top bar excavation area (3), using photoface exploision method, driving 2~3 recycles in advance
Tunnel ruler so that it is 2~3 cycles to maintain distance L, the distance L between supporting construction (2) and face (1) in the early stage
Tunnel the distance of ruler jc.
2. III level surrounding rock tunnel top bar speedy drivage Smooth Blasting Construction method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that：
In the top bar excavation area (3), Cut Blasting hole (10) and auxiliary Cut Blasting hole (11) wedge shaped arrangement, wherein
Angle of the Cut Blasting hole (10) between face is 30 °~45 °, folder of auxiliary Cut Blasting hole (11) between face
Angle is 55 °~80 °, and the angle being arranged between the photoface exploision hole (22) on periphery and top bar excavation boundary is 5 °~10 °, bottom
Plate blast hole (13) and outermost layer sinking and blasting hole (12) are arranged vertically with face, and single cycle drilling depth jc is 1.5~3.5m.
3. III level surrounding rock tunnel top bar speedy drivage Smooth Blasting Construction method according to claim 2, it is characterized in that：
The Cut Blasting hole (10), auxiliary Cut Blasting hole (11) and sinking and blasting hole (12) are all made of continuous charging structure, blasthole
The stemming length of mouth is not less than 0.8m；All kinds of blastholes 1. -6. millisecond detonating between row successively in order, short-delay time is between row
50ms；
Sequence is 1.：It is in the Cut Blasting hole (10) at middle part；
Sequence is 2.：The auxiliary Cut Blasting hole (11) adjacent with Cut Blasting hole (10)；
Sequence is 3.：The adjacent internal layer sinking and blasting hole (12a) with auxiliary Cut Blasting hole (11)；
Sequence is 4.：It is in the arch sinking and blasting hole (12b) at interior arch position；
Sequence is 5.：It is in the outermost layer sinking and blasting hole (12) that top bar excavates the inner circumferential on boundary；
Sequence is 6.：Outermost layer sinking and blasting hole (12) detonate after, delay 100ms simultaneously detonate photoface exploision hole (22) and
Bottom plate blast hole (13) realizes III level surrounding rock tunnel top bar speedy drivage Smooth Blasting Construction.
4. III level surrounding rock tunnel top bar speedy drivage Smooth Blasting Construction method according to claim 3, it is characterized in that：
Emulsion or 2# rock an-tnt explosive of the photoface exploision using 11~15 × 100, it is 100g, each light that powder stick (43), which is often rolled up,
Face blast hole (22) is all made of primacord and detonates, and the fuse arming test experiment initiation is that powder stick (43) is uniformly distributed and has been bundled in
On quick-fried primacord (41), it is not less than 40cm in the stemming length of blasthole mouth；The detonation primacord (41) of each photoface exploision hole (22)
It is connected with the main biography primacord (40) in aperture, detonating capsule (42) is arranged on main biography primacord (40).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810246380.5A CN108489350A (en) | 2018-03-23 | 2018-03-23 | Smooth blasting construction method for rapid tunneling of upper step of grade-III surrounding rock tunnel |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201810246380.5A CN108489350A (en) | 2018-03-23 | 2018-03-23 | Smooth blasting construction method for rapid tunneling of upper step of grade-III surrounding rock tunnel |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109682270A (en) * | 2019-01-18 | 2019-04-26 | 湖北宜化江家墩矿业有限公司 | A kind of construction technology for tunneling keyhole |
| CN110567329A (en) * | 2019-08-09 | 2019-12-13 | 中铁七局集团有限公司 | differential blasting vibration and flyrock control method |
| CN111351408A (en) * | 2020-05-11 | 2020-06-30 | 中铁上海工程局集团有限公司 | Surrounding rock tunnel ultra-short excavation blasting construction method |
| CN112781459A (en) * | 2021-01-26 | 2021-05-11 | 中铁十八局集团有限公司 | Small-section water conservancy tuff tunnel overbreak control method |
| CN113834393A (en) * | 2021-09-26 | 2021-12-24 | 安徽理工大学 | Internal-throwing type step blasting method |
| CN114719698A (en) * | 2022-05-13 | 2022-07-08 | 中铁四局集团有限公司 | Ultra-long lower step blasting construction method based on blasting refinement analysis |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103123247A (en) * | 2013-01-07 | 2013-05-29 | 重庆建工集团股份有限公司 | Damping blasting method for steep dip small crossing angle layered surrounding rock small-distance tunnel excavation |
-
2018
- 2018-03-23 CN CN201810246380.5A patent/CN108489350A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103123247A (en) * | 2013-01-07 | 2013-05-29 | 重庆建工集团股份有限公司 | Damping blasting method for steep dip small crossing angle layered surrounding rock small-distance tunnel excavation |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109682270A (en) * | 2019-01-18 | 2019-04-26 | 湖北宜化江家墩矿业有限公司 | A kind of construction technology for tunneling keyhole |
| CN110567329A (en) * | 2019-08-09 | 2019-12-13 | 中铁七局集团有限公司 | differential blasting vibration and flyrock control method |
| CN111351408A (en) * | 2020-05-11 | 2020-06-30 | 中铁上海工程局集团有限公司 | Surrounding rock tunnel ultra-short excavation blasting construction method |
| CN112781459A (en) * | 2021-01-26 | 2021-05-11 | 中铁十八局集团有限公司 | Small-section water conservancy tuff tunnel overbreak control method |
| CN113834393A (en) * | 2021-09-26 | 2021-12-24 | 安徽理工大学 | Internal-throwing type step blasting method |
| CN114719698A (en) * | 2022-05-13 | 2022-07-08 | 中铁四局集团有限公司 | Ultra-long lower step blasting construction method based on blasting refinement analysis |
| CN114719698B (en) * | 2022-05-13 | 2023-11-03 | 中铁四局集团有限公司 | Ultra-long lower step blasting construction method based on blasting refinement analysis |
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Application publication date: 20180904 |