CN113698256A - Sugarcane leaf fast-rotting returning method - Google Patents
Sugarcane leaf fast-rotting returning method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113698256A CN113698256A CN202111098140.3A CN202111098140A CN113698256A CN 113698256 A CN113698256 A CN 113698256A CN 202111098140 A CN202111098140 A CN 202111098140A CN 113698256 A CN113698256 A CN 113698256A
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/10—Addition or removal of substances other than water or air to or from the material during the treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/80—Separation, elimination or disposal of harmful substances during the treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
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- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural waste treatment, and particularly discloses a sugarcane top fast-rotting returning method, which comprises the following steps: mixing sugarcane leaves and cow dung according to a ratio of 5-6: 1 to obtain a fermentation raw material, and then adding 2-3% of an accelerator into the fermentation raw material to obtain a mixed material; adding a fermentation inoculum into the mixed material obtained in the step (1), uniformly mixing, stacking and fermenting; when fermenting for 5-7 days, turning over the piles, and then continuing fermenting for 7-10 days to obtain the sugarcane top decomposed organic fertilizer; and spreading the sugarcane top decomposed organic fertilizer on the surface of the field, and then carrying out rotary tillage to the soil to finish the sugarcane top returning. According to the method for quickly rotting and returning the sugarcane leaves to the field, the accelerator and the fermentation microbial inoculum are matched to thoroughly decompose the sugarcane leaves, so that the rotting period of the sugarcane leaves is greatly shortened, the problem that the sugarcane leaves are slowly rotted in the field is solved, the sugarcane leaves are rotted to become the organic fertilizer to be applied to the field, the soil fertility is improved, and the application amount of the chemical fertilizer is reduced. The sugarcane leaves are recycled, and the resource waste is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural waste treatment, and particularly relates to a sugarcane top fast-rotting returning method.
Background
Sugarcane is an important economic crop in China, is an important sugar crop and energy crop, and is widely planted in Guangxi areas. The sugarcane stalks are edible, have the effects of removing heat, promoting the production of body fluid, descending qi, moistening dryness and the like, are important raw materials for sugar production, but a large amount of sugarcane leaves generated in the production and processing process cannot be fully utilized at present, most of the sugarcane leaves are burnt and discarded except a small part of sugarcane leaves are used as animal feed, and great resource waste and serious environmental pollution are caused. The sugarcane leaves not only contain a plurality of nutrient components such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, organic matters and the like required by the growth of crops, but also can be returned to the field, so that the organic matter content of the soil can be effectively increased, the soil fertility can be improved, the water and fertilizer retention capability of the soil can be improved, the growth of the crops can be promoted, and the like. The sugarcane leaves are directly returned to the field, so that the problems that the sugarcane leaves are difficult to be used as fertilizer sources of crops in season, the utilization rate is low and the like in the long period of decomposition and conversion of the sugarcane leaves in soil exist. Therefore, the reasonable rice straw returning measures are taken, and the good returning effect can be achieved. In addition, the dairy cow breeding industry in Guangxi is more developed, and the produced cow dung is not treated and stacked in the open air, so that the environment is seriously polluted.
The sugarcane leaves are composted on site, decomposed and returned to the field for treatment, so that the reutilization of the sugarcane leaves can be better promoted, and the transportation cost is reduced. The compost maturity is a process of collectively stacking various organic matters and making the organic matters humified and harmless under the action of microorganisms to become decomposed fertilizers, and in the process of decomposing the organic matters by the microorganisms, a large amount of N, P, K compounds in an effective state capable of being absorbed and utilized by plants are generated, and humus which is an important active substance forming the soil fertility can be synthesized, so the sugarcane leaf compost maturity is an effective method for promoting the sugarcane leaves to be rapidly returned to the field and realizing efficient utilization. The prior compost decomposition technology has the problems of serious nitrogen loss, long decomposition period, low decomposition degree and the like. Therefore, the sugarcane leaves are promoted to be quickly decomposed, the nitrogen loss is reduced, the sugarcane leaves are returned to the field, and the method has important significance for reducing environmental pollution, improving the resource utilization rate and realizing agricultural sustainable development.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for quickly rotting and returning sugarcane leaves to fields, so that the defects of long rotting period, low rotting degree and the like in the sugarcane leaf returning process are overcome.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention provides a sugarcane top fast rotting and returning method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing sugarcane leaves and cow dung according to a ratio of 5-6: 1 to obtain a fermentation raw material, and then adding 2-4% of an accelerant into the fermentation raw material to obtain a mixed material;
(2) adding a fermentation inoculum into the mixed material obtained in the step (1), uniformly mixing, stacking and fermenting; when fermenting for 5-7 days, turning over the piles, and then continuing fermenting for 7-10 days to obtain the sugarcane top decomposed organic fertilizer;
(3) spreading the sugarcane top decomposed organic fertilizer on the surface of a field, and then rotary tillage into soil to complete sugarcane top returning;
the preparation method of the accelerant comprises the following steps:
s1, drying, crushing and screening bagasse to obtain bagasse powder of 50-100 meshes; adding bagasse powder into 0.5-1 mol/L sodium hydroxide solution, stirring for 3-5 h at 50-60 ℃, filtering, washing and drying to obtain pretreated bagasse powder; the bagasse is activated by using a sodium hydroxide solution, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin are dehydrated, then sodium ions enter a pore structure and can replace N, H and other atoms and part of C atoms, pores are generated at the replaced positions, and the specific surface area and the porosity of subsequent biochar are improved;
s2, pyrolyzing the pretreated bagasse powder in a nitrogen protective atmosphere to obtain biochar; the bagasse is carbonized into biochar in the nitrogen protective atmosphere, and has larger porosity and specific surface area;
s3, mixing the biochar with chlorosulfonic acid, putting the mixture into a high-pressure reaction kettle, reacting for 10-12 h at 80-100 ℃, washing with deionized water, performing suction filtration, and drying to obtain the accelerator. Chlorosulfonic acid is adopted to modify the biochar, so that the specific surface area, pore volume and porosity of the biochar are improved, and an active group-sulfonic group is introduced, so that the biochar has the effects of promoting compost fermentation and decomposition, preventing nitrogen loss and the like.
Preferably, in the sugarcane top fast-rotting and field returning method, the leavening agent comprises, by weight, 5-7 parts of bacillus mucilaginosus, 2-4 parts of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, 1-3 parts of actinomycetes, 4-6 parts of trichoderma viride and 2-3 parts of aspergillus oryzae.
Preferably, in the sugarcane top fast-rotting returning method, the addition amount of the leavening agent is 0.2-0.5% of the weight of the mixed material.
Preferably, in the sugarcane top fast-rotting and returning method, in the step (2), the mixed material is added with the fermentation inoculant, and then the water content of the mixed material is adjusted to be 50-65%.
Preferably, in the method for returning sugarcane top to the field by fast rotting, in the step S1, the volume ratio of the weight of the sugarcane top to the volume of the sodium hydroxide solution is 1g: 20-30 ml.
Preferably, in the method for returning sugarcane top to the field by fast rotting, in the step S2, the pyrolysis process parameters are as follows: the heating rate is 10-15 ℃/min, the pyrolysis temperature is 500-600 ℃, and the pyrolysis time is 2-3 h.
Preferably, in the method for returning sugarcane leaves to the field by fast rotting, in the step S3, the volume ratio of the weight of the biochar to the chlorosulfonic acid is 3g: 30-35 mL.
Preferably, in the method for rapidly rotting and returning sugarcane leaves to the field, the drying is as follows: and (3) drying by blowing at 100-120 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the method for quickly rotting and returning the sugarcane leaves to the field, the accelerator and the fermentation microbial inoculum are matched to thoroughly rot the sugarcane leaves, so that the rotting period of the sugarcane leaves is greatly shortened, the sugarcane leaves are quickly rotted and returned to the field, the problem that the sugarcane leaves are slowly rotted in the field is solved, the sugarcane leaves and the cow dung are rotted and changed into the organic fertilizer to be applied to the field, the soil fertility is improved, and the application amount of the chemical fertilizer is reduced. The sugarcane leaves and the cow dung are fermented, decomposed and returned to the field for utilization, so that the waste of agricultural resources is reduced, and the sustainable development of agriculture is facilitated.
2. According to the method for quickly rotting and returning the sugarcane leaves to the field, the accelerant is added into the fermentation material, has a large specific surface area and high porosity, and has active groups such as hydroxyl, carboxyl and sulfonic groups, so that the rotting rate of the sugarcane leaf compost can be increased, the loss of nitrogen can be reduced, the rotting degree of the organic fertilizer can be increased, and the quality and the fertility of the rotted organic fertilizer of the sugarcane leaves can be improved.
3. According to the method for rapidly rotting sugarcane leaves and returning the sugarcane leaves to the field, the fermentation inoculant is metabolized to generate a plurality of extracellular enzymes and effective components for plant growth, such as protease, amylase, cellulase, organic acid, hormone and the like, and macromolecular organic matters such as protein, cellulose and the like in the sugarcane leaves and cow dung can be effectively decomposed, so that the materials are further decomposed; various antibacterial substances are generated, heat is generated in the fermentation process, and pathogenic bacteria, parasitic ova and the like can be efficiently killed; the residual bacillus mucilaginosus, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, actinomycetes and the like in the decomposed organic fertilizer are applied to the field together with the organic fertilizer, and the effects of inhibiting bacteria, preventing insects, improving soil, improving the utilization rate of the fertilizer and the like can be achieved.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of specific embodiments of the invention is provided, but it should be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments.
Example 1
A method for rapidly rotting sugarcane leaves to field comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing sugarcane leaves and cow dung according to the ratio of 6:1 to obtain a fermentation raw material, and then adding 2.8% of an accelerant into the fermentation raw material to obtain a mixed material;
(2) adding 0.4% of fermentation inoculum of the weight of the mixed material into the mixed material obtained in the step (1), uniformly mixing, wherein the fermentation inoculum consists of 6 parts of bacillus mucilaginosus, 3.5 parts of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, 2 parts of actinomycetes, 5 parts of trichoderma viride and 3 parts of aspergillus oryzae in parts by weight, adjusting the water content of the mixed material to be 60%, and stacking and fermenting; when the fermentation is carried out for 5 days, turning over the piles, and then continuing to ferment for 10 days to obtain the organic fertilizer for the rotten sugarcane leaves;
(3) and spreading the sugarcane top decomposed organic fertilizer on the surface of the field, and then carrying out rotary tillage to the soil to finish the sugarcane top returning.
The preparation method of the accelerator comprises the following steps:
s1, drying, crushing and screening bagasse to obtain bagasse powder of 50-100 meshes; adding bagasse powder into 0.65mol/L sodium hydroxide solution, wherein the volume ratio of the weight of the bagasse to the volume of the sodium hydroxide solution is 1g:28ml, stirring for 5 hours at 50 ℃, washing to neutrality by using deionized water, and carrying out forced air drying at 120 ℃ to obtain pretreated bagasse powder;
s2, carrying out pyrolysis carbonization on the pretreated bagasse powder in a nitrogen protective atmosphere, heating to 550 ℃ from room temperature at a speed of 15 ℃/min, preserving heat for 3h, and cooling to room temperature to obtain biochar;
s3, mixing biochar and chlorosulfonic acid according to the weight volume ratio of 3g:32mL, putting the mixture into a high-pressure reaction kettle, reacting for 10 hours at 100 ℃, cooling to room temperature, taking out the reaction mixture, diluting the reaction mixture with 5 times of deionized water, filtering, washing with hot water until no sulfate ions exist in the filtrate, and drying by blowing at 120 ℃ to obtain the accelerator.
Example 2
A method for rapidly rotting sugarcane leaves to field comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing sugarcane leaves and cow dung according to the ratio of 6:1 to obtain a fermentation raw material, and then adding 2.5% of an accelerant into the fermentation raw material to obtain a mixed material;
(2) adding 0.3% of fermentation inoculum by weight of the mixed material into the mixed material obtained in the step (1), uniformly mixing, wherein the fermentation inoculum consists of 5 parts of bacillus mucilaginosus, 4 parts of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, 2 parts of actinomycetes, 6 parts of trichoderma viride and 2 parts of aspergillus oryzae in parts by weight, adjusting the water content of the mixed material to be 60%, and stacking and fermenting; when the fermentation is carried out for 5 days, turning over the piles, and then continuing to ferment for 10 days to obtain the organic fertilizer for the rotten sugarcane leaves;
(3) and spreading the sugarcane top decomposed organic fertilizer on the surface of the field, and then carrying out rotary tillage to the soil to finish the sugarcane top returning.
The preparation method of the accelerator comprises the following steps:
s1, drying, crushing and screening bagasse to obtain bagasse powder of 50-100 meshes; adding bagasse powder into 0.8mol/L sodium hydroxide solution, wherein the volume ratio of the weight of the bagasse to the volume of the sodium hydroxide solution is 1g:25ml, stirring for 4h at 50 ℃, washing to neutrality by using deionized water, and carrying out forced air drying at 120 ℃ to obtain pretreated bagasse powder;
s2, carrying out pyrolysis carbonization on the pretreated bagasse powder in a nitrogen protective atmosphere, heating to 600 ℃ from room temperature at a speed of 15 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 2h, and cooling to room temperature to obtain biochar;
s3, mixing biochar and chlorosulfonic acid according to the weight volume ratio of 3g:35mL, putting the mixture into a high-pressure reaction kettle, reacting for 10 hours at 100 ℃, cooling to room temperature, taking out the reaction mixture, diluting the reaction mixture with 5 times of deionized water, filtering, washing with hot water until no sulfate ions exist in the filtrate, and drying by blowing at 120 ℃ to obtain the accelerator.
Comparative example 1
A method for rapidly rotting sugarcane leaves to field comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing sugarcane leaves and cow dung according to the ratio of 6:1 to obtain a fermentation raw material;
(2) adding 0.4% of fermentation microbial inoculum by weight of the fermentation raw material into the fermentation raw material obtained in the step (1), uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed material, wherein the fermentation microbial inoculum consists of 6 parts by weight of bacillus mucilaginosus, 3.5 parts by weight of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, 2 parts by weight of actinomycetes, 5 parts by weight of trichoderma viride and 3 parts by weight of aspergillus oryzae, adjusting the water content of the mixed material to be 60%, and stacking and fermenting; when the fermentation is carried out for 5 days, turning over the piles, and then continuing to ferment for 10 days to obtain the organic fertilizer for the rotten sugarcane leaves;
(3) and spreading the sugarcane top decomposed organic fertilizer on the surface of the field, and then carrying out rotary tillage to the soil to finish the sugarcane top returning.
Example 2
A method for rapidly rotting sugarcane leaves to field comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing sugarcane leaves and cow dung according to the ratio of 6:1 to obtain a fermentation raw material, and then adding 2.8% of an accelerant into the fermentation raw material to obtain a mixed material;
(2) adding 0.4% of fermentation inoculum of the weight of the mixed material into the mixed material obtained in the step (1), uniformly mixing, wherein the fermentation inoculum consists of 6 parts of bacillus mucilaginosus, 3.5 parts of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, 2 parts of actinomycetes, 5 parts of trichoderma viride and 3 parts of aspergillus oryzae in parts by weight, adjusting the water content of the mixed material to be 60%, and stacking and fermenting; when the fermentation is carried out for 5 days, turning over the piles, and then continuing to ferment for 10 days to obtain the organic fertilizer for the rotten sugarcane leaves;
(3) and spreading the sugarcane top decomposed organic fertilizer on the surface of the field, and then carrying out rotary tillage to the soil to finish the sugarcane top returning.
The preparation method of the accelerator comprises the following steps:
s1, drying, crushing and screening bagasse to obtain bagasse powder of 50-100 meshes; adding bagasse powder into 0.65mol/L sodium hydroxide solution, wherein the volume ratio of the weight of the bagasse to the volume of the sodium hydroxide solution is 1g:28ml, stirring for 5 hours at 50 ℃, washing to neutrality by using deionized water, and carrying out forced air drying at 120 ℃ to obtain pretreated bagasse powder;
s2, carrying out pyrolysis carbonization on the pretreated bagasse powder in a nitrogen protective atmosphere, raising the temperature from room temperature to 550 ℃ at a speed of 15 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 3h, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the accelerator.
The specific surface area and porosity of the accelerators of examples 1-2 and comparative example 2 were determined by reference to the mercury intrusion method in GB/T21650.1-2008, and the results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 specific surface area and porosity of the promoters
| Project index | Specific surface area (m)2/g) | Porosity (%) |
| Example 1 | 45.8 | 63.8 |
| Example 2 | 47.0 | 65.1 |
| Comparative example 2 | 18.4 | 52.4 |
The moisture content, the total nitrogen content and the humic acid/fulvic acid content of the sugarcane top decomposed organic fertilizer obtained in the examples 1-2 and the comparative examples 1-2 were measured. The moisture content was measured by the baking method. The determination of the total nitrogen content was tested using an elemental analyzer. The method for determining the ratio of humic acid HA to fulvic acid FA comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of air-drying the organic fertilizer decomposed from sugarcane leaves, sieving the organic fertilizer with a 60-mesh sieve, sieving the compost sample with a 60-mesh sieve, adding 0.1mol/L sodium hydroxide mixed solution according to the proportion of 1:20 to extract humic acid (humic acid HA + fulvic acid FA), and filtering, diluting and measuring part of the solution to obtain the content of extractable humus. Taking a part of extractable humus, adjusting pH to 1.5 with 6mol/L HCl, keeping the solution on an electric hot plate at 80 deg.C for 30 min, and standing in a refrigerator at 4 deg.C overnight to separate humic acid and fulvic acid. And finally, performing centrifugal filtration on the solution to obtain a clear solution as a fulvic acid solution, and measuring the fulvic acid content by using a TOC instrument after dilution. The content of humic acid can be obtained by subtracting the total amount of extractable humus and the content of fulvic acid, and finally the ratio of humic acid HA to fulvic acid FA is calculated.
The table 2 shows the performance index of the organic fertilizer for rotten sugarcane leaves, and the table shows that the water content of the organic fertilizer for rotten sugarcane leaves in the embodiment is obviously lower than that of the comparative example, the total nitrogen content is obviously higher than that of the comparative example, and compared with the comparative example 1, the total nitrogen content of the embodiment 1 and the embodiment 2 is improved by 35.2% and 32.4%, which shows that the method can reduce the loss of nitrogen. Humic acid HA and fulvic acid FA are important components of humus and play a decisive role in the quality of the humus to a great extent, and the ratio of the humic acid HA to the fulvic acid FA represents the humification degree of the compost. As can be seen from Table 2, HA/FA in the organic fertilizer for decomposing sugarcane leaves of the embodiment is obviously lower than that of the organic fertilizer for decomposing sugarcane leaves of the comparative example, which shows that the method of the invention can accelerate the decomposition of sugarcane leaves and realize the fast decomposition and returning of the sugarcane leaves to the field.
TABLE 2 physical and chemical indexes of organic fertilizer for decomposing sugarcane leaves
| Group of | Water content (%) | Total nitrogen (g/kg) | HA/FA |
| Example 1 | 26.1 | 13.9 | 1.32 |
| Example 2 | 25.8 | 14.2 | 1.34 |
| Comparative example 1 | 28.5 | 10.5 | 1.18 |
| Comparative example 2 | 27.2 | 12.7 | 1.27 |
The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain certain principles of the invention and its practical application to enable one skilled in the art to make and use various exemplary embodiments of the invention and various alternatives and modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. A sugarcane leaf fast-rotting returning method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) mixing sugarcane leaves and cow dung according to a ratio of 5-6: 1 to obtain a fermentation raw material, and then adding 2-4% of an accelerant into the fermentation raw material to obtain a mixed material;
(2) adding a fermentation inoculum into the mixed material obtained in the step (1), uniformly mixing, stacking and fermenting; when fermenting for 5-7 days, turning over the piles, and then continuing fermenting for 7-10 days to obtain the sugarcane top decomposed organic fertilizer;
(3) spreading the sugarcane top decomposed organic fertilizer on the surface of a field, and then rotary tillage into soil to complete sugarcane top returning;
the preparation method of the accelerant comprises the following steps:
s1, drying, crushing and screening bagasse to obtain bagasse powder of 50-100 meshes; adding bagasse powder into 0.5-1 mol/L sodium hydroxide solution, stirring for 3-5 h at 50-60 ℃, filtering, washing and drying to obtain pretreated bagasse powder;
s2, pyrolyzing the pretreated bagasse powder in a nitrogen protective atmosphere to obtain biochar;
s3, mixing the biochar with chlorosulfonic acid, putting the mixture into a high-pressure reaction kettle, reacting for 10-12 hours at the temperature of 80-100 ℃, washing with deionized water, carrying out suction filtration, and drying to obtain the accelerator.
2. The sugarcane top fast-rotting returning method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the leavening agent comprises, by weight, 5-7 parts of Bacillus mucilaginosus, 2-4 parts of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, 1-3 parts of actinomycetes, 4-6 parts of Trichoderma viride and 2-3 parts of Aspergillus oryzae.
3. The sugarcane top fast rotting returning method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the addition amount of the leavening agent is 0.2-0.5% of the weight of the mixed material.
4. The sugarcane top fast-rotting returning method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the water content of the mixed material is adjusted to 50-65% after the mixed material is added with the fermentation inoculant.
5. The sugarcane top fast-rotting returning method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the volume ratio of the weight of the sugarcane bagasse to the volume of the sodium hydroxide solution is 1g: 20-30 ml.
6. The method for returning the sugarcane top to the field for rapid rotting as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the pyrolysis process parameters are as follows: the heating rate is 10-15 ℃/min, the pyrolysis temperature is 500-600 ℃, and the pyrolysis time is 2-3 h.
7. The sugarcane top fast rotting returning method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step S3, the volume ratio of the weight of the biochar to the chlorosulfonic acid is 3g: 30-35 mL.
8. The sugarcane top fast rotting returning method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the drying is: and (3) drying by blowing at 100-120 ℃.
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