CN111116273A - Preparation method and use method of rice straw biochar-based slow-release fertilizer - Google Patents
Preparation method and use method of rice straw biochar-based slow-release fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN111116273A CN111116273A CN201911344116.6A CN201911344116A CN111116273A CN 111116273 A CN111116273 A CN 111116273A CN 201911344116 A CN201911344116 A CN 201911344116A CN 111116273 A CN111116273 A CN 111116273A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B13/00—Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials
- C05B13/02—Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials from rock phosphates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/04—Double-superphosphate; Triple-superphosphate; Other fertilisers based essentially on monocalcium phosphate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method and a use method of a rice straw biochar-based slow release fertilizer, and relates to the technical field of biochar-based fertilizers, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) preparing rice straw biochar; (2) preparing a compound microbial agent; (3) preparing a fermented organic fertilizer; (4) preparing a core fertilizer; (5) preparing a coating material; (6) preparing the biochar-based slow release fertilizer. According to the invention, rice straws are used as main raw materials, so that the production cost can be effectively saved, the rice straw biochar coating layer is arranged on the core fertilizer during the preparation of the slow release fertilizer, the prepared rice straw biochar-based slow release fertilizer is green and environment-friendly, the slow release effect is excellent, the fertilizer effect can be kept for a long time, the physical and chemical properties of soil and the micro-ecological environment can be effectively improved, and the slow release fertilizer can be applied to root systems or the vicinity of seeds of crops, so that the slow release fertilizer is convenient to apply, and time and labor are.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of biochar-based fertilizers, in particular to a preparation method and a use method of a rice straw biochar-based slow release fertilizer.
Background
The agricultural biomass straw resource is abundant, and the rice straw is treated mainly by direct returning, simple burning and the like at present. Although the direct returning of the straws to the field can effectively improve the organic matters of the soil, improve the soil structure and play a role in water and fertilizer conservation, the direct returning of the straws to the field is rapid in organic matter explanation and easy to cause a large amount of emission of greenhouse gases such as methane, carbon dioxide and the like. The persistent incineration not only causes huge waste of resources, but also causes serious air pollution problem and seriously affects the air quality.
The biomass charcoal is a highly aromatic refractory porous solid substance formed by pyrolysis and carbonization of plant biomass at 300-700 ℃. Due to its highly aromatic structure, it has high biological and chemical stability, and thus can be stored in the environment for a long time without being mineralized. The biochar-based slow release fertilizer is a granular fertilizer prepared by mixing organic or inorganic fertilizer with biochar as a matrix. The application of the biochar-based slow-release fertilizer is beneficial to agricultural quality improvement and efficiency improvement and also beneficial to the realization of agricultural non-point source pollution control and the goal of carbon sequestration and emission reduction of farmland soil. More importantly, after the nutrients in the biochar-based slow release fertilizer are released, the residual biochar carriers can still continuously play the role of the soil conditioner; and can effectively avoid the problems of secondary dust pollution and inconvenient operation caused by direct returning of the biochar to the field, economic cost caused by applying the biochar to a farmland in large quantity when improving the soil, and the like. The practice of taking the agricultural waste biochar as a fertilizer synergistic carrier is a win-win measure which gives consideration to resource utilization of the waste and preparation of novel environment-friendly fertilizers, and the agricultural application of the corresponding biochar-based slow-release fertilizer product has profound significance for further improving the existing ecological cycle agricultural mode.
Chinese patent CN103467192A discloses a method for preparing a biochar-based fertilizer by using cotton straws, which comprises the following steps: (1) preparing cotton straw biochar from cotton straws; (2) crushing gypsum, bentonite and cotton straw biochar; (3) mixing ammonium phosphate, urea, potassium sulfate, zinc sulfate, boric acid, nitro humic acid, cotton straw biochar, gypsum and bentonite together, and uniformly stirring to obtain a fertilizer mixture; (4) granulating; (5) and (5) drying.
Chinese patent CN 103396171A discloses an environment-friendly biochar-based slow-release fertilizer and an application method thereof. The preparation method of the biochar-based slow release fertilizer comprises the following steps: drying and crushing the agricultural and forestry waste, then carrying out limited oxygen pyrolysis and sieving to obtain biochar; after the persistent organic pollutant degrading bacteria are fixed by the biochar, the biochar is mixed with the fertilizer, fully stirred and added with the binder. The invention overcomes the defect that the conventional biochar-based slow release fertilizer contains organic pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and the like, reduces the influence of the fertilizer on soil and environment, lightens the safety risk of agricultural products, and has the advantages of simple and easy preparation process, low cost and the like.
However, the slow release effect of the biochar-based fertilizer is not high, the fertilizer efficiency retention time is limited, and the fertilizer and the root system or the vicinity of the root system of crops are easy to cause the root burning phenomenon.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method and a use method of a rice straw biochar-based slow release fertilizer.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a rice straw biochar-based slow release fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing rice straw biochar: thoroughly removing water from rice straws, crushing, sieving and drying; carbonizing the dried crushed rice hull and rice straw in a nitrogen atmosphere at the temperature of 530-555 ℃ for 70-90min, and cooling to room temperature to obtain rice straw biochar;
(2) preparing a compound microbial agent: respectively carrying out amplification culture on penicillium oxalicum, aspergillus niger, bacillus mucilaginosus and bacillus subtilis on corresponding culture media; and then mixing the fermentation liquor of each strain with sterilized bran according to the ratio of 1: 1-1.5, fermenting for 40-60h, air drying, and making into solid preparation;
according to the solid microbial inoculum of the penicillium oxalicum: aspergillus niger solid microbial inoculum: lactic acid bacteria solid bacterial agent: the bacillus subtilis solid microbial inoculum is 1-2: 1-2: 0.5-1: 2-4, and preparing the compound microbial agent;
(3) preparing a fermented organic fertilizer: mixing dry pig manure and rice straw crushed materials according to the weight ratio of 1: mixing at a ratio of 0.3-1.2, inoculating 0.4-0.5% of compound microorganism bacterial agent, and adding appropriate amount of water to make the water content of the mixture 55-65%; stacking the mixture into a pile for fermentation, and turning the pile once every 3-4 days, wherein the fermentation time is 30-40 days; drying the fermented material, crushing and sieving to obtain fermented organic fertilizer;
(4) preparing a core fertilizer: uniformly mixing 30-55 parts of fermented organic fertilizer, 5-10 parts of rice hull biochar, 3-10 parts of attapulgite, 4-9 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 3.5-7 parts of phosphate fertilizer and 3-6 parts of potash fertilizer to obtain a mixture; then adding an adhesive accounting for 2-4.5% of the total mass of the mixture, and uniformly mixing; then placing the mixture into a granulator for granulation; after granulation, cooling, drying and sieving to obtain a core fertilizer;
(5) ①, preparing a coating material, namely evenly mixing the rice hull biochar with humic acid and montmorillonite according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.1-0.3: 0.05-0.15 to obtain a coating solid material, and ② preparing a dextrin binder;
(6) preparing a biochar-based slow release fertilizer: preheating the core fertilizer in a rotary drum to 45-55 ℃, spraying a layer of dextrin adhesive on the rotating core fertilizer particles, spraying a layer of coating solid material, and repeating the process after curing until the dextrin adhesive accounts for 1.2-1.8% of the mass of the core fertilizer and the coating solid material accounts for 5.2-8% of the mass of the core fertilizer; and sieving the obtained charcoal-based slow release fertilizer and packaging.
Preferably, in the step (1), the sieve mesh number is 80-100 meshes, the drying temperature is 50-60 ℃, and the drying time is 24-30 h.
Preferably, in the step (1), the temperature rising speed is 12-13 ℃/min.
Preferably, in the step (2), the expanding culture comprises the specific steps of ① inoculating each bacterial suspension into a seed bottle, culturing bacteria at 30 ℃ and 200rpm for 16h to obtain a seed solution, culturing mould at 30 ℃ and 240rpm for 56h to obtain a seed solution, and inoculating ②% of the seed solution into a fermentation bottle to expand and culture for 2 days to obtain a fermentation solution.
Preferably, in the step (2), oxalic acid cyanThe viable count of the solid fungus agent is 1-8 × 109cfu/g; the viable count of the Aspergillus niger solid microbial inoculum is 2-10 multiplied by 108cfu/g, the viable count of the lactobacillus solid microbial inoculum is 1-6 multiplied by 109cfu/g, the viable count of the bacillus subtilis solid microbial inoculum is 1-8 multiplied by 108cfu/g。
Preferably, in the step (4), the binder is one or more of corn starch, cyclodextrin, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and potato starch.
Preferably, in the step (4), the nitrogen fertilizer is one or more of ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate; the phosphate fertilizer is one or more of calcium phosphate, triple superphosphate and calcium magnesium phosphate; the potash fertilizer is one or two of potassium chloride and potassium sulfate.
Preferably, in the step (4), the temperature is 45-55 ℃ during drying, and the water content is below 15% after drying; the particle diameter of the finished product after screening is 1.8-4.2 mm.
Preferably, in the step (5), the preparation method of the dextrin binder is as follows: mixing dextrin and borax in a mass ratio of 1: 0.005-0.01, adding a proper amount of boiling water, and preparing the dextrin adhesive with the mass concentration of 15-20%.
When the biochar-based slow release fertilizer prepared by the invention is used, the application amount in soil is 10-60 kg/mu.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the composite biochar-based slow release fertilizer, the rice straw biochar coating layer is arranged on the core fertilizer, the rice straw biochar coating layer has good hydrophobicity and can effectively prevent the release of nitrogen nutrients, and the porous structure of the biochar has good adsorption capacity on nitrogen, so that the nitrogen has a certain retention time in the coating layer. The core fertilizer also contains a certain amount of rice straw biochar, and the inside and the outside act together, so that the prepared fertilizer has excellent slow release effect.
2. According to the invention, the rice straw is adopted to prepare the biochar, and the straw is used to prepare the fermented organic fertilizer, so that the rice straw is cheap and easy to obtain, the production cost can be effectively saved, the college utilization of rice straw waste is realized, and the problems of incineration gas emission, air pollution and the like caused by direct incineration of the rice straw are effectively reduced. The parameters are reasonably set during the preparation of the rice straw biochar, so that the carbon content is higher, more effective phosphorus is contained, and the aromatizing degree is higher, therefore, the soil quality can be more effectively improved when the biochar is used as a soil conditioner, and the biochar has better slow release property.
3. The solid composite microbial agent containing the penicillium oxalicum, the aspergillus niger, the bacillus mucilaginosus and the bacillus subtilis is used for fermenting the pig manure and the rice straws, the decomposition degree is high, and the viable count of beneficial microorganisms is higher, so that the content of effective nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the fermented organic fertilizer is high, and the soil fertility can be effectively improved.
4. The rice straw biochar-based slow release fertilizer prepared by the invention is green and environment-friendly, has excellent slow release effect, can keep the fertilizer effect for a long time, can effectively improve the physical and chemical properties of soil and the micro-ecological environment, and is applied to the root system or the vicinity of seeds of crops, so that the application is more convenient, and the time and the labor are saved.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
a preparation method of a rice straw biochar-based slow release fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing rice straw biochar: thoroughly removing water from rice straws, crushing, sieving with a 100-mesh sieve, and drying at 55 deg.C for 28 h; and (3) carbonizing the dried crushed rice hull and rice straw in a nitrogen atmosphere at the temperature rise speed of 12.33 ℃/min and 545 ℃ for 85min, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the rice straw biochar.
(2) Preparing a compound microbial agent: respectively carrying out amplification culture on penicillium oxalicum, aspergillus niger, bacillus mucilaginosus and bacillus subtilis on corresponding culture media;
the expanding culture comprises the specific steps of ① inoculating each bacterial suspension into a seed bottle, culturing bacteria at 30 deg.C and 200rpm for 16h to obtain seed solution, culturing mould at 30 deg.C and 240rpm for 56h to obtain seed solution, and ② inoculating 12% of seed solution into a fermentation bottle for expanding culture for 2 days to obtain fermentation liquor.
Then, mixing the fermentation liquor of each strain and sterilized bran according to the ratio of 1: 1 for 50 hours, and then airing to prepare a solid preparation; wherein the viable count of the penicillium oxalicum solid microbial agent is 5 multiplied by 109cfu/g; the viable count of the Aspergillus niger solid microbial inoculum is 6 multiplied by 108cfu/g, the viable count of the lactobacillus solid microbial inoculum is 4 multiplied by 109cfu/g, the viable count of the bacillus subtilis solid microbial inoculum is 6 multiplied by 108cfu/g。
According to the solid microbial inoculum of the penicillium oxalicum: aspergillus niger solid microbial inoculum: lactic acid bacteria solid bacterial agent: the bacillus subtilis solid microbial inoculum is 2: 1: 1: 3, and preparing the compound microbial agent.
(3) Preparing a fermented organic fertilizer: mixing dry pig manure and rice straw crushed materials according to the weight ratio of 1: 1, mixing the materials in proportion, inoculating a compound microbial agent, wherein the inoculation amount is 0.5 percent, and adding a proper amount of water to ensure that the water content of the mixture is 60 percent; stacking the mixture into a pile for fermentation, turning the pile once every 4 days, wherein the fermentation time is 35 days, and the environmental temperature is 16-28 ℃; and drying the fermented material, and crushing and sieving to obtain the fermented organic fertilizer.
(4) Preparing a core fertilizer: uniformly mixing 40 parts of fermented organic fertilizer, 8 parts of rice hull biochar, 6 parts of attapulgite, 7 parts of ammonium bicarbonate, 6 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 5 parts of potassium sulfate to obtain a mixture; then adding corn starch accounting for 3.5 percent of the total mass of the mixture, and uniformly mixing; then placing the mixture into a granulator for granulation; granulating, cooling, drying at 50 deg.C, and drying to water content below 15%; sieving, and obtaining the finished product with the particle diameter of 2-3mm after sieving to obtain the core fertilizer.
(5) ①, uniformly mixing the rice hull biochar with humic acid and montmorillonite according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.2: 0.1 to obtain a coating solid material, ②, preparing a dextrin adhesive, namely uniformly mixing dextrin and borax according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.008, and adding a proper amount of boiling water to prepare the dextrin adhesive with the mass concentration of 18.8%.
(6) Preparing a biochar-based slow release fertilizer: preheating the core fertilizer in a rotary drum to 52 ℃, spraying a layer of dextrin adhesive on the rotating core fertilizer particles, spraying a layer of coating solid material, and repeating the process after curing until the dextrin adhesive accounts for 1.5 percent of the mass of the core fertilizer and the coating solid material accounts for 7 percent of the mass of the core fertilizer; and sieving the obtained charcoal-based slow release fertilizer and packaging.
Example 2:
a preparation method of a rice straw biochar-based slow release fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing rice straw biochar: thoroughly removing water from rice straws, crushing, sieving with a 100-mesh sieve, and drying at 55 deg.C for 26 h; and (3) carbonizing the dried rice hull and rice straw crushed material at 555 ℃ for 70min at the heating speed of 13 ℃/min in the nitrogen atmosphere, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the rice straw biochar.
(2) Preparing a compound microbial agent: respectively carrying out amplification culture on penicillium oxalicum, aspergillus niger, bacillus mucilaginosus and bacillus subtilis on corresponding culture media; the procedure of the scale-up culture was the same as in example 1.
Then, mixing the fermentation liquor of each strain and sterilized bran according to the ratio of 1: 1.5, fermenting for 40h, and then airing to prepare a solid preparation; wherein the viable count of the penicillium oxalicum solid microbial agent is 1 multiplied by 109cfu/g; the viable count of the Aspergillus niger solid microbial inoculum is 4 multiplied by 108cfu/g, the viable count of the lactobacillus solid microbial inoculum is 1 multiplied by 109cfu/g, the viable count of the bacillus subtilis solid microbial inoculum is 1 multiplied by 108cfu/g。
According to the solid microbial inoculum of the penicillium oxalicum: aspergillus niger solid microbial inoculum: lactic acid bacteria solid bacterial agent: the bacillus subtilis solid microbial inoculum is 2: 2: 0.8: 3, and preparing the compound microbial agent.
(3) Preparing a fermented organic fertilizer: mixing dry pig manure and rice straw crushed materials according to the weight ratio of 1: 1.2, inoculating the compound microbial agent, wherein the inoculation amount is 0.4 percent, and adding a proper amount of water to ensure that the water content of the mixture is 65 percent; stacking the mixture into a pile for fermentation, turning the pile once every 4 days, wherein the fermentation time is 40 days, and the environmental temperature is 8-20 ℃; and drying the fermented material, and crushing and sieving to obtain the fermented organic fertilizer.
(4) Preparing a core fertilizer: uniformly mixing 55 parts of fermented organic fertilizer, 5 parts of rice hull biochar, 3-10 parts of attapulgite, 4 parts of ammonium sulfate, 3.5 parts of triple superphosphate and 6 parts of potassium sulfate to obtain a mixture; adding hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose accounting for 3.5 percent of the total mass of the mixture, and uniformly mixing; then placing the mixture into a granulator for granulation; granulating, cooling, drying at 50 deg.C, and drying to water content below 15%; sieving, and obtaining the finished product with the particle diameter of 1.8-2.5mm after sieving to obtain the core fertilizer.
(5) ①, uniformly mixing the rice hull biochar with humic acid and montmorillonite according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.3: 0.1 to obtain a coating solid material, ②, preparing a dextrin adhesive, namely uniformly mixing dextrin and borax according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.01, and adding a proper amount of boiling water to prepare the dextrin adhesive with the mass concentration of 18%.
(6) Preparing a biochar-based slow release fertilizer: preheating the core fertilizer in a rotary drum to 55 ℃, spraying a layer of dextrin adhesive on the rotating core fertilizer particles, spraying a layer of coating solid material, and repeating the process after curing until the dextrin adhesive accounts for 1.3 percent of the mass of the core fertilizer and the coating solid material accounts for 6 percent of the mass of the core fertilizer; and sieving the obtained charcoal-based slow release fertilizer and packaging.
Example 3:
a preparation method of a rice straw biochar-based slow release fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing rice straw biochar: thoroughly removing water from rice straws, crushing, sieving with a 80-mesh sieve, and drying at 50 ℃ for 30 h; and (3) carbonizing the dried crushed rice hull and rice straw in a nitrogen atmosphere at the temperature rising speed of 12 ℃/min and the temperature of 530 ℃ for 90min, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the rice straw biochar.
(2) Preparing a compound microbial agent: respectively carrying out amplification culture on penicillium oxalicum, aspergillus niger, bacillus mucilaginosus and bacillus subtilis on corresponding culture media; the procedure of the scale-up culture was the same as in example 1.
Then, mixing the fermentation liquor of each strain and sterilized bran according to the ratio of 1: 1 for 60 hours, and then airing to prepare a solid preparation; wherein the viable count of the penicillium oxalicum solid microbial agent is 8 multiplied by 109cfu/g; the viable count of the Aspergillus niger solid microbial inoculum is 10 multiplied by 108cfu/g, the viable count of the lactobacillus solid microbial inoculum is 6 multiplied by 109cfu/g, the viable count of the bacillus subtilis solid microbial inoculum is 8 multiplied by 108cfu/g。
According to the solid microbial inoculum of the penicillium oxalicum: aspergillus niger solid microbial inoculum: lactic acid bacteria solid bacterial agent: the bacillus subtilis solid microbial inoculum is 1: 2: 0.5: 2, and preparing the compound microbial agent.
(3) Preparing a fermented organic fertilizer: mixing dry pig manure and rice straw crushed materials according to the weight ratio of 1: mixing at a ratio of 0.3-1.2, inoculating 0.5% of compound microbial agent, and adding appropriate amount of water to reach water content of 55%; stacking the mixture into a pile for fermentation, turning the pile once every 3-4 days, wherein the fermentation time is 30 days, and the environmental temperature is 20-35 ℃; and drying the fermented material, and crushing and sieving to obtain the fermented organic fertilizer.
(4) Preparing a core fertilizer: uniformly mixing 30 parts of fermented organic fertilizer, 8 parts of rice hull biochar, 3-8 parts of attapulgite, 9 parts of ammonium nitrate, 5 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 5 parts of potassium chloride to obtain a mixture; adding potato starch accounting for 2% of the total mass of the mixture, and uniformly mixing; then placing the mixture into a granulator for granulation; granulating, cooling, drying at 45 deg.C, and drying to water content below 15%; sieving, and obtaining the finished product with the particle diameter of 3.5-4.2mm after sieving to obtain the core fertilizer.
(5) ①, uniformly mixing the rice hull biochar with humic acid and montmorillonite according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.1: 0.05 to obtain a coating solid material, ②, preparing a dextrin adhesive, namely uniformly mixing dextrin and borax according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.005, and adding a proper amount of boiling water to prepare the dextrin adhesive with the mass concentration of 15%.
(6) Preparing a biochar-based slow release fertilizer: preheating the core fertilizer in a rotary drum to 45-55 ℃, spraying a layer of dextrin adhesive on the rotating core fertilizer particles, spraying a layer of coating solid material, and repeating the process after curing until the dextrin adhesive accounts for 1.8% of the mass of the core fertilizer and the coating solid material accounts for 8% of the mass of the core fertilizer; and sieving the obtained charcoal-based slow release fertilizer and packaging.
Implementation 4:
a preparation method of a rice straw biochar-based slow release fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing rice straw biochar: thoroughly removing water from rice straws, crushing, sieving with a 90-mesh sieve, and drying at 60 ℃ for 24 hours; and (3) carbonizing the dried crushed rice hull and rice straw in a nitrogen atmosphere at the temperature rising speed of 12.5 ℃/min and 540 ℃ for 80min, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the rice straw biochar.
(2) Preparing a compound microbial agent: respectively carrying out amplification culture on penicillium oxalicum, aspergillus niger, bacillus mucilaginosus and bacillus subtilis on corresponding culture media; the procedure of the scale-up culture was the same as in example 1.
Then, mixing the fermentation liquor of each strain and sterilized bran according to the ratio of 1: 1.2, fermenting for 50h, and then airing to prepare a solid preparation; wherein the viable count of the penicillium oxalicum solid microbial agent is 3 multiplied by 109cfu/g; the viable count of the Aspergillus niger solid microbial inoculum is 5 multiplied by 108cfu/g, the viable count of the lactobacillus solid microbial inoculum is 4 multiplied by 109cfu/g, the viable count of the bacillus subtilis solid microbial inoculum is 5 multiplied by 108cfu/g。
According to the solid microbial inoculum of the penicillium oxalicum: aspergillus niger solid microbial inoculum: lactic acid bacteria solid bacterial agent: the bacillus subtilis solid microbial inoculum is 1.5: 1: 1: 4, and preparing the compound microbial agent.
(3) Preparing a fermented organic fertilizer: mixing dry pig manure and rice straw crushed materials according to the weight ratio of 1: mixing at a ratio of 0.3-1.2, inoculating 0.4-0.5% of compound microorganism bacterial agent, and adding appropriate amount of water to make the water content of the mixture 55-65%; stacking the mixture into a pile for fermentation, turning the pile once every 3-4 days, wherein the fermentation time is 37 days, and the environmental temperature is 12-25 ℃; and drying the fermented material, and crushing and sieving to obtain the fermented organic fertilizer.
(4) Preparing a core fertilizer: uniformly mixing 45 parts of fermented organic fertilizer, 10 parts of rice hull biochar, 3 parts of attapulgite, 5 parts of ammonium bicarbonate, 7 parts of calcium phosphate and 3 parts of potassium chloride to obtain a mixture; then adding corn starch accounting for 4.5 percent of the total mass of the mixture, and uniformly mixing; then placing the mixture into a granulator for granulation; granulating, cooling, drying at 55 deg.C, and drying to water content below 15%; sieving, and obtaining the finished product with the particle diameter of 3-4mm after sieving to obtain the core fertilizer.
(5) ①, uniformly mixing the rice hull biochar with humic acid and montmorillonite according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.2: 0.15 to obtain a coating solid material, ②, preparing a dextrin adhesive, namely uniformly mixing dextrin and borax according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.008, and adding a proper amount of boiling water to prepare the dextrin adhesive with the mass concentration of 20%.
(6) Preparing a biochar-based slow release fertilizer: preheating the core fertilizer in a rotary drum to 45 ℃, spraying a layer of dextrin adhesive on the rotating core fertilizer particles, spraying a layer of coating solid material, and repeating the process after curing until the dextrin adhesive accounts for 1.2 percent of the mass of the core fertilizer and the coating solid material accounts for 5.2 percent of the mass of the core fertilizer; and sieving the obtained charcoal-based slow release fertilizer and packaging.
Example 5:
a preparation method of a rice straw biochar-based slow release fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing rice straw biochar: thoroughly removing water from rice straws, crushing, sieving with a 100-mesh sieve, and drying at 55 deg.C for 26 h; and (3) carbonizing the dried crushed rice hull and rice straw in a nitrogen atmosphere at the temperature rise speed of 12.5 ℃/min at 535 ℃ for 90min, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the rice straw biochar.
(2) Preparing a compound microbial agent: respectively carrying out amplification culture on penicillium oxalicum, aspergillus niger, bacillus mucilaginosus and bacillus subtilis on corresponding culture media; the procedure of the scale-up culture was the same as in example 1.
Then of each strainThe fermentation liquor and the sterilized bran are mixed according to the proportion of 1: 1.3, fermenting for 60 hours, and then airing to prepare a solid preparation; wherein the viable count of the penicillium oxalicum solid microbial agent is 6 multiplied by 109cfu/g; the viable count of the Aspergillus niger solid microbial inoculum is 5 multiplied by 108cfu/g, the viable count of the lactobacillus solid microbial inoculum is 4 multiplied by 109cfu/g, the viable count of the bacillus subtilis solid microbial inoculum is 4 multiplied by 108cfu/g。
According to the solid microbial inoculum of the penicillium oxalicum: aspergillus niger solid microbial inoculum: lactic acid bacteria solid bacterial agent: the bacillus subtilis solid microbial inoculum is 2: 1: 0.5: 2, and preparing the compound microbial agent.
(3) Preparing a fermented organic fertilizer: mixing dry pig manure and rice straw crushed materials according to the weight ratio of 1: 1.2, inoculating the compound microbial agent, wherein the inoculation amount is 0.48 percent, and adding proper amount of water to ensure that the water content of the mixture is 65 percent; stacking the mixture into a pile for fermentation, turning the pile once every 4 days, wherein the fermentation time is 40 days, and the environmental temperature is 8-22 ℃; and drying the fermented material, and crushing and sieving to obtain the fermented organic fertilizer.
(4) Preparing a core fertilizer: uniformly mixing 35 parts of fermented organic fertilizer, 10 parts of rice hull biochar, 5 parts of attapulgite, 5 parts of ammonium sulfate, 6 parts of calcium phosphate and 5 parts of potassium sulfate to obtain a mixture; then adding corn starch accounting for 4 percent of the total mass of the mixture, and uniformly mixing; then placing the mixture into a granulator for granulation; granulating, cooling, drying at 50 deg.C, and drying to water content below 15%; sieving, and obtaining finished product with the particle diameter of 2.5-3.5mm after sieving to obtain the core fertilizer.
(5) ①, uniformly mixing the rice hull biochar with humic acid and montmorillonite according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.2: 0.1 to obtain a coating solid material, ②, preparing a dextrin adhesive, namely uniformly mixing dextrin and borax according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.01, and adding a proper amount of boiling water to prepare the dextrin adhesive with the mass concentration of 18%.
(6) Preparing a biochar-based slow release fertilizer: preheating the core fertilizer in a rotary drum to 50 ℃, spraying a layer of dextrin adhesive on the rotating core fertilizer particles, spraying a layer of coating solid material, and repeating the process after curing until the dextrin adhesive accounts for 1.5 percent of the mass of the core fertilizer and the coating solid material accounts for 6.5 percent of the mass of the core fertilizer; and sieving the obtained charcoal-based slow release fertilizer and packaging.
Example 6:
a preparation method of a rice straw biochar-based slow release fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing rice straw biochar: thoroughly removing water from rice straws, crushing, sieving with a 100-mesh sieve, and drying at 55 ℃ for 25 h; and (3) carbonizing the dried crushed rice hull and rice straw in a nitrogen atmosphere at the temperature rising speed of 12.5 ℃/min and 540 ℃ for 85min, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the rice straw biochar.
(2) Preparing a compound microbial agent: respectively carrying out amplification culture on penicillium oxalicum, aspergillus niger, bacillus mucilaginosus and bacillus subtilis on corresponding culture media; the procedure of the scale-up culture was the same as in example 1.
Then, mixing the fermentation liquor of each strain and sterilized bran according to the ratio of 1: 1.2, fermenting for 55h, and then airing to prepare a solid preparation; wherein the viable count of the penicillium oxalicum solid microbial agent is 7 multiplied by 109cfu/g; the viable count of the Aspergillus niger solid microbial inoculum is 7 multiplied by 108cfu/g, the viable count of the lactobacillus solid microbial inoculum is 4 multiplied by 109cfu/g, the viable count of the bacillus subtilis solid microbial inoculum is 6 multiplied by 108cfu/g。
According to the solid microbial inoculum of the penicillium oxalicum: aspergillus niger solid microbial inoculum: lactic acid bacteria solid bacterial agent: the bacillus subtilis solid microbial inoculum is 1.5: 1.5: 1: 3.5, and preparing the compound microbial agent.
(3) Preparing a fermented organic fertilizer: mixing dry pig manure and rice straw crushed materials according to the weight ratio of 1: mixing at a ratio of 0.8, inoculating the compound microbial agent with an inoculation amount of 0.45%, and adding appropriate amount of water to make the water content of the mixture be 62%; stacking the mixture into a pile for fermentation, turning the pile once every 3 days, wherein the fermentation time is 33 days, and the environmental temperature is 20-31 ℃; and drying the fermented material, and crushing and sieving to obtain the fermented organic fertilizer.
(4) Preparing a core fertilizer: uniformly mixing 45 parts of fermented organic fertilizer, 8 parts of rice hull biochar, 7 parts of attapulgite, 5 parts of ammonium sulfate, 4.5 parts of triple superphosphate and 4.56 parts of potassium sulfate to obtain a mixture; adding hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose accounting for 3.8 percent of the total mass of the mixture, and uniformly mixing; then placing the mixture into a granulator for granulation; granulating, cooling, drying at 50 deg.C, and drying to water content below 15%; sieving, and obtaining finished product with the particle diameter of 2.5-3.5mm after sieving to obtain the core fertilizer.
(5) ①, uniformly mixing the rice hull biochar with humic acid and montmorillonite according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.2: 0.1 to obtain a coating solid material, ②, preparing a dextrin adhesive, namely uniformly mixing dextrin and borax according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.01, and adding a proper amount of boiling water to prepare the dextrin adhesive with the mass concentration of 18%.
(6) Preparing a biochar-based slow release fertilizer: preheating the core fertilizer in a rotary drum to 50 ℃, spraying a layer of dextrin adhesive on the rotating core fertilizer particles, spraying a layer of coating solid material, and repeating the process after curing until the dextrin adhesive accounts for 1.5 percent of the mass of the core fertilizer and the coating solid material accounts for 7.3 percent of the mass of the core fertilizer; and sieving the obtained charcoal-based slow release fertilizer and packaging.
Planting test:
the planting test is that lettuce is planted in a certain planting base in Huainan city, Huai province, Anhui province, and a soil sample of 0-20cm is collected in the planting base. The basic physicochemical properties of the soil tested are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 basic physicochemical Properties of the soil tested
| Item | Parameter(s) |
| Organic matter (g/kg) | 18.32 |
| All carbon (g/kg) | 10.35 |
| Total nitrogen (g/kg) | 1.29 |
| Alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen/(mg/kg) | 138.6 |
| Quick-acting phosphorus/(mg/kg) | 98.6 |
| Quick-acting potassium/(mg/kg) | 185.7 |
| pH of soil | 5.02 |
The experiment set up 6 treatments. Treatment 1-4 application of the rice straw biochar-based slow release fertilizer of examples 1-4; treatment 5 the core fertilizer prepared in example 1 was applied; and 6, treating and applying a ternary compound fertilizer. Each treatment was repeated 3 times, each treatment cell having an area of 10m2。
An application method for treating each fertilizer in 1-6 comprises the following specific steps:
1. the corresponding fertilizer in the treatment 1-6 is applied to the soil according to the proportion of 30 kg/mu;
2. ploughing 0-20cm of the surface layer of the fertilized upper soil to fully mix the fertilizer and the upper soil.
3. And (5) planting lettuce.
And measuring the average yield of each treatment when the lettuce is harvested, taking five lettuce with the same properties in each cell for quality measurement, and measuring the content of vitamin C and the content of calcium, iron and nitrite. And (3) determination of vitamin content: adopting a 2, 6-dichlorophenol indophenol titration method; and (3) measuring the content of calcium and iron: adopting a microwave digestion-atomic spectrophotometer method; determination of nitrite content: a sulfanilamide colorimetric method is adopted. Wherein the yield and quality of lettuce for each treatment is shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 yield and quality of lettuce in different treatments
As can be seen from table 2, in the rice straw biochar-based slow release fertilizer in examples 1-3 of the present invention, compared with the biochar-based fertilizer and the compound fertilizer in comparative examples 1-2, due to the slow release coating layer, more content of rice straw biochar can reduce the content of nitrate in soil, so that nitrite in lettuce can be effectively reduced, and the slow release fertilizer has a good slow release effect, long fertilizer efficiency time, and can provide appropriate nutrients for each stage of lettuce, so that the yield of lettuce is high. The biochar-based fertilizer in the comparative examples 1-2 has no slow release coating layer, the effect on lettuce is slightly lower than that of the rice straw biochar-based slow release fertilizer in the examples, but the VC, calcium and iron of the cultivated lettuce are only slightly lower than those of the rice straw biochar-based slow release fertilizer and are much higher than those of the lettuce adopting a ternary compound fertilizer, so that the biochar-based fertilizer has better fertilizer effect.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a rice straw biochar-based slow release fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing rice straw biochar: thoroughly removing water from rice straws, crushing, sieving and drying; carbonizing the dried crushed rice hull and rice straw in a nitrogen atmosphere at the temperature of 530-555 ℃ for 70-90min, and cooling to room temperature to obtain rice straw biochar;
(2) preparing a compound microbial agent: respectively carrying out amplification culture on penicillium oxalicum, aspergillus niger, bacillus mucilaginosus and bacillus subtilis on corresponding culture media; and then mixing the fermentation liquor of each strain with sterilized bran according to the ratio of 1: 1-1.5, fermenting for 40-60h, air drying, and making into solid preparation;
according to the solid microbial inoculum of the penicillium oxalicum: aspergillus niger solid microbial inoculum: lactic acid bacteria solid bacterial agent: the bacillus subtilis solid microbial inoculum is 1-2: 1-2: 0.5-1: 2-4, and preparing the compound microbial agent;
(3) preparing a fermented organic fertilizer: mixing dry pig manure and rice straw crushed materials according to the weight ratio of 1: mixing at a ratio of 0.3-1.2, inoculating 0.4-0.5% of compound microorganism bacterial agent, and adding appropriate amount of water to make the water content of the mixture 55-65%; stacking the mixture into a pile for fermentation, and turning the pile once every 3-4 days, wherein the fermentation time is 30-40 days; drying the fermented material, crushing and sieving to obtain fermented organic fertilizer;
(4) preparing a core fertilizer: uniformly mixing 30-55 parts of fermented organic fertilizer, 5-10 parts of rice hull biochar, 3-10 parts of attapulgite, 4-9 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 3.5-7 parts of phosphate fertilizer and 3-6 parts of potash fertilizer to obtain a mixture; then adding an adhesive accounting for 2-4.5% of the total mass of the mixture, and uniformly mixing; then placing the mixture into a granulator for granulation; after granulation, cooling, drying and sieving to obtain a core fertilizer;
(5) ①, preparing a coating material, namely evenly mixing the rice hull biochar with humic acid and montmorillonite according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.1-0.3: 0.05-0.15 to obtain a coating solid material, and ② preparing a dextrin binder;
(6) preparing a biochar-based slow release fertilizer: preheating the core fertilizer in a rotary drum to 45-55 ℃, spraying a layer of dextrin adhesive on the rotating core fertilizer particles, spraying a layer of coating solid material, and repeating the process after curing until the dextrin adhesive accounts for 1.2-1.8% of the mass of the core fertilizer and the coating solid material accounts for 5.2-8% of the mass of the core fertilizer; and sieving the obtained charcoal-based slow release fertilizer and packaging.
2. The preparation method of the rice straw biochar-based slow release fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the number of the sieved meshes is 80-100 meshes, the drying temperature is 50-60 ℃, and the drying time is 24-30 h.
3. The preparation method of the rice straw biochar-based slow release fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the temperature rising speed is 12-13 ℃/min.
4. The preparation method of the rice straw biochar-based slow release fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the specific steps of the expanded culture are ① inoculating each bacterial suspension into a seed bottle, culturing bacteria at 30 ℃, 200rpm for 16h to obtain a seed solution, culturing mould at 30 ℃, 240rpm for 56h to obtain a seed solution, and inoculating ②% of the seed solution into a fermentation bottle to obtain a fermentation broth after the expanded culture for 2 days.
5. The preparation method of rice straw biochar-based slow release fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the number of viable bacteria of the penicillium oxalicum solid microbial agent is 1-8 x 109cfu/g; the viable count of the Aspergillus niger solid microbial inoculum is 2-10 multiplied by 108cfu/g, the viable count of the lactobacillus solid microbial inoculum is 1-6 multiplied by 109cfu/g, the viable count of the bacillus subtilis solid microbial inoculum is 1-8 multiplied by 108cfu/g。
6. The preparation method of the rice straw biochar-based slow release fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the binder is one or more of corn starch, cyclodextrin, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and potato starch.
7. The preparation method of the rice straw biochar-based slow release fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the nitrogen fertilizer is one or more of ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate; the phosphate fertilizer is one or more of calcium phosphate, triple superphosphate and calcium magnesium phosphate; the potash fertilizer is one or two of potassium chloride and potassium sulfate.
8. The preparation method of the rice straw biochar-based slow release fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the temperature is 45-55 ℃ during drying, and the water content is below 15% after drying; the particle diameter of the finished product after screening is 1.8-4.2 mm.
9. The preparation method of the rice straw biochar-based slow release fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the preparation method of the dextrin binder is as follows: mixing dextrin and borax in a mass ratio of 1: 0.005-0.01, adding a proper amount of boiling water, and preparing the dextrin adhesive with the mass concentration of 15-20%.
10. The use method of the biochar-based slow-release fertilizer prepared by any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the application amount of the biochar-based slow-release fertilizer is 10 to 60 kg/mu.
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