CN115733372A - 变频器 - Google Patents

变频器 Download PDF

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CN115733372A
CN115733372A CN202211031561.9A CN202211031561A CN115733372A CN 115733372 A CN115733372 A CN 115733372A CN 202211031561 A CN202211031561 A CN 202211031561A CN 115733372 A CN115733372 A CN 115733372A
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intermediate circuit
frequency converter
switching device
semiconductor switching
inverter
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A·伯格迈斯特
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Lenz Switzerland Ag
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Lenz Switzerland Ag
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/5387Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/40Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc
    • H02M5/42Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
    • H02M5/44Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac
    • H02M5/453Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M5/458Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M5/4585Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having a rectifier with controlled elements
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H02M1/325Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection with means for allowing continuous operation despite a fault, i.e. fault tolerant converters

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Protection Of Static Devices (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)
  • Rectifiers (AREA)

Abstract

一种变频器,其具有:第一中间电路支路,在变频器运行时,在第一中间电路支路上存在正中间电路电位;第二中间电路支路,在变频器运行时,在第二中间电路支路上存在负中间电路电位;逆变器,其带有第一和第二输入连接端,逆变器具有多个桥式支路,相应的桥式支路具有上半导体切换装置和下半导体切换装置,上半导体切换装置和下半导体切换装置被串联到第一输入连接端与第二输入连接端之间,且它们的连接节点形成逆变器的输出连接端;扼流圈,其被接到第一中间电路支路与第一输入连接端之间;分流电阻,其被接到第二中间电路支路与第二输入连接端之间;和评估单元,其被设计为基于降落在分流电阻上的电压来识别逆变器的上半导体切换装置的接地故障。

Description

变频器
技术领域
本发明所基于的任务在于提供一种变频器,该变频器能够尽可能可靠地并且以简单的方式和方法实现接地故障识别。
发明内容
该变频器通常具有第一中间电路支路,在该变频器运行时,在该第一中间电路支路上存在正中间电路电位。相对应地,该变频器具有第二中间电路支路,在该变频器运行时,在该第二中间电路支路上存在负中间电路电位。正中间电路电位与负中间电路电位之间的电位差称为中间电路电压。
该变频器还具有常规的逆变器,该逆变器具有第一输入连接端和第二输入连接端。该逆变器具有多个桥式支路,例如以B6拓扑的正好3个桥式支路。相应的桥式支路具有:上半导体切换装置,例如以绝缘栅双极型晶体管(IGBT)为形式;和下半导体切换装置,例如同样以IGBT为形式。上半导体切换装置和下半导体切换装置被串联到第一输入连接端与第二输入连接端之间。上半导体切换装置与下半导体切换装置的连接节点形成该逆变器的输出连接端中的一个,通常在该输出连接端处输出逆变器相中的一个。就这方面来说也应参阅有关的专业文献。该逆变器通常用于操控三相电机。
该变频器还具有扼流圈或线圈,该扼流圈或该线圈被接到第一中间电路支路与逆变器的第一输入连接端之间。
该变频器还具有分流电阻,该分流电阻被接到第二中间电路支路与逆变器的第二输入连接端之间。
该变频器还具有评估单元,该评估单元被设计为:基于降落在该分流电阻上的电压来识别该逆变器的上半导体切换装置的接地故障。例如,该评估单元可以在电压跳变超过指定的电压阈时识别出这种接地故障。
在一个实施方式中,该变频器具有双向变流器。该变流器具有与第一中间电路支路连接的第一输出连接端,而且具有与第二中间电路支路连接的第二输出连接端。
在一个实施方式中,该双向变流器是自换向的。
在一个实施方式中,该双向变流器是线路换向的有源整流器。
在一个实施方式中,该变频器具有中间电路电容器,该中间电路电容器被接到第一中间电路支路与第二中间电路支路之间。
在一个实施方式中,该变流器和该中间电路电容器是基频前端(FundamentalFrequency Front End)的组成部分。在这种情况下,该变流器通常是有源的、线路换向的整流器,并且该中间电路电容器具有比较低的电容。关于F3E标准也应参阅有关的专业文献。
按照本发明,借助于在负中间电路电位的电流通路中的分流电阻,不仅针对高压侧的接地故障而且针对低压侧的接地故障都进行接地故障电流测量。
附图说明
本发明随后参考附图详细地予以描述。在这种情况下:
图1示意性示出了具有基频前端和按照本发明的接地故障识别的变频器的电路图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了变频器1的电路图,该变频器具有:第一中间电路支路2,在变频器1运行时,在该第一中间电路支路上存在正中间电路电位UZK+;第二中间电路支路3,在变频器1运行时,在该第二中间电路支路上存在负中间电路电位UZK-;逆变器4,该逆变器带有第一输入连接端4a和第二输入连接端4b;扼流圈5,该扼流圈被接到第一中间电路支路2与逆变器4的第一输入连接端4a之间;分流电阻6,该分流电阻被接到第二中间电路支路3与逆变器4的第二输入连接端4b之间;评估单元15,该评估单元被设计为基于降落在分流电阻6上的电压来识别逆变器4的接地故障;和可选的双向变流器7。
变流器7是自换向的或线路换向的整流器,该整流器具有与第一中间电路支路2连接的第一输出连接端7a,而且该整流器具有与第二中间电路支路3连接的第二输出连接端7b。
变频器1具有中间电路电容器8,该中间电路电容器被接到第一中间电路支路2与第二中间电路支路3之间。
以B6拓扑的以自换向的或线路换向的有源整流器为形式的双向变流器7具有常规的以所呈现的接线的半导体切换装置9,这些半导体切换装置分别具有并联的电力二极管10,其中这些半导体切换装置9通常根据在三相电源交变电压UN的相L1、L2和L3处的相电压的随时间的变化过程以线路换向的方式来***控。就这方面来说也应参阅有关的专业文献。
以B6拓扑的逆变器4通常具有三个桥式支路16、17、18,其中相应的桥式支路16、17、18具有上半导体切换装置11和下半导体切换装置12。上半导体切换装置11和下半导体切换装置12被串联到第一输入连接端4a与第二输入连接端4b之间。上半导体切换装置11与下半导体切换装置12的连接节点形成逆变器4的输出连接端U、V、W中的一个,例如可以将三相电机13连接在这些输出连接端上。这些半导体切换装置11和12分别与续流二极管19并联。这些半导体切换装置11和12通常以(PWM)切换频率来***控。就这方面来说也应参阅有关的专业文献。
双向的、有源的、线路换向的整流器7以及中间电路电容器8是基频前端(F3E)的组成部分。
本发明能够实现在相连接端U、V或W有接地故障的情况下对变频器1的有效保护。
借助于在上中间电路电位UZK+的通路中的(蓄能)扼流圈5和在负中间电路电位UZK-的通路中的分流电阻6,即使在逆变器4的上半导体切换装置11的导通阶段期间也可以识别接地故障。
如果例如相连接端U在上半导体切换装置11的导通阶段期间具有接地故障,则电位UZK+会突然被拉低。由于扼流圈5的阻抗在该频率范围内非常高,所以中间电路电容器8将负的电压摆幅传递到分流电阻6。在F3E反馈被激活的情况下,该负的电压摆幅在分流电阻6中产生电流,接着该电流通过评估单元15的可选的测量放大器14来被放大并且可以被用于过流关断。相对应的情况适用于下半导体切换装置12的导通阶段。
即使在替代变流器7的外部直流(DC)馈电的情况下,也能够以相同的方式实现接地故障识别。
因而,由于本发明,在有接地故障的情况下,变频器1的失灵概率被显著降低。此外,具有发射极分流电流测量的变频器同样受到接地故障保护。

Claims (6)

1.一种变频器(1),其具有:
- 第一中间电路支路(2),在所述变频器(1)运行时,在所述第一中间电路支路上存在正中间电路电位(UZK+);
- 第二中间电路支路(3),在所述变频器(1)运行时,在所述第二中间电路支路上存在负中间电路电位(UZK-);
- 逆变器(4),所述逆变器带有第一输入连接端(4a)和第二输入连接端(4b),其中所述逆变器(4)具有多个桥式支路(16、17、18),其中相应的桥式支路(16、17、18)具有上半导体切换装置(11)和下半导体切换装置(12),其中所述上半导体切换装置(11)和所述下半导体切换装置(12)被串联到所述第一输入连接端(4a)与所述第二输入连接端(4b)之间,而且其中所述上半导体切换装置(11)和所述下半导体切换装置(12)的连接节点形成所述逆变器(4)的输出连接端(U、V、W);
- 扼流圈(5),所述扼流圈被接到所述第一中间电路支路(2)与所述逆变器(4)的第一输入连接端(4a)之间;
- 分流电阻(6),所述分流电阻被接到所述第二中间电路支路(3)与所述逆变器(4)的第二输入连接端(4b)之间;和
- 评估单元(15),所述评估单元被设计为基于降落在所述分流电阻(6)上的电压来识别所述逆变器(4)的上半导体切换装置(11)的接地故障。
2.根据权利要求1所述的变频器(1),其特征在于,
- 所述变频器(1)具有双向变流器(7),
- 其中所述变流器(7)具有与所述第一中间电路支路(2)连接的第一输出连接端(7a),而且
- 其中所述变流器(7)具有与所述第二中间电路支路(3)连接的第二输出连接端(7b)。
3.根据上述权利要求之一所述的变频器(1),其特征在于,
- 所述双向变流器(7)是自换向的。
4.根据上述权利要求之一所述的变频器(1),其特征在于,
- 所述双向变流器(7)是线路换向的整流器。
5.根据上述权利要求之一所述的变频器(1),其特征在于,
- 所述变频器(1)具有中间电路电容器(8),所述中间电路电容器被接到所述第一中间电路支路(2)与所述第二中间电路支路(3)之间。
6.根据权利要求5所述的变频器(1),其特征在于,
- 所述变流器(7)和所述中间电路电容器(8)是基频前端(F3E)的组成部分。
CN202211031561.9A 2021-08-27 2022-08-26 变频器 Pending CN115733372A (zh)

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