JP7058764B1 - 電力変換装置、半導体スイッチ駆動装置及び制御方法 - Google Patents
電力変換装置、半導体スイッチ駆動装置及び制御方法 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
- H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
- H02M7/539—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters with automatic control of output wave form or frequency
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/08—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage
- H03K17/081—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage without feedback from the output circuit to the control circuit
- H03K17/0812—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage without feedback from the output circuit to the control circuit by measures taken in the control circuit
- H03K17/08128—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage without feedback from the output circuit to the control circuit by measures taken in the control circuit in composite switches
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/08—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage
- H03K17/082—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage by feedback from the output to the control circuit
- H03K17/0828—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage by feedback from the output to the control circuit in composite switches
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/51—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used
- H03K17/56—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices
- H03K17/687—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices the devices being field-effect transistors
- H03K17/689—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices the devices being field-effect transistors with galvanic isolation between the control circuit and the output circuit
- H03K17/691—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices the devices being field-effect transistors with galvanic isolation between the control circuit and the output circuit using transformer coupling
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/51—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used
- H03K17/78—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used using opto-electronic devices, i.e. light-emitting and photoelectric devices electrically- or optically-coupled
- H03K17/785—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used using opto-electronic devices, i.e. light-emitting and photoelectric devices electrically- or optically-coupled controlling field-effect transistor switches
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
- H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
- H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P29/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling electric motors, appropriate for both AC and DC motors
- H02P29/02—Providing protection against overload without automatic interruption of supply
- H02P29/024—Detecting a fault condition, e.g. short circuit, locked rotor, open circuit or loss of load
- H02P29/0241—Detecting a fault condition, e.g. short circuit, locked rotor, open circuit or loss of load the fault being an overvoltage
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P29/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling electric motors, appropriate for both AC and DC motors
- H02P29/02—Providing protection against overload without automatic interruption of supply
- H02P29/024—Detecting a fault condition, e.g. short circuit, locked rotor, open circuit or loss of load
- H02P29/027—Detecting a fault condition, e.g. short circuit, locked rotor, open circuit or loss of load the fault being an over-current
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K2217/00—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00
- H03K2217/0081—Power supply means, e.g. to the switch driver
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Power Conversion In General (AREA)
Abstract
Description
まず、実施形態の電力変換装置1について説明する。
図1Aは、実施形態の電力変換装置1の概略構成図である。
電力変換装置1は、主回路ユニット2と、半導体スイッチ駆動装置3とを備える。
図1Aに示す主回路ユニット2は、例えば一つ以上の半導体スイッチQを含む。半導体スイッチQの種類として、IGBT(Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor)を例示するが、これに制限されず、他の種類の半導体スイッチであってよい。主回路ユニット2には、電極として用いられる端子TC、TE及びTGがそれぞれ設けられている。例えば、端子TC、TE及びTGは、主回路ユニット2の筐体の内部で、半導体スイッチ本体、例えば、IGBTのコレクタ、エミッタ及びゲートにそれぞれ接続される。半導体スイッチQのエミッタ電位、つまり主回路ユニット2の端子TEの電位を基準電位とする。主回路ユニット2のより具体的な構成については、後述する。
半導体スイッチQは、ゲートとエミッタの間、換言すれば、端子TG(制御端子)と端子TE(共通電位になる端子)間が短絡した故障状態(制御端子短絡故障という。)になることがある。半導体スイッチQのゲートとエミッタの間が短絡すると、図1Bに示す矢印のように、ゲートパルスに応じて半導体スイッチQをオンに制御するときも、ゲートパルスがなく半導体スイッチQをオフに制御するときも短絡電流が流れることがある。
第1の実施形態において主回路ユニット2の概略構成について説明したが、本変形例では、より具体的な構成例を例示する。
主回路ユニット2は、例えば、レグLUからLWを備える。主回路ユニット2は、直流電力を3相交流電力に変換する。レグLUからLWは、同様に構成されていて、それぞれが電動機MのU相、V相、W相の巻線(不図示)に対応づけられている。主回路ユニット2は、3相交流電力を電動機Mに供給する。
図4は、実施形態の電力変換装置1Aの概略構成図である。
図4に示す主回路ユニット2Uと2V(第1主回路と第2主回路と呼ぶ。)は、それぞれ1つのIGBTを含む主回路ユニット2の一例である。主回路ユニット2Uと2Vは、前述の主回路ユニット2に相当する。
主回路ユニット2Uと2Vは、それぞれ半導体スイッチQU(第1半導体スイッチ)とQV(第2半導体スイッチ)とを含む。
例えば、ゲート電源20Aは、ゲート電源本体21と、パルストランス221と222(第1パルストランスと第2パルストランス)とを備える。
Claims (9)
- 主回路の半導体スイッチにその制御信号を供給して、前記半導体スイッチを駆動する駆動部と、
前記駆動部に電力を供給する電源部と、
前記電源部の1次側の過電圧状態の検出により又は制御により前記電源部に対する電力の供給を遮断するスイッチと、
前記半導体スイッチの制御端子の電圧に基づいた前記制御により、前記スイッチの導通状態を切り替える制御部と
を備える半導体スイッチ駆動装置。 - 前記駆動部は、
前記半導体スイッチをオフにする場合に、前記制御信号を負にバイアスして、
前記制御部は、
前記半導体スイッチをオフにする場合の前記制御端子の電圧が、所定値よりも小さい場合に、前記スイッチによって前記電源部に対する電力の供給を遮断させる、
請求項1に記載の半導体スイッチ駆動装置。 - 前記電源部の出力側は、前記主回路の電源から絶縁されている、
請求項1に記載の半導体スイッチ駆動装置。 - 前記半導体スイッチは、IGBTである、
請求項1に記載の半導体スイッチ駆動装置。 - 前記半導体スイッチの制御端子の電圧を検出する電圧検出部
を備える請求項1に記載の半導体スイッチ駆動装置。 - 第1制御端子に供給される第1制御信号によって制御される第1半導体スイッチを備える第1主回路と、
前記第1制御端子に前記第1制御信号を供給して、前記第1半導体スイッチを駆動する第1駆動部と、
前記第1制御端子の電圧を検出する電圧検出部と、
第2制御端子に供給される第2制御信号によって制御される第2半導体スイッチを備える第2主回路と、
前記第2制御端子に前記第2制御信号を供給して、前記第2半導体スイッチを駆動する第2駆動部と、
前記第1駆動部と前記第2駆動部に電力を供給する電源部と、
前記電源部の1次側の過電圧状態の検出により又は制御により前記電源部に対する電力の供給を遮断するスイッチと、
前記第1制御端子の電圧に基づいた前記制御により、前記スイッチの導通状態を切り替える制御部と
を備える電力変換装置。 - 前記電源部は、
前記電源部の1次側回路と、
前記1次側回路から供給される電力を変換して、前記第1駆動部に供給する電力を生成する第1パルストランスと、
前記1次側回路から供給される電力を変換して、前記第2駆動部に供給する電力を生成する第2パルストランスと、
を備える請求項6に記載の電力変換装置。 - 前記制御部は、
前記検出された前記第1制御端子の電圧に基づいて、前記第1半導体スイッチ又は前記第2半導体スイッチの短絡故障を検出する、
請求項6に記載の電力変換装置。 - 主回路の半導体スイッチにその制御信号を供給して、前記半導体スイッチを駆動する駆動部と、
前記駆動部に電力を供給する電源部と、
前記電源部の1次側の過電圧状態の検出により又は制御により前記電源部に対する電力の供給を遮断するスイッチと、を備える半導体スイッチ駆動装置の制御方法であって、
前記半導体スイッチの制御端子の電圧に基づいて、前記スイッチの導通状態を切り替える過程
を含む制御方法。
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JP2006050865A (ja) * | 2004-08-09 | 2006-02-16 | Toshiba Mitsubishi-Electric Industrial System Corp | 半導体電力変換装置の駆動回路 |
JP2007236126A (ja) * | 2006-03-02 | 2007-09-13 | Sharp Corp | 電源装置およびこれを用いた電子機器 |
JP2018042439A (ja) * | 2016-09-09 | 2018-03-15 | 東芝三菱電機産業システム株式会社 | 電力変換装置 |
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JP2018057105A (ja) * | 2016-09-27 | 2018-04-05 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 半導体駆動装置ならびにこれを用いた電力変換装置 |
JP7131978B2 (ja) * | 2018-06-21 | 2022-09-06 | 株式会社東芝 | 電力用半導体駆動装置及び電力変換装置 |
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JP2006050865A (ja) * | 2004-08-09 | 2006-02-16 | Toshiba Mitsubishi-Electric Industrial System Corp | 半導体電力変換装置の駆動回路 |
JP2007236126A (ja) * | 2006-03-02 | 2007-09-13 | Sharp Corp | 電源装置およびこれを用いた電子機器 |
JP2018042439A (ja) * | 2016-09-09 | 2018-03-15 | 東芝三菱電機産業システム株式会社 | 電力変換装置 |
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