CN115568381A - Method for controlling grassland desertification land by using ecological vegetation - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- C09K17/32—Prepolymers; Macromolecular compounds of natural origin, e.g. cellulosic materials
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of grassland ecology, and particularly relates to a method for controlling grassland desertification land by using ecological vegetation, which comprises the following steps: sowing grass seeds in late spring and early summer; constructing a three-dimensional grid structure: and transplanting shrub plants, or cutting dead branches or dead branches with leaves in the desert grassland soil. The method further comprises the step of applying a water-retaining material, the formulation of which is as follows: 500-600 parts of water-retaining agent, 30-60 parts of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and 50-80 parts of probiotics. The invention develops a desertification grassland treatment method with water retention, rapid vegetation growth and good treatment effect by applying theories and technical means such as ecology, soil science, plant nutrition, litter layer theory construction technology and the like, and forms a new idea, a new idea and a new method which are suitable for ecological restoration of the Oridos desertification grassland.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of grassland ecology, and particularly relates to a method for controlling grassland desertified land by utilizing ecological vegetation.
Background
The conventional technical method for restoring the ecology of the grassland, such as technical measures of reseeding, fertilizing, irrigating, loosening the soil, cutting roots and the like, has obvious ecological restoration effect on typical grasslands and meadow grasslands with relatively good moisture conditions; however, due to the severe environmental factors such as less precipitation, severe soil erosion and the like, the effect of general ecological restoration technical measures in vegetation restoration of desert grasslands is not ideal.
Taking the Oridos desert grassland as an example, the Oridos desert grassland is located in the southwest of the inner Mongolia autonomous region and in the abdominal region of the Oridos plateau, belongs to a transition region from the grassland to the desert grassland, and has the disadvantages of complex and changeable geographic environment, less precipitation and large water evaporation capacity, thus causing serious water and soil resource loss. At present, the governing of the Ordors desert grassland is mainly embodied as preventing 'four excessive', namely preventing the situations of excessive reclamation, excessive grazing, excessive firewood production and excessive water resource. Among them, the protection of water resource is the important thing for desert grassland treatment.
The water-retaining agent is a more outstanding product for maintaining the water content of the desert grassland soil, and the influence of applying the water-retaining agent on the vegetation growth by Zhanggao, hasbilu, in Syngnathus, desert grassland natural grassland is studied [ J ] the rural pastoral area mechanization 2015 (1): 2.) the influence of applying the water-retaining agent on the vegetation growth by desert grassland is studied, the water-retaining agent used is a French AQUASORB series water-retaining agent, the main component is a copolymer of potassium-polyacrylate-refined acrylic acid phthalein clothes, and the research result shows that the application of the water-retaining agent improves the structure of a groove group, the coverage, the height and the biomass of the grass group are increased, and the grassland ecology is improved.
However, the problems of how to apply the water-retaining agent and how much water-retaining agent is applied are still needed to be researched, the main functions of the water-retaining agent are to retain soil moisture and prevent water loss, and the growth of the grassland vegetation still depends on the metabolic capacity of the vegetation, so that the method for controlling the desertification grassland by using the water-retaining agent alone has poor effect.
Based on the reasons, the method combines a plurality of ecological restoration technologies, and avoids the problem that the restoration effect is poor because other ecological system restoration measures are blindly taken in the ecological restoration process of the degraded grassland in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a method for controlling grassland desertified land by using ecological vegetation.
The invention aims to provide a method for controlling grassland desertification land by using ecological vegetation,
(1) Sowing grass seeds in late spring and early summer;
(2) Constructing a three-dimensional grid structure: transplanting shrub plants in the desert grassland soil; or cutting dead branches or dead branches with leaves in the desert grassland soil.
Preferably, the grass seeds are seeds of plants of the genus Achillea, gekko mongholicus, shacawang, elymus dahuricus or Lespedeza bicolor.
Preferably, the needle grass is one or more of acutely acutangula, philippine fescue, apergris nodorum, falcate aweto, viburnum filiformis, daphne filiformis, changyu acutangula, thin leaf acutangula and Long tongue acutangula.
Preferably, the sowing amount of the seeds of the cymbopogon plant is 5-15g/m 2 。
Preferably, the shrub plant is caragana microphylla.
Preferably, the vegetation area of caragana korshinskii accounts for 10-15% of the soil area of the test field, and the caragana korshinskii is sowed in rows.
Preferably, the method further comprises the step of applying a water-retaining substance, wherein the formula of the water-retaining substance is as follows: 500-600 parts of water-retaining agent, 30-60 parts of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and 50-80 parts of probiotics.
Preferably, the formula of the water-retaining substance is as follows: 500 parts of water-retaining agent, 30 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and 50 parts of probiotics.
Preferably, the probiotic is bifidobacterium adolescentis.
Preferably, the application time of the water retention substance is 20-30kg of the water retention substance per mu before sowing the grass seeds and after constructing the three-dimensional grid structure.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention inspects a plurality of documents on the aspect of grassland ecological structure, carefully considers the advantages and the disadvantages of the existing desertification grassland treatment method, and develops the desertification grassland treatment method with water retention, rapid vegetation growth and good treatment effect by applying the theories and technical means of ecology, soil science, plant nutrition, withered and fallen vegetation physical construction technology and the like on the basis.
The invention breaks through the technical bottleneck of ecological restoration of desert grassland, provides an optimal technical scheme for vegetation restoration of desert grassland, integrates a set of technical system for ecological restoration by natural force, and forms a new idea, a new idea and a new method suitable for ecological restoration of the Ordos desert grassland:
firstly, selecting spring and summer as sowing time in the aspect of soil recovery, accumulating surface soil eroded in the degradation process by relying on wind power action of a desert grassland, and realizing surface soil reconstruction of the degraded grassland soil; secondly, a technical method for ecological restoration mainly depending on reseeding to increase the number of soil seed banks in the conventional vegetation recovery process is innovated, a technical method for collecting wind-transmitted seeds and increasing dominant species seeds to enter soil germination and colonization is developed, and meanwhile, a sowing technical method with zero disturbance of the needle cogongrass plant seed soil is developed by utilizing the unique self-sowing phenomenon of the needle cogongrass plant seeds for the first time; and thirdly, aiming at the natural condition of extreme water shortage of the desert grassland, a three-dimensional grid structure and a water-retaining agent which fully utilize natural rainfall are developed, the natural rainfall is fully retained, the retaining efficiency of the natural rainfall is improved, and the ecological restoration effect is improved. Based on the three aspects, the invention has strong innovation in the technical aspect, and some technical methods and concepts are put forward for the first time in ecological restoration of desert grasslands.
In addition, the invention also provides a novel water-retaining agent formula, and experiments prove that the water-retaining effect of the soil is obviously improved after the soil is treated by using the water-retaining agent.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing a change in the amount of water evaporated.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the technical solutions of the present invention to be implemented, the present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific embodiments and accompanying drawings.
In the description of the present invention, reagents used are commercially available and methods used are all conventional in the art, unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
A method of remediating grassland desertification using ecological vegetation, comprising:
(1) Sowing seeds of the stipa plant in late spring and early summer (last ten days of 5 months, specifically 9 days of 5 months) with the sowing amount of 15g/m 2 。
The stipa plant seeds are seeds obtained by mixing stipa angustifolia, philippine violet herb, spikemoss filiformis, falcate acutissima, needle stipa glauca and needle stipa glauca according to the mass ratio of 1.
Rely on the wind-force effect in late spring and early summer in desert grassland to utilize unique "oneself seeding" phenomenon of stipa species plant seed, the artificial seeding is once, and the follow-up time is for seeding automatically with the help of wind-force, utilizes automatic seeding to compensate the vegetation that dies in the desert grassland, so, can reduce the seeding number of times, reduces the manpower and materials that the seeding consumed to and seeding machinery reduces the harm to soil to rolling of soil.
(2) In the middle ten days of month 5 (specifically, 19 days of month 5), a three-dimensional grid structure is constructed: and transplanting shrub plants in the desert grassland soil, wherein the shrub plants are caragana microphylla.
The vegetation area of caragana korshinskii accounts for 15% of the soil area of the test field, and the caragana korshinskii is sowed in rows.
At the moment, grass seeds sowed in spring are grown, summer rainy season is coming, shrub plants have the effects of wind prevention and sand fixation, and the porosity of soil at a cuttage place can be changed.
Example 2
A method of remediating grassland desertification using ecological vegetation, comprising:
(1) Sowing the grass seeds in late spring and early summer (ten days in 5 months, specifically, 7 days in 5 months) with the sowing quantity of 5g/m 2 。
The grass seeds are seeds obtained by mixing the Mongolian wheatgrass, the Shadawang, the elymus dahuricus and the lespedeza bicolor according to the mass ratio of 1.
The artificial sowing is once, and the follow-up time utilizes automatic sowing to compensate the vegetation that dies in the desert grassland (need not artifical sowing once more) with the help of the wind-force effect automatic sowing in the desert grassland spring, so, can reduce the seeding number of times, reduce the manpower and materials that the seeding consumed to and the seeding machinery rolls to soil, reduce the harm to soil.
(2) In middle ten days of 5 months (specifically, 15 days in 5 months), a three-dimensional grid structure is constructed: caragana microphylla dead branches with leaves are inserted into desert grassland soil.
The vegetation area of caragana dead branches accounts for 10 percent of the soil area of the test field, and the caragana is sowed in a row mode.
At the moment, the grass seeds sowed in spring are grown, rain seasons are coming in summer, the withered branches have the effects of preventing wind and fixing sand, and the porosity of soil at the cutting position can be changed.
Example 3
A method of remediating grassland desertification using ecological vegetation, comprising:
(1) Applying the water retention substance 20kg per mu before sowing the grass seeds in late spring and early summer (ten days in 5 months, specifically 8 days in 5 months); sowing grass seeds in late spring and early summer (ten days in 5 months, specifically, 9 days in 5 months), wherein the sowing quantity is 15g/m 2 。
The seeds of the stipa plants are seeds obtained by mixing stipa angustifolia, purple needle grass, silk glume needle grass, falcate needle grass, sandy needle grass and stipa macrosperma according to the mass ratio of 1.
The principle of sowing seeds of the pinocembria species is the same as in example 1.
The formula of the water retention substance is as follows: 500 parts of water-retaining agent (brand DEMI Soaker, product number 3021700009), 30 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and 50 parts of probiotics (bifidobacterium adolescentis).
(2) In the middle ten days of month 5 (specifically, 19 days of month 5), a three-dimensional grid structure is constructed: transplanting shrub plants, namely caragana microphylla in desert grassland soil, and then applying 20kg of water retention substance per mu.
The principle of transplanting shrub plants is the same as in example 1.
The formula of the water retention substance is as follows: 500 parts of water retention agent (brand DEMI Soaker, product number 3021700009), 30 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and 50 parts of probiotics (bifidobacterium adolescentis).
Example 4
A method for remediating grassland desertified by ecological vegetation comprises the following steps:
(1) The water retention substance is applied before the grass seeds are sown in late spring and early summer (ten days in 5 months, specifically, 8 days in 5 months), and 30kg of the water retention substance is applied to each mu; sowing grass seeds in late spring and early summer (5 ten days in the first 5 months, specifically 5 months and 9 days), wherein the sowing quantity is 15g/m 2 。
The stipa plant seeds are seeds obtained by mixing stipa angustifolia, philippine violet herb, spikemoss filiformis, falcate acutissima, needle stipa glauca and needle stipa glauca according to the mass ratio of 1.
The principle of sowing seeds of the pinocembria species is the same as in example 1.
(2) In the middle ten days of month 5 (specifically, 19 days of month 5), a three-dimensional grid structure is constructed: transplanting shrub plants, namely caragana microphylla, in the desert grassland soil, and then applying 30kg of water retention substance per mu.
The principle of transplanting shrub plants is the same as in example 1.
The formula of the water retention substance is as follows: 600 parts of water-retaining agent (brand DEMI Soaker, product number 3021700009), 60 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and 80 parts of probiotics (bifidobacterium adolescentis).
Experiment (1) water evaporation experiments for different formulations of water retention were as follows:
1) Grouping:
water-retaining material 1: 500 parts of water-retaining agent, 30 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and 50 parts of bifidobacterium adolescentis;
water-retaining material 2: a water-retaining agent (the same as the water-retaining agent of the water-retaining substance 1);
water-retaining material 3: sodium carboxymethylcellulose;
water-retaining material 4: bifidobacterium adolescentis.
2) The experimental method comprises the following steps: 1kg of soil sample (the maximum water holding capacity of the soil sample is tested to be 29%) is dried, water-retaining substances with different formulas are added, the mixture is fully mixed, 100mg of the water-retaining substances are added into each kg of the soil sample, deionized water which is 29% of the dry weight of the soil sample is added, and the mixture is fully mixed to achieve the state of the maximum water holding capacity. The mixture was placed in a 2L beaker, the room environment was allowed to evaporate naturally, weighed ten points in the morning each day, and the water evaporation capacity was measured on different evaporation days:
moisture evaporation = mixture weight measured last time-mixture weight measured last time.
The water retention performance of different water retention materials was evaluated by the amount of water evaporated. The amount of water evaporated as a function of the number of evaporation days is shown in Table 1. The evaporation capacity curves for different days are shown in FIG. 1. The results show that the evaporation of water retention 1 is the smallest, the evaporation of water retention 3 is the largest, and the evaporation of water retention 2 and 4 is intermediate.
TABLE 1 variation of Water evaporation amount with evaporation days
| Group of | |
7 days | 14 days | 21 days | 28 days |
| Water-retaining article 1 | 0 | 27.85±2.73 | 42.83±2.27 | 29.50±3.55 | 24.52±2.68 |
| Water retention article 2 | 0 | 34.22±2.33 | 46.31±1.47 | 32.21±3.79 | 29.67±3.29 |
| Water-retaining article 3 | 0 | 40.29±3.38 | 58.61±4.63 | 41.19±2.95 | 33.98±3.85 |
| Water retention article 4 | 0 | 35.99±1.74 | 48.51±2.82 | 33.69±4.51 | 30.59±2.89 |
Experiment (2) experiment of desert grassland restoration method of different embodiments
1) Setting up a test cell: the length is 20m, and the width is 20m; the interval between the communities is 5m, the preparation of the test area is mainly based on the Kirschner wire, the growth vigor is uniform, the vegetation coverage (namely vegetation coverage) is about 30 percent, and the biomass is 100g/m 2 。
2) The test methods are grouped as follows:
example 1 group: the test cells were treated using the method of example 1;
example 2 group: the test cell was treated using the method of example 2;
example 3 group: the test cells were treated using the method of example 3;
example 4 group: the test cell was treated using the method of example 4;
blank control group: no treatment is done.
Three replicates were set up for each group.
The content changes of the vegetation coverage and the biomass are shown in the following table 2 before and after treatment, and the results show that the vegetation coverage and the biomass change differently before and after treatment of different treatment groups, and the vegetation coverage and the biomass are obviously improved compared with a blank control group after treatment by the methods of the embodiments 1 to 4 of the invention, which shows that the method of the invention can effectively improve the ecological environment of desertification soil and has high application value.
TABLE 2 vegetation coverage and content variation of biomass
It should be noted that, when the present invention relates to a numerical range, it should be understood that two endpoints of each numerical range and any value between the two endpoints can be selected, and since the steps and methods adopted are the same as those in the embodiment, in order to prevent redundancy, the present invention describes a preferred embodiment. While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including the preferred embodiment and all changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (10)
1. A method for controlling grassland desertification land by using ecological vegetation is characterized in that,
(1) Sowing grass seeds in late spring and early summer;
(2) Constructing a three-dimensional grid structure: transplanting shrub plants in the desert grassland soil; or cutting dead branches or dead branches with leaves in the desert grassland soil.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the grass seeds are seeds of cymbopogon, agropyron mongolicum, sarcandra glabra, elymus cappa or lespedeza.
3. The method for remediating grassland desertification with ecological vegetation according to claim 1, the needle grass is one or more of needle grass of Tibet ear, purple needle grass, silk spike needle grass, falcate needle grass, sandfly needle grass, dactylis lanceolata, long feather needle grass, thin leaf needle grass and long tongue needle grass.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the planting rate of the seeds of the Achillea plant is 5-15g/m 2 。
5. The method for remedying the grassland desertified by the ecological vegetation according to claim 1, wherein the shrub plant is caragana korshinskii.
6. The method for remedying the grassland desertification land by using the ecological vegetation according to claim 5, wherein the caragana microphylla vegetation area accounts for 10 to 15 percent of the soil area of the test field and is sowed.
7. The method of utilizing ecological vegetation to remediate grassland desertification according to claim 1, further comprising the step of applying a water retention, the formulation of the water retention being as follows: 500-600 parts of water-retaining agent, 30-60 parts of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and 50-80 parts of probiotics.
8. The method for remediating grassland desertified by using ecological vegetation according to claim 7, wherein the formulation of the water retention is as follows: 500 parts of water-retaining agent, 30 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and 50 parts of probiotics.
9. The method of using ecological vegetation to remediate grassland desertification according to claim 7, wherein the probiotic is Bifidobacterium adolescentis.
10. The method of claim 7, wherein the water-retaining substances are applied in an amount of 20-30kg per mu before sowing the grass seeds and after constructing the three-dimensional lattice structure.
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