CN111802015A - Method for restoring degraded grassland vegetation by hole-making technology - Google Patents
Method for restoring degraded grassland vegetation by hole-making technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN111802015A CN111802015A CN202010785897.9A CN202010785897A CN111802015A CN 111802015 A CN111802015 A CN 111802015A CN 202010785897 A CN202010785897 A CN 202010785897A CN 111802015 A CN111802015 A CN 111802015A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for restoring degraded grassland vegetation by a cave-making technology, which comprises the steps of carrying out the cave-making technology aiming at slightly degraded grassland, medium degraded grassland and severe degraded grassland respectively, carrying out manual hole-breaking on the degraded grassland with serious soil erosion aiming at the degraded grassland with different degrees, breaking circular hole-breaking on the degraded grassland, setting different hole diameters and hole depths, and determining the distance between the holes according to the degradation degree of the grassland. The method mainly depends on natural force to carry out vegetation restoration on the degraded grassland, and has the characteristics of simplicity, easiness in operation, low restoration cost, good ecological restoration effect and the like. According to the invention, the utilization efficiency of natural rainfall of the natural grassland is improved by making holes, the storage capacity of the degraded grassland soil seed bank is improved, the soil fertility of the small pits is effectively increased, a microenvironment beneficial to seed germination is created, and the seed germination and seedling number of the natural grassland soil seed bank are greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological management and restoration of degraded grasslands, and particularly relates to a technical method for improving the storage capacity of a soil seed bank and planting seeds into seedlings by using a hole-making technology, so as to realize ecological restoration of the degraded grasslands.
Background
Grassland degradation is a retrograde ecological succession caused by unreasonable management and over-limit utilization under fragile ecological geographic conditions, thereby causing succession processes of vegetation productivity decline, biological composition alternation, soil degradation, hydrologic cycle system change and near-surface microclimate environment deterioration. Water is the most important ecological factor in grassland ecosystems in arid and semi-dry early areas, and the only way for the water source of natural grasslands is natural rainfall. Due to the limiting factors of rare rainfall, large evaporation capacity, serious wind erosion and water erosion and the like, some traditional technical methods have no obvious effect in vegetation recovery of the desert grassland and even lead to the aggravation of degradation degree. Meanwhile, the seeds in the degraded grassland soil seed bank are difficult to germinate due to the rare rainfall and large evaporation amount, or the survival rate of the seedlings is low due to the phenomenon of 'dead seedlings' caused by long-time drought after germination. The soil seed bank provides a seed source for the renewal and restoration of plant communities, and plays an important role in remodeling and maintaining biological diversity. The relative shortage of the number of the degenerated grassland soil seed banks results in the shortage of native plant seeds for the ecological restoration of the grassland. In recent years, people pay more and more attention to the role of native plant grass seeds in ecological restoration, but the large-area popularization of the ecological restoration is restricted due to the difficulty in collecting and sowing the native plant grass seeds. Therefore, the key of ecological restoration of the desert grassland is to fully utilize limited natural rainfall, increase the storage capacity of a soil seed bank and improve the success rate of germination and field planting of the native seeds.
At present, the widely applied ecological restoration measures of the grassland, such as soil loosening, fertilization, reseeding and the like, are taken as relatively common technologies for ecological restoration, and have obvious effects on degenerated typical grasslands and meadow grasslands. However, due to the limiting factors of rare rainfall, large evaporation capacity, severe wind erosion and water erosion and the like, some traditional technical methods have no obvious effect in vegetation recovery of the desert grassland and even lead to the aggravation of degradation degree. The existing ecological restoration technical measures of the desert grassland still have great blindness, and the ecological restoration technical scheme which is not suitable for the characteristics of the desert grassland is adopted in some regions, so that the ecological restoration effect is not obvious, and a great deal of waste of manpower, material resources and financial resources is caused. Therefore, based on the above defects in the prior art, it is urgently needed to develop a vegetation restoration technical measure suitable for the harsh environment of the desert grassland, so as to improve the success rate of ecological restoration of the desert grassland and reduce the ecological restoration cost of the desert grassland.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for restoring degraded grassland vegetation by a cave-making technology in order to overcome the defects in the prior art, so that ecological restoration of degraded grasslands in a fragile ecological environment is realized.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the invention discloses a method for restoring degraded grassland vegetation by a cave-making technology, which comprises the following steps of respectively aiming at the artificial cave-making technologies of slightly degraded grassland, moderate degraded grassland and severely degraded grassland:
(1) aiming at a slightly degraded grassland with vegetation coverage of more than 20% and less than 30%, carrying out manual pit smashing on the degraded grassland with serious soil erosion, smashing circular pits on the degraded grassland, wherein the diameter of each pit is 5-8 cm, the depth of each pit is 5-9 cm, and determining the distance between each pit and each pit according to the degradation degree of the grassland;
(2) aiming at moderate degraded grassland with vegetation coverage of more than 10 percent and less than or equal to 20 percent, dominant species account for less than 20 percent; smashing round pit holes on the degenerated grassland, wherein the diameter of each pit hole is 6-7 cm, and the depth of each pit hole is 6-7 cm;
(3) aiming at the severe deteriorated grassland with the vegetation coverage of less than or equal to 10 percent, the vegetation is mainly annual and biennial plants, and the vegetation restoration is carried out on the severe deteriorated grassland with serious soil erosion by adopting a method of smashing pot holes and paving hemp rope grids on the grassland; the diameter of each pit is 6-8 cm, and the depth of each pit is 7-9 cm.
Preferably, the distance between the pits is about 30cm, and the number of the pits per square meter is 9 for the slightly deteriorated grassland.
Preferably, the distance between every two pits is about 25cm, and each square meter of the medium deterioration grassland is 16 pits.
Preferably, the distance between every two pits is about 20cm, and each square meter of the pits is 25 pits for the severely deteriorated grassland.
Preferably, for the severely deteriorated grassland, the grid size of the hemp rope grid is 30cm2, and the diameter of the hemp rope grid is 1 cm.
The method for restoring the vegetation of the degraded grassland by the hole-making technology has the implementation time that after the grassland falls in the spring every year, the engineering operation of artificially making the pits on the degraded grassland is carried out under the condition that the soil is wet.
The method for restoring the degraded grassland vegetation by the hole making technology further comprises a post-implementation management technology, wherein the post-implementation management technology is specifically that after the hole making is completed, fence grazing is implemented on an operation area, the grazing prohibiting time is 1-2 years, so that the reproductive branches of perennial vegetation are not eaten, the vegetation blooms and fruits, the seeds fall into the pits after being mature, a large number of native seeds are gathered in the pits, and the number of soil seed banks is increased.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the ecological restoration technology mainly depends on natural power to carry out vegetation restoration on the degraded grassland, and has the characteristics of simplicity and easiness in operation, low restoration cost, good ecological restoration effect and the like. According to the technical scheme, the utilization efficiency of natural rainfall in the natural grassland is improved by making the pits, so that limited rainfall is locally gathered on the grassland, and the water content of soil in the pits is improved; meanwhile, the storage capacity of the degraded grassland soil seed bank is improved, the soil fertility of the small pits is effectively increased, and a microenvironment beneficial to germination of the native seeds is created. Through the implementation of the technical scheme of the invention, the seed germination and seedling number of the natural grassland soil seed bank are greatly improved. The technical scheme of the invention realizes that perennial grass seeds such as stipa brachycarpa, stipa capillata or awnless shadow grass and the like are collected by means of natural force, and meanwhile, natural hole sowing of the seeds is realized, and the problems of collection and sowing of local grass seeds and the like are effectively solved. The technical scheme of the invention follows the operation rule of the ecological system of the desert grassland, fully utilizes natural rainfall of the natural grassland and improves the quantity of seeds in the soil seed bank to carry out ecological restoration, develops the ecological restoration technical method with low soil disturbance and zero irrigation, breaks through the technical bottleneck of ecological restoration of the desert grassland, and has strong innovation.
The invention also solves the following technical problems: 1) according to the technical scheme, natural rainfall of the natural grassland can be fully utilized, accumulated water is formed in the pits in the rainfall process, the water content of soil in the pits is improved, and sufficient water is provided for germination of seeds; 2) the small pits can also accumulate a large amount of native plant grass seeds on the grassland, the native plant seeds can be accumulated in the small pits in summer, and the seeds spread by wind power can be accumulated in the small pits in winter, so that the storage capacity of a degraded grassland soil seed bank is improved, natural hole sowing is realized, and the technical problems of native grass seed collection, sowing and the like are solved; 3) the small pits can accumulate grass foam, sheep manure foam and fine soil eroded by wind power, so that the soil fertility in the small pits is improved, and 'woo islands' with plenty of grassland fertile soil and seeds are formed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of the effect of the hole-making technique of the present invention on the restoration of degraded grassland vegetation;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the effect of the present invention after application of the hole-making technique to recover degraded grassland vegetation;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of the hole-making effect of the hole-making technique of the present invention for recovering degraded grassland vegetation;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a hole making process for restoring degraded grassland vegetation according to the hole making technique of the present invention;
in fig. 4: 1-fertile soil; 2-sheep manure foam; 3-grass foam; 4-seeds.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and the detailed description.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the present invention discloses a method for restoring degraded grassland vegetation by a hole-making technique, which includes artificial hole-making techniques for slightly degraded grassland, moderately degraded grassland and severely degraded grassland, respectively: (1) aiming at a slightly degraded grassland with vegetation coverage of more than 20% and less than 30%, carrying out manual pit smashing on the degraded grassland with serious soil erosion, smashing circular pits on the degraded grassland, wherein the diameter of each pit is 5-8 cm, the depth of each pit is 5-9 cm, and determining the distance between each pit and each pit according to the degradation degree of the grassland; (2) aiming at moderate degraded grassland with vegetation coverage of more than 10 percent and less than or equal to 20 percent, dominant species account for less than 20 percent; smashing round pit holes on the degenerated grassland, wherein the diameter of each pit hole is 6-7 cm, and the depth of each pit hole is 6-7 cm; (3) aiming at the severe deteriorated grassland with the vegetation coverage of less than or equal to 10 percent, the vegetation is mainly annual and biennial plants, and the vegetation restoration is carried out on the severe deteriorated grassland with serious soil erosion by adopting a method of smashing pot holes and paving hemp rope grids on the grassland; the diameter of each pit is 6-8 cm, and the depth of each pit is 7-9 cm.
Aiming at the slightly deteriorated grassland, the distance between every two pits is about 30cm, and 9 pits are arranged per square meter. Aiming at the moderate deterioration grassland, the distance between every two pits is about 25cm, and each square meter has 16 pits. Aiming at the severe deteriorated grassland, the distance between every two pits is about 20cm, and every square meter is 25 pits, and the grid size for laying hemp rope grids is 30cm2The diameter of the hemp rope laid with the hemp rope grid is 1 cm. The method for restoring the vegetation of the degraded grassland by the hole-making technology has the implementation time that after the grassland falls in the spring every year, the engineering operation of artificially making the pits on the degraded grassland is carried out under the condition that the soil is wet. The method for restoring the degraded grassland vegetation by the hole making technology further comprises a post-implementation management technology, wherein the post-implementation management technology is specifically that after the hole making is completed, a fence is implemented to forbid grazing for an operation area, the time of forbidding grazing is 1-2 years, so that the reproductive branches of perennial vegetation are not eaten, the maximum number of vegetation blooms and fruits, the seeds fall into small pits after being mature, a large number of native seeds are gathered in the small pits, and the number of soil seed banks is increased. From FIGS. 2 and 4It can be seen that within each pit, a lot of fertile soil 1, sheep manure foam 2, grass foam 3 and seeds 4 are accumulated.
Finally, it should be noted that the above contents are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and do not limit the protection scope of the present invention. Simple modifications and equivalents may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for restoring degraded grassland vegetation by a hole-making technology is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method for restoring the deteriorated grassland vegetation by the cave-making technology comprises the cave-making technologies respectively aiming at the slightly deteriorated grassland, the moderate deteriorated grassland and the severe deteriorated grassland:
(1) aiming at a slightly degraded grassland with vegetation coverage of more than 20% and less than 30%, carrying out manual pit smashing on the degraded grassland with serious soil erosion, smashing circular pits on the degraded grassland, wherein the diameter of each pit is 5-8 cm, the depth of each pit is 5-9 cm, and determining the distance between each pit and each pit according to the degradation degree of the grassland;
(2) aiming at moderate degraded grassland with vegetation coverage of more than 10 percent and less than or equal to 20 percent, dominant species account for less than 20 percent; smashing round pit holes on the degenerated grassland, wherein the diameter of each pit hole is 6-7 cm, and the depth of each pit hole is 6-7 cm;
(3) aiming at the severe deteriorated grassland with the vegetation coverage of less than or equal to 10 percent, the vegetation is mainly annual and biennial plants, and the vegetation restoration is carried out on the severe deteriorated grassland with serious soil erosion by adopting a method of smashing pot holes and paving hemp rope grids on the grassland; the diameter of each pit is 6-8 cm, and the depth of each pit is 7-9 cm.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the technique of hole making is used to recover vegetation on degraded grassland, and the method comprises the following steps: aiming at the slightly deteriorated grassland, the distance between every two pits is 30cm, and 9 pits are arranged per square meter.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the technique of hole making is used to recover vegetation on degraded grassland, and the method comprises the following steps: aiming at the moderate deterioration grassland, the distance between every two pits is 25cm, and each square meter has 16 pits.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the technique of hole making is used to recover vegetation on degraded grassland, and the method comprises the following steps: aiming at the severe deteriorated grassland, the distance between every two pits is 20cm, and every square meter is 25 pits.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the technique of hole making is used to recover vegetation on degraded grassland, and the method comprises the following steps: aiming at the severe deteriorated grassland, the grid size of the hemp rope grid is 30cm2The diameter of the hemp rope laid with the hemp rope grid is 1 cm.
6. The method of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the technique of hole-making is used to recover degraded grassland vegetation, and wherein: the implementation time of the method for restoring the vegetation of the degraded grassland by the hole-making technology is that after the grassland falls down in spring every year, the engineering operation of artificially making pits on the degraded grassland is carried out under the condition that the soil is wet.
7. The method of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the technique of hole-making is used to recover degraded grassland vegetation, and wherein: the method for restoring the degraded grassland vegetation by the hole making technology further comprises a post-implementation management technology, wherein the post-implementation management technology is specifically that after the hole making is completed, fence grazing is implemented on an operation area, the grazing prohibiting time is 1-2 years, so that the reproductive branches of perennial vegetation are not eaten, the maximum vegetation is enabled to blossom and fruit, the seeds fall into the pits after being mature, a large number of native seeds are gathered in the pits, and the number of soil seed banks is increased.
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| CN202010785897.9A CN111802015B (en) | 2020-08-04 | 2020-08-04 | Method for recovering degraded grassland vegetation by hole making technology |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114651549A (en) * | 2021-12-07 | 2022-06-24 | 内蒙古蒙草生态环境（集团）股份有限公司 | Construction method for treating saline-alkali spots |
| CN115568381A (en) * | 2022-09-08 | 2023-01-06 | 鄂尔多斯市林业和草原调查勘验中心 | Method for controlling grassland desertification land by using ecological vegetation |
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| CN115568381A (en) * | 2022-09-08 | 2023-01-06 | 鄂尔多斯市林业和草原调查勘验中心 | Method for controlling grassland desertification land by using ecological vegetation |
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| CN111802015B (en) | 2023-05-09 |
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