CN115553203A - Cut-flower lily trough type soilless culture method - Google Patents
Cut-flower lily trough type soilless culture method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115553203A CN115553203A CN202211092003.3A CN202211092003A CN115553203A CN 115553203 A CN115553203 A CN 115553203A CN 202211092003 A CN202211092003 A CN 202211092003A CN 115553203 A CN115553203 A CN 115553203A
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- 241000234435 Lilium Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 238000012136 culture method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 30
- 230000034303 cell budding Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004563 wettable powder Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- IBSREHMXUMOFBB-JFUDTMANSA-N 5u8924t11h Chemical compound O1[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@@H](OC)C[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](OC)C[C@H](O[C@@H]2C(=C/C[C@@H]3C[C@@H](C[C@@]4(O3)C=C[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(C)C)O4)OC(=O)[C@@H]3C=C(C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]4OC\C([C@@]34O)=C/C=C/[C@@H]2C)/C)O[C@H]1C.C1=C[C@H](C)[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)O[C@]11O[C@H](C\C=C(C)\[C@@H](O[C@@H]2O[C@@H](C)[C@H](O[C@@H]3O[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@@H](OC)C3)[C@@H](OC)C2)[C@@H](C)\C=C\C=C/2[C@]3([C@H](C(=O)O4)C=C(C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]3OC\2)O)C[C@H]4C1 IBSREHMXUMOFBB-JFUDTMANSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005660 Abamectin Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbendazim Natural products C1=CC=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005802 Mancozeb Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005828 Pyrimethanil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 229950008167 abamectin Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000006013 carbendazim Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbendazim Chemical compound C1=C[CH]C2=NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- ZLIBICFPKPWGIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrimethanil Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=NC(NC=2C=CC=CC=2)=N1 ZLIBICFPKPWGIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005747 Chlorothalonil Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- CRQQGFGUEAVUIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorothalonil Chemical compound ClC1=C(Cl)C(C#N)=C(Cl)C(C#N)=C1Cl CRQQGFGUEAVUIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 zinc aluminum magnesium zinc phosphate Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004495 emulsifiable concentrate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000009335 monocropping Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000249 desinfective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- WIYSJUIBUPDSRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCP.[Al+3].[Mn+2].[Zn+2] Chemical compound CCP.[Al+3].[Mn+2].[Zn+2] WIYSJUIBUPDSRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000000100 Hibiscus rosa sinensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000000664 Rosa chinensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000008254 Rosa chinensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000016785 Rosa della China Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003053 toxin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000765 toxin Toxicity 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/44—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a nitrogen atom attached to the same carbon skeleton by a single or double bond, this nitrogen atom not being a member of a derivative or of a thio analogue of a carboxylic group, e.g. amino-carboxylic acids
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/54—1,3-Diazines; Hydrogenated 1,3-diazines
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
- A01N47/10—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof
- A01N47/12—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof containing a —O—CO—N< group, or a thio analogue thereof, neither directly attached to a ring nor the nitrogen atom being a member of a heterocyclic ring
- A01N47/14—Di-thio analogues thereof
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
- A01P1/00—Disinfectants; Antimicrobial compounds or mixtures thereof
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- A01P3/00—Fungicides
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Abstract
The invention provides a slot type soilless culture method of cut-flower lily, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: 1) preparing a culture medium, 2) preparing facilities, 3) setting the lily bulbs, 4) managing water, fertilizer, temperature and illumination after setting the lily bulbs, 5) preventing and controlling diseases after setting the lily bulbs, and 6) harvesting. The lily cut flower cultivation method has the advantages that the cultivation groove can be conveniently utilized to carry out soilless cultivation of the lily cut flower, the defects of serious soil spread diseases and continuous cropping obstacles existing in the existing soil cultivation are effectively overcome, measures such as cutting drip irrigation, water and fertilizer control, temperature and humidity control, light irradiation control, drug control and the like are matched, the quality of the lily cut flower is remarkably improved, meanwhile, the method is not limited by cultivated land and time, annual production and annual harvesting are carried out, the yield of the lily cut flower is improved, land resources are saved, economic benefits are improved, the requirements of markets for the lily cut flower are met, and reliable technical support is provided for the lily cut flower to be planted into the European and American high-end markets.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a soilless culture method, in particular to a slot type soilless culture method for cut-flower lily, belonging to the technical field of soilless culture of flowers.
Background
Lily is a famous fresh cut flower in the world, and the annual sales amount of the lily exceeds 40 billion yuan, and the sales amount of the lily is second to that of modern China roses. In recent years, with the improvement of living standard of people, the quality requirement of people on lily is higher and higher, and the quality level of cut lily is uneven due to the restriction of factors such as cultivated land area, soil-borne diseases, continuous cropping obstacles and the like in the traditional ground planting mode, so that the requirement of people on high-quality fresh cut lily is difficult to meet.
The soilless culture can solve the problems of continuous cropping obstacle of soil and disease spread of soil, is not limited by natural conditions, has the advantages of water saving, fertilizer saving, labor saving and the like, enters an industrial production stage in the Wang Guo-Dutch of flowers, and adopts the traditional field culture mode in China. China, which is one of the main production areas of cut lily, cannot seize the high-end market of Europe and America due to the quality problem of the cut lily and can only export southeast Asia areas. Therefore, in order to improve the quality of the cut lily, a slot type soilless culture method of the cut lily is needed to be provided so as to meet the market demand until the cut lily enters the European and American high-end market.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a slot type soilless culture method for cut-flower lilies, which aims to solve the problems that the cut-flower lilies in China are low in quality and cannot occupy high-end markets abroad due to the defects of limited planting area, serious soil-borne diseases, continuous cropping obstacles and the like existing in the conventional ground culture mode.
The invention is completed by the following technical scheme: a slot type soilless culture method of cut-flower lily is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Preparing a culture medium: peat with the particle diameter of 10-30 mm is mixed with plant fibers according to the mass ratio of 10;
2) Facility preparation: in the light-transmitting greenhouse or the light-transmitting greenhouse, a plurality of cultivation grooves are installed as carriers, a water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation pipe is arranged above the cultivation grooves, the output end of the water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation pipe is provided with a valve, the input end of the water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation pipe is connected with a main infusion pipe, the main infusion pipe is respectively connected with a water pump of a water pool and a liquid pump of a fertilizer liquid pool through a tee joint, and the valve and the water pump are connected with a controller through leads;
3) And (3) determining the bulb rating of the lily: spreading the culture medium in the step 1) into the culture grooves in the step 2), selecting disease-free lily bulbs, putting the lily bulbs into a mixed solution of 500 times of carbendazim and 1000 times of zinc aluminum magnesium zinc phosphate for soaking and sterilizing for 8-12min before planting, taking out, planting the lily bulbs in the culture medium of the culture grooves, planting two rows in each culture groove, and controlling the plant spacing and the row spacing to be 8-12cm;
4) Managing water, fertilizer, temperature and illumination after the lily bulbs are subjected to value setting: dripping water in the morning, in the middle of and at night every day for 3-4min every time until the culture substrate is wet, dripping full water-soluble fertilizer liquid with the dilution ratio of 1-800-1000 every three days, controlling the environmental temperature to be 15-28 ℃ and the relative environmental humidity to be 70% -75%, shading by adopting a shading net with the light transmittance of 70% during the period from the planting of lily bulbs to the budding, removing the shading net after the budding, and irradiating by adopting natural light;
5) Disease control after lily seedball setting: after the lily seed balls are fixedly planted and in the bud emergence period, the following liquid medicines are sprayed for 1 time every week for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests: 800-1200 times of 40% pyrimethanil, 400-600 times of 80% mancozeb wettable powder, 400 times of 5% chlorothalonil wettable powder and 4000-6000 times of 1.8% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate, wherein the liquid medicines are sprayed simultaneously or not;
6) Harvesting: and (4) after the lily bulbs are planted for 70-110 days, and when the buds begin to color, harvesting to obtain lily cut flowers.
The plant fiber in the step 1) is a mixture of decomposed plant roots, stems, leaves and barks, and the mass ratio of the plant roots, stems, leaves and barks is arbitrary.
The cultivation groove of step 2) is the cuboid that the top was established uncovered, was established the cavity in, and this cuboid cross section is the trapezoidal of wide top, narrow bottom to be equipped with along the section that tank bottom one end extends to the other end and be the U-shaped recess in the cultivation inslot, the groove top of this recess is equipped with removable cover, is equipped with a plurality of wash ports on the removable cover, so that discharge unnecessary water into the recess through a plurality of wash ports on the apron, prevent that the root from rotting.
The drip irrigation pipe in the step 2) is a horizontal pipe, and a plurality of drip holes are uniformly arranged at the bottom of the horizontal pipe at intervals.
The controller of the step 2) is conventional equipment which is commercially available.
The field planting time of the lily bulbs in the step 3): can be planted in the field all the year round,
the circumference of the lily bulbs in the step 3) is 14-22cm.
The full water-soluble fertilizer of the step 4) contains macroelements N + P 2 O 5 +K 2 The sum of O is more than or equal to 50 percent, the mass ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium is 1The quantitative ratio is arbitrary.
The harvesting time of the step 6): cut lily flowers can be harvested all the year round.
The invention has the following advantages and effects: by adopting the scheme, the cultivation groove can be conveniently utilized to carry out soilless cultivation of the cut lily, the defects of serious soil spread diseases and continuous cropping obstacles existing in the existing soil cultivation are effectively overcome, measures such as cutting drip irrigation, water and fertilizer control, temperature and humidity control, light irradiation control, drug control and the like are matched, the cut lily quality is obviously improved, meanwhile, the limitation of cultivated land and time is avoided, annual production and annual harvesting are carried out, the cut lily yield is improved, land resources are saved, economic benefits are improved, the requirements of the market on cut lily are met, and reliable technical support is provided for the high-end market of China for lily in Europe and America.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a structure of a cultivation tank of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a real view of the soilless culture of cut flower lily of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the present invention more comprehensible, the technical solutions of the present invention are further described below with reference to specific embodiments, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1
1) Peat with the particle diameter of 10-30 mm is mixed with plant fibers according to the mass ratio of 10;
the plant fiber is a mixture of rotten plant roots, stems, leaves and barks, and the mass ratio of the plant roots, stems, leaves and barks is 1;
2) A plurality of cultivation grooves are installed in the light-transmitting greenhouse to serve as carriers, a water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation pipe is arranged above the cultivation grooves, an output end of the water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation pipe is provided with a valve, an input end of the water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation pipe is connected with a main infusion pipe, the main infusion pipe is respectively connected with a water pump of a water pool and a liquid pump of a fertilizer liquid pool through a tee joint, and the valve and the water pump are connected with a controller through leads;
the cultivation tank is a cuboid 1 with an opening at the top and a cavity 2 arranged in the cultivation tank, the cross section of the cuboid 1 is a trapezoid with wide top and narrow bottom, a groove 3 with a U-shaped section extending from one end of the bottom of the tank to the other end is arranged in the cultivation tank, the tank top of the groove 3 is provided with a movable cover plate 4, and the movable cover plate 4 is provided with a plurality of drain holes 5, so that redundant water can be drained into the groove 3 through the plurality of drain holes 5 on the movable cover plate 4, and the root part is prevented from being rotten;
the drip irrigation pipe is a horizontal pipe, and a plurality of drip holes are uniformly arranged at the bottom of the drip irrigation pipe at intervals;
3) Paving the culture medium in the step 1) into the culture tanks in the step 2), selecting OT lily 'carat Li Sha' seedballs with disease-free girth of 20-22cm, soaking and sterilizing in a mixed solution of 500 times of carbendazim and 1000 times of zinc aluminum phosphate manganese for 8min before planting, taking out, planting in the culture medium of the culture tanks, planting two rows in each culture tank, and controlling the plant spacing and the row spacing to be 8cm;
4) After the lily bulbs are rated, water is dripped in the morning, the noon and the evening every day for 3min every time until the culture substrate is wet, and the full-water-soluble fertilizer liquid with the dilution ratio of 1: agricultural fertilizer (2012) standard character (2232), wherein N + P 2 O 5 +K 2 O is more than or equal to 60.0 percent, and N is P 2 O 5 :K 2 20 percent of O =20 percent, 0.5 percent of Cu + Fe + Mn + Zn + B, and controlling the environmental temperature to be 15-20 ℃ and the relative environmental humidity to be 70-72 percent, wherein during the period from the planting of the lily bulbs to the budding, a sunshade net with the light transmittance of 70 percent is adopted for sunshade, and after the budding, the sunshade net is removed and natural light is adopted for illumination;
5) Spraying the following liquid medicines for preventing and treating diseases and insect pests 1 time per week after the lily seed balls are fixedly planted until budding appears: spraying 800 times of 40% pyrimethanil, 600 times of 80% mancozeb wettable powder, 400 times of 5% chlorothalonil wettable powder and 6000 times of 1.8% abamectin emulsifiable solution, and simultaneously spraying the liquid medicines;
6) And (4) after the lily bulbs are fixedly planted, 110d, coloring the buds, and harvesting to obtain the cut lily flowers.
Example 2
1) Peat with the particle diameter of 10-30 mm is mixed with plant fibers according to the mass ratio of 10;
the plant fiber is a mixture of rotten plant roots, stems, leaves and barks, and the mass ratio of the plant roots, stems, leaves and barks is 1;
2) A plurality of cultivation grooves are installed in the light-transmitting greenhouse and used as carriers, a water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation pipe is arranged above the cultivation grooves, the output end of the water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation pipe is provided with a valve, the input end of the water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation pipe is connected with a main infusion pipe, the main infusion pipe is respectively connected with a water pump of a water pool and a liquid pump of a fertilizer liquid pool through a tee joint, and the valve and the water pump are connected with a controller through leads;
the cultivation tank is a cuboid 1 with an opening at the top and a cavity 2 arranged in the cultivation tank, the cross section of the cuboid 1 is a trapezoid with wide top and narrow bottom, a groove 3 with a U-shaped section extending from one end of the bottom of the tank to the other end is arranged in the cultivation tank, the tank top of the groove 3 is provided with a movable cover plate 4, and the movable cover plate 4 is provided with a plurality of drain holes 5, so that redundant water can be drained into the groove 3 through the plurality of drain holes 5 on the movable cover plate 4, and the root part is prevented from being rotten;
the drip irrigation pipe is a horizontal pipe, and a plurality of drip holes are uniformly arranged at the bottom of the drip irrigation pipe at intervals;
3) Spreading the culture medium in the step 1) into the culture grooves in the step 2), selecting disease-free LA lily 'eye line' seed balls with the circumference diameter of 14-16cm, soaking and disinfecting in a mixed solution of 500 times of carbendazim and 1000 times of ethylphosphonium-aluminum-manganese-zinc for 10min before planting, taking out, planting in the culture medium of the culture grooves, planting two rows in each culture groove, and controlling the plant spacing and the row spacing to be 10cm;
4) After the lily bulbs are rated, water is dripped for 3min every morning, noon and evening, until the culture substrate is wet, water-soluble fertilizer with the dilution ratio of 1: agricultural fertilizer (2012) standard character (2232), N + P 2 O 5 +K 2 O≥60.0%, N:P 2 O 5 :K 2 O=20%:20%:20%, Cu+Fe+Mn+Zn+B3.0 percent; controlling the environmental temperature to be 25-28 ℃ and the relative environmental humidity to be 72-75%, shading by adopting a shading net with the light transmittance of 70% during the period from the planting of the lily bulbs to the budding, removing the shading net after the budding, and irradiating by adopting natural light;
5) Spraying the following liquid medicines for preventing and treating diseases and insect pests 1 time per week after the lily seed balls are fixedly planted until budding appears: 40% pyrimethanil 1000 times liquid, 80% mancozeb wettable powder 400 times liquid, 5% chlorothalonil wettable powder 400 times liquid, 1.8% abamectin emulsifiable 4000 times liquid, and the liquid medicines are sprayed in staggered time;
7) And (5) after the lily bulbs are fixedly planted, 76d, coloring the buds, and harvesting to obtain the cut lily flowers.
Example 3
1) Peat with the particle diameter of 10-30 mm is mixed with plant fibers according to the mass ratio of 10;
the plant fiber is a mixture of rotten plant roots, stems, leaves and barks, and the mass ratio of the plant roots, stems, leaves and barks is 1;
2) Installing a plurality of cultivation grooves as carriers in a light-transmitting greenhouse or a light-transmitting greenhouse, arranging a water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation pipe above the cultivation grooves, wherein the output end of the water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation pipe is provided with a valve, the input end of the water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation pipe is connected with a main infusion pipe, the main infusion pipe is respectively connected with a water pump of a water pool and a liquid pump of a fertilizer liquid pool through a tee joint, and the valve and the water pump are connected with a controller through leads;
the cultivation tank is a cuboid 1 with an opening at the top and a cavity 2 arranged in the cultivation tank, the cross section of the cuboid 1 is a trapezoid with wide top and narrow bottom, a groove 3 with a U-shaped section extending from one end of the bottom of the tank to the other end is arranged in the cultivation tank, the tank top of the groove 3 is provided with a movable cover plate 4, and the movable cover plate 4 is provided with a plurality of drain holes 5, so that redundant water can be drained into the groove 3 through the plurality of drain holes 5 on the movable cover plate 4, and the root part is prevented from being rotten;
the drip irrigation pipe is a horizontal pipe, and a plurality of drip holes are uniformly arranged at the bottom of the drip irrigation pipe at intervals;
3) Paving the culture medium in the step 1) into the culture grooves in the step 2), selecting OT lily 'wooden door' seedballs with disease-free girth of 20-22cm, soaking and disinfecting in a mixed solution of 500 times of carbendazim and 1000 times of zinc aluminum magnesium phosphate for 12min before planting, taking out, planting in the culture medium of the culture grooves, planting two rows in each culture groove, and controlling the plant spacing and the row spacing to be 12cm;
4) After the lily bulbs are set, carrying out drip irrigation once in the morning, in the middle and at night every day for 4min, taking out, planting in a culture medium of a culture groove, planting two rows in each culture groove, and controlling the plant spacing and the row spacing to be 8-12cm; every three days, drip irrigation is carried out on a full water-soluble fertilizer with the dilution ratio of 1 to 1000, wherein the full water-soluble fertilizer is a 'flower-free' full water-soluble fertilizer produced by Shanghai Yongtong company sold in the market, and the registration certificate number is as follows: agricultural fertilizer (2012) standard character (2232), N + P 2 O 5 +K 2 O≥60.0%, N:P 2 O 5 :K 2 20 percent of O =20 percent and 2.0 percent of Cu + Fe + Mn + Zn + B; controlling the environmental temperature to be 15-28 ℃ and the relative environmental humidity to be 70-75%, shading by adopting a shading net with the light transmittance of 70% during the period from the planting of the lily bulbs to the budding, removing the shading net after the budding, and irradiating by adopting natural light;
5) Spraying the following liquid medicines for preventing and treating diseases and insect pests 1 time per week after the lily seed balls are fixedly planted until budding appears: 40 percent pyrimethanil 1000-fold liquid, 80 percent mancozeb wettable powder 500-fold liquid, 5 percent bacteria toxin clearing wettable powder 400-fold liquid and 1.8 percent abamectin missible oil 5000-fold liquid, and the liquid medicines are sprayed separately in turn;
7) And (4) after the lily bulbs are fixedly planted, coloring the buds for 98d, and harvesting to obtain the cut lily flowers.
Comparative example 1
The difference between the comparative example 1 and the example 1 is that the soilless culture substrate adopts coconut chaff with the particle diameter of 10-20mm, and the rest parts are the same, so the description is omitted.
Comparative example 2
The comparison example 2 is different from the example 2 in that the full water-soluble fertilizer is a commercial Shanghai Yongtong full water-soluble fertilizer with no flowers, and the registration number is as follows: standard-shaped fertilizer (2012) (2232) N + P 2 O 5 +K 2 O≥50.0%，N:P 2 O 5 :K 2 20% of O =20%, 10% of Cu + Fe + Mn + Zn + B:0.5% -3.0%, the rest are the same, and are no longer neoplasticThe above-mentioned processes are described.
Comparative example 3
The comparison example 3 is different from the example 3 in that the period from the planting of the seed ball to the bud emergence is not shaded, and is irradiated by natural light, and the rest is the same, and the description is omitted.
And (3) comparative analysis:
the above examples and comparative examples each tested 50 seed bulbs, and after 70 days of planting, the plant height, stem thickness and bud length of lily were observed and recorded, and the results are shown in table 1.
Table 1 effect of non-treatment mode on lily quality.
The influence of different treatment methods including different culture mediums, water-soluble fertilizers and shading treatment on the plant height, the stem girth and the bud length of the cut lily is contrastively analyzed. The results show that: the plant height, the stem girth and the bud length of the treatment method are all superior to those of the treatment method of the comparative example.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (6)
1. A slot type soilless culture method of cut-flower lily is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Preparing a culture medium: peat with the particle diameter of 10-30 mm is mixed with plant fibers according to the mass ratio of 10;
2) Facility preparation: in the light-transmitting greenhouse or the light-transmitting greenhouse, a plurality of cultivation grooves are installed as carriers, a water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation pipe is arranged above the cultivation grooves, the output end of the water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation pipe is provided with a valve, the input end of the water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation pipe is connected with a main infusion pipe, the main infusion pipe is respectively connected with a water pump of a water pool and a liquid pump of a fertilizer liquid pool through a tee joint, and the valve and the water pump are connected with a controller through leads;
3) And (3) determining the lily bulb value: spreading the culture medium in the step 1) into the culture grooves in the step 2), selecting disease-free lily bulbs, putting the lily bulbs into a mixed solution of 500 times of carbendazim and 1000 times of zinc aluminum magnesium zinc phosphate for soaking and sterilizing for 8-12min before planting, taking out, planting the lily bulbs in the culture medium of the culture grooves, planting two rows in each culture groove, and controlling the plant spacing and the row spacing to be 8-12cm;
4) Managing water, fertilizer, temperature and illumination after the lily bulbs are subjected to value setting: dripping water in the morning, in the middle of and at night every day for 3-4min every time until the culture substrate is wet, dripping full water-soluble fertilizer liquid with the dilution ratio of 1-800-1000 every three days, controlling the environmental temperature to be 15-28 ℃ and the relative environmental humidity to be 70% -75%, shading by adopting a shading net with the light transmittance of 70% during the period from the planting of lily bulbs to the budding, removing the shading net after the budding, and irradiating by adopting natural light;
5) Disease control after lily seedball setting: spraying the following liquid medicines for preventing and treating diseases and insect pests 1 time per week after the lily seed balls are fixedly planted until budding appears: 800-1200 times of 40% pyrimethanil, 400-600 times of 80% mancozeb wettable powder, 400 times of 5% chlorothalonil wettable powder and 4000-6000 times of 1.8% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate, wherein the liquid medicines are sprayed simultaneously or not;
6) Harvesting: and (4) after the lily bulbs are fixedly planted for 70-110d, and when the buds begin to be colored, harvesting to obtain the cut lily flowers.
2. The slot type soilless culture method of lily with cut flowers as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plant fiber of step 1) is a mixture of rotten plant roots, stems, leaves, bark, and the mass ratio of the plant roots, stems, leaves, bark is arbitrary.
3. The slot type soilless culture method of lily with cut flowers as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cultivation slot of step 2) is a rectangular parallelepiped with an open top and a hollow interior, the cross section of the rectangular parallelepiped is a trapezoid with a wide top and a narrow bottom, and the cultivation slot is provided with a U-shaped groove extending from one end to the other end of the bottom of the slot, the top of the groove is provided with a movable cover plate, the movable cover plate is provided with a plurality of drainage holes, so that the excess water can be drained into the groove through the plurality of drainage holes on the cover plate to prevent the root from rotting.
4. The slot type soilless culture method of lily with cut flowers as claimed in claim 1, wherein the drip irrigation pipe in step 2) is a horizontal pipe, the bottom of which is provided with a plurality of drip holes uniformly and at intervals.
5. The slot soilless culture method of lily with cut flowers as claimed in claim 1, wherein the girth of the lily bulb in step 3) is 14-22cm.
6. The slot type soilless culture method of lily with cut flowers as claimed in claim 1, wherein the full water-soluble fertilizer of step 4) contains macroelements N + P 2 O 5 +K 2 The sum of O is more than or equal to 50 percent, the mass ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium is 1.
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