CN107455200B - Fig one-step garden-forming high-yield cultivation method based on hardwood cutting technology - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a hardwood cutting technology-based fig one-step garden-growing high-yield cultivation method which comprises branch treatment, soil preparation and cutting, shaping and pruning, fertilization management, water management and pest control. The invention solves the technical problem of transplanting the cutting beard of the existing hard branches, and has the advantages of fast garden building, low cost, early production and good benefit.

Description

Fig one-step garden-forming high-yield cultivation method based on hardwood cutting technology

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, can be used for fig production, and particularly relates to a one-step garden-growing high-yield cultivation method for figs based on a hardwood cutting technology.

Background

The fig belongs to subtropical deciduous shrubs or small trees of the genus fig of the family Moraceae. Because the plant diseases and insect pests are few in the fig cultivation process, pollution-free green production is easy to realize, the fig cultivation product is rich in nutrition, is rich in enzymes such as protease, lipase, amylase, oxidase and the like, has nourishing and health-care functions, and is known as 'conservation of human health in the 21 st century'.

In recent years, the demand of fig is increased, but the fruit production area is only 25 ten thousand acres, the demand of the market for fig seedlings is more and more large, but the seedlings of domestic fine varieties are in shortage, and two outstanding problems exist in the existing market: (1) the variety is good and inferior, the fresh fig food and the processed variety are obviously divided, the processed product is the problem of being the best of the fresh food variety, and the nursery stock of the processed variety is much cheaper; (2) the nursery stocks are good in order, the market of fig nursery stocks has no grading standard, the supply of the nursery stocks is not in demand, and both the sick insect seedlings and the weak seedlings are circulated in the market. In the early stage of fig industry, a high-yield cultivation method independent of commercial nursery stocks is urgently needed, and the enthusiasm and the production benefit of fig planting by fruit growers are improved. At present, the branch can be selected at a fixed point by a grower when pruning in winter through a hardwood cutting technology, so that the purity and the quality of the variety are ensured, and the problems can be well solved. However, the existing hardwood cutting technology needs to perform rooting cultivation through a seedbed and then transplant, so that the seedbed facility investment and the management investment before transplantation need to be increased, the cost is increased, and the production benefit is further influenced.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a one-step garden-forming high-yield cultivation method for figs based on a hardwood cutting technology, which aims at solving the technical problem that the existing hardwood cutting needs to be transplanted and has the advantages of fast garden building, low cost, early production and good benefit.

Therefore, the technical solution adopted by the invention is as follows:

a fig one-step garden-forming high-yield cultivation method based on a hardwood cutting technology comprises the following specific steps:

(1) branch treatment: selecting annual branches of well-developed figs at the beginning of 3 months, cutting the annual branches into cuttings with the length of 18-22 cm and 2-4 buds, horizontally cutting the upper ends of the cuttings 2cm away from the buds, cutting the lower ends of the cuttings into inclined planes of 45-50 degrees, sterilizing the cut cuttings by using 800 times of carbendazim solution for 2 hours, and treating the cuttings by using 500mg/L indolebutyric acid solution for 2 hours;

(2) land preparation and cuttage: planting two rows in each compartment with the width of 6 meters as one compartment in an orchard, wherein the distance is 3 meters, a side ditch and a sub ditch are required to be dug in each land, the width and the depth of the side ditch are both 40cm, the width and the depth of the sub ditch are both 30cm, turning the land of each compartment with a micro-cultivator before 7 days of cuttage, the depth is 20cm, thoroughly watering the cuttage row within 1 meter and covering the cuttage row with a black film with the width of 1 meter for standby, cuttage is carried out on the cuttings obtained in the step (1), the row spacing is 3 meters, the planting distance is 0.5 meter, and 444 cuttings obtained in the step (1) are planted in each mu;

(3) shaping and trimming: when the buds of the cutting strips in the step (2) grow to 18-22 cm, pinching, removing terminal buds, selecting and reserving one bud at each side in the vertical direction, erasing the rest to form side tips, when the side tips grow to 38-42 cm, pinching again, reserving two buds on each side tip, erasing the rest to form secondary side tips, after leaves fall in winter, reserving 20cm short sections for each secondary side tip, and removing all the rest branches;

(4) fertilization management: the method comprises the following steps of firstly, topdressing, namely topdressing in the current cuttage year is carried out thinly and applied frequently, topdressing is carried out for four times, the topdressing is carried out once respectively in the late 4 th day, the late 5 th day and the middle 7 th day, the water soluble fertilizer nitrogen phosphorus potassium is applied in a pouring way by 19-19-19 diluent with the dilution multiple of 1000 times, the dosage of 1Kg per mu and the dosage of 1.5Kg per mu in the middle 8 th day, before fruits are mature, the water soluble fertilizer nitrogen phosphorus potassium is applied in a pouring way by 12-12-30 diluent with the dilution multiple of 1000 times and the dosage of 1.5Kg per mu, secondly, base fertilizer is applied in the middle 12 th day, sheep manure and oil cake are applied per mu, ground is applied in the range of 1.2 meters in the row, and the soil is turned over deeply by micro;

(5) water content management: firstly, irrigating water, namely irrigating water for the first time when the buds of the cuttings in the step (2) are 18-22 cm long in the last ten days of 4 months, irrigating water for the first time from the last ten days of 7 months to the last ten days of 8 months for 4-5 times per week, and draining water, namely draining accumulated water from a side ditch and an auxiliary ditch in an orchard in time on the basis of the side ditch and the auxiliary ditch;

(6) disease and pest control: the pests of the figs are the longicorn and the weevil, the longicorn is prevented and controlled in two periods, firstly, the early evening of the middle ten days of the 7 th month starts to patrol the garden, adults are killed and manually cleaned, U-shaped egg laying holes in the trunk are cleaned, secondly, after all branches of the figs are cut off in winter, the trunk where the insect feces are found is prevented and controlled by injecting 20% alphamethrin diluent, the dilution multiple is 300 times, the weevil is prevented and controlled, and after the branches are trimmed in winter, the tree where the insect feces are found is prevented and controlled by root irrigation with 20% alphamethrin diluent, the dilution multiple is 300 times.

The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are that:

1. the method directly forms the garden in one step by using the hardwood cutting technology, reduces the seedling bed rooting and transplanting operations, thereby saving the facility investment and the labor cost and obtaining better economic benefit;

2. compared with the traditional seedling culture, the method increases the cuttage density of the figs, realizes the current-year production of the figs on the premise of ensuring the cuttage survival of the figs, has the advantages of quick garden building, low cost, early production and good production income, and can achieve the yield of 520 Kg-540 Kg per mu in the current year of garden building;

3. the soil preparation cuttage of the invention is beneficial to the ventilation and light transmission of the figs, the operation channel is arranged in the middle, the picking is convenient, the root system of the figs is vertically distributed with 15 cm-40 cm soil layers, and the waterlogging can be avoided;

4. according to the method, after the root system of the cutting grows stably, the water management is selected, the requirement for rapid growth of water in the later period of the forest can be met, the base part of the cutting is not rotted, in the late 7 th to late 8 th days, the summer tree leaves are watered every week, the transpiration amount is large in summer, the drought is easy to occur, and meanwhile, the influence of waterlogging on the growth and development of the figs can be avoided by draining water;

5. according to the invention, a large amount of buds begin to sprout in 15-20 days after cuttage, the germination rate is more than 93%, the cuttage lasts for 50-60 days, the production of cuttage seedlings reaches 20cm, the survival rate is more than 90%, a large amount of fruits are hung after cuttage for about 3 months, and the fruits begin to mature after cuttage for 6 months.

Drawings

FIG. 1 shows that 55 days after the hardwood cutting of the present invention, the cutting seedling grows to 20 cm.

FIG. 2 shows that 155 days after the hardwood cutting of the present invention, a large amount of fruit bearing is carried out on the cutting seedling.

FIG. 3 shows that the fruit begins to ripen 172 days after the hardwood cutting according to the present invention.

Fig. 4 shows that the winter pruning is completed and the current year yield is counted 263 days after the hardwood cutting of the present invention.

Detailed Description

To make the features and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following description is given with reference to specific embodiments.

Example 1:

implementation time: 2016.

(II) orchard implementation overview: the method is implemented in Shanyang city, Shi 37025Shi ancient town Siyuan village, is located at 104.02 degrees of east longitude, 31.09 degrees of north latitude, is smooth in land, has a total area of 3.3hm2, belongs to subtropical humid climate, and has an average annual temperature of 15.9 ℃, an average annual precipitation of 1100mm, an average annual frost-free period of 300 days, an annual activity temperature of 5750.6 ℃ and a total annual illumination of 1004.5 hours. The soil is sandy soil and thick, the content of organic matters is 0.73 percent, the content of hydrolysis nitrogen is 85.19mg/kg, the content of effective phosphorus is 31.98mg/kg, the content of quick-acting potassium is 152.93mg/kg, and the PH value is 6.2.

(III) carrying out variety: massy, pottery fen.

(IV) the implementation method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of branch treatment, soil preparation and cuttage, shaping and pruning, fertilization management, water management, pest control, implementation effect and the like.

(1) Branch treatment: and in 2016, 3 and 2 days, selecting fully developed Masiyi Toufen annual branches, cutting the branches into cuttings with 2-4 buds and about 20cm, horizontally cutting the upper ends of the cuttings about 2cm away from the buds, and cutting the lower ends of the cuttings into inclined planes of 45-50 degrees. And (3) sterilizing the cut cuttings for 2 hours by using 800 times of carbendazim solution, and treating the bases of the cuttings for 2 hours by using 500mg/L of indolebutyric acid solution.

(2) Land preparation and cuttage: the method is characterized in that compartments are opened at 6m, two rows are planted in each compartment, the spacing is 3m, side ditches and auxiliary ditches are opened in each land, and the specifications are that the width and the depth of each side ditch are 40cm, and the width and the depth of each auxiliary ditch are 30 cm. And (3) turning the soil 7 days before cuttage by using a micro-cultivator with the depth of 20cm, watering the cuttage row within 1m thoroughly, and covering the cuttage row with a black film with the width of 1m for later use. And on 3 days of 3 months in 2016, carrying out cuttage on the treated cuttings, wherein the row spacing is 3m, the plant spacing is 0.5m, and 444 cuttings are planted every 667m of 2.

(3) Shaping and trimming: and (3) the cutting seedlings grow to about 20cm, pinching is started, terminal buds are removed, one bud is selected and reserved on each side in the vertical direction in the row direction for growing, and the rest buds are erased. When the side tips grow to 40cm, pinching again, leaving two buds on each side tip, and erasing the rest. After the leaves fall in winter, the secondary lateral tips are respectively reserved with about 20cm heavy sections. And dredging and removing the rest branches.

(4) Fertilization management: the first is topdressing, which is carried out once in the late 4 th month, late 5 th month and middle 7 th month respectively, and 1000 times of water soluble fertilizer is applied by irrigation, and the dosage of each 667m2 is 1 kg. In 8 middle of the month, before the fruit ripens, 1000 times of water soluble fertilizer (nitrogen 12, phosphorus 12 and potassium 30) is applied in a liquid irrigation mode, and the dosage of each 667m2 is 1.5 kg. Second, base fertilizer is applied in 12 middle of the month. 1000 jin of sheep manure and 200 jin of oil cake are applied to every 667m2, the ground is broadcast within the range of 1.2m between rows, and then the deep ploughing is carried out by a micro-cultivator.

(5) Water content management: firstly, irrigating water, namely irrigating water for the first time when the young sprout grows to about 20cm in late 4 months; from late 7 to late 8 months, branches and leaves in summer have large transpiration amount and are easy to dry, and water is generally irrigated once in 7 days for 4 to 5 times. And secondly, draining, namely draining accumulated water in the orchard in time during continuous rainy days on the basis of reasonably arranging a drainage system during orchard establishment.

(6) And (3) pest control: the fig has less diseases and mainly comprises two insect pests of the longicorn and the weevil. The control of longhorn beetles is divided into two periods: firstly, in the middle ten days of 7 months, beginning to patrol the garden at evening, artificially killing adults and manually cleaning the U-shaped spawning holes on the trunk; secondly, after the fig branches are completely cut off in winter, the trunk in which the insect feces are found is injected with 20 percent fenpropathrin 300 times solution for prevention and treatment. And (3) preventing and treating weevils: after pruning in winter, the trees which find the insect manure are irrigated with 300 times of 20 percent fenpropathrin solution for preventing and treating.

(7) The implementation effect is as follows: a large number of cuttings germinate 15 days (17 days in 3 months) after cuttage, and the germination rate is 95%; 55 days after cuttage (26 days in 4 months), the cuttage seedlings grow to 20cm, and the survival rate is 91%; 115 days (25 days in 6 months) after cuttage, a great amount of fruits are hung on the cuttage seedlings; the fruit begins to ripen 172 days after cuttage (8 months and 21 days); beginning to fall leaves in 29 days in 10 months, and counting the annual yield, wherein the average yield per mu of land is about 542 kg; and (5) finishing winter pruning after 11 months and 20 days.

Example 2:

implementation time: 2016.

(II) orchard implementation overview: the method is implemented in Town Fengcun of a new shop in Wenyuan county, Nei river, China, and is characterized in that the Town is 104.25 degrees, the northern latitude is 29.32 degrees, the land is smooth, the total area is 2.1hm2, the method belongs to subtropical monsoon warm and humid climate, the average annual temperature is 17.8 ℃, the average annual precipitation is 1000mm, the average annual frost period is 329 days, the annual activity temperature is 5598 ℃, and the total annual illumination is 1100 hours. The soil is loam and deep, the content of organic matters is 1.3%, the content of hydrolysis nitrogen is 93.26mg/kg, the content of available phosphorus is 12.11mg/kg, the content of quick-acting potassium is 172.38mg/kg, and the pH value is 7.1.

(III) carrying out variety: massy, pottery fen.

(IV) the implementation method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of branch treatment, soil preparation and cuttage, shaping and pruning, fertilization management, water management, pest control, implementation effect and the like.

(1) Branch treatment: and in 2016, 3 and 2 days, selecting fully developed Masiyi Toufen annual branches, cutting the branches into cuttings with 2-4 buds and about 20cm, horizontally cutting the upper ends of the cuttings about 2cm away from the buds, and cutting the lower ends of the cuttings into inclined planes of 45-50 degrees. And (3) sterilizing the cut cuttings for 2 hours by using 800 times of carbendazim solution, and treating the bases of the cuttings for 2 hours by using 500mg/L of indolebutyric acid solution.

(2) Land preparation and cuttage: the method is characterized in that compartments are opened at 6m, two rows are planted in each compartment, the spacing is 3m, side ditches and auxiliary ditches are opened in each land, and the specifications are that the width and the depth of each side ditch are 40cm, and the width and the depth of each auxiliary ditch are 30 cm. And (3) turning the soil 7 days before cuttage by using a micro-cultivator with the depth of 20cm, watering the cuttage row within 1m thoroughly, and covering the cuttage row with a black film with the width of 1m for later use. And on 6 days 3 months in 2016, carrying out cuttage on the treated cuttings, wherein the row spacing is 3m, the plant spacing is 0.5m, and 444 cuttings are planted every 667m 2.

(3) Shaping and trimming: and (3) the cutting seedlings grow to about 20cm, pinching is started, terminal buds are removed, one bud is selected and reserved on each side in the vertical direction in the row direction for growing, and the rest buds are erased. When the side tips grow to 40cm, pinching again, leaving two buds on each side tip, and erasing the rest. After the leaves fall in winter, the secondary lateral tips are respectively reserved with about 20cm heavy sections. And dredging and removing the rest branches.

(4) Fertilization management: the first is topdressing, which is carried out once in the late 4 th month, late 5 th month and middle 7 th month respectively, and 1000 times of water soluble fertilizer is applied by irrigation, and the dosage of each 667m2 is 1 kg. In 8 middle of the month, before the fruit ripens, 1000 times of water soluble fertilizer (nitrogen 12, phosphorus 12 and potassium 30) is applied in a liquid irrigation mode, and the dosage of each 667m2 is 1.5 kg. Second, base fertilizer is applied in 12 middle of the month. 1000 jin of sheep manure and 200 jin of oil cake are applied to every 667m2, the ground is broadcast within the range of 1.2m between rows, and then the deep ploughing is carried out by a micro-cultivator.

(5) Water content management: firstly, irrigating water, namely irrigating water for the first time when the young sprout grows to about 20cm in late 4 months; from late 7 to late 8 months, branches and leaves in summer have large transpiration amount and are easy to dry, and water is generally irrigated once in 7 days for 4 to 5 times. And secondly, draining, namely draining accumulated water in the orchard in time during continuous rainy days on the basis of reasonably arranging a drainage system during orchard establishment.

(6) And (3) pest control: the fig has less diseases and mainly comprises two insect pests of the longicorn and the weevil. The control of longhorn beetles is divided into two periods: firstly, in the middle ten days of 7 months, beginning to patrol the garden at evening, artificially killing adults and manually cleaning the U-shaped spawning holes on the trunk; secondly, after the fig branches are completely cut off in winter, the trunk in which the insect feces are found is injected with 20 percent fenpropathrin 300 times solution for prevention and treatment. And (3) preventing and treating weevils: after pruning in winter, the trees which find the insect manure are irrigated with 300 times of 20 percent fenpropathrin solution for preventing and treating.

(7) The implementation effect is as follows: a large number of cuttings germinate 17 days (23 days in 3 months) after cuttage, and the germination rate is 93%; 56 days after cuttage (30 days in 4 months), the cuttage seedlings grow to 20cm, and the survival rate is 90%; after 114 days (27 days in 6 months), a great amount of fruits are hung on the cutting seedlings; 170 days after cuttage (22 days 8 months), the fruit begins to mature; beginning to fall leaves in 11 months and 4 days, counting the annual yield, and averagely, the yield per mu of land is about 526 kg; and (7) finishing winter pruning in 11 months and 26 days.

In addition to the above embodiments, the present invention may have other embodiments, which are not limited to one example, and mainly relate to branch treatment, soil preparation and cutting, pruning, fertilization management, water management, pest control, and the like. All the technical solutions formed by adopting equivalent substitutions or equivalent transformations fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. A fig one-step garden-forming high-yield cultivation method based on a hardwood cutting technology is characterized by comprising the following steps: the specific steps are as follows,

(1) Selecting annual branches of well-developed figs at the beginning of 3 months, cutting the annual branches into 18cm ~ 22cm cuttings with 2 ~ 4 buds, horizontally cutting the upper ends of the cuttings 2cm away from the buds, cutting the lower ends of the cuttings into 45-degree ~ 50-degree inclined planes, sterilizing the cut cuttings with 800 times of carbendazim solution for 2 hours, and treating the cuttings with 500mg/L indolebutyric acid solution for 2 hours;

(2) land preparation and cuttage: planting two rows in each compartment with the width of 6 meters as one compartment in an orchard, wherein the distance is 3 meters, a side ditch and a sub ditch are required to be dug in each land, the width and the depth of the side ditch are both 40cm, the width and the depth of the sub ditch are both 30cm, turning the land of each compartment with a micro-cultivator before 7 days of cuttage, the depth is 20cm, thoroughly watering the cuttage row within 1 meter and covering the cuttage row with a black film with the width of 1 meter for standby, cuttage is carried out on the cuttings obtained in the step (1), the row spacing is 3 meters, the planting distance is 0.5 meter, and 444 cuttings obtained in the step (1) are planted in each mu;

(3) shaping and pruning, namely, when the buds of the cutting slips in the step (2) grow to 18cm ~ 22cm, pinching, removing terminal buds, selecting and reserving one bud to grow on both sides in the vertical direction in the row direction, erasing the rest to form side tips, when the side tips grow to 38cm ~ 42cm, pinching again, reserving two buds on each side tip, erasing the rest to form secondary side tips, after leaves fall in winter, reserving 20cm short sections on each secondary side tip, and completely thinning and removing the rest branches;

(4) fertilization management: the method comprises the following steps of firstly, topdressing, namely topdressing in the current cuttage year is carried out thinly and applied frequently, topdressing is carried out for four times, the topdressing is carried out once respectively in the late 4 th day, the late 5 th day and the middle 7 th day, the water soluble fertilizer nitrogen phosphorus potassium is applied in a pouring way by 19-19-19 diluent with the dilution multiple of 1000 times, the dosage of 1Kg per mu and the dosage of 1.5Kg per mu in the middle 8 th day, before fruits are mature, the water soluble fertilizer nitrogen phosphorus potassium is applied in a pouring way by 12-12-30 diluent with the dilution multiple of 1000 times and the dosage of 1.5Kg per mu, secondly, base fertilizer is applied in the middle 12 th day, sheep manure and oil cake are applied per mu, ground is applied in the range of 1.2 meters in the row, and the soil is turned over deeply by micro;

(5) water is poured, the first water pouring is carried out when the bud of the cutting in the step (2) is 18cm ~ 22cm long in the last ten days of 4 months, the water pouring is carried out once per week from the last ten days of 7 months to the last ten days of 8 months for 4 ~ 5 times, and the second water draining is carried out, and accumulated water is drained from the side ditches and the side ditches in the orchard in time on the basis of the side ditches and the side ditches in continuous rainy days;

(6) disease and pest control: the pests of the figs are the longicorn and the weevil, the longicorn is prevented and controlled in two periods, firstly, the early evening of the middle ten days of the 7 th month starts to patrol the garden, adults are killed and manually cleaned, U-shaped egg laying holes in the trunk are cleaned, secondly, after all branches of the figs are cut off in winter, the trunk where the insect feces are found is prevented and controlled by injecting 20% alphamethrin diluent, the dilution multiple is 300 times, the weevil is prevented and controlled, and after the branches are trimmed in winter, the tree where the insect feces are found is prevented and controlled by root irrigation with 20% alphamethrin diluent, the dilution multiple is 300 times.

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