CN110521413B - Persimmon plant twig cutting seedling method - Google Patents
Persimmon plant twig cutting seedling method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
The invention discloses a persimmon twig cutting seedling method, which comprises the following steps: (1) preparing branches; (2) preparing a seedbed; (3) cutting; (4) daily management; (5) and (5) transplanting the seedlings. The cuttage matrix in the application can inhibit the activity of tannin. Meanwhile, the branches are treated by alkaline lysis solution, soaking solution and nutrient solution, so that the single-row activity can be inhibited, and the survival rate of persimmon tree cuttage is improved. The survival rate of persimmon tree cuttage can reach more than 82% by spraying a cracking solution on branches before cuttage, soaking the branches in a soaking solution, and treating the branches by adopting a nutrient solution after cuttage.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cutting seedling. In particular to a persimmon twig cutting seedling method.
Background
The persimmon plants are widely distributed in the south of great wall in China, have the characteristics of strong stress resistance and strong adaptability, and are not only important ornamental tree species in gardens, but also traditionally important economic tree species in China. Modern researches show that the persimmons not only have edible value and are called iron-stalk crops, but also have unique medical care value and important economic value, are economic forest tree species which are mainly supported by national forestry and grassland bureau, and are ecological abundant tree species which integrate the first industry, the second industry and the third industry.
In production, grafting is a main mode for breeding fruit tree seedlings, and the affinity of the stock and ear combination is the key to success or failure of grafting and breeding of fruit trees. The persimmon has a market price as high as 50 yuan/kg-1The sweet persimmon has strict requirements on the rootstock, and has incompatibility phenomenon with the rootstock tree species (such as the monarch lotus and the oil persimmon) commonly used for persimmon tree grafting, which restricts the industrial development. The cutting propagation has the characteristics of high efficiency, low cost, capability of keeping excellent characters of the rootstocks and the like, and is an important method for the commercial production of woody plants. However, the cutting propagation is greatly influenced by the characteristics of tree species and cutting conditions, the persimmon tree is one of the tree species which are difficult to root by cutting, and the large-scale cutting success of the persimmon plant twig is not reported at present.
The persimmon propagation mode comprises seed propagation, grafting, cuttage and the like. Since the progeny of seed propagation is prone to change, asexual propagation is generally used to maintain the excellent characteristics of persimmon varieties.
At present, the most common propagation mode of persimmon trees is grafting, but proper stocks need to be selected, cuts of the stocks and scions need to be controlled, and the stocks and the scions need to be fixed in a fixing mode, and operation can be carried out by experienced personnel. Although persimmon trees can be bred by cutting, the survival rate is low because the branches of the persimmon trees are difficult to root. Even if attempts are made, robust shoots need to be selected. And robust branches are adopted, so that the growth of the existing persimmon trees is influenced, the robust branches are limited, the number of branches used for cuttage is limited, and the persimmon trees are not suitable for large-scale cuttage seedling culture. In the prior art, a yellowing treatment method is adopted, so that chlorophyll disappears, tissues are yellowed, cortex is thickened, parenchyma cells are increased, rooting and survival are facilitated, but the treatment time is long, one month is needed, and the yellowing treatment needs to treat each cutting branch and is not beneficial to large-scale cutting.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a persimmon twig cutting seedling method which can be used for twig cutting and has high survival rate.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a persimmon twig cutting seedling method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing branches;
(2) preparing a seedbed;
(3) cutting;
(4) daily management;
(5) and (5) transplanting the seedlings.
The persimmon twig cutting seedling method comprises the following steps of (1):
(1-1) selecting branches: selecting the annual internal branches of the persimmon plants from the first ten days of 5 months to the last ten days of 7 months;
(1-2) pretreatment of pruning: spraying a lysis solution to branches to be used for cuttage once every 2 days from half a month before cuttage;
(1-3) pruning treatment: the length of the branch is 10-15cm, oblique shearing is carried out at a position 1cm away from a leaf bud at the base part, flat shearing is carried out at a position 1cm away from the leaf bud at the top part, and 1-2 half leaves are required to be reserved;
(1-4) treatment of the branches before insertion: and soaking the branches in a soaking solution before cuttage.
In the above method for raising persimmon twig by cutting, in the step (1-2), the lysis solution is composed of the following components: potassium indolebutyrate, potassium naphthylacetate, brassinolide, citric acid and potassium dihydrogen phosphate; the concentration of the potassium indolebutyrate salt is 100mg/mL, the concentration of the potassium naphthylacetate salt is 100mg/mL, the concentration of the brassinolide is 0.01mg/mL, the mass fraction of the citric acid is 0.02 per thousand, and the mass fraction of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 0.01 per thousand.
In the persimmon twig cutting seedling method, in the step (1-4), the soaking solution consists of the following components: potassium indolebutyrate, potassium naphthylacetate, brassinolide, citric acid and sucrose; the concentration of the potassium indolebutyrate is 100mg/mL, the concentration of the potassium naphthylacetate is 100mg/mL, the concentration of the brassinolide is 0.01mg/mL, the mass fraction of the citric acid is 0.02 per thousand, and the mass fraction of the sucrose is 0.1%; the soaking time of the branches is 24h, and the soaking solution is replaced every 6 h.
The persimmon twig cutting seedling method comprises the following steps of (2): the width of the seedbed is 1.2m, the depth of the seedbed is 30cm, and a cuttage matrix is filled in the seedbed.
The persimmon twig cutting seedling method comprises the following steps of (2): and (3) sterilizing the cutting matrix by adopting 500 times of carbendazim solution before cutting.
The persimmon twig cutting seedling method comprises the following steps of (3):
(3-1) dipping the branches in hormone liquid for 30s during cuttage; the hormone solution consists of the following components: indolebutyric acid, naphthylacetic acid, and brassinolide; the concentration of indolebutyric acid is 100mg/mL, the concentration of naphthylacetic acid is 100mg/mL, and the concentration of brassinolide is 0.01 mg/mL;
(3-2) 2/3 the cutting depth is the branch;
(3-3) cuttage needs to be carried out in the evening, nutrient solution is sprayed on the leaf surfaces immediately after cuttage is finished, and the seedbed does not need to be watered.
The persimmon twig cutting seedling method comprises the following steps of (4):
(4-1) the seedling bed is watered thoroughly in the morning of the next day of cuttage;
(4-2) keeping the humidity of the cuttage greenhouse to be more than or equal to 80% and the temperature to be 20-33 ℃;
(4-3) spraying nutrient solution with carbendazim concentration of 800 times to wet leaf surfaces and seedbeds every 5 days.
According to the persimmon twig cutting seedling method, the nutrient solution in the step (3) or the step (4) consists of the following components: potassium indolebutyrate, potassium naphthylacetate, brassinolide, citric acid, sucrose and potassium dihydrogen phosphate; the concentration of the potassium indolebutyrate salt is 100mg/mL, the concentration of the potassium naphthylacetate salt is 100mg/mL, the concentration of the brassinolide is 0.01mg/mL, the mass fraction of the citric acid is 0.02 per thousand, the mass fraction of the sucrose is 0.1 percent, and the mass fraction of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 0.01 per thousand.
In the above method for raising persimmon twig by cutting, in the step (5), when the height of the nursery stock reaches 25cm or more, transplanting can be carried out; the transplanting is divided into two steps of sun-shading seedling hardening and field transplanting:
sun shading, hardening off seedlings for more than or equal to 15 days, and then selecting continuous cloudy days to carry out field transplantation to the field; the transplanting is carried out while watering, and after the transplanting, watering is carried out once every 5 days.
The technical scheme of the invention achieves the following beneficial technical effects:
the activity of tannin can be inhibited by adopting plant ash and fermented sawdust as substrates in the application. Meanwhile, the branches are treated by alkaline lysis solution, soaking solution and nutrient solution, so that the single-row activity can be inhibited, and the survival rate of persimmon tree cuttage is improved. The method comprises the steps of spraying a cracking solution on branches before cuttage, soaking the branches in the soaking solution, and treating the branches after the cuttage by using a nutrient solution, so that the survival rate of the cuttage can reach over 82% (a statistical value of 75 days after the cuttage, at the moment, the branches become seedlings).
Drawings
Fig. 1 is the 5 month cuttage trial in example 1: a sample 20 days after persimmon tree twig cutting rooting;
fig. 2 is the 6 month cuttage trial in example 1: a sample 20 days after persimmon tree twig cutting rooting;
fig. 3 is the 7 month cuttage trial in example 1: a sample 20 days after persimmon tree twig cutting rooting;
FIG. 4 shows a sample of persimmon tree in example 1 after 100 days of shoot cuttage.
Detailed Description
The persimmon twig cutting seedling method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing branches;
(1-1) selecting branches: the inner branches of the annual persimmon plants from 5 to 7 ten days of the month;
(1-2) pretreatment of pruning: spraying a lysis solution to branches to be used for cuttage once every 2 days from half a month before cuttage;
the lysis solution consists of the following components: potassium indolebutyrate, potassium naphthylacetate, brassinolide, citric acid and potassium dihydrogen phosphate; the concentration of the potassium indolebutyrate salt is 100mg/mL, the concentration of the potassium naphthylacetate salt is 100mg/mL, the concentration of the brassinolide is 0.01mg/mL, the mass fraction of the citric acid is 0.02 per thousand, and the mass fraction of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 0.01 per thousand.
(1-3) pruning treatment: the length of the branch is 10-15cm, oblique shearing is carried out at a position 1cm away from leaf buds at the base part, flat shearing is carried out at a position 1cm away from leaf buds at the top part, and 1-2 half leaves are required to be reserved;
(1-4) treatment of the branches before insertion: soaking the branches in a soaking solution for soaking treatment before cuttage;
the soaking solution consists of the following components: potassium indolebutyrate, potassium naphthylacetate, brassinolide, citric acid and sucrose; the concentration of the potassium indolebutyrate salt is 100mg/mL, the concentration of the potassium naphthylacetate salt is 100mg/mL, the concentration of the brassinolide is 0.01mg/mL, the mass fraction of the citric acid is 0.02 per mill, and the mass fraction of the sucrose is 0.1%; the soaking time of the branches is 24h, and the soaking solution is replaced every 6 h.
(2) Preparing a seedbed; the width of the seedling bed is 1.2m, the depth of the seedling bed is 30cm, a cuttage matrix is filled in the seedling bed, and 500 times of carbendazim (1 g of carbendazim is added in every 500mL of water) is adopted to sterilize the cuttage matrix before cuttage. Carbendazim is a commercially available product, Guoguang carbendazim and wettable powder, the content of effective components is 50%, the carbendazim is produced by Sichuan Guoguang agrichemical GmbH, and the product standard number is as follows: HG3290-2000, pesticide registration certificate number: PD85150-35, pesticide production license number: XK 13-003-.
The preparation method of the cutting medium comprises the following steps:
(A-1) preparation of a pulverized product;
(A-1-1) spraying 500 times of carbendazim solution (1 g of carbendazim is added into 500mL of water) to wet the whole tree one week before the tree leaves fall;
(A-1-2) collecting the withered leaves and trimmed branches withered and trimmed in the step (A-1-1), pulverizing the withered leaves and trimmed branches and soybean straws of the current year by using a pulverizer, and sieving the pulverized leaves and trimmed branches by using a 200-mesh sieve to obtain a pulverized material; the mass ratio of the sum of the mass of the withered leaves and the mass of the pruned branches to the mass of the straws of the leguminous crops in the current year is 100: 1.
(A-2) preparing tree root water; boiling water by using the root of the cuttage target tree, wherein the mass ratio of the root to the water is 1:20, boiling the tree roots with water for 7 hours; filtering the tree root, and cooling the filtrate to obtain the tree root water.
Cutting the root of the target tree: namely, the persimmon tree root is boiled when the persimmon tree is cut, the walnut tree root is boiled when the walnut tree is cut, the hazel tree root is boiled when the hazel tree is cut, and the mulberry tree root is boiled when the mulberry tree is cut.
(A-3) preparing a substrate humidity control solution; the tree root water is used as a solvent, and citric acid, potassium permanganate and carbendazim are used as solutes to prepare the substrate humidity control solution. In the substrate humidity control liquid: the mass fraction of the citric acid is 1 percent, the mass fraction of the potassium permanganate is 1 per mill, and the carbendazim is 1000 times liquid (namely, 1g of the carbendazim is added into every 1000mL of tree root water). Carbendazim is a commercially available product, Guoguang carbendazim and wettable powder, the content of active ingredients is 50%, the carbendazim is produced by Sichuan Guoguang agrichemical chemical Co., Ltd, and the product standard number is as follows: HG3290-2000, pesticide registration certificate number: PD85150-35, pesticide production license number: XK 13-003-.
(A-4) preparing a cutting substrate to be fermented;
(A-4-1) spraying the ground material prepared in the step (A-1) with the substrate humidity-controlling liquid prepared in the step (A-3), wherein the humidity is that of the ground material grasped by hands: hands wet but not drip;
(A-4-2) uniformly stirring and turning the crushed substances, a humic acid fermenting agent, urea, a trace element compound fertilizer, yellow core soil and fine sand, and spraying a humidity control liquid again during mixing to obtain a cuttage substrate to be fermented; the substrate becomes black brown at this time; humidity is the crushed material held by hand: hands wet but do not drip. The humic acid leavening agent is a product sold in the market, RW (straw type) rotten promoting agent produced by Redbuian biotechnology development Limited company in the Heqian city, and microbial fertilizer (2010) No. 0662.
The mass ratio of the humic acid leavening agent to the urea to the trace element compound fertilizer to the yellow core soil to the fine sand to the crushed material is as follows: 5:5:1:20:1:1000. The microelement compound fertilizer is a commercial product, produced by the Switzerland Ciba chemical (China) Limited company (eight King, Omeioumile brand), and has the main technical indexes: the content of chelated calcium is 12%, the content of magnesium oxide is 5%, the content of silicon dioxide is 5%, the content of nitrate nitrogen is 12%, the content of boron is 2%, the content of chelated zinc is 3%, the content of chelated iron is 4%, the content of chelated copper is 0.5%, the content of chelated manganese is 0.2%, and the content of molybdenum is 0.001%.
(A-5) fermenting the cutting medium.
Stacking the cuttage substrate to be fermented into a fermentation pile with the height less than or equal to 1.8m, the width less than or equal to 2.0m and the length capable of being controlled by a user, and fermenting to obtain the cuttage substrate after the fermentation is finished; the fermentation temperature is more than or equal to 15 ℃ and less than or equal to 70 ℃. In the cutting process, the effect of fermentation at the temperature lower than 15 ℃ is not good, so the fermentation is required to be carried out in a greenhouse in winter. Less than or equal to 7 days in summer and less than or equal to 15 days in winter. In the fermentation process, the fermentation pile is turned over once every two days in summer and once every four days in winter, which is equivalent to supplying oxygen to the fermentation pile.
(3) Cutting;
(3-1) dipping the branches in hormone liquid for 30s during cuttage; the hormone solution consists of the following components: indolebutyric acid, naphthylacetic acid, and brassinolide; the concentration of indolebutyric acid is 100mg/mL, the concentration of naphthylacetic acid is 100mg/mL, and the concentration of brassinolide is 0.01 mg/mL;
(3-2) 2/3 the cutting depth is the branch;
(3-3) cuttage needs to be carried out in the evening, nutrient solution is sprayed on the leaf surfaces immediately after cuttage is finished, but water is not needed for sprinkling on a seedbed. Nutrient solution is sprayed immediately after cuttage is finished, but watering cannot be carried out because the nutrient solution not only preserves moisture, but also can promote leaves to absorb nutrient substances, hormones and the like in the nutrient solution; once the nutrient solution is poured, the nutrient solution which is just sprayed is poured; in the evening, the leaves are sprayed with the nutrient solution to keep moisture sufficiently, so that the seedbed is watered thoroughly the next morning.
(4) Daily management;
(4-1) the seedling bed is watered thoroughly in the morning of the next day of cuttage;
(4-2) keeping the humidity of the cuttage greenhouse to be more than or equal to 80% and the temperature to be 20-33 ℃;
(4-3) spraying nutrient solution with carbendazim concentration of 800 times (1 g of carbendazim is added in per 800mL of nutrient solution) on leaf surfaces and a seedbed every 5 days. Carbendazim is a commercially available product, Guoguang carbendazim and a wettable powder, the content of active ingredients is 50 percent, the carbendazim is produced by Sichuan Guoguang agrichemical GmbH, and the product standard number is as follows: HG3290-2000, pesticide registration certificate number: PD85150-35, pesticide production license number: XK 13-003-.
The nutrient solution in steps (3) and (4) consists of the following components: potassium indolebutyrate, potassium naphthylacetate, brassinolide, citric acid, sucrose and potassium dihydrogen phosphate; the concentration of the potassium indolebutyrate salt is 100mg/mL, the concentration of the potassium naphthylacetate salt is 100mg/mL, the concentration of the brassinolide is 0.01mg/mL, the mass fraction of the citric acid is 0.02 per thousand, the mass fraction of the sucrose is 0.1 per thousand, and the mass fraction of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 0.01 per thousand.
The results of the cutting tests are shown in tables 1 and 2:
table 16 cuttage test results on 5 days of month
Table 27 cuttage test results on 5 days of month
Note: the matrix of comparative example 1 was peatmoss: perlite: vermiculite is 3:1:1 (mass ratio), and the rest conditions are the same as the invention. The matrix of comparative example 2 was peatmoss: loess: river sand is 3:1:1 (mass ratio), and the rest conditions are the same as the invention. As can be seen from tables 1 and 2: for persimmon trees which are difficult to be cut, the rooting rate, the days needed for rooting, the average root number after 10 days of rooting and the average root length after 10 days of rooting are obviously improved by using the cutting method and the cutting substrate.
(5) Transplanting the seedlings: when the height of the nursery stock reaches 25cm or more, transplanting can be carried out; transplanting is divided into two steps of sun-shading seedling hardening and field transplanting:
sun shading, hardening off seedlings for more than or equal to 15 days, and then selecting continuous cloudy days to carry out field transplantation to the field; transplanting and watering are required to be carried out at the same time, and after transplanting, watering is carried out once every 5 days and can be adjusted according to weather conditions and site conditions.
Researches show that the content of tannin in the persimmon trees is high, the survival rate of cuttage of the persimmon trees is influenced to a certain degree, and the cuttage matrix adopted in the application can inhibit the activity of the tannin. Meanwhile, the branches are treated by alkaline lysis solution, soaking solution and nutrient solution, so that the activity of tannin can be inhibited, and the survival rate of persimmon tree cuttage is improved. The survival rate of persimmon tree cuttage can reach more than 82% (the statistical value of 75 days after cuttage, at this time, seedlings are formed) by spraying a cracking solution on branches before cuttage, soaking in a soaking solution and treating with a nutrient solution after cuttage.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications are possible which remain within the protective scope of the claims of the patent.
Claims (4)
1. A persimmon twig cutting seedling method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing branches;
(1-1) selecting branches: selecting the current-year-old inner bore branches of the persimmon plants from the first ten days of 5 months to the last ten days of 7 months;
(1-2) pretreatment of pruning: spraying a lysis solution to branches to be used for cuttage once every 2 days from half a month before cuttage;
(1-3) pruning treatment: the length of the branch is 10-15cm, oblique shearing is carried out at a position 1cm away from a leaf bud at the base part, flat shearing is carried out at a position 1cm away from the leaf bud at the top part, and 1-2 half leaves are required to be reserved;
(1-4) treatment of the branches before insertion: soaking the branches in a soaking solution for soaking treatment before cuttage; the lysis solution consists of the following components: potassium indolebutyrate, potassium naphthylacetate, brassinolide, citric acid and potassium dihydrogen phosphate; the concentration of the potassium indolebutyrate salt is 100mg/mL, the concentration of the potassium naphthylacetate salt is 100mg/mL, the concentration of the brassinolide is 0.01mg/mL, the mass fraction of the citric acid is 0.02 per thousand, and the mass fraction of the monopotassium phosphate is 0.01 per thousand; the soaking solution consists of the following components: potassium indolebutyrate, potassium naphthylacetate, brassinolide, citric acid and sucrose; the concentration of the potassium indolebutyrate salt is 100mg/mL, the concentration of the potassium naphthylacetate salt is 100mg/mL, the concentration of the brassinolide is 0.01mg/mL, the mass fraction of the citric acid is 0.02 per mill, and the mass fraction of the sucrose is 0.1%; the soaking time of the branches is 24 hours, and the soaking solution is replaced every 6 hours;
(2) preparing a seedbed;
(3) cutting;
(3-1) dipping the branches in hormone liquid for 30s during cuttage; the hormone solution consists of the following components: indolebutyric acid, naphthylacetic acid, and brassinolide; the concentration of indolebutyric acid is 100mg/mL, the concentration of naphthylacetic acid is 100mg/mL, and the concentration of brassinolide is 0.01 mg/mL;
(3-2) 2/3 the cutting depth is the branch;
(3-3) cuttage needs to be carried out in the evening, nutrient solution is sprayed on the leaf surfaces immediately after cuttage is finished, but water is not needed for sprinkling a seedbed;
(4) daily management;
(4-1) the seedling bed is watered thoroughly in the morning of the next day of cuttage;
(4-2) keeping the humidity of the cuttage greenhouse to be more than or equal to 80% and the temperature to be 20-33 ℃;
(4-3) spraying nutrient solution with carbendazim concentration of 800 times to wet leaf surfaces and seedbeds every 5 days;
the nutrient solution in the step (3) or the step (4) consists of the following components: potassium indolebutyrate, potassium naphthylacetate, brassinolide, citric acid, sucrose and potassium dihydrogen phosphate; the concentration of the potassium indolebutyrate salt is 100mg/mL, the concentration of the potassium naphthylacetate salt is 100mg/mL, the concentration of the brassinolide is 0.01mg/mL, the mass fraction of the citric acid is 0.02 per thousand, the mass fraction of the sucrose is 0.1 percent, and the mass fraction of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 0.01 per thousand;
(5) and (5) transplanting the seedlings.
2. The persimmon twig cutting seedling method as set forth in claim 1, wherein in the step (2): the width of the seedbed is 1.2m, the depth of the seedbed is 30cm, and a cuttage matrix is filled in the seedbed.
3. The persimmon twig cutting seedling method as set forth in claim 2, wherein in the step (2): and (3) sterilizing the cutting matrix by adopting 500 times of carbendazim before cutting.
4. The method for raising persimmon twig by cutting as set forth in claim 1, wherein in the step (5), when the height of the seedling is more than 25cm, transplanting is possible; the transplanting is divided into two steps of sun-shading seedling hardening and field transplanting:
sun-shading and seedling hardening for 15 days or more, and then selecting a cloudy day to carry out field transplanting to a field; the transplanting is carried out while watering, and after the transplanting, watering is carried out once every 5 days.
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