CN115181655A - Microfluidic card box for PCR amplification and hybridization reaction and use method thereof - Google Patents
Microfluidic card box for PCR amplification and hybridization reaction and use method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
- C12Q1/6844—Nucleic acid amplification reactions
- C12Q1/686—Polymerase chain reaction [PCR]
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- B01L3/502—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures
- B01L3/5027—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip
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- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
- C12Q1/6813—Hybridisation assays
Abstract
The invention discloses a microfluidic card box for PCR amplification and hybridization reaction and a use method thereof, relating to the technical field of PCR amplification reaction devices, wherein the microfluidic card box comprises a DNA sample adding hole, a hybridization reagent adding hole, a PCR bin and a hybridization bin; the PCR chamber comprises a low-temperature constant-temperature area, a medium-temperature constant-temperature area, a high-temperature constant-temperature area, a circulating flow channel, a circulating power device, a sample adding channel, an exhaust channel and a discharge channel; firstly, adding reaction materials into a DNA sample adding hole, preheating in a low-temperature constant-temperature area, then reversely rotating a circulating power device to enable the reaction materials to enter the high-temperature constant-temperature area to be heated, and then positively rotating the circulating power device to enable the reaction materials to circularly flow in a circulating flow channel to finish a PCR process; after the reaction is finished, the product enters a hybridization bin, and a reagent is added through a hybridization reagent adding hole to automatically finish the hybridization reaction. The microfluidic card box has high space utilization rate, can automatically control the cycle time and cycle times of a PCR amplification project, can accurately quantify a PCR product, and is favorable for automatically developing a hybridization reaction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of PCR amplification reaction devices, in particular to a microfluidic cartridge for PCR amplification and hybridization reaction and a using method thereof.
Background
The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a molecular biology technique for amplifying specific DNA fragments, and consists of three basic reaction steps of denaturation-annealing-extension: wherein, the denaturation refers to that the DNA of the template is heated to about 95 ℃ for a certain time to dissociate the double-stranded DNA or the double-stranded DNA formed by PCR amplification to make the double-stranded DNA become single-stranded; annealing means that the single strand formed in the denaturation process is cooled to about 55 ℃ so that the primer is matched and combined with the complementary sequence of the template DNA single strand; extension refers to the synthesis of a new, semi-preserved copy strand complementary to the template DNA strand by the DNA template and primer combination according to the base pairing and semi-preserved copy principles at a specific temperature (typically around 72 ℃). Repeating the three steps of denaturation, annealing and extension to obtain more semi-reserved copied strands, and the new strands can become templates for the next cycle, thereby finally realizing the amplification of DNA fragments.
The Reverse Dot Blot (RDB) technique is that the probe to be used is firstly spotted on a nitrocellulose membrane or a nylon membrane in turn, then a DNA sample to be detected (generally, a product amplified by PCR specificity is carried out, biotin labeling is carried out in advance at the 5' end of a PCR primer, so that the amplified product is correspondingly labeled with biotin) is hybridized with the probe, thus the amplified product of the sample to be detected can be specifically combined with the probe with a homologous sequence, and the unbound product DNA sample is removed by washing. Because the DNA sample to be detected is provided with the biotin-like marker, the biotin-like marker is arranged on the probe point combined with the DNA to be detected, and then the hybridization signal can be displayed through corresponding color reaction, so that a plurality of targets in the sample can be screened simultaneously through single reaction, time and labor are saved, and reagent consumables are saved. The RDB technology has been widely used in the medical diagnosis field, such as genotyping detection, genetic disease detection, pathogen detection, oncogene detection, etc., due to its low hardware cost and convenient result reading.
In the prior art, a microfluidic PCR chip generally includes three constant temperature regions and a microchannel, the microchannel is circularly arranged in the three constant temperature regions for many times according to the reaction requirement, and by injecting a sample and a reaction solution into an inlet of the microchannel, the sample and the reaction solution circularly pass through the three constant temperature regions when flowing in the microchannel to complete the circulation process, and are finally discharged from an outlet of the microchannel. The micro-channel in the microfluidic PCR chip is usually a single channel, i.e., the micro-channel is circulated through three constant temperature regions by a single channel to realize the circulation of the three basic reactions, and the micro-channel has the following main disadvantages in practical application:
first, different amplification items differ in the number of cycles in the reaction. The microfluidic PCR chip in the prior art needs to customize the times of the microfluidic PCR chip circulating through three constant temperature reaction areas according to projects, and PCR chips of different projects cannot be used universally. For items with many requirements on cycle times, the whole volume of the customized microfluidic PCR chip is relatively large, the space utilization rate is low, the design of a constant temperature area is also relatively large and complex, and the constant temperature control of the constant temperature area and the temperature isolation of different constant temperature areas are also relatively difficult.
Secondly, the microfluidic PCR chip in the prior art is in a form that a single microchannel circularly penetrates through three constant temperature areas, the circulating power of the microfluidic PCR chip is from the injection of the inlet of the microchannel, the whole circulating time is determined by the injection power, the precise control of each single circulating time cannot be carried out, and the reaction effect cannot be optimized by controlling the reaction time.
Thirdly, because the circulating power of the microfluidic PCR chip in the prior art comes from the inlet injection of the microchannel, the accurate quantification of the product is difficult to realize, and the hybridization detection of the quantified product cannot be automatically completed. The traditional RDB technology belongs to open hybridization, and after the PCR reaction is finished, a cover needs to be opened and the product is manually transferred to a reaction chip, so that aerosol accumulation and pollution of the whole environment are easily caused, and a false positive result is generated; and too many manual operation links are adopted in the reaction process, so that the stability of the result is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a microfluidic cartridge for PCR amplification and hybridization reaction and a using method thereof.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a microfluidic card box for PCR amplification and hybridization reaction comprises a DNA sample adding hole, a hybridization reagent adding hole, a PCR chamber and a hybridization chamber; the PCR chamber comprises a low-temperature constant-temperature area, a medium-temperature constant-temperature area, a high-temperature constant-temperature area, a circulating flow channel, a circulating power device, a sample adding channel, an exhaust channel and a discharge channel; the circulating flow channel comprises a first flow channel, a second flow channel and a third flow channel, the first flow channel is arranged in the low-temperature constant-temperature area, the second flow channel is arranged in the medium-temperature constant-temperature area, the third flow channel is arranged in the high-temperature constant-temperature area, one end of the first flow channel is communicated with one end of the second flow channel, the other end of the second flow channel is communicated with one end of the third flow channel, and the other end of the third flow channel is communicated with one end, far away from the second flow channel, of the first flow channel; one end of the sample adding channel is communicated with the first flow channel, the other end of the sample adding channel is communicated with the DNA sample adding hole, and a first opening and closing device is arranged on the sample adding channel; one end of the exhaust channel is communicated with the first flow channel, and a second opening and closing device is arranged on the exhaust channel; a third opening and closing device is arranged between the first flow channel and the third flow channel; one end of the discharging channel is communicated with the third flow channel, the other end of the discharging channel is communicated with the hybridization bin, and a fourth closing device is arranged on the discharging channel; the hybridization reagent adding hole is communicated with the hybridization bin, and a fifth opening and closing device is arranged between the hybridization reagent adding hole and the hybridization bin; the circulating power device can drive the materials in the circulating flow channel to flow forwards or reversely.
When the microfluidic card box is specifically manufactured, the microfluidic card box for PCR amplification and hybridization reaction comprises a cover plate and a base plate, wherein a groove is formed in the bottom of the cover plate, and the cover plate is buckled with the base plate to enable the groove to form the circulating flow channel, the sample adding channel, the exhaust channel and the discharge channel.
Furthermore, the first opening and closing device, the second opening and closing device, the third opening and closing device, the fourth opening and closing device and the fifth opening and closing device all adopt a membrane pump structure.
Furthermore, the PCR chamber is basically disc-shaped, and further comprises a heat insulation layer, the heat insulation layer equally divides the chip structure into a first sector, a second sector, a third sector and a fourth sector which are sequentially arranged by taking the circle center as the center, the first flow channel is arranged in the first sector, the second flow channel is arranged in the second sector, the third flow channel is arranged in the third sector, and the second opening and closing device, the third opening and closing device and the fourth opening and closing device are all arranged in the fourth sector.
The circulating power device has the following realization forms:
the circulating flow passage is provided with two power holes, the circulating power device adopts an external power device, and the external power device is communicated with the two power holes.
Preferably, the external power device is a peristaltic pump.
Preferably, the two power holes are both arranged between the first flow channel and the third flow channel.
And secondly, the circulating power device is composed of a plurality of membrane pump structures, and the membrane pump structures of the circulating power device are arranged on the circulating flow channel.
Preferably, the circulating power device comprises a fifth membrane pump and a sixth membrane pump, the fifth membrane pump is arranged at a position where the first flow channel is communicated with the second flow channel, and the sixth membrane pump is arranged at a position where the second flow channel is communicated with the third flow channel.
The microfluidic cartridge for PCR amplification and hybridization reaction and the use method thereof comprise the following steps:
s1, opening a first opening and closing device and a fourth opening and closing device, injecting a quantitative sample and a multiple PCR reaction solution into a first flow channel from a DNA sample adding hole, and then closing the first opening and closing device and the fourth opening and closing device to preheat the sample and the multiple PCR reaction solution in a low-temperature constant-temperature area;
s2, opening a third opening and closing device, starting a circulating power device to enable the circulating power device to move reversely, driving the sample and the multiple PCR reaction liquid to enter a third flow channel in the high-temperature constant-temperature area, and waiting for a specific time; then the circulating power device moves forward to drive the liquid in the circulating flow channel to circularly flow in the direction of (823030) ', wherein (8230)', after the PCR reaction is completed by circulating for a certain number of times, the third opening and closing device and the circulating power device are closed;
s3, opening the fourth opening and closing device and the second opening and closing device, opening the circulating power device, and driving the reacted liquid in the circulating flow channel to be discharged to the hybridization chamber through the discharge channel;
and S4, opening the fifth opening and closing device, and adding a reaction reagent into the hybridization bin through the hybridization reagent adding hole to complete the hybridization process.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the microfluidic card box for PCR amplification and hybridization reaction comprises a sample adding hole, a hybridization reagent adding hole, a PCR chamber and a hybridization chamber. The PCR chamber is provided with three constant temperature areas, a circulating flow channel and a circulating power device, and materials in the circulating flow channel are driven to circularly flow by the circulating power device during PCR reaction, so that the PCR reaction process is completed by circularly passing through the three constant temperature areas. Compared with the prior art, the liquid is circulated for multiple times through the same circulation flow channel, the space utilization rate is high, the miniaturization of a chip structure is favorably realized, and the constant temperature control is more favorably realized to ensure the reaction effect; meanwhile, the chip has strong structural universality and can be applied to PCR reaction projects with different cycle times and cycle times; and high-precision cycle control can be realized, the time of each single cycle is accurately controlled, and the reaction effect is optimized by controlling the reaction time. The PCR process adopts a form that a circulating power device drives materials to circularly flow in a circulating flow channel, can determine the sample amount participating in PCR treatment each time, can accurately and quantitatively control products, and is favorable for realizing an automatic hybridization detection process after the products enter a hybridization bin.
Be provided with application of sample passageway, exhaust passage and discharging channel, circulation power device can just reverse the operation, can preheat through low temperature constant temperature area earlier when using, gets into high temperature constant temperature area again and promotes the temperature, gets into normal circulation process afterwards again, is favorable to keeping the temperature steady excessive, promotes the reaction effect.
The whole card box structure is made by buckling a cover plate and a base plate, each opening and closing device is made directly according to the membrane pump structure, the whole structure is easy and convenient to manufacture, the integration level is high, the space utilization rate is high, and the miniaturized use requirement is met.
The above-described circulating power plant provides two preferred forms: firstly, a plurality of membrane pump structures are directly arranged on a circulating flow channel, the sequential control of each membrane pump structure is utilized to realize the continuous conveying of materials, the manufacturing is convenient, the integration level is high, the space utilization rate is high, and the device has the advantages of being used in the scene that the external power cannot be arranged due to the narrow space caused by the limitation of equipment; and secondly, two power holes are formed in the circulation flow channel, and a power device such as an external precision peristaltic pump is communicated with the two power holes to provide circulation power, so that the accurate control of the circulation power can be realized, the accurate control of each single circulation time is facilitated, and the reaction effect is optimized through the accurate control of the reaction time.
The PCR bin is basically disc-shaped, the whole chip structure is equally divided into four sectors by the heat insulation layer, the low-temperature constant-temperature area, the medium-temperature constant-temperature area and the high-temperature constant-temperature area are arranged in three sequentially adjacent sectors, and the power hole and the related opening and closing device are arranged in the fourth sector. According to the arrangement, each constant temperature area can be conveniently separated by the heat insulation layer, so that heat conduction can be effectively reduced, and the temperature control of each constant temperature area is facilitated; the opening and closing device, the power hole and the related external power device arranged in the fourth sector cause temperature reduction which is beneficial to the PCR reaction process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a microfluidic cartridge for PCR amplification and hybridization reactions according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of an embodiment 1 of the microfluidic cartridge for PCR amplification and hybridization reaction according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a cover plate in example 1 of a microfluidic cartridge for PCR amplification and hybridization reaction according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of the bottom plate in example 1 of the microfluidic cartridge for PCR amplification and hybridization reaction according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment 2 of the microfluidic cartridge for PCR amplification and hybridization reaction according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a cover plate in example 2 of a microfluidic cartridge for PCR amplification and hybridization reaction according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of the bottom plate in example 2 of the microfluidic cartridge for PCR amplification and hybridization reaction according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a membrane pump configuration;
fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the continuous delivery principle of the membrane pump structure.
In the figure, 1-a low-temperature constant-temperature area, 2-a medium-temperature constant-temperature area, 3-a high-temperature constant-temperature area, 4-a first flow channel, 5-a second flow channel, 6-a third flow channel, 7-a sample adding channel, 8-an exhaust channel, 9-a discharge channel, 10-a first opening and closing device, 11-a second opening and closing device, 12-a third opening and closing device, 13-a fourth opening and closing device, 14-a cover plate, 15-a substrate, 16-a membrane, 17-a fifth membrane pump, 18-a sixth membrane pump, 19-an external power device, 20-a power hole, 21-a heat insulation layer, 22-a DNA sample adding hole, 23-a hybridization reagent adding hole, 24-a hybridization bin and 25-a fifth opening and closing device.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, a microfluidic cartridge for PCR amplification and hybridization reactions includes a DNA loading well 22, a hybridization reagent loading well 23, a PCR chamber, and a hybridization chamber 24. The PCR chamber comprises a low-temperature constant-temperature area 1, a medium-temperature constant-temperature area 2, a high-temperature constant-temperature area 3, a circulating flow channel and a circulating power device.
The three constant temperature regions respectively correspond to three basic reaction steps of 'denaturation-annealing-extension' of PCR, wherein the set temperature of the low-temperature constant temperature region 1 is 45-55 ℃, the set temperature of the medium-temperature constant temperature region 2 is about 72 ℃, and the set temperature of the high-temperature constant temperature region 3 is about 95 ℃. The circulating flow channel comprises a first flow channel 4, a second flow channel 5 and a third flow channel 6, the first flow channel 4 is arranged in the low-temperature constant-temperature area 1, the second flow channel 5 is arranged in the medium-temperature constant-temperature area 2, the third flow channel 6 is arranged in the high-temperature constant-temperature area 3, one end of the first flow channel 4 is communicated with one end of the second flow channel 5, the other end of the second flow channel 5 is communicated with one end of the third flow channel 6, and the other end of the third flow channel 6 is communicated with one end, far away from the second flow channel 5, of the first flow channel 4. The circulating power device can be used for driving the materials in the circulating flow channel to circularly flow.
When the PCR chamber is used for DNA amplification reaction, after a sample and reaction liquid are injected into the circulating flow channel, the circulating flow can be driven by a circulating power device to circularly flow in the direction of 'a first flow channel 4-a second flow channel 5-a third flow channel 6-a first flow channel 4 \8230 \' 8230; 'and' three reaction steps of 'denaturation-annealing-extension' are circularly completed in three constant temperature areas, so that the amplification of DNA fragments is realized.
In the PCR amplification project, different projects have different single cycle times and different cycle times in the reaction. For example, the shortest single cycle time for pathogenic vibrio, food-borne pathogenic bacteria, diarrheagenic microorganisms (bacteria), diarrheagenic colon typing is 60 seconds, while the longest single cycle time for diarrheagenic microorganisms (viruses), instant fruits and vegetables, genital pathogenic bacteria is 90 seconds; the minimum cycle times of pathogenic vibrio, food-borne pathogenic bacteria, diarrheal microorganisms (bacteria), 11 animal sources, non-prepackaged foods, food-borne plant allergens, transgenes (soybean, rice, corn, rape) are 30, while the maximum cycle times of reproductive tract pathogenic bacteria reach 40. The single channel adopted by the microfluidic PCR chip in the prior art circularly passes through the three constant temperature areas, the number of the circulating times which can be realized is determined at the beginning of the design, and the existing PCR chip cannot be used universally for items with different circulating times requirements, and needs to be customized in production practice. Particularly for items with more requirements on cycle times, the micro-channel needs to pass through each constant temperature area more times, so that the whole volume of the whole micro-fluidic PCR chip is increased, the space utilization rate is low, and pain points exist on the structural design of the miniature chip all the time. Meanwhile, the constant temperature area of the large chip structure is relatively large and complex in design, constant temperature control of the constant temperature area and temperature isolation of different constant temperature areas are relatively difficult, and adverse effects are often caused on reaction effects. In practical application, the temperature of each constant temperature region often fluctuates in a certain range to influence the reaction effect, because the microfluidic PCR chip in the prior art is usually in a form that a single microchannel circularly passes through three constant temperature regions, the circulating power of the microfluidic PCR chip is from the injection of the inlet of the microchannel, the circulating time is determined by the injection power, the single circulating time tends to be the same (if the circulating time is adjusted by changing the injection power, the influence on each section of material in the microchannel can be caused), the single circulating time cannot be accurately controlled independently, and the reaction effect cannot be optimized by the accurate control of the reaction time; meanwhile, the form of power supply by micro-channel inlet injection can not realize accurate quantitative treatment, and the PCR reaction device in the prior art is difficult to be integrated with a hybridization reaction device to realize automatic control.
In the microfluidic card box for PCR amplification and hybridization reaction, the reaction process in the PCR chamber is driven by the circulating power device, so that materials circularly flow in the same circulating flow channel, the microfluidic card box has a simple and compact structure and high space utilization rate, and meets the requirement of miniaturization design; the circulation times and the single circulation time can be freely selected according to needs, the method is suitable for projects with different circulation times and circulation speeds, and the universality is strong; and the circulation time of each time can be independently controlled, the temperature fluctuation of the constant temperature area can be compensated by controlling the reaction time, and the reaction effect is optimized.
The microfluidic card box for PCR amplification and hybridization reaction also comprises a sample adding channel 7, an exhaust channel 8 and a discharge channel 9; one end of the sample adding channel 7 is communicated with the first flow channel 4, the other end of the sample adding channel 7 is communicated with the DNA sample adding hole 22, and the sample adding channel 7 is provided with a first opening and closing device 10; one end of the exhaust passage 8 is communicated with the first flow passage 4, and a second opening and closing device 11 is arranged on the exhaust passage 8; a third opening and closing device 12 is arranged between the first flow channel 4 and the third flow channel 6; one end of the discharging channel 9 is communicated with the third flow channel 6, the other end of the discharging channel 9 is communicated with the hybridization bin 24, and a fourth closing device 13 is arranged on the discharging channel 9; the hybridization reagent adding hole 23 is communicated with the hybridization bin 24, and a fifth opening and closing device 25 is arranged between the hybridization reagent adding hole 23 and the hybridization bin 24; the circulating power device can drive the materials in the circulating flow channel to flow forwards or reversely.
The microfluidic cartridge for PCR amplification and hybridization reactions is used as follows:
s1, opening the first opening/closing device 10 and the fourth opening/closing device 13, pushing a fixed amount of sample and the multiple PCR reaction solution from the DNA sample addition hole 22 into the first channel 4 (air in the circulating channel is discharged through the discharge channel 9 and the fourth opening/closing device 13) by using the instrument channel and the pipette arm, and closing the first opening/closing device 10 and the fourth opening/closing device 13 after the sample addition is completed. The sample and the multiplex PCR reaction solution were preheated in the low-temperature constant-temperature region 1.
S2, opening the third opening and closing device 12, starting the circulating power device to make the circulating power device move reversely, driving the sample and the multiple PCR reaction liquid to enter the third flow channel 6 in the high-temperature constant-temperature area 3, and waiting for a specific time; then the circulating power device moves forward to drive the liquid in the circulating flow channel to circularly flow in the directions of ' the first flow channel 4, the second flow channel 5, the third flow channel 6 and the first flow channel 4 ', 8230; '. After completing the PCR reaction for a certain number of cycles, the third opening and closing means 12 and the cycling power means are closed.
And S3, opening the fourth opening and closing device 13 and the second opening and closing device 11, opening the circulating power device, and driving the reacted liquid in the circulating flow channel to be discharged to the hybridization chamber 24 through the discharge channel 9 (in the liquid discharging process, the outside air enters the circulating flow channel through the second opening and closing device 11 and the exhaust channel 8).
S4, automatically completing the processes of hybridization, enzyme labeling, color development and cleaning in the hybridization bin 24, wherein reagents in each process are added from the hybridization reagent adding hole 23 by an instrument, and a fifth opening and closing device 25 needs to be opened when the reagents are added; waste liquid generated in each of the above processes is discharged from a drain hole in the bottom of the hybridization chamber 24.
In the prior art, the PCR reaction usually directly enters a circulation process, generally enters from a low-temperature constant-temperature area 1, and external materials are difficult to quickly reach the temperature required by the reaction at the initial stage of entering, and if directly enter circulation from other constant-temperature areas, a rapid temperature rise process exists, so that the reaction is not favorable. When in use, the microfluidic card box for PCR amplification and hybridization reaction can be preheated by the low-temperature constant-temperature area 1, then enters the high-temperature constant-temperature area 3 to increase the temperature, and then enters the normal circulation process, so that the temperature can be kept stable and excessive, and the reaction effect can be improved. In the prior art, the circulating power of the PCR reaction comes from the injection power of the chip microchannel, which is generally difficult to realize quantitative treatment, the microfluidic cartridge for PCR amplification and hybridization reaction of the invention adopts a form that the circulating power device internally drives liquid to flow in the circulating channel, when in use, the microfluidic cartridge can adopt the quantitative injection of samples and reaction liquid, only the quantitative samples and reaction liquid participate in the treatment in the whole treatment process, so the product can also be accurately quantified, and the subsequent automatic development of hybridization test is facilitated (for example, in the practical application, the membrane chip nucleic acid molecule hybridization instrument can dispense each sample and hybridization reagent in a reagent disk into 24 or more cartridges through a reagent needle, and automatically complete the PCR and hybridization reaction of 24 or more samples).
In specific implementation, as shown in fig. 2-7, the microfluidic cartridge for PCR amplification and hybridization reaction includes a cover plate 14 and a substrate 15, wherein a groove is formed in the bottom of the cover plate 14, the shape of the groove corresponds to the shape of the above-mentioned circulation channel and the shapes of the sample application channel 7, the air exhaust channel 8 and the material discharge channel 9, and after the cover plate 14 is fastened to the substrate 15, the groove directly forms the above-mentioned circulation channel and the sample application channel 7, the air exhaust channel 8 and the material discharge channel 9. Similarly, the DNA sample hole 22 and the hybridization reagent hole 23 can be pre-processed with a hollow hole at the corresponding position on the cover plate 14, the hybridization chamber 24 can be processed with a chamber body at the corresponding position of the cover plate 14 and the base plate 15, and the DNA sample hole 22, the hybridization reagent hole 23 and the hybridization chamber 24 are formed when the cover plate 14 is buckled with the base plate 15, so that the processing and manufacturing process is relatively convenient.
The first opening/closing device 10, the second opening/closing device 11, the third opening/closing device 12, the fourth opening/closing device 13, and the fifth opening/closing device 25 may be any device that can switch the connection or disconnection state of the passages. In this embodiment, each of the opening and closing devices is a membrane pump structure.
The membrane pump structure realizes the disconnection and connection of the channels by switching the positive pressure and the negative pressure of the membrane, and the structure is shown in figure 8. At the position of the membrane pump structure, the groove on the cover plate 14 is processed into a disconnected state, a through hole is processed on the base plate 15 at the position corresponding to the groove in the disconnected state, and a membrane 16 is arranged between the cover plate 14 and the base plate 15 when the cover plate is buckled with the base plate 15. When positive pressure is applied to the membrane 16 through the through holes (for example, air is inflated to the membrane direction through the through holes), the middle part of the membrane 16 is pressed against the bottom surface of the cover plate 14, and the channel formed by the groove on the cover plate 14 is in a disconnected state; when negative pressure is applied to the membrane 16 through the through hole (for example, the membrane is sucked through the through hole), the middle part of the membrane 16 is sucked toward the through hole, so that a gap is formed between the middle part of the top surface of the membrane 16 and the bottom surface of the cover plate 14, and the broken grooves on the cover plate 14 are communicated through the gap.
In this embodiment, the first, second, third, fourth and fifth opening/ closing devices 10, 11, 12, 13 and 25 are all directly manufactured according to the above-mentioned membrane pump structure, that is, the concave groove on the cover plate 14 is cut off at the corresponding position, the through hole is opened on the base plate 15, and the membrane 16 is arranged between the cover plate 14 and the base plate 15 at the position. The opening and closing device is directly formed in the above mode, the whole manufacturing process is simple and convenient, the opening and closing device does not need to be additionally configured, and the space utilization rate is improved. Meanwhile, the membrane pump is consistent in structure, a suction device (such as a cylinder piston type suction cylinder) can be arranged outside the membrane pump, the pipeline with the control valve is communicated with the through holes of the substrate 15 respectively, each opening and closing device is controlled, the integrated characteristic is embodied, automatic control is realized, and the whole control process is relatively simple and convenient.
The circulating power device can be selected from various structural forms, and two preferable implementation modes are provided in the embodiment:
example 1, as shown in fig. 2-4:
the circulating power device is composed of a plurality of membrane pump structures, the membrane pump structures of the circulating power device are all arranged on the circulating flow channel, continuous transportation of fluid in two directions can be realized through matching control of the membrane pumps, and the principle of the circulating power device is shown in fig. 9. The diagram from a to f is a state schematic of the three membrane pumps in continuous transportation, and the vertical arrows in the diagram indicate the condition that the three membrane pumps are subjected to positive pressure or negative pressure (the arrows are upward positive pressure and downward negative pressure), and the shading is the position of the material in the flow channel. As can be seen from the figure, when the positive pressure or negative pressure state of each membrane pump is controlled in order, the continuous conveying of the materials in the flow channel can be realized.
The circulation power device is directly manufactured by the form processing of the membrane pump structure, has the advantages of simple and convenient manufacture, does not need to be externally connected with other power equipment, simultaneously, each membrane pump structure for continuous conveying in the circulation power device can also adopt a suction device to directly realize automatic control according to the mode, has high integration level and high space utilization rate, and has particular advantages in use in the scene that external power cannot be arranged in narrow space due to equipment limitation.
In specific implementation, in order to avoid the influence of a membrane pump structure serving as a circulating power device on temperature control of a constant temperature area, the circulating power device comprises a fifth membrane pump 17 and a sixth membrane pump 18, the fifth membrane pump 17 is arranged at a position where the first flow passage is communicated with the second flow passage, and the sixth membrane pump 18 is arranged at a position where the second flow passage is communicated with the third flow passage. In this case, the membrane pump structure of the third opening/closing device 12 also participates in providing the circulating power, and the three components constitute a three-membrane pump structure as shown in fig. 9.
Example 2, as shown in fig. 5-7:
the circulating power device is an external power device 19. At this time, two power holes 20 are formed in the circulating flow channel, the external power device 19 is communicated with the two power holes 20, and the external power device 19 extracts materials in the circulating flow channel from one power hole 20 and discharges the materials into the circulating flow channel from the other power hole 20, so that circulating power is provided. In the embodiment, the external power device 19 is a peristaltic pump, which has continuous action and can provide continuous circulating power; the optimized precise peristaltic pump can realize precise control of circulating power, is beneficial to precisely controlling each single circulating time, and optimizes the reaction effect through precise control of the reaction time.
In specific implementation, the two power holes 20 are both arranged between the first flow channel 4 and the third flow channel 6, power is pumped from the third flow channel 6 to the first flow channel 4 in a circulating reaction, a material enters the low-temperature constant-temperature area 1 from the high-temperature constant-temperature area 3 at the position when seen in a reaction process, the material belongs to a cooling process, the power holes 20 are arranged at the position, and the temperature of the material caused by the external power device 19 does not cause adverse effects on a PCR process, but is beneficial to the PCR circulating process.
Furthermore, in the specific implementation, in the microfluidic card box for PCR amplification and hybridization reaction, the PCR chamber is basically in a disc shape, is integrally sealed on the reaction temperature control part of the instrument when in application, and is provided with high-efficiency metal conductors with constant temperature control on the upper surface and the lower surface for forming each constant temperature area. The heat insulation structure comprises a heat insulation layer 21, wherein the heat insulation layer 21 equally divides the whole chip structure into a first sector, a second sector, a third sector and a fourth sector which are sequentially arranged by taking the circle center as the center, a first flow channel 4 is arranged in the first sector, a second flow channel 5 is arranged in the second sector, a third flow channel 6 is arranged in the third sector, and a second opening and closing device 11, a third opening and closing device 12 and a fourth opening and closing device 13 are all arranged in the fourth sector. The first sector, the second sector and the third sector respectively correspond to the low-temperature constant-temperature area 1, the medium-temperature constant-temperature area 2 and the high-temperature constant-temperature area 3, the sectors are arranged in a mode that each constant-temperature area can be conveniently separated through the heat insulation layer 21, and meanwhile, the characteristics of PCR reaction are fully considered when the constant-temperature areas are separated, so that the constant-temperature areas with close temperatures are separated through the heat insulation layer 21, and the fourth sector is arranged between the low-temperature constant-temperature area 1 with large temperature difference and the high-temperature constant-temperature area 3 except the heat insulation layer 21 for isolation. Therefore, the heat conduction can be effectively reduced, and the temperature control of each constant temperature area is facilitated.
The foregoing is illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the precise form disclosed herein and is not to be construed as limited to the exclusion of other embodiments, and that various other combinations, modifications, and environments may be used and modifications may be made within the scope of the concepts described herein, either by the above teachings or the skill or knowledge of the relevant art. And that modifications and variations may be effected by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A microfluidic card box for PCR amplification and hybridization reaction is characterized by comprising a DNA sample adding hole, a hybridization reagent adding hole, a PCR chamber and a hybridization chamber;
the PCR chamber comprises a low-temperature constant-temperature area, a medium-temperature constant-temperature area, a high-temperature constant-temperature area, a circulating flow channel, a circulating power device, a sample adding channel, an exhaust channel and a discharge channel;
the circulating flow channel comprises a first flow channel, a second flow channel and a third flow channel, the first flow channel is arranged in the low-temperature constant-temperature area, the second flow channel is arranged in the medium-temperature constant-temperature area, the third flow channel is arranged in the high-temperature constant-temperature area, one end of the first flow channel is communicated with one end of the second flow channel, the other end of the second flow channel is communicated with one end of the third flow channel, and the other end of the third flow channel is communicated with one end, far away from the second flow channel, of the first flow channel;
one end of the sample adding channel is communicated with the first flow channel, the other end of the sample adding channel is communicated with the DNA sample adding hole, and a first opening and closing device is arranged on the sample adding channel;
one end of the exhaust channel is communicated with the first flow channel, and a second opening and closing device is arranged on the exhaust channel;
a third opening and closing device is arranged between the first flow channel and the third flow channel;
one end of the discharging channel is communicated with the third flow channel, the other end of the discharging channel is communicated with the hybridization bin, and a fourth closing device is arranged on the discharging channel;
the hybridization reagent adding hole is communicated with the hybridization bin, and a fifth opening and closing device is arranged between the hybridization reagent adding hole and the hybridization bin;
the circulating power device can drive the materials in the circulating flow passage to flow forward or reversely.
2. The microfluidic cartridge for PCR amplification and hybridization reaction according to claim 1, comprising a cover plate and a base plate, wherein the bottom of the cover plate is processed with a groove, and the cover plate is buckled with the base plate to make the groove form the circulating flow channel and the sample loading channel, the air exhaust channel and the discharging channel.
3. The microfluidic cartridge for PCR amplification and hybridization reaction according to claim 2, wherein the first, second, third, fourth and fifth opening/closing devices are membrane pump structures.
4. The microfluidic cartridge for PCR amplification and hybridization reaction according to claims 1-3, wherein the PCR chamber is substantially disc-shaped, further comprising a thermal insulation layer, the thermal insulation layer equally divides the chip structure into a first sector, a second sector, a third sector and a fourth sector, which are sequentially arranged, with the center of the circle of the chip structure as the center, the first flow channel is disposed in the first sector, the second flow channel is disposed in the second sector, the third flow channel is disposed in the third sector, and the second opening/closing device, the third opening/closing device and the fourth closing device are all disposed in the fourth sector.
5. The microfluidic cartridge for PCR amplification and hybridization reaction according to claims 1-3, wherein the circulating flow channel is provided with two power holes, the circulating power device is an external power device, and the external power device is communicated with both of the two power holes.
6. The microfluidic cartridge of claim 5, wherein the external power device is a peristaltic pump.
7. The microfluidic cartridge for PCR amplification and hybridization reactions according to claim 5, wherein both of the power wells are disposed between the first flow channel and the third flow channel.
8. The microfluidic cartridge for PCR amplification and hybridization reaction according to claims 1-3, wherein the cycling power device is composed of several membrane pump structures, and the membrane pump structures of the cycling power device are all disposed on the cycling flow channel.
9. The microfluidic cartridge for PCR amplification and hybridization reaction according to claim 8, wherein the cycling power device comprises a fifth membrane pump and a sixth membrane pump, the fifth membrane pump is disposed at a position where the first flow channel communicates with the second flow channel, and the sixth membrane pump is disposed at a position where the second flow channel communicates with the third flow channel.
10. The microfluidic cartridge and method of using the same for PCR amplification and hybridization reactions according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
s1, opening a first opening and closing device and a fourth opening and closing device, injecting a quantitative sample and a multiple PCR reaction solution into a first flow channel from a DNA sample adding hole, and then closing the first opening and closing device and the fourth opening and closing device to preheat the sample and the multiple PCR reaction solution in a low-temperature constant-temperature area;
s2, opening a third opening and closing device, starting a circulating power device to enable the circulating power device to move reversely, driving the sample and the multiple PCR reaction liquid to enter a third flow channel in the high-temperature constant-temperature area, and waiting for a specific time; then the circulating power device moves forward to drive the liquid in the circulating flow channel to circularly flow in the direction of ' 82303030 ' \ 8230 ';
s3, opening the fourth opening and closing device and the second opening and closing device, opening the circulating power device, and driving the reacted liquid in the circulating flow channel to be discharged to the hybridization bin through the discharge channel;
and S4, opening the fifth opening and closing device, and adding a reaction reagent into the hybridization chamber through the hybridization reagent adding hole to complete the hybridization process.
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| CN202210795814.3A CN115181655A (en) | 2022-07-07 | 2022-07-07 | Microfluidic card box for PCR amplification and hybridization reaction and use method thereof |
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Cited By (1)
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| CN116694452A (en) * | 2023-07-24 | 2023-09-05 | 广东凯普科技智造有限公司 | Nucleic acid PCR amplification hybridization reaction instrument and amplification hybridization all-in-one machine |
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Application publication date: 20221014 |