CN115104466A - Green control method for root knot nematode disease of greenhouse-cultivated capsicum - Google Patents
Green control method for root knot nematode disease of greenhouse-cultivated capsicum Download PDFInfo
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- CN115104466A CN115104466A CN202111429559.2A CN202111429559A CN115104466A CN 115104466 A CN115104466 A CN 115104466A CN 202111429559 A CN202111429559 A CN 202111429559A CN 115104466 A CN115104466 A CN 115104466A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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Abstract
The invention relates to a green prevention and control method for root knot nematode disease of greenhouse cultivated peppers, belongs to the technical field of crop pest control, and particularly relates to a prevention and control measure for the root knot nematode disease of the greenhouse cultivated peppers. The invention specifically comprises the following steps: (1) and during 6-8 months, after the peppers are harvested. The temperature of the greenhouse can be as high as 60 ℃. Ploughing the soil, wherein the renovation depth is up to 30 cm; (2) chopping the residual pepper straws after harvesting to 2-3cm in length, adding organic fertilizers such as 200 kg/mu of chopped straw straws with the length of 2-3cm, 20-30 kg/mu of chicken manure and 20-30 kg/mu of cake fertilizer, and mixing with soil for fertilizing; (3) the application of the low-toxicity and high-efficiency nematicide 1500- 2 Sealing the soil with a film; and sealing the greenhouse, and carrying out high-temperature greenhouse closing for 40 days. The invention can effectively eliminate 95 percent of root-knot nematodes and can ensure that few or no root-knot nematode influence is caused within 2 to 3 years.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop disease and pest control, and discloses a green control method for a root knot nematode disease of greenhouse cultivated hot peppers.
Background
Root-knot nematodes are one of the most serious diseases developed in facility crop production in recent years. Because of the wide host range of root-knot nematodes, they are mainly harmful to many vegetable crops such as hot pepper, cucumber, towel gourd, tomato, eggplant and the like. And root-knot nematode infection can promote the occurrence and harm of soil-borne diseases such as crop blight, epidemic diseases, root rot and the like. Continuous cropping obstacles are generated due to low temperature and high humidity in winter and spring and annual production of peppers in facility cultivation. The plant residues are not cleaned in time, the root-knot nematodes often grow in soil with the depth of 25cm and are difficult to thoroughly eliminate, and the like, so that the root-knot nematodes have a great influence on the planting and production of the peppers.
At present, the prevention and treatment of root-knot nematodes mainly adopt chemical, physical, biological and other prevention and treatment methods. Chemical control such as fluopyram suspending agent, 10% abamectin-fosthiazate aqueous emulsion irrigation root or 10% fosthiazate granule broadcast application, etc. However, most of chemical control agents are highly toxic and highly residual systemic agents, so that the chemical control agents have great harm to people, livestock and the environment. And the original living environment of beneficial microorganisms in soil is destroyed, the ecological balance of the soil is broken, and the root-knot nematode cannot be efficiently controlled by the annual crop rotation facility planting.
The physical prevention and control mainly adopts a single high-temperature greenhouse closing method to prevent and control the root-knot nematodes, but the single high-temperature greenhouse closing method cannot effectively solve the root-knot nematode egg masses in the deep soil, so the prevention and control efficiency is also low.
Biological control is a control mode with great potential, which mainly utilizes fungi or bacteria and metabolites thereof to control root-knot nematodes and breeds pepper resistant varieties of the root-knot nematodes, but due to a plurality of limitations of biological agents in production and application, breeding of pepper resistant varieties still has certain bottleneck and cannot be widely used.
Therefore, the search for a suitable and efficient method for preventing and treating the nematode disease of the root of the pepper cultivated in a facility is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a prevention and treatment measure for the root knot nematode disease of the greenhouse cultivated peppers, which can effectively prevent the infection of the root knot nematode of the greenhouse cultivated peppers, can provide nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like required by the greenhouse cultivated soil of annual rotation, and improve the soil fertility so as to improve the yield of the peppers. The technical scheme specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) after 6-8 months, the harvesting of the hot pepper is finished, and the hot pepper straw is left to be dried for standby; digging and removing all pepper roots of the peppers, and ploughing soil in the facility, wherein the ploughing depth needs to reach 30 cm;
(2) cutting the dried pepper straws into 2-3cm long, and mixing and plowing organic fertilizers such as 100-200 kg/mu rice straws, 20-30 kg/mu chicken manure and 20-30 kg/mu cake fertilizers with the weight of 300 kg/mu and 200-3 cm rice straws, so that the organic fertilizers are fully mixed; mixing, adding water, and irrigating;
(3) at 1500-2000g/667m 2 Applying a high-efficiency low-toxicity nematicide at the working concentration, and sealing the ploughed soil by using a film to ensure that microorganisms are fully fermented under the conditions of high temperature and high humidity;
(4) the greenhouse is sealed for 40 days, the temperature can reach 80 ℃ during the high-temperature greenhouse sealing period, and the greenhouse is not opened during the high-temperature greenhouse sealing period;
(5) and after the greenhouse is closed, opening the greenhouse for ventilation.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a high-efficiency low-pollution prevention and control method for root-knot nematode disease of greenhouse cultivated peppers, which is further optimized and improved based on the principle of high-temperature prevention and control of root-knot nematodes. Organic matters such as pepper straws, rice straw straws, chicken manure and the like are utilized to carry out composting, and the purpose is that toxic substances such as methane, CO and the like generated in the composting process can play a role in preventing and controlling root-knot nematodes in soil. The organic fertilizer can increase the organic matter content of the soil, obviously weakens the soil acidification, and further reduces the occurrence and harm of root knot nematode disease. The cultivation soil of 30cm is ploughed, the root-knot nematodes can be exposed to a great extent, and the incubation and survival of the root-knot nematodes can be obviously influenced at high temperature. The invention can effectively eliminate 95 percent of root-knot nematodes and can ensure that few or no root-knot nematode influence is caused within 2 to 3 years.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a comparison of the phenotype of capsicum after the high temperature canopy-closing measure and the control measure of common root-knot nematode. (A) The pepper fruits are obtained after the propagation measure of the common root-knot nematodes. (B) Hot pepper fruits are treated by a high-temperature greenhouse closing measure. (C) And (5) performing common measures to treat the phenotype of the plant. And (4) performing high-temperature greenhouse closing measures to treat the phenotype of the plant. (upper: common treatment; lower: high temperature closed shed) (D) root knot after common measures. (E) And (5) rooting after the high-temperature greenhouse closing measure treatment.
FIG. 2 is a comparison of the incidence of pepper fruit disease after high temperature canopy closure and common root-knot nematode control.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
The first embodiment is as follows: root knot nematode disease control for common greenhouse
(1) After 6 months, the harvesting of the hot pepper is finished, and the hot pepper straw is left to be dried for standby; digging and removing all pepper roots of the peppers, and ploughing soil in the facility, wherein the ploughing depth needs to reach 30 cm;
(2) the dried pepper straws are cut into 2cm long, 200kg of organic fertilizers are fully mixed with 100 kg/mu of rice straws, 20 kg/mu of chicken manure and 20 kg/mu of cake fertilizers according to the weight of 200 kg/mu, and then the mixture is ploughed, and water is added for irrigation.
(3) With a ratio of 1500g/667m 2 High-efficiency and low-toxicity nematocide is spread at working concentration, and the ploughed soil is sealed by a film, so that the microorganisms are fully fermented under the conditions of high temperature and high humidity.
(4) The greenhouse is sealed for 40 days, the temperature can reach 80 ℃ during the high-temperature greenhouse closing period, and the greenhouse is not opened during the high-temperature greenhouse closing period.
(5) And after the greenhouse is closed, opening the greenhouse for ventilation. And plowing soil to plant the peppers according to a conventional pepper planting method.
(6) After 20 days of pepper blooming, 5 sampling points are respectively selected for each greenhouse according to statistical analysis, 5 seedlings are randomly extracted from each sampling point to observe the formation condition of root knots at the roots, and 15 fruits are extracted from each seedling for comparative analysis.
Example two: root knot nematode disease control for multi-span greenhouse
(1) After 8 months, the harvesting of the hot pepper is finished, and the hot pepper straw is left to be dried for standby; digging and removing all pepper roots of the peppers, and ploughing soil in the facility, wherein the ploughing depth needs to reach 30 cm;
(2) the dried pepper straws are cut into pieces with the length of 3cm, the pieces with the weight of 300kg per mu are fully mixed with organic fertilizers such as 100-one-year-old rice straws with the length of 3cm, 200 kg/mu of chicken manure with the length of 30 kg/mu and cake fertilizers with the length of 30 kg/mu, and then the mixture is ploughed, and water is added for irrigation.
(3) At 2000g/667m 2 High-efficiency and low-toxicity nematocide is spread at working concentration, and the ploughed soil is sealed by a film, so that the microorganisms are fully fermented under the conditions of high temperature and high humidity.
(4) The greenhouse is sealed for 40 days, the temperature can reach 80 ℃ during the high-temperature greenhouse sealing period, and the greenhouse is not opened during the high-temperature greenhouse sealing period.
(5) And after the greenhouse is closed, opening the greenhouse for ventilation.
(6) After 20 days of pepper blooming, 5 sampling points are respectively selected for each greenhouse according to statistical analysis, 10 seedlings are randomly extracted from each sampling point to observe the formation condition of root knots at the roots, and 15 fruits are extracted from each seedling for comparative analysis.
Example three: high-terrain greenhouse root knot nematode disease control
(1) After 7 months, the harvesting of the pepper is finished, and pepper straws are left to be dried for later use. Digging and removing all pepper roots of the peppers, and ploughing soil in the facility, wherein the ploughing depth needs to reach 30 cm;
(2) the dried pepper straws are cut into 2.3cm long, 250kg of organic fertilizers are fully mixed with 150 kg/mu of rice straws, 25 kg/mu of chicken manure and 25 kg/mu of cake fertilizers according to the weight of 250 kg/mu, the organic fertilizers are ploughed, and water is added for irrigation.
(3) At a rate of 1800g/667m 2 The high-efficiency low-toxicity nematicide is spread at the working concentration, and the ploughed soil is sealed by a film, so that the microorganisms are fully fermented under the conditions of high temperature and high humidity.
(4) The greenhouse is sealed for 40 days, the temperature can reach 80 ℃ during the high-temperature greenhouse sealing period, and the greenhouse is not opened during the high-temperature greenhouse sealing period.
(5) And after the greenhouse is closed, opening the greenhouse for ventilation.
(6) After 20 days of pepper blooming, 5 sampling points are respectively selected for each greenhouse according to statistical analysis, 6 seedlings are randomly extracted from each sampling point to observe the formation condition of root knots at the roots, and 15 fruits are extracted from each seedling for comparative analysis.
Comparative example 1 single high temperature closed-shed process.
Comparative example 2 chemical prevention method.
The plant height, fruit number and shape, and fruit incidence of each example were analyzed in comparison. After the common root-knot nematode breeding measures, the sizes and the shapes of the hot pepper fruits are different, the surfaces of the hot pepper fruits are uneven, and the hot pepper fruits treated by the high-temperature greenhouse covering measures have bright colors, uniform shapes and sizes and smooth surfaces. After the treatment by common measures, the leaves are yellow and the plants are short. The leaves of the pepper are normal after the high-temperature greenhouse closing treatment, and the plant height is higher than that of the former. The root knots are formed more after the common measures are adopted, and the root knots are formed less after the high-temperature greenhouse closing measures are adopted. (see fig. 1). And the fruit incidence after the high-temperature greenhouse-closing treatment is far lower than that of the pepper plants treated by the common control measures (as shown in figure 2).
TABLE 1 comparison of control times for root-knot nematodes in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 2
As can be seen from the above Table 1, the method of the present invention has a high controlling effect and a long controlling time as compared with the single high temperature greenhouse closing method and chemical controlling method.
Therefore, the effect of the common greenhouse, the multi-span greenhouse and the high-terrain greenhouse treated by the control measure is higher than that of the common control measure, the control efficiency can reach 95 percent, and the plant height of the hot pepper, the number of hot pepper fruits and the fruit type are improved.
Claims (5)
1. A green prevention and control method for greenhouse cultivation of capsicum root knot nematode disease is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) completely removing the roots of the peppers in the soil, and ploughing the soil, wherein the ploughing depth is more than 30 cm;
(2) cutting the dried pepper straws into 2-3cm long, and mixing the pepper straws with 200 kg/mu and 300 kg/mu of rice straws with 2-3cm long, 200 kg/mu and 20-30 kg/mu of chicken manure and 20-30 kg/mu of organic fertilizer to obtain a mixture; ploughing the mixture and soil, and adding water for irrigation;
(3) sealing the ploughed soil with a film;
(4) sealing the greenhouse for 40-50 days, and controlling the temperature at 80-85 ℃;
(5) and after the greenhouse is closed, opening the greenhouse for ventilation.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the organic fertilizer in step (2) is cake fertilizer.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the moisture of the soil after the addition of water in the step (2) is 60%.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein 1500- 2 The working concentration is that the high-efficiency low-toxicity nematicide is spread on the soil surface.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the greenhouse is one of a general greenhouse, a multi-span greenhouse, or a high-terrain greenhouse.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111429559.2A CN115104466A (en) | 2022-06-27 | 2022-06-27 | Green control method for root knot nematode disease of greenhouse-cultivated capsicum |
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| CN202111429559.2A CN115104466A (en) | 2022-06-27 | 2022-06-27 | Green control method for root knot nematode disease of greenhouse-cultivated capsicum |
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104521401A (en) * | 2015-01-30 | 2015-04-22 | 麻城市蔬菜技术推广站 | Returning-to-field treatment technology for green stalks of peppers planted in greenhouse |
| CN108156872A (en) * | 2017-12-14 | 2018-06-15 | 中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 | A kind of method and its application of heliogreenhouse capsicum stubble original position returning to the field |
| CN113099767A (en) * | 2021-05-10 | 2021-07-13 | 江苏沿海地区农业科学研究所 | Soil remediation method for facility continuous cropping production of hot peppers |
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- 2022-06-27 CN CN202111429559.2A patent/CN115104466A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104521401A (en) * | 2015-01-30 | 2015-04-22 | 麻城市蔬菜技术推广站 | Returning-to-field treatment technology for green stalks of peppers planted in greenhouse |
| CN108156872A (en) * | 2017-12-14 | 2018-06-15 | 中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 | A kind of method and its application of heliogreenhouse capsicum stubble original position returning to the field |
| CN113099767A (en) * | 2021-05-10 | 2021-07-13 | 江苏沿海地区农业科学研究所 | Soil remediation method for facility continuous cropping production of hot peppers |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| 戴素英;: "高温闷棚减轻病虫害" * |
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