CN113099767A

CN113099767A - Soil remediation method for facility continuous cropping production of hot peppers

Info

Publication number: CN113099767A
Application number: CN202110505879.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 郑佳秋; 万红建; 吴永成; 王薇薇; 梅燚; 王述彬; 陈长军; 祖艳侠; 刘哲; 沈峰; 张丽娜; 冯汝超
Original assignee: JIANGSU LITTORAL AGRICULTURE SCIENCE RESEARCH INSTITUTE
Current assignee: JIANGSU LITTORAL AGRICULTURE SCIENCE RESEARCH INSTITUTE
Priority date: 2021-05-10
Filing date: 2021-05-10
Publication date: 2021-07-13

Abstract

The invention relates to a soil remediation method for facility continuous cropping production of hot peppers, which comprises the steps of cleaning a field, crushing straws, applying organic fertilizer, applying microbial agent, irrigating a closed shed, drying upturned soil, preparing soil and the like. The invention utilizes the high-temperature and high-humidity external environment of the greenhouse after being irrigated every 6-7 months, combines the characteristic that soil microorganism bacteria can be rapidly propagated under the high-temperature and humid condition, inhibits or kills pathogens and harmful worm eggs in the soil, simultaneously, the soil microorganism bacteria can also fully ferment the crushed pepper straws and farmyard organic fertilizer, generates high-quality organic fertilizer while reducing the clear transportation amount of the greenhouse straws, can activate the soil in a short time to remove hardening, increase beneficial bacteria and clean the soil environment in the soil, promote the development of plant root systems, provide guarantee for continuous high-quality and high-yield of pepper, and solve the defects in the continuous cropping technology of pepper in the prior art.

Description

Soil remediation method for facility continuous cropping production of hot peppers

Technical Field

The invention relates to a soil remediation method for facility continuous cropping production of hot peppers, and belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation.

Background

Pepper (capsicum annuum L.) belongs to the genus capsicum of the family solanaceae, is an important vegetable and seasoning, is also one of the vegetables with the largest planting area in China, accounts for about 3000 ten thousand mu of pepper planting area in the country at present, accounts for more than 12% of vegetable planting area, and plays an important role in guaranteeing annual supply of Chinese vegetables. The protected peppers are large in out-of-season market demand and high in benefit, the cultivation area is enlarged year by year, three protected cultivation modes of long-season cultivation in autumn and winter, early-spring cultivation and late-autumn cultivation are mainly formed, the cultivation area of the protected peppers is enlarged, meanwhile, due to the fact that local regional characteristics are dominant, intensification and large-scale cultivation bases are achieved, the solar greenhouse needed by northern autumn and winter is high in cost and limited in land, and the like, the protected pepper cultivation is difficult to fully rotate for changing the stubble, the survival rate of the transplanted peppers is low due to frequent continuous cropping, plant growth is inhibited, and the phenomenon that the yield and quality are finally reduced due to gradual aggravation of diseases is gradually serious.

The reasons for yield reduction and quality reduction caused by continuous cropping are complicated, important factors are soil biological degradation and plant autotoxicity, and the root is the expression of the comprehensive action of a plurality of factors in two systems of soil and crops. At present, the technologies of disease-resistant varieties, grafted seedlings, soil disinfection, chemical pesticide prevention and control and the like are usually selected by people in the production of the peppers to solve the problems brought by continuous cropping production, but the measures have little effect on the continuous cropping production of the peppers due to the limitations of disease resistance of the disease-resistant varieties, poor effects of soil disinfection and chemical pesticide prevention, high cost, environmental pollution and the like. Rotation is a method which is relatively wide in application and remarkable in effect, but pepper rotation generally can be effective for more than 3 years, and for the characteristics of regionalization, intensification and scale of the current pepper production base, strict rotation production cannot be carried out on pepper production, and continuous cropping planting is inevitable, so that the key for solving the defect of continuous cropping of pepper is how to repair the bad physical properties of soil in a short time, adjust the change of soil microorganisms, and clean the soil environment to ensure the continuous high quality and high yield of crops.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a soil remediation method for continuous cropping production of facility peppers, aiming at the defects of the soil remediation method in facilities in the continuous cropping production of the existing facility pepper base.

Technical scheme

A soil remediation method for facility continuous cropping production of hot peppers comprises the following steps:

(1) cleaning a field: after the previous crop of hot peppers is harvested at the bottom of 5 months, removing the residual fruits on the plants, removing the field mulching films, and unwinding the lifting ropes on the plants;

(2) crushing straws: smashing pepper straws in situ in a facility and returning the pepper straws to the field;

(3) applying an organic fertilizer: uniformly scattering farmyard decomposed organic fertilizer on the surfaces of straws and soil;

(4) applying a microbial agent: uniformly scattering a microbial agent, and then carrying out rotary tillage by using a rotary cultivator;

(5) and (3) irrigating and closing the greenhouse: in late 6 months, after the greenhouse is filled with water, putting down the greenhouse film and closing the ventilation opening, and carrying out greenhouse closing;

(6) sunning upturned soil and preparing soil: after the greenhouse is sealed for 2-3 weeks, opening a ventilation opening of the greenhouse to sunn the upturned soil, spreading compound fertilizer (15-15-15) when the greenhouse can be put into the field, carrying out rotary tillage on the soil, preparing a land, and preparing for planting the next crop of pepper.

Further, in the step (2), the particle size of the crushed pepper straws is less than or equal to 1 cm.

Further, in the step (3), the amount of the farmyard manure is as follows: each 667m²3000-4000 kg of farmyard manure decomposed organic fertilizer is applied.

Further, in the step (4), the amount of the microbial agent is 20-25 kg per mu. The microbial agent is a microbial soil improvement microbial agent and can be purchased in the market. For example, the effective active bacteria number of the straw Tianbao microorganism soil improvement microbial inoculum produced by Shouguanhui Zhitong agricultural science and technology limited company is more than or equal to 10 hundred million/g.

Further, in the step (4), the rotary tillage depth is more than or equal to 20 cm.

Further, in the step (5), the irrigation mode is flood irrigation, and the soil is fully soaked and wet, and the water level on the surface of the soil is preferably less than or equal to 1 cm.

Further, in the step (6), the dosage of the compound fertilizer (15-15-15) is 30 kg-40 kg per mu.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a soil remediation method for facility pepper continuous cropping production, which utilizes high-temperature and high-humidity external environment after watering in a greenhouse for 6-7 months every year, combines the characteristic that soil microorganisms can rapidly propagate under the high-temperature and humid condition, inhibits or kills pathogens and harmful ova in soil, simultaneously fully ferments crushed pepper straws and farmyard organic fertilizer by the soil microorganisms, generates high-quality organic fertilizer while reducing the clear transportation amount of the greenhouse straws, can activate the soil in a short time to remove hardening, increases beneficial bacteria in the soil and cleans the soil environment, promotes the development of plant roots, and provides guarantee for continuous high-quality and high-yield pepper.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments. The following examples are provided to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. In the following examples, the biological agent is a straw treasure microbial agent for soil improvement, which is produced by shou guang hui zhi tong agro-technologies ltd, but not limited thereto.

Example 1

(1) cleaning a field: after the previous batch of hot peppers is harvested within 5 months and 30 days, removing the residual fruits on the plants within 6 months and 1 day, removing the field mulching film, unwinding the lifting ropes on the plants, and finishing the field cleaning within 6 months and 3 days;

(2) crushing straws: the special vegetable straw returning machine for the 6-month-4 daily greenhouse is used for crushing the pepper straws in situ in the facility and returning the crushed straws to the field, wherein the particle size of the crushed straws is less than or equal to 1 cm;

(3) applying an organic fertilizer: 6 months and 5 days, each 667m²Applying 3500kg of fully decomposed chicken manure, and uniformly scattering organic fertilizer on the surfaces of the straws and the soil;

(4) applying a microbial agent: after the organic fertilizer is scattered, uniformly scattering microbial inoculum according to the dosage of 25kg per mu after 6 months and 5 days, and then carrying out rotary tillage by using a rotary cultivator, wherein the rotary tillage depth is 20 cm;

(5) and (3) irrigating and closing the greenhouse: 6 months and 6 days, irrigating water into the shed in a flood irrigation mode, completely soaking the soil, stopping irrigation when the water level is 1cm higher than the water level of the soil surface, putting down a shed film, closing the ventilation opening, and closing the shed;

(6) sunning upturned soil and preparing soil: and (3) closing the greenhouse after 30 days in 6 months, opening ventilation openings of the greenhouse to sun-dry soil, and after 16 days in 7 months, applying 30 kg-40 kg of compound fertilizer (15-15-15) per mu when the greenhouse can be put into the field, and carrying out rotary tillage on the soil to prepare furrows and prepare for the field planting of the next crop of hot pepper.

Planting the Hanfeng first pepper seedlings growing to 6 leaves and one heart on the restored soil according to the plant-row spacing of 50cm multiplied by 60cm, wherein the survival rate of the pepper seedlings reaches 95 percent, and the average yield is 3100 kg/mu; in a facility where a crop of peppers is planted, the invention is not adopted to repair soil, 6-leaf and one-heart Hanfeng No. one pepper seedlings are planted, the survival rate of the pepper seedlings reaches 80%, and the yield is reduced by 15%.

Claims

1. A soil remediation method for facility continuous cropping production of hot peppers is characterized by comprising the following steps:

2. The soil remediation method for greenhouse continuous pepper production as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (2), the pepper straw is crushed to a particle size of 1cm or less.

3. The soil remediation method for continuous cropping production of greenhouse peppers as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the amount of the farmer decomposed organic fertilizer is as follows: each 667m²3000-4000 kg of farmyard manure decomposed organic fertilizer is applied.

4. The method for restoring soil during continuous cropping production of capsicum annuum according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the dosage of the microbial inoculum is 20-25 kg per mu.

5. The soil remediation method for continuous cropping of greenhouse peppers as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the rotary tillage depth is not less than 20 cm.

6. The method for restoring soil during continuous cropping production of capsicum annuum according to the claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the irrigation is performed in a flood irrigation mode, preferably in a mode that the soil is completely soaked and wet and the water level of the surface of the soil is less than or equal to 1 cm.

7. The soil remediation method for continuous cropping production of greenhouse peppers as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein in the step (6), the amount of the compound fertilizer (15-15-15) is 30kg to 40kg per mu.