CN114994105A - Method for measuring height of air hole of submerged-arc welding steel pipe - Google Patents
Method for measuring height of air hole of submerged-arc welding steel pipe Download PDFInfo
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- CN114994105A CN114994105A CN202210462680.3A CN202210462680A CN114994105A CN 114994105 A CN114994105 A CN 114994105A CN 202210462680 A CN202210462680 A CN 202210462680A CN 114994105 A CN114994105 A CN 114994105A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
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- G01N23/18—Investigating the presence of flaws defects or foreign matter
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B15/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electromagnetic waves or particle radiation, e.g. by the use of microwaves, X-rays, gamma rays or electrons
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for measuring the height of a gas hole of a submerged-arc welding steel pipe, which comprises the steps of preparing before measurement; adjusting the measurement software; detecting a steel pipe welding seam and a groove comparison test block by using an X-ray machine, and capturing and acquiring a digital image by using a flat panel detector; calibrating the geometric size of the acquired image; detecting the welding seam of the steel pipe in real time by using an X-ray machine, and recording the digital imaging of the welding seam of the steel pipe in real time by using measurement software; respectively measuring the welding seam of the submerged arc welded steel pipe and the gray level uniform area of the base metal through a software tool, and comparing the gray level value of each groove of the test block with the gray level value of the groove; measuring the maximum gray value of the air hole, and judging whether the air hole is a deep hole or not; and calculating the height of the air hole. The method has high measurement accuracy and provides a basis for evaluating whether the submerged-arc welding air hole is a deep hole. In production and use, the air hole repair cost and the steel pipe end cutting cost can be reduced, the welding quality is improved by an auxiliary production unit, the depth judgment of other defects is improved, and the product quality is ensured. Is suitable for popularization and application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of detection of submerged arc welded steel pipes, in particular to a method for measuring the height of an air hole of a submerged arc welded steel pipe.
Background
Since the pores of the submerged arc welded steel pipe have directionality, the submerged arc welded pipe may leak when the pores are deep in a direction perpendicular to the weld, and therefore, detection and determination of deep hole defects are very important. At present, the detection mode commonly used for detecting the air holes of the submerged-arc welded steel pipe is X-ray detection, the traditional film photographic technology and the digital ray detection technology display two-dimensional images of the air holes, the size of the air holes on a plane can only be measured, and the height perpendicular to the direction of a welding line cannot be measured. The deep hole judgment is to compare the blackness displayed on the film by the air hole with the periphery, the blackness meter is limited by the size of the measuring hole, the fine blackness change can not be accurately measured, and the judgment result is influenced by personal subjectivity. Aiming at the height measurement of the submerged arc welding steel pipe air hole in the direction vertical to the welding seam, the bidirectional inclined ray transillumination is adopted, the irradiation angle is not easy to control, the geometric uncertainty is larger, the measurement data is not accurate enough, and the method is not suitable for the conventional detection method. For this purpose, we propose a method for measuring the height of the air holes of the submerged arc welded steel pipe to solve the above problems.
Chinese patent document CN114137009A describes a method for judging whether a spiral submerged arc welded steel pipe has a pore defect or not, which obtains that when the total length of MnS inclusions in the longitudinal section of a rolled material core is less than 130 μm, the rolled material is not easy to generate the pore defect after the spiral submerged arc welding, and provides a method for judging whether the total length of the MnS inclusions in the longitudinal section of the rolled material core is less than 130 μm or not by using the acid etching surface roughness of a metallographic specimen, when the roughness of the metallographic specimen to be detected is less than the roughness of a standard metallographic specimen, the total length of manganese sulfide inclusions in the metallographic specimen to be detected in the longitudinal section of the rolled material core to be detected is less than 130 μm, and further obtains that the weld of the rolled material to be detected does not have the pore defect; the method can obtain whether the air hole defect is easy to occur or not without performing X-ray flaw detection on the welding seam after the rolled stock is welded, has the advantages of simplicity, rapidness, low cost and high accuracy, and is suitable for enterprises with simple and crude production equipment such as steel making, continuous casting and the like. However, the method is complex to operate, needs more auxiliary materials, is not suitable for a detection production line of a large amount of submerged arc welding, is not suitable for detecting the air holes of the submerged arc welding steel pipes on a large-scale production line, has defects in use, and needs to be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for measuring the height of an air hole of a submerged-arc welding steel pipe, which solves the problems that the traditional submerged-arc welding steel pipe can only measure the size of the air hole on a plane and cannot measure the height vertical to the direction of a welding seam because the detection of the air hole is a two-dimensional image; the deep hole judgment is to compare the blackness displayed on the film by the air hole with the periphery, and the blackness meter is limited by the size of the measuring hole, so that the fine blackness change can not be accurately measured, and the judgment result is influenced by personal subjectivity.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a method for measuring the height of a gas hole of a submerged-arc welding steel pipe comprises the following steps:
s1, preparation before measurement: determining a detection system, determining the specification of a steel pipe and determining transillumination parameters;
s2, adjusting the measurement software: setting the frame overlapping times and frame rate of a flat panel detector, and respectively carrying out offset correction, gain correction and file storage format on the flat panel;
s3, static detection, obtaining the steel pipe welding seam and groove comparison test block image: detecting a steel pipe welding seam and a groove comparison test block by using an X-ray machine, and capturing and acquiring a digital image by using a flat panel detector;
s4, calibrating the geometric size of the image acquired in S3: converting the image pixels into actual geometric dimensions;
s5, detecting the weld joint of the steel pipe in real time by using an X-ray machine, and recording the digital imaging of the weld joint of the steel pipe in real time by using measurement software;
s6, measuring gray value: changing the gray scale range of image display through a software tool to achieve the best effect of human eye identification, respectively measuring the welding seam of the submerged arc welding steel pipe and the gray scale uniform area of the base material, and comparing the gray scale value of each groove of the test block by the groove;
s7, measuring the maximum gray value of the air hole, and judging whether the air hole is a deep hole; and calculating the height of the air hole.
In a preferred embodiment, the groove reference block in S3 is provided with a plurality of grooves, and the depth of the grooves increases from one end of the groove reference block to the other end thereof.
In a preferred embodiment, in step S3, when performing static detection to obtain the images of the weld of the steel pipe and the groove contrast block, the groove contrast block is located at one side of the weld of the steel pipe, the detection position of the weld of the steel pipe is adjusted to the central area of the detector, the X-ray passes through the submerged arc welded steel pipe to image on the flat panel detector in real time, and the digital image is obtained by using the software static image capturing function.
In a preferred embodiment, the geometric dimension calibration method in S4 is as follows: collecting the groove contrast test block image, measuring the pixel number of the test block image size by software, calculating the geometric factor, and calibrating the geometric size.
In the preferred scheme, the maximum gray value of the air hole is measured in S7, and whether the air hole is a deep hole is judged: and measuring the maximum gray value of the air hole through a software tool, substituting the gray value into a formula to calculate the obtained height value, and determining the air hole as a deep hole when the gray value is greater than or equal to the gray value of the groove with the maximum depth of the groove contrast test block.
In a preferred embodiment, the maximum trench depth is the height of the air holes that are allowed.
In a preferred embodiment, the method for the height of the air holes in S7 is as follows:
a1: calculating the contrast gray scale of the pore defects: g Qi (Qi) -G Female -0.434u γ Δ T/(1+ n) formula (1);
a2: calculating the contrast gray scale of the groove test block: g t1 -G t2 ＝-0.434uγ(T 1 -T 2 ) /(1+ n) formula (2);
a3: calculating the height H of the air hole: the air hole height H is the ratio of the air hole defect contrast gray scale to the groove test block contrast gray scale, and the formula (1) is divided by the formula (2) and is arranged:
H＝(G qi (Qi) -G Female )·(T 1 -T 2 )/(G t1 -G t2 ) Formula (3);
in the formula, the height is H, the thickness difference with the base material is delta T, the average gray level at the base material is G mother, the maximum gray level at the air hole is G gas, the gray levels of any two grooves on the groove test block are Gt1 and Gt2, the depths are T1 and T2, and the u, gamma and n in the transillumination area are the same.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the shape and the number of the air holes of the submerged arc welding steel pipe can be visually obtained through digital images, the geometric dimension is calibrated through software, and the plane dimension can be accurately measured. By adopting the groove comparison test block, the corresponding relation between the gray level and the defect height is measured by software, and whether the air hole is a deep hole or not is determined.
The invention adopts the technical scheme of an X-ray digital imaging detection method and a groove comparison test block, and can accurately measure the depth of the air hole. According to the method, digital imaging acquired by measurement software is adopted, so that acquired air hole images can be zoomed, and the accuracy of measuring the height of the air holes of the submerged-arc welded steel pipe is further improved. The X-ray irradiation of the traditional technology is used for imaging the air hole on a blackness meter, the blackness meter is limited by the size of a measuring hole, fine blackness change cannot be accurately measured, and a judgment result is influenced by personal subjectivity; meanwhile, evaluation of the blackness meter requires deeper nondestructive testing qualification, and workers with higher nondestructive testing grade certificates need long-time practical operation and study culture.
The invention can make up the inconsistency that human eyes subjectively think that the blackness is larger than the base metal, accurately calculate the height of the air hole of the submerged arc welding steel pipe, judge whether the submerged arc welding steel pipe is a deep hole or not and determine the severity of the submerged arc welding steel pipe. The method has the advantages that limitation of the size of the defect of the ray detection plane is made up, whether the air hole in the submerged arc welding steel pipe is a deep hole or not is accurately judged, and reliable basis is provided for ray detection personnel to judge inconsistency. The method has high measurement accuracy and provides a basis for evaluating whether the submerged-arc welding air hole is a deep hole. In production and use, the repair cost of air holes and the cutting cost of the end of a steel pipe can be reduced, a production unit is assisted to improve welding quality, whether the performance of a digital imaging system and adopted ray detection process parameters meet standard requirements or not is verified, the depth judgment of other defects is improved, and the product quality is ensured. Is suitable for popularization and application.
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The invention is further explained below with reference to the figures and examples;
FIG. 1 is a front view of a grooved reference block of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of a trench comparison block of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the X-ray digital imaging pore grayscale measurement of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a digital image of a steel pipe weld and a trench reference block captured by the flat panel detector of the present invention;
Detailed Description
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1-4, the technical scheme of the X-ray digital imaging detection method and the trench contrast block is adopted. The steps are preparation before measurement: determining a detection system, determining the specification of the steel pipe, determining transillumination parameters, and adjusting measurement software: setting the frame overlapping times and frame rate of a flat panel detector, and respectively carrying out offset correction, gain correction and file storage format on the flat panel; before detecting the submerged-arc welded steel pipe by X-ray, setting transillumination parameters according to a process card, measuring the actual wall thickness and the weld reinforcement at the pipe end part of the steel pipe by adopting a wall thickness micrometer, placing a self-made groove comparison test block on a base metal with 2-5mm on one side of a detected weld, wherein the maximum groove depth is the height of an allowed air hole.
Static detection, obtaining the steel pipe welding seam and the groove comparison test block image: detecting a steel pipe welding seam and a groove contrast test block by using an X-ray machine, capturing by a flat panel detector to obtain a digital image, performing static detection, wherein when the images of the steel pipe welding seam and the groove contrast test block are obtained, the groove contrast test block is positioned on one side of the steel pipe welding seam, the detection part of the steel pipe welding seam is adjusted to the central area of the detector, the X-ray penetrates through a submerged arc welding steel pipe to perform real-time imaging on the flat panel detector, and the digital image is obtained by using a software static image capturing function. Calibrating the geometric size of the acquired image: and converting image pixels into actual geometric dimensions, acquiring a groove contrast test block image, measuring the size of the test block image by software to obtain the number of pixels, and calculating the geometric factor.
And (3) detecting the weld joint of the steel pipe in real time by using an X-ray machine, and recording the digital imaging of the weld joint of the steel pipe in real time by using measurement software. The gray scale range displayed by the image is changed through a software tool, the best effect of human eye identification is achieved, the welding seam of the submerged arc welding steel pipe and the gray scale uniform area of the base metal are measured respectively, and the groove contrasts the gray scale value of each groove of the test block.
Measuring the maximum gray value of the air hole, and judging whether the air hole is a deep hole or not; and calculating the height of the air hole. Detecting the welding seam of the submerged-arc welding steel pipe by adopting X-ray digital imaging, measuring the maximum gray value of the air hole through a software tool, substituting the gray value into a formula to calculate the obtained height value, and determining the deep hole when the gray value is larger than or equal to the gray value of the maximum groove.
According to the film contrast formula, the height of the air hole is H, the thickness difference with the base material is Delta T, and the average gray scale at the base material is G Female The maximum gray level at the air hole is G Qi (Qi) The gray scale of any two grooves on the groove test block is G t1 And G t2 Depth of T 1 And T 2 And the u, the gamma and the n in the transillumination area are the same.
Through G Qi (Qi) -G Female -0.434u γ Δ T/(1+ n) formula (1)
G t1 -G t2 ＝-0.434uγ(T 1 -T 2 ) /(1+ n) formula (2)
Dividing formula (1) by formula (2) and arranging:
H＝(G qi (Qi) -G Female )·(T 1 -T 2 )/(G t1 -G t2 ) Formula (3);
the height of the air hole can be calculated through the formula (3), the gray scale is in direct proportion to the logarithm of the exposure, the gray scale value of each pixel can be measured through software, and the slight difference of gray scale change can be accurately measured.
The above-described embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the claims, and includes equivalents of technical features described in the claims. I.e., equivalent alterations and modifications within the scope hereof, are also intended to be within the scope of this invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for measuring the height of an air hole of a submerged-arc welding steel pipe is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, preparation before measurement: determining a detection system, determining the specification of a steel pipe and determining transillumination parameters;
s2, adjusting the measurement software: setting the frame overlapping times and frame rate of a flat panel detector, and respectively carrying out offset correction, gain correction and file storage format on the flat panel;
s3, static detection, obtaining the steel pipe welding seam and groove comparison test block image: detecting a steel pipe welding seam and a groove comparison test block by using an X-ray machine, and capturing and acquiring a digital image by using a flat panel detector;
s4, calibrating the geometric size of the image acquired in S3: converting the image pixels into actual geometric dimensions;
s5, detecting the weld joint of the steel pipe in real time by using an X-ray machine, and recording the digital imaging of the weld joint of the steel pipe in real time by using measurement software;
s6, measuring gray value: changing the gray scale range of image display through a software tool to achieve the best effect of human eye identification, respectively measuring the welding seam of the submerged arc welding steel pipe and the gray scale uniform area of the base material, and comparing the gray scale value of each groove of the test block by the groove;
s7, measuring the maximum gray value of the air hole, and judging whether the air hole is a deep hole; and calculating the height of the air hole.
2. The method for measuring the height of the air hole of the submerged arc welded steel pipe as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the groove reference block in the S3 is provided with a plurality of grooves, and the depth of the grooves increases from one end of the groove reference block to the other end thereof.
3. The method for measuring the height of the air hole of the submerged arc welded steel pipe as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step S3, performing static detection, when obtaining the image of the weld of the steel pipe and the groove contrast block, the groove contrast block is located at one side of the weld of the steel pipe, the detection position of the weld of the steel pipe is adjusted to the central area of the detector, the X-ray passes through the submerged arc welded steel pipe to image on the flat panel detector in real time, and the software static image capturing function is used to obtain the digital image.
4. The method for measuring the height of the air hole of the submerged arc welded steel pipe as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the method for calibrating the geometric dimension in S4 is as follows: collecting the groove contrast test block image, measuring the pixel number of the test block image size by software, calculating the geometric factor, and calibrating the geometric size.
5. The method for measuring the height of the air hole of the submerged arc welded steel pipe as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: measuring the maximum gray value of the air hole in S7, and judging whether the air hole is a deep hole: and measuring the maximum gray value of the air hole through a software tool, substituting the gray value into a formula to calculate the obtained height value, and determining the air hole as a deep hole when the gray value is greater than or equal to the gray value of the groove with the maximum depth of the groove contrast test block.
6. The method for measuring the height of the air hole of the submerged arc welded steel pipe as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the maximum trench depth is the height of the air holes that are allowed to exist.
7. The method for measuring the height of the air hole of the submerged arc welded steel pipe as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the method for the height of the air holes in the S7 comprises the following steps:
a1: calculating the contrast gray scale of the pore defects: g Qi (Qi) -G Female -0.434u γ Δ T/(1+ n) formula (1);
a2: calculating the contrast gray scale of the groove test block: g t1 -G t2 ＝-0.434uγ(T 1 -T 2 ) /(1+ n) formula (2);
a3: calculating the height H of the air hole: the air hole height H is the ratio of the air hole defect contrast gray scale to the groove test block contrast gray scale, and the formula (1) is divided by the formula (2) and is arranged:
H＝(G qi (Qi) -G Female )·(T 1 -T 2 )/(G t1 -G t2 ) Formula (3);
in the formula, the height is H, the thickness difference with the base material is delta T, the average gray level at the base material is G mother, the maximum gray level at the air hole is G gas, the gray levels of any two grooves on the groove test block are Gt1 and Gt2, the depths are T1 and T2, and the u, gamma and n in the transillumination area are the same.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115937204A (en) * | 2023-01-09 | 2023-04-07 | 江苏惠汕新能源集团有限公司 | Welded pipe production quality detection method |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115937204A (en) * | 2023-01-09 | 2023-04-07 | 江苏惠汕新能源集团有限公司 | Welded pipe production quality detection method |
| CN115937204B (en) * | 2023-01-09 | 2023-05-02 | 江苏惠汕新能源集团有限公司 | Welded pipe production quality detection method |
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