CN114989598A - 用来形成生物可降解的植栽生长泡棉的组成物及生物可降解的植栽生长泡棉 - Google Patents
用来形成生物可降解的植栽生长泡棉的组成物及生物可降解的植栽生长泡棉 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114989598A CN114989598A CN202111522427.4A CN202111522427A CN114989598A CN 114989598 A CN114989598 A CN 114989598A CN 202111522427 A CN202111522427 A CN 202111522427A CN 114989598 A CN114989598 A CN 114989598A
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Abstract
本发明提供一种用来形成生物可降解的植栽生长泡棉的组成物及生物可降解的植栽生长泡棉。所述用来形成生物可降解的植栽生长泡棉的组成物包含植物油系多元醇、脂肪族异氰酸酯、烷基聚葡糖苷、包括水性碳酸金属盐溶液的发泡剂，及生物质。以所述植物油系多元醇的量为100重量份计，所述脂肪族异氰酸酯的含量范围为20重量份至75重量份；所述烷基聚葡糖苷的含量范围为2重量份至27重量份；所述水性碳酸金属盐溶液的含量范围为1重量份至6重量份；所述生物质的含量为20重量份以上。所述生物可降解的植栽生长泡棉由上述用来形成生物可降解的植栽生长泡棉的组成物所制备。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种泡棉，特别涉及一种有关于生物可降解的植栽生长泡棉及用于形成生物可降解的植栽生长泡棉的组成物。
背景技术
聚氨酯泡棉是将二异氰酸酯或多异氰酸酯与多元醇反应而得，通常在催化剂、有机硅表面活性剂和其他辅助剂的存在下进行。聚氨酯泡棉具有大量应用，包括：寝具用垫(如床垫和顶垫)、地毯衬垫、各种用途的垫圈、纺织粘合材料、用于植物营养、成长和支撑的植栽生长介质，以及能源吸收材料。然而，聚氨酯泡棉不易生物降解，且无法经由堆肥过程被分解，进而污染水与环境。
中国专利公开第110964161A号公开了一种生物基亲水泡棉。该生物基亲水泡绵由组成物A和组成物B配制而成。所述组成物A包含45至60重量份的生物基多元醇I、10至30重量份的生物基多元醇II、10至20重量份的生物基多元醇III、0至10重量份的活性物质、0.5至2重量份的硅烷、0.2至0.7重量份的胺类催化剂、1.5至5重量份的水。所述组成物B包含26至42重量份的生物基异氰酸酯。所述胺类催化剂为三亚乙基二胺(triethylenediamine)或延迟性催化剂。
中国专利公开第102276782A号公开了一种天然植物油基植栽生长泡棉，且所述天然植物油基植栽生长泡棉由组成物和异氰酸酯制成。所述组成物包含：100重量份的复合多元醇、0至8重量份的交联剂或扩链剂、0至3重量份的复合催化剂、0至4重量份的泡沫稳定剂、0.2至10重量份的发泡剂，以及0至50重量份的填料。所述复合催化剂为双(2-甲氨基乙基)醚、五甲基二亚乙基三胺、N,N’-二甲基环己胺或三亚乙基二胺。所述泡沫稳定剂为有机硅表面活性剂，如NiaxTMSilicone L-580、
B 8681与
B8444。
尽管已有上述的泡棉，仍然需要开发一种对环境友善的生物可降解的植栽生长泡棉，且所述生物可降解的植栽生长泡棉不含对环境有害的刺激性胺类催化剂与硅油。
发明内容
本发明提供一种用于形成生物可降解的植栽生长泡棉的组成物。
所述用于形成生物可降解的植栽生长泡棉的组成物，包含植物油系多元醇、脂肪族异氰酸酯、烷基聚葡糖苷(APG)、发泡剂及生物质。所述发泡剂包括水性碳酸金属盐溶液。以所述植物油系多元醇的量为100重量份计，所述脂肪族异氰酸酯的含量范围为20重量份至75重量份、所述烷基聚葡糖苷的含量范围为2重量份至27重量份、所述水性碳酸金属盐溶液的含量范围为1重量份至6重量份，及所述生物质的含量为20重量份以上。
在本发明用于形成生物可降解的植栽生长泡棉的组成物中，所述植物油系多元醇可选自于大豆油系多元醇、棕榈油系多元醇、蓖麻油系多元醇，或上述任意的组合。
在本发明用于形成生物可降解的植栽生长泡棉的组成物中，所述植物油系多元醇的重量平均分子量范围为600g/mole至7000g/mole。
在本发明用于形成生物可降解的植栽生长泡棉的组成物中，所述脂肪族异氰酸酯可选自于1,4-丁二异氰酸酯(BDI)、1,6-六甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)、2,2,4-三甲基-1,6-二甲基二异氰酸酯(TMDI)、乙基2,6-二异氰酸己酸酯(ELDI)、甲基2,6-二异氰酸己酸酯(MLDI)、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、1,4-环己烷二异氰酸酯(CHDI)，或上述任意的组合。
在本发明用于形成生物可降解的植栽生长泡棉的组成物中，所述水性碳酸金属盐溶液包括碳酸金属盐及水，且所述碳酸金属盐与水的重量比例范围为1：100至50：100。
在本发明用于形成生物可降解的植栽生长泡棉的组成物中，以所述植物油系多元醇的量为100重量份计，所述生物质的含量范围可能为50重量份至150重量份。
在本发明用于形成生物可降解的植栽生长泡棉的组成物中，所述生物质可选自于咖啡粉、蛋壳、绿豆渣、大豆渣、茶粉、多用途堆肥、椰壳，或上述任意的组合。
在本发明用于形成生物可降解的植栽生长泡棉的组成物中，所述用于形成生物可降解的植栽生长泡棉的组成物还包含尿素。
在本发明用于形成生物可降解的植栽生长泡棉的组成物中，以所述植物油系多元醇的量为100重量份计，所述尿素的含量范围可能为0.1重量份至6重量份。
在本发明用于形成生物可降解的植栽生长泡棉的组成物中，所述用于形成生物可降解的植栽生长泡棉的组成物还包含交联剂。
在本发明用于形成生物可降解的植栽生长泡棉的组成物中，以所述植物油系多元醇的量为100重量份计，所述交联剂的含量范围为0.1重量份至12重量份。
在本发明用于形成生物可降解的植栽生长泡棉的组成物中，所述交联剂可选自于甘油、聚甘油、乙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、二乙二醇、二丙二醇、三羟基丙烷、聚三羟甲基丙烷，或上述任意的组合。
本发明提供一种生物可降解的植栽生长泡棉。
所述生物可降解的植栽生长泡棉由上述用于形成生物可降解的植栽生长泡棉的组成物所制备。
具体实施方式
要被了解的是：若有任何一件前申请刊物在此被引述，该前申请刊物不构成一个下述承认：在中国或任何其他国家中，该前申请刊物形成本领域中的常见一般知识的一部分。
为了本说明书的目的，将被清楚地了解的是：术语“包含有(comprising)”意指“包含但不限于”，以及术语“包括(comprises)”具有一对应的意义。除非另外有所定义，在本文中所使用的所有技术性与科学术语具有本领域技术人员所共同了解的意义。一本领域技术人员会认知到许多与那些被描述于本文中者相似或等效的方法和材料，它们可被用于实施本发明。当然，本发明绝不受到所描述的方法和材料的限制。
就本说明书和所附权利要求而言，除非另有说明，否则在说明书和权利要求中使用的所有表示数量、大小、尺寸、比例、形状、配方、参数、百分比、数量、特性和其他数值的数字均应理解为在所有情况下都被术语“约”修饰，即使术语“约”可能未与值、量或范围一起明确出现。因此，除非有相反的指示，在以下说明书和所附权利要求中阐述的数值参数不是也不必是精确的，而是可以根据需要为近似的和/或更大或更小、反映公差、换算因数、四舍五入、测量误差等，以及本领域技术人员已知的其他因素，这取决于当前公开的主题寻求获得的期望特性。例如，术语“约”在提及值时可以意味着涵盖以下变化：在某些方面±100％，在某些方面±50％，在某些方面±20％，在某些方面±10％，在某些方面±5％，在某些方面±1％，在某些方面±0.5％，在某些方面±0.1％，因为这样的变化适合于执行所公开的方法或使用所公开的组成物。
如本文所用，术语“生物可降解的”与“可堆肥的”可互换使用，指任何有机材料、组成物、化合物或聚合物，它们可以被活的有机体(例如微生物)分解成有机物质或堆肥。
本发明提供一种用于形成生物可降解的植栽生长泡棉的组成物包含植物油系多元醇、脂肪族异氰酸酯、烷基聚葡糖苷(APG)、发泡剂，及生物质。所述发泡剂包括水性碳酸金属盐溶液。以所述植物油系多元醇的量为100重量份计，所述脂肪族异氰酸酯的含量范围为20重量份至75重量份、所述烷基聚葡糖苷的含量范围为2重量份至27重量份、所述水性碳酸金属盐溶液的含量范围为1重量份至6重量份，及所述生物质的含量为20重量份以上。
在本发明的一些实施态样中，所述植物油系多元醇选自于大豆油系多元醇、棕榈油系多元醇、蓖麻油系多元醇，或上述任意的组合。
在本发明的一些实施态样中，所述植物油系多元醇的重量平均分子量范围为600g/mole至7000g/mole。
在本发明的一些实施态样中，所述脂肪族异氰酸酯选自于1,4-丁二异氰酸酯(BDI)、1,6-六甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)、2,2,4-三甲基-1,6-二甲基二异氰酸酯(TMDI)、乙基2,6-二异氰酸己酸酯(ELDI)、甲基2,6-二异氰酸己酸酯(MLDI)、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、1,4-环己烷二异氰酸酯(CHDI)，或上述任意的组合。在本发明的实施例中，所述脂肪族异氰酸酯为1,6-六甲基二异氰酸酯。
在本发明的一些实施态样中，以所述植物油系多元醇的量为100重量份计，该烷基聚葡糖苷的含量范围为4重量份至9重量份。
在本发明的一些实施态样中，所述烷基聚葡糖苷选自于椰油基葡糖苷、癸基/辛基葡糖多苷、月桂基葡糖苷、癸基葡糖苷，或上述任意的组合。所述癸基/辛基葡糖多苷例如(
810UP)。所述月桂基葡糖苷例如
1200UP。所述癸基葡糖苷例如
2000UP。在本发明的实施例中，所述烷基聚葡糖苷为癸基葡糖苷。
在本发明的一些实施态样中，所述水性碳酸金属盐溶液包括碳酸金属盐及水，且所述碳酸金属盐与水的重量比例范围为1：100至50：100。
在本发明的一些实施态样中，所述碳酸金属盐选自于碳酸钾、碳酸钠，或上述任意的组合。
在本发明的一些实施态样中，以所述植物油系多元醇的量为100重量份计，所述生物质的含量范围可能为50重量份至150重量份。
在本发明的一些实施态样中，所述生物质选自于咖啡粉、蛋壳、绿豆渣、大豆渣、茶粉、多用途堆肥、椰壳，或上述任意的组合。在本发明的实施例中，所述生物质为咖啡粉。
在本发明的一些实施态样中，所述用于形成生物可降解的植栽生长泡棉的组成物还包含尿素。在本发明的一些实施态样中，以所述植物油系多元醇的量为100重量份计，所述尿素的含量范围可能为0.1重量份至6重量份。
在本发明的一些实施态样中，所述用于形成生物可降解的植栽生长泡棉的组成物还包含交联剂。在本发明的一些实施态样中，以所述植物油系多元醇的量为100重量份计，所述交联剂的含量范围为0.1重量份至12重量份。在本发明的一些实施态样中，所述交联剂选自于甘油、聚甘油、乙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、二乙二醇、二丙二醇、三羟基丙烷、聚三羟甲基丙烷，或上述任意的组合。
本发明生物可降解的植栽生长泡棉由上述的用于形成生物可降解的植栽生长泡棉的组成物所制备。
本发明将就以下实施例作进一步说明，但应了解的是，所述实施例仅为例示说明用，而不应被解释为本发明实施的限制。
实施例1：
将100重量份(以下简称“pbw”)大豆油系聚醚多元醇(HM-10100，HairmaChemicals(Gz)Co.,Ltd)[官能度(functionality)：4.5；重量平均分子量：2500g/mole]、51.57pbw 1,6-六甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)、6.26pbw水溶液(水、尿素和碳酸钾(K2CO3)的重量比为100:100:8.67)、6pbw烷基聚葡糖苷(APG)(
2000UP,BASFPersonal Care and Nutrition GmbH)和100pbw咖啡粉混合均匀，然后在25℃的温度下以2000转/分的速度搅拌60秒，以形成乳化混合物。将所述乳化混合物倒入容器中，使其进行约130分钟的发泡反应以获得发泡混合物。将所述发泡混合物在室温下固化72小时，得到实施例1的泡棉材料。
实施例2：
将100pbw大豆油系聚醚多元醇(HM-10100，Hairma Chemicals(Gz)Co.,Ltd)(官能度：4.5；重量平均分子量：2500g/mole)、51.47pbw HDI、0.2pbw甘油(作为交联剂)、4.5pbwK2CO3水溶液(做为发泡剂，水和K2CO3的重量比为100:12.5)、7pbw烷基聚葡糖苷(APG)(
2000UP,BASF Personal Care and Nutrition GmbH)、68pbw咖啡粉和32pbw椰壳混合均匀，然后在25℃的温度下以2000转/分的速度搅拌60秒，以形成乳化混合物。将所述乳化混合物倒入容器中，使其进行约115分钟的发泡反应以获得发泡混合物。将所述发泡混合物在室温下固化72小时，得到实施例2的泡棉材料。
比较例1：
将100pbw大豆油系聚醚多元醇(HM-10100，Hairma Chemicals(Gz)Co.,Ltd)(官能度：4.5；重量平均分子量：2500g/mole)、44.05pbw HDI、0.2pbw胺类催化剂(Niax*CatalystA-33，Momentive Performance Materials Inc.)、6pbw烷基聚葡糖苷(APG)(
2000UP,BASF Personal Care and Nutrition GmbH)和3pbw水混合均匀，然后在25℃的温度下以2000转/分的速度搅拌60秒，以形成乳化混合物。使所述乳化混合物倒入容器中，使其进行约130分钟的发泡反应以获得发泡混合物。将所述发泡混合物在室温下固化72小时，得到比较例1的泡棉材料。观察到上述获得的泡棉材料会变形与塌陷。
比较例2：
将100pbw大豆油系聚醚多元醇(HM-10100，Hairma Chemicals(Gz)Co.,Ltd)(官能度：4.5；重量平均分子量：2500g/mole)、52.34pbw HDI、3pbw甘油(作为交联剂)、6.12pbw水溶液(水、尿素和K2CO3的重量比为100:100:4)和0.6pbw硅油(
B 8474)混合均匀，然后在25℃的温度下以2000转/分的速度搅拌60秒，以形成乳化混合物。将所述乳化混合物倒入容器中，使其进行约99分钟的发泡反应以获得发泡混合物。将所述发泡混合物在室温下固化72小时。观察到上述获得的泡棉材料为高密度固体块状物。
比较例3：
将100pbw大豆油系聚醚多元醇(HM-10100，Hairma Chemicals(Gz)Co.,Ltd)(官能度：4.5；重量平均分子量：2500g/mole)、51.56pbw HDI、6pbw尿素水溶液(水和尿素的重量比为1:1)和6pbw烷基聚葡糖苷(APG)(
2000UP,BASF Personal Careand Nutrition GmbH)混合均匀，然后在25℃的温度下以2000转/分的速度搅拌60秒，以形成乳化混合物。使所述乳化混合物倒入容器中，使其进行约130分钟的发泡反应以获得发泡混合物。将所述发泡混合物在室温下固化72小时，得到比较例3的泡棉材料。观察到上述获得的泡棉材料会变形与塌陷。
比较例4：
将100pbw大豆油系聚醚多元醇(HM-10100，Hairma Chemicals(Gz)Co.,Ltd)(官能度：4.5；重量平均分子量：2500g/mole)、38.42pbw HDI、0.2pbw胺类催化剂(Niax*CatalystA-33，Momentive Performance Materials Inc.)、0.6pbw硅油(
B 8474)和3pbw水混合均匀，然后在25℃的温度下以2000转/分的速度搅拌60秒，以形成乳化混合物。使所述乳化混合物倒入容器中，使其进行约130分钟的发泡反应以获得发泡混合物。将所述发泡混合物在室温下固化72小时，得到比较例4的泡棉材料。观察到上述获得的泡棉材料会变形与塌陷。
制备实施例1和2以及比较例1至4的泡棉材料的成分及其量总结在下表1中。
表1
性质评估:
A.生物质含量的测定
根据ASTM D6866(2021年版)，测量实施例1和2以及比较例1至4的泡棉材料中生物基碳-14(14C)和总有机碳的量。使用下述公式(I)计算生物质含量(％):
A＝B/C (I)
其中A＝生物质含量(％)
B＝各泡棉材料的生物基14C量(g)
C＝各泡棉材料的总有机碳量(g)
B.生物降解试验
将实施例1、2和比较例2的泡棉材料分别埋入20cm深度的土壤中，其环境温度大于25℃。6个月后，取出每种泡棉材料并测量重量损失。使用下述公式(II)计算生物降解率(％):
D＝(E-F)/E (II)
其中D＝生物降解率(％)
E＝试验前实施例1、2或比较例2的泡棉材料的重量(g)
F＝试验后实施例1、2或比较例2的泡棉材料的重量(g)
结论:
性质评估的结果如表2所示。从表2中可以看出，实施例1和2的泡棉材料中测定的生物质含量高于比较例1至4的泡棉材料中测定的生物质含量。此外，实施例1和2的泡棉材料中测定的生物降解率明显高于比较例2的泡棉材料中测定的生物降解率。这些结果表示本发明的泡棉材料是生物可降解的且可自然分解，因此它不存在环境问题，可以作为植栽生长与支撑的介质。
表2
| 生物质含量(％) | 生物降解率(％) | |
| 实施例1 | 81 | 75 |
| 实施例2 | 81 | 71 |
| 比较例1 | 71 | 无法量测* |
| 比较例2 | 67 | 33 |
| 比较例3 | 68 | 无法量测* |
| 比较例4 | 73 | 无法量测* |
*:因为变形与塌陷。
在上面的说明中，为了说明的目的，许多具体细节已被描述以供彻底了解具体例。然而，对于本领域技术人员而言将会明显的是，一个或多个其他具体例可在没有这些具体细节中的部分者而被实施。也应被了解的是，本说明书通篇所提及的“一个具体例(oneembodiment)”、“一具体例(an embodiment)”，一带有序号标示的具体例等等意指一特定的特征、结构或特性可被包括在本发明的实施中。在说明中应被进一步了解的是，为了精简本发明并有助于理解各种不同的发明方面的目的，各种不同的特征有时被集合在一个单一的具体例、图式或其说明中，在实施本发明时，若适当，来自于一个具体例的一个或多个特征或具体细节可与来自于另一个具体例的一个或多个特征或具体细节一起被实施。
Claims (13)
1.一种用来形成生物可降解的植栽生长泡棉的组成物，其特征在于包含：
植物油系多元醇；
脂肪族异氰酸酯；
烷基聚葡糖苷；
发泡剂，包括水性碳酸金属盐溶液；及
生物质；
以所述植物油系多元醇的量为100重量份计，所述脂肪族异氰酸酯的含量范围为20重量份至75重量份；所述烷基聚葡糖苷的含量范围为2重量份至27重量份；所述水性碳酸金属盐溶液的含量范围为1重量份至6重量份；及所述生物质的含量为20重量份以上。
2.根据权利要求1所述用来形成生物可降解的植栽生长泡棉的组成物，其特征在于：所述植物油系多元醇选自于大豆油系多元醇、棕榈油系多元醇、蓖麻油系多元醇，或上述任意的组合。
3.根据权利要求1或2中所述用来形成生物可降解的植栽生长泡棉的组成物，其特征在于：所述植物油系多元醇的重量平均分子量范围为600g/mole至7000g/mole。
4.根据权利要求1所述用来形成生物可降解的植栽生长泡棉的组成物，其特征在于：所述脂肪族异氰酸酯选自于1,4-丁二异氰酸酯、1,6-六甲基二异氰酸酯、2,2,4-三甲基-1,6-二甲基二异氰酸酯、乙基2,6-二异氰酸己酸酯、甲基2,6-二异氰酸己酸酯、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、1,4-环己烷二异氰酸酯，或上述任意的组合。
5.根据权利要求1所述用来形成生物可降解的植栽生长泡棉的组成物，其特征在于：所述水性碳酸金属盐溶液包括碳酸金属盐及水，且所述碳酸金属盐与水的重量比例范围为1：100至50：100。
6.根据权利要求1所述用来形成生物可降解的植栽生长泡棉的组成物，其特征在于：以所述植物油系多元醇的量为100重量份计，所述生物质的含量范围为50重量份至150重量份。
7.根据权利要求1所述用来形成生物可降解的植栽生长泡棉的组成物，其特征在于：所述生物质选自于咖啡粉、蛋壳、绿豆渣、大豆渣、茶粉、多用途堆肥、椰壳，或上述任意的组合。
8.根据权利要求1所述用来形成生物可降解的植栽生长泡棉的组成物，其特征在于：所述用来形成生物可降解的植栽生长泡棉的组成物还包含尿素。
9.根据权利要求8所述用来形成生物可降解的植栽生长泡棉的组成物，其特征在于：以所述植物油系多元醇的量为100重量份计，所述尿素的含量范围为0.1重量份至6重量份。
10.根据权利要求9所述的用来形成生物可降解的植栽生长泡棉的组成物，其特征在于：所述用来形成生物可降解的植栽生长泡棉的组成物还包含交联剂。
11.根据权利要求10所述的用来形成生物可降解的植栽生长泡棉的组成物，其特征在于：以所述植物油系多元醇的量为100重量份计，所述交联剂的含量范围为0.1重量份至12重量份。
12.根据权利要求10所述的用来形成生物可降解的植栽生长泡棉的组成物，其特征在于：所述交联剂选自于甘油、聚甘油、乙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、二乙二醇、二丙二醇、三羟基丙烷、聚三羟甲基丙烷，或上述任意的组合。
13.一种生物可降解的植栽生长泡棉，由权利要求1至12中任一项所述用来形成生物可降解的植栽生长泡棉的组成物所制备。
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