CN114938751A - High-survival-rate short-period intensive seedling raising method for quercus variabilis - Google Patents
High-survival-rate short-period intensive seedling raising method for quercus variabilis Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/02—Germinating apparatus; Determining germination capacity of seeds or the like
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of plant propagation and cultivation, in particular to a high-survival-rate short-period intensive seedling raising method for quercus variabilis, which comprises the following steps: s1: building a seedling raising facility; s2: selecting a seedling stage; s3: sorting and treating seeds; s4: carrying out seed germination acceleration on the selected excellent seeds; s5: preparing a seedling culture formula substrate; s6: intensively preparing a non-woven fabric light substrate container; s7: planting seeds after germination acceleration; s8: and (5) managing after planting. By adopting the method disclosed by the invention, 15 tens of thousands of plants can be cultivated in one mu of land, the seedling cultivation amount which is close to 10 times of that of the traditional seedling cultivation method can be realized when the seedlings are cultivated in each mu of land, the land use space is greatly saved by the intensive seedling cultivation operation method, and the intensive industrial seedling cultivation is realized. The non-woven fabrics do not need to be taken off the bag when the seedlings are planted after the seedlings are out of the nursery by utilizing the cultivation method, so that the secondary damage to the seedling root system caused by secondary operation is avoided, the transportation damage rate is greatly reduced, and the planting efficiency and the survival rate are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant propagation and cultivation, in particular to a high-survival-rate short-period intensive seedling raising method for quercus variabilis.
Background
Quercus suber is an important multipurpose industrial tree in China, and organ tissues such as roots, leaves, shells, seeds, barks and trunks of the oak can provide production raw materials for industries such as food, medical treatment, chemical industry, furniture, construction, cosmetics, national defense and the like. The fertilizer is widely applied to precious native trees, color leaf landscape trees, carbon-fixing dust-retention trees, strategic material trees, ecological restoration trees, water source conservation trees, water and soil conservation trees, fire and wind prevention trees, soil improvement trees, drought and stress resistant trees, industrial material trees, woody and food source trees, tussah raw material trees, fungus matrix trees, major scientific trees and other trees.
Quercus variabilis (lour.) Merr is an indispensable natural resource in production and life of people, is closely related to human clothes, food and housing, environmental improvement, ecological safety, economic prosperity and aerospace industry, and plays a very important role in national economic development.
The quercus variabilis belongs to tree species with developed main roots, the main roots are thick and long, the lateral roots are not developed, the fibrous roots are few in the natural growth state, the transplanting survival rate is low and is less than 50%, the traditional field seedling raising technology period is long (2 years are needed for raising forestation seedlings with the height of 60 cm), and the industrialized popularization of the quercus variabilis is severely limited.
In addition, the cultivation method of quercus variabilis in the prior art is generally only a method improvement on the survival rate, for example, a cultivation method of quercus variabilis mycorrhizal seedlings disclosed in patent document with the patent application number of CN202010217523.7 is only an improvement in the direction of improving the survival rate of quercus variabilis forestation and saving water and fertilizer resources, but cannot effectively realize short-period intensive seedling cultivation, and cannot be applied to the industrial popularization of quercus variabilis.
Therefore, after long-time research and development experiments, the company summarizes a new high-survival-rate short-period intensive seedling raising method for quercus variabilis bunge, and is used for better solving the problems in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-survival-rate short-period intensive seedling culture method for cork oak, which aims at overcoming the defects of the existing cork oak seedling culture technology, has the advantages of industrialized intensive short period, air root repair, developed lateral fibrous roots, full-root and full-seedling, quick field planting and root opening, no seedling revival period, quick growth, convenient transportation, capability of being planted all the year round and more than 97 percent of survival rate, and the adopted technical scheme is as follows: the short-period intensive seedling raising method with high survival rate for quercus variabilis oak trees comprises the following steps:
s1: building a seedling raising facility;
s2: selecting a seedling stage;
the seedlings begin to grow to more than 50cm after being cultivated for about 5 months from 3 middle of the month to 5 middle of the month every year;
the temperature gradually rises in 3 months every year, the ground temperature also rises, all things grow hair, the vitality of seeds is vigorous, the vitality is strong, and the growth can be accelerated by planting at the moment. The seedlings reach the standard of coming out of the nursery for 10 months, can be directly used for forestation in autumn and winter, and come out of the nursery for sale one year earlier than the seedlings in the field, so that the benefits of current year breeding, current year planting and current year are achieved.
S3: sorting and treating seeds;
s4: carrying out seed germination acceleration on the selected excellent seeds;
firstly, laying a layer of grass-proof cloth in a germination accelerating area in a seedling raising greenhouse shed of a seedling raising facility;
a layer of sand with the thickness of 10cm is laid on the upper surface, and 5 percent potassium permanganate is used for disinfecting the sand;
putting the soaked excellent seeds on sand and uniformly spreading the seeds;
paving a layer of sand with the thickness of about 2cm on the sand, and keeping the humidity of the sand at about 30-40%;
and finally covering with a mulching film until sprouting.
Germination acceleration in a seedling raising greenhouse shed of a seedling raising facility generally reaches the germination rate of more than 80 percent within about 10-15 days; the germination acceleration can improve the uniformity of the nursery stock and shorten the growth period.
S5: preparing a seedling culture formula substrate;
peat 60% and perlite 40% by volume ratio are uniformly mixed and used according to the proportion of 2kg/m 3 -2.5kg/m 3 Adding controlled release fertilizer, or applying 4kg/m 3 ～5kg/m 3 The compound fertilizer or the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is prepared into seedling substrate soil;
s6: intensively preparing a non-woven fabric light substrate container;
s7: planting seeds after germination acceleration;
the specific steps of planting the seeds after pregermination comprise:
binding the prepared non-woven fabric light matrix into a hole by using a tool, then cutting off quercus variabilis seeds growing radicles after germination accelerating, putting the treated seeds into the hole, flatly placing the seeds to be exposed outside, burying the gap after placing the seeds, and completely watering;
the method of simultaneously cutting off multiple radicles is adopted during the chopping treatment, and 30-50% of the length of the radicles of the quercus variabilis seeds is cut off during the operation;
the quercus variabilis seeds are subjected to germination accelerating and radicle chopping treatment, so that lateral roots and fibrous roots can grow rapidly while main roots grow, the problems of developed main roots, few lateral roots and fibrous roots and low transplanting survival rate in a natural state are effectively solved, and high survival rate is realized.
S8: and (5) managing after planting.
In any of the above schemes, preferably, the step of building a seedling raising facility in step S1 includes: building a seedling raising greenhouse; set up the big-arch shelter of growing seedlings for north and south orientation or east and west orientation, install circulating aeration cooling equipment in advance in the inner space of big-arch shelter of growing seedlings to at the automatic equipment of hiding of the externally mounted of big-arch shelter of growing seedlings, still install liquid manure integration sprinkling irrigation spraying equipment in the big-arch shelter of growing seedlings simultaneously.
The built seedling raising greenhouse is favorable for adjusting the temperature, humidity and fertility required by the growth of the quercus variabilis seedlings, is convenient to manage, saves manpower, and improves the growth speed of the seedlings.
In any of the above schemes, preferably, the seedling raising greenhouse adopts a common greenhouse or an arched greenhouse structure.
In any of the above schemes, preferably, the specific steps of sorting and treating the seeds in S3 include: soaking seeds about 10-15 days before sowing, adding 5% carbendazim into water for sterilization during soaking, soaking for 24 hours, and then quickly separating floating inferior seeds and superior seeds with high germination rate by utilizing separation equipment.
Quercus suber seeds are easily eaten by weevil larvae, have no dormant period and are easy to mildew due to high starch content, and after being soaked in water added with a bactericide, the weevil or mildewed seeds can float, so that inferior seeds and good seeds can be distinguished.
In any of the above embodiments, the step S6 of preparing the non-woven fabric light-based container includes: the prepared seedling substrate soil is filled by a non-woven fabric bagging machine and prepared into light substrate non-woven fabric container soil with the diameter of 4.5cm or 5.5cm and the height of 10-15cm, then the light substrate non-woven fabric container soil is placed into a root-control breathable hole tray with the depth of 3-7cm to prepare a light substrate non-woven fabric seedling tray, and the seedling number of each mu of seedlings in the light substrate non-woven fabric seedling tray is 8-15 times of the seedling number of the field;
wherein, the selected non-woven fabrics have degradability, the gram number of the non-woven fabrics on each light-matrix non-woven fabric container is between 20 and 80 grams, and the non-woven fabrics which are light and thin and have good air permeability are selected to shorten the degradation period of the non-woven fabrics.
According to the method, the seedling amount which is 10 times of that of the traditional seedling method can be realized when the seedlings are grown in each mu of land, the intensive seedling operation method greatly saves the land use space, and intensive industrial seedling is realized; meanwhile, the non-woven fabrics do not need to be taken off the bag when the seedlings are planted out of the nursery, so that the secondary damage to the seedling root system caused by secondary operation is avoided, the transportation damage rate is greatly reduced, and the planting efficiency and the survival rate are improved.
In any of the above embodiments, it is preferred that the peat in step S5 has a particle size of 0-6mm and the perlite has a particle size of 24 mm.
The peat with the thickness of 0-6mm and the perlite with the thickness of 2-4mm are selected to be matched and then evenly mixed for use, the ingredients are light in weight and good in moisture retention and air permeability, and not only can provide required nutrition for seedlings, but also can improve the carrying efficiency.
In any of the above schemes, preferably, the post-planting management in S8 mainly includes three aspects of water and fertilizer control, light control, and temperature control.
In any of the above schemes, preferably, when the water and fertilizer control is performed in the post-planting management in S8, water is sprayed or misted at the right time according to the moisture condition of the light medium or the temperature in the seedling raising greenhouse, and the time is not too long; spraying carbendazim with the weight concentration of 2-5% for 1 time every 7-10 days to prevent pest and disease infection; in the middle ten days of 5 months, the top dressing is started, the nitrogen fertilizer is mainly used, the top dressing is carried out in combination with watering, the concentration is preferably controlled to be 0.1-0.2%, and amino acid foliar fertilizer can be sprayed once every half month in 5-6 months; in 9 months, the use of nitrogen fertilizer is stopped, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are properly added to promote the lignification of the nursery stocks.
In any of the above aspects, preferably, the post-planting management in S8 is, when the light control is performed: preparing 60% -70% of shading net; when the temperature in the seedling raising greenhouse is too high due to strong sunlight, shading treatment needs to be carried out in time;
in any of the above aspects, preferably, the post-planting management in S8 is performed when temperature control is performed: controlling the temperature in the seedling raising greenhouse to be about 25-37 ℃; when the temperature in the seedling raising greenhouse is too high or the humidity is large, ventilation is carried out, attention is paid to progressive ventilation, and the ventilation opening is gradually enlarged.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the traditional field seedling culture method can culture about 1.5 ten thousand plants per mu, and 15 ten thousand plants per mu can be cultured by the method provided by the invention, so that the seedling culture quantity which is close to 10 times of that of the traditional seedling culture method can be realized during seedling culture in each mu, the intensive seedling culture operation method greatly saves the land use space, and intensive industrial seedling culture is realized.
2. The non-woven fabric light medium container in the cultivation method is utilized to cultivate seedlings, the non-woven fabrics do not need to be taken off the bag when the seedlings are planted out of the nursery, the secondary damage to seedling roots caused by secondary operation is avoided, the transportation damage rate is greatly reduced, and the planting efficiency and the survival rate are improved.
3. The method of simultaneously cutting off multiple radicles is adopted during the chopping treatment, and 30-50% of the length of the radicles of the quercus variabilis seeds is cut off during the operation; the multiple radicles are simultaneously cut, so that the main roots and the existing lateral roots can grow and simultaneously grow lateral roots, fibrous roots and the like, the problems of flourishing main roots, few lateral roots and fibrous roots and low transplanting survival rate in a natural state are effectively solved, and high survival rate is realized.
4. By the seedling raising method, the growth speed of the seedling raising method can be accelerated by accurately controlling growth factors such as water, fertilizer, temperature, light and the like, the seedling can grow to the height of more than 50cm after about 5 months of cultivation, and the seedling can grow to the height of 50cm in a field for about 24 months if the seedling is grown to the height of 50cm, so that the cultivation period is greatly shortened.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the detailed description of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the detailed description or the prior art description will be briefly described below. Throughout the drawings, like elements or components are generally identified by like reference numerals. In the drawings, elements or components are not necessarily drawn to scale.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of a sorting apparatus used in the present invention.
In the figure, 1, a seed feeding box; 2. an inverted cone mesh cylinder; 3. water filtering meshes; 4. a discharging blocking cover; 5. a liquid storage tank; 6. draining pump; 7. an outer discharge pipeline; 8. a water return pump; 9. and (5) a back-supplementing pipeline.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and therefore are only examples, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby. The specific structure of the invention is shown in figure 1.
Example 1:
the short-period intensive seedling raising method with high survival rate for quercus variabilis oak trees comprises the following steps:
s1: building a seedling raising facility;
s2: selecting a seedling stage;
the seedlings are grown from 3 to 5 ten days in the middle of the month each year, and can grow to more than 50cm after about 5 months of cultivation;
the temperature gradually rises in 3 months every year, the ground temperature also rises, all things grow hair, the vitality of seeds is vigorous, the vitality is strong, and the growth can be accelerated by planting at the moment. The seedlings reach the standard of coming out of the nursery for 10 months, can be directly used for forestation in autumn and winter, and come out of the nursery for sale one year earlier than the seedlings in the field, so that the benefits of current year breeding, current year planting and current year are achieved.
S3: sorting and treating seeds;
s4: carrying out seed germination acceleration on the selected excellent seeds;
firstly, laying a layer of grass-proof cloth in a germination accelerating area in a seedling raising greenhouse shed of a seedling raising facility;
a layer of sand with the thickness of 10cm is laid on the upper surface, and 5 percent potassium permanganate is used for disinfecting the sand;
putting the soaked excellent seeds on sand to be uniformly spread;
paving a layer of sand with the thickness of about 2cm on the sand, and keeping the humidity of the sand at about 30-40%;
finally covering with a mulching film until budding.
Germination acceleration in a seedling raising greenhouse shed of a seedling raising facility generally reaches the germination rate of more than 80 percent within about 10-15 days; the germination acceleration can improve the uniformity of the nursery stock and shorten the growth period.
S5: preparing a seedling culture formula substrate;
peat 60% and perlite 40% by volume ratio are uniformly mixed and used according to the proportion of 2kg/m 3 -2.5kg/m 3 Adding controlled release fertilizer, or applying 4kg/m 3 ～5kg/m 3 The compound fertilizer or the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is prepared into seedling substrate soil;
s6: intensively preparing a non-woven fabric light substrate container;
s7: planting seeds after germination acceleration;
the specific steps of planting the seeds after pregermination comprise:
binding the prepared non-woven fabric light matrix into a hole by using a tool, then cutting off quercus variabilis seeds growing radicles after germination accelerating, putting the treated seeds into the hole, flatly placing the seeds to be exposed outside, burying the gap after placing the seeds, and completely watering;
the method of simultaneously cutting off multiple radicles is adopted during the chopping treatment, and 30-50% of the length of the radicles of the quercus variabilis seeds is cut off during the operation;
the quercus variabilis seeds are subjected to germination accelerating and radicle chopping treatment, so that lateral roots and fibrous roots can grow rapidly while main roots grow, the problems of developed main roots, few lateral roots and fibrous roots and low transplanting survival rate in a natural state are effectively solved, and high survival rate is realized.
S8: and (5) managing after planting.
In any of the above schemes, preferably, the step of building a seedling raising facility in step S1 includes: building a seedling raising greenhouse; set up the big-arch shelter of growing seedlings into north-south orientation or east-west orientation, at the circulating aeration cooling equipment of preinstallation in the inner space of big-arch shelter of growing seedlings to automatic equipment of hiding of the externally mounted of big-arch shelter of growing seedlings, still install liquid manure integration sprinkling irrigation spraying equipment in the big-arch shelter of growing seedlings simultaneously.
The built seedling raising greenhouse is favorable for adjusting the temperature, humidity and fertility required by the growth of the cork oak seedlings, is convenient to manage, saves manpower and improves the growth speed of the seedlings.
In any of the above schemes, preferably, the seedling raising greenhouse adopts a common greenhouse or an arched greenhouse structure.
In any of the above schemes, preferably, the specific steps of sorting and treating the seeds in S3 include: soaking seeds about 10-15 days before sowing, adding 5% carbendazim into water for sterilization during soaking, soaking for 24 hours, and then quickly separating floating inferior seeds and superior seeds with high germination rate by utilizing separation equipment.
The quercus suber seeds are easily eaten by weevil larvae, the seeds have no dormant period and are easy to mildew due to high starch content, and after being soaked in water added with a bactericide, the weevil or the mildewed seeds can float, so that inferior seeds and superior seeds can be distinguished.
In any of the above embodiments, it is preferred that the peat in step S5 has a particle size of 0-6mm and the perlite has a particle size of 24 mm.
The peat with the thickness of 0-6mm and the perlite with the thickness of 2-4mm are selected to be matched and then evenly mixed for use, the ingredients are light in weight and good in moisture retention and air permeability, and not only can provide required nutrition for seedlings, but also can improve the carrying efficiency.
In any of the above schemes, preferably, the post-planting management in S8 mainly includes three aspects of water and fertilizer control, light control, and temperature control.
In any of the above schemes, preferably, when the water and fertilizer control is performed in the post-planting management in S8, water is sprayed or sprayed at a proper time according to the moisture condition of the light medium or the temperature in the seedling raising greenhouse, and the time is not too long; spraying carbendazim with the weight concentration of 2-5% for 1 time every 7-10 days to prevent pest and disease infection; in the middle ten days of 5 months, the top dressing is started, the nitrogen fertilizer is mainly used, the top dressing is carried out in combination with watering, the concentration is preferably controlled to be 0.1-0.2%, and amino acid foliar fertilizer can be sprayed once every half month in 5-6 months; and in 9 months, the use of nitrogen fertilizer is stopped, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are properly added to promote the lignification of the nursery stock.
Example 2:
the short-period intensive seedling raising method with high survival rate for quercus variabilis oak trees comprises the following steps:
s1: building a seedling raising facility;
s2: selecting a seedling stage;
the seedlings are grown from 3 to 5 ten days in the middle of the month each year, and can grow to more than 50cm after about 5 months of cultivation;
the temperature rises gradually in 3 months every year, the ground temperature also rises, all things grow hair, the seed vigor is vigorous, the vitality is strong, and the growth can be accelerated by planting at this time. The seedlings reach the standard of coming out of the nursery for 10 months, can be directly used for forestation in autumn and winter, and come out of the nursery for sale one year earlier than the seedlings in the field, so that the benefits of current year breeding, current year planting and current year are achieved.
S3: sorting and treating seeds;
s4: carrying out seed germination acceleration on the selected excellent seeds;
firstly, laying a layer of grass-proof cloth in a germination accelerating area in a seedling raising greenhouse shed of a seedling raising facility;
a layer of sand with the thickness of 10cm is laid on the upper surface, and 5 percent potassium permanganate is used for disinfecting the sand;
putting the soaked excellent seeds on sand and uniformly spreading the seeds;
paving a layer of sand with the thickness of about 2cm on the sand, and keeping the humidity of the sand at about 30-40%;
and finally covering with a mulching film until sprouting.
Germination acceleration in a seedling raising greenhouse shed of a seedling raising facility generally reaches the germination rate of more than 80 percent within about 10-15 days; the germination acceleration can improve the uniformity of the nursery stock and shorten the growth period.
S5: preparing a seedling culture formula substrate;
peat 60% and perlite 40% by volume ratio are uniformly mixed and used according to the proportion of 2kg/m 3 -2.5kg/m 3 Adding controlled release fertilizer, or applying 4kg/m 3 ～5kg/m 3 The compound fertilizer or the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is prepared into seedling substrate soil;
s6: intensively preparing a non-woven fabric light substrate container;
s7: planting seeds after germination acceleration;
the specific steps of planting the seeds after pregermination comprise:
binding the prepared non-woven fabric light matrix into a hole by using a tool, then cutting off quercus variabilis seeds growing radicles after germination accelerating, putting the treated seeds into the hole, flatly placing the seeds to be exposed outside, burying the gap after placing the seeds, and completely watering;
the method of simultaneously cutting off multiple radicles is adopted during the chopping treatment, and 30-50% of the length of the radicles of the quercus variabilis seeds is cut off during the operation;
the quercus variabilis seeds are subjected to germination accelerating and radicle chopping treatment, so that lateral roots and fibrous roots can grow rapidly while main roots grow, the problems of developed main roots, few lateral roots and fibrous roots and low transplanting survival rate in a natural state are effectively solved, and high survival rate is realized.
S8: and (5) managing after planting.
In any of the above schemes, preferably, the step of building a seedling raising facility in step S1 includes: building a seedling raising greenhouse; set up the big-arch shelter of growing seedlings into north-south orientation or east-west orientation, at the circulating aeration cooling equipment of preinstallation in the inner space of big-arch shelter of growing seedlings to automatic equipment of hiding of the externally mounted of big-arch shelter of growing seedlings, still install liquid manure integration sprinkling irrigation spraying equipment in the big-arch shelter of growing seedlings simultaneously.
The built seedling raising greenhouse is favorable for adjusting the temperature, humidity and fertility required by the growth of the cork oak seedlings, is convenient to manage, saves manpower and improves the growth speed of the seedlings.
In any of the above schemes, preferably, the seedling raising greenhouse adopts a common greenhouse or an arched greenhouse structure.
In any of the above schemes, preferably, the specific steps of sorting and treating the seeds in S3 include: soaking seeds about 10-15 days before sowing, adding 5% carbendazim into water for sterilization during soaking, soaking for 24 hours, and then quickly separating floating inferior seeds and superior seeds with high germination rate by utilizing separation equipment.
Quercus suber seeds are easily eaten by weevil larvae, have no dormant period and are easy to mildew due to high starch content, and after being soaked in water added with a bactericide, the weevil or mildewed seeds can float, so that inferior seeds and good seeds can be distinguished.
In any of the above embodiments, preferably, the step of intensively preparing the non-woven light-matrix container in step S6 includes: the prepared seedling substrate soil is filled by a non-woven fabric bagging machine and prepared into light substrate non-woven fabric container soil with the diameter of 4.5cm or 5.5cm and the height of 10-15cm, then the light substrate non-woven fabric container soil is placed into a root-control breathable hole tray with the depth of 3-7cm to prepare a light substrate non-woven fabric seedling tray, and the seedling number of each mu of seedlings in the light substrate non-woven fabric seedling tray is 8-15 times of the seedling number of the field;
wherein, the selected non-woven fabrics have degradability, the gram number of the non-woven fabrics on each light-matrix non-woven fabric container is between 20 and 80 grams, and the non-woven fabrics which are light and thin and have good air permeability are selected to shorten the degradation period of the non-woven fabrics.
According to the method, the seedling amount which is 10 times of that of the traditional seedling method can be realized when the seedlings are grown in each mu of land, the intensive seedling operation method greatly saves the land use space, and intensive industrial seedling is realized; meanwhile, the non-woven fabrics do not need to be taken off the bag when the seedlings are planted, so that the secondary damage to the seedling root system caused by secondary operation is avoided, the transportation damage rate is greatly reduced, and the planting efficiency and the survival rate are improved.
In any of the above embodiments, it is preferred that the peat in step S5 has a particle size of 0 to 6mm and the perlite has a particle size of 24 mm.
The peat with the thickness of 0-6mm and the perlite with the thickness of 2-4mm are selected to be matched and then evenly mixed for use, the ingredients are light in weight and good in moisture retention and air permeability, and not only can provide required nutrition for seedlings, but also can improve the carrying efficiency.
In any of the above schemes, preferably, the post-planting management in S8 mainly includes three aspects of water and fertilizer control, light control, and temperature control.
In any of the above schemes, preferably, when the water and fertilizer control is performed in the post-planting management in S8, water is sprayed or sprayed at a proper time according to the moisture condition of the light medium or the temperature in the seedling raising greenhouse, and the time is not too long; spraying carbendazim with the weight concentration of 2-5% for 1 time every 7-10 days to prevent pest and disease infection; in the middle ten days of 5 months, top dressing is started, nitrogen fertilizer is used as a main component, top dressing is carried out in combination with watering, the concentration is preferably controlled to be 0.1-0.2%, and amino acid foliar fertilizer can be sprayed once every half month in 5-6 months; and in 9 months, the use of nitrogen fertilizer is stopped, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are properly added to promote the lignification of the nursery stock.
In any of the above aspects, preferably, the post-planting management in S8 is performed when performing light control: preparing 60% -70% of shading net; when the temperature in the seedling raising greenhouse is too high due to strong sunlight, sun shading treatment needs to be carried out in time;
in any of the above aspects, preferably, the post-planting management in S8 is performed when temperature control is performed: controlling the temperature in the seedling raising greenhouse to be about 25-37 ℃; when the temperature in the seedling raising greenhouse is too high or the humidity is large, ventilation is carried out, attention is paid to progressive ventilation, and the ventilation opening is gradually enlarged.
The quercus variabilis seedling is temperature-resistant, moisture-resistant, water-loving and yin-loving, the growth speed of the quercus variabilis seedling can be accelerated by accurately controlling growth factors such as water fertilizer, temperature, light and the like by the seedling culture method, the quercus variabilis seedling can grow to the height of more than 50cm after being cultured for about 5 months, and if the quercus variabilis seedling grows to the height of 50cm in a large field, the quercus variabilis seedling needs about 24 months, so that the culture period is greatly shortened.
Example 3:
example 2:
the short-period intensive seedling raising method with high survival rate for quercus variabilis oak trees comprises the following steps:
s1: building a seedling raising facility;
s2: selecting a seedling stage;
the seedlings are grown from 3 to 5 ten days in the middle of the month each year, and can grow to more than 50cm after about 5 months of cultivation;
the temperature gradually rises in 3 months every year, the ground temperature also rises, all things grow hair, the vitality of seeds is vigorous, the vitality is strong, and the growth can be accelerated by planting at the moment. The seedlings reach the standard of coming out of the nursery for 10 months, can be directly used for forestation in autumn and winter, and come out of the nursery for sale one year earlier than the seedlings in the field, so that the benefits of current year breeding, current year planting and current year are achieved.
S3: sorting and treating seeds;
s4: carrying out seed germination acceleration on the selected excellent seeds;
firstly, laying a layer of grass-proof cloth in a germination accelerating area in a seedling raising greenhouse shed of a seedling raising facility;
a layer of sand with the thickness of 10cm is laid on the upper surface, and 5 percent potassium permanganate is used for disinfecting the sand;
putting the soaked excellent seeds on sand and uniformly spreading the seeds;
paving a layer of sand with the thickness of about 2cm on the sand, and keeping the humidity of the sand at about 30-40%;
and finally covering with a mulching film until sprouting.
Germination acceleration in a seedling raising greenhouse shed of a seedling raising facility generally reaches the germination rate of more than 80 percent within about 10-15 days; the germination acceleration can improve the uniformity of the nursery stock and shorten the growth period.
S5: preparing a seedling culture formula substrate;
peat 60% and perlite 40% by volume ratio are uniformly mixed and used according to the proportion of 2kg/m 3 -2.5kg/m 3 Adding controlled release fertilizer, or applying 4kg/m 3 ～5kg/m 3 The compound fertilizer or the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is prepared into seedling substrate soil;
s6: intensively preparing a non-woven fabric light substrate container;
s7: planting seeds after germination acceleration;
the specific steps of planting the seeds after pregermination comprise:
binding the prepared non-woven fabric light matrix into a hole by using a tool, then cutting off quercus variabilis seeds growing radicles after germination accelerating, putting the treated seeds into the hole, flatly placing the seeds to be exposed outside, burying the gap after placing the seeds, and completely watering;
the method of simultaneously cutting off multiple radicles is adopted during the chopping treatment, and the length of the radicles of the quercus variabilis seeds is cut off by 30-50% during the operation;
the quercus variabilis seeds are subjected to germination accelerating and stub radicle treatment, so that the main roots can grow and simultaneously grow lateral roots and fibrous roots quickly, the problems of flourishing main roots, few lateral roots and fibrous roots and low transplanting survival rate in a natural state are effectively solved, and high survival rate is realized.
S8: and (5) managing after planting.
In any of the above schemes, preferably, the step of building a seedling raising facility in step S1 includes: building a seedling raising greenhouse; set up the big-arch shelter of growing seedlings into north-south orientation or east-west orientation, at the circulating aeration cooling equipment of preinstallation in the inner space of big-arch shelter of growing seedlings to automatic equipment of hiding of the externally mounted of big-arch shelter of growing seedlings, still install liquid manure integration sprinkling irrigation spraying equipment in the big-arch shelter of growing seedlings simultaneously.
The built seedling raising greenhouse is favorable for adjusting the temperature, humidity and fertility required by the growth of the quercus variabilis seedlings, is convenient to manage, saves manpower, and improves the growth speed of the seedlings.
In any of the above schemes, preferably, the seedling raising greenhouse adopts a common greenhouse or an arched greenhouse structure.
In any of the above embodiments, the step S6 of preparing the non-woven fabric light-based container includes: the prepared seedling substrate soil is filled by a non-woven fabric bagging machine and prepared into light substrate non-woven fabric container soil with the diameter of 4.5cm or 5.5cm and the height of 10-15cm, then the light substrate non-woven fabric container soil is placed into a root-control breathable hole tray with the depth of 3-7cm to prepare a light substrate non-woven fabric seedling tray, and the seedling number of each mu of seedlings in the light substrate non-woven fabric seedling tray is 8-15 times of the seedling number of the field;
wherein, the selected non-woven fabrics have degradability, the gram number of the non-woven fabrics on each light-matrix non-woven fabric container is between 20 and 80 grams, and the non-woven fabrics which are light and thin and have good air permeability are selected to shorten the degradation period of the non-woven fabrics.
According to the method, the seedling amount which is 10 times of that of the traditional seedling method can be realized when the seedlings are grown in each mu of land, the intensive seedling operation method greatly saves the land use space, and intensive industrial seedling is realized; meanwhile, the non-woven fabrics do not need to be taken off the bag when the seedlings are planted out of the nursery, so that the secondary damage to the seedling root system caused by secondary operation is avoided, the transportation damage rate is greatly reduced, and the planting efficiency and the survival rate are improved.
In any of the above embodiments, it is preferred that the peat in step S5 has a particle size of 0-6mm and the perlite has a particle size of 24 mm.
The peat with the particle size of 0-6mm and the perlite with the particle size of 2-4mm are selected to be proportioned and uniformly mixed for use, the ingredients are light in weight and good in moisture retention and air permeability, and not only can provide required nutrition for seedlings, but also can improve the carrying efficiency.
In any of the above schemes, preferably, the post-planting management in S8 mainly includes three aspects of water and fertilizer control, light control, and temperature control.
In any of the above schemes, preferably, the specific steps of sorting and treating the seeds in S3 include: soaking seeds about 10-15 days before sowing, adding 5% carbendazim into water for sterilization during soaking, soaking for 24 hours, and then quickly separating floating inferior seeds and superior seeds with high germination rate by utilizing separation equipment.
Quercus suber seeds are easily eaten by weevil larvae, have no dormant period and are easy to mildew due to high starch content, and after being soaked in water added with a bactericide, the weevil or mildewed seeds can float, so that inferior seeds and good seeds can be distinguished.
In any of the above schemes, preferably, foretell sorting equipment includes a seed feeding box 1, the open setting in top of seed feeding box 1, the lower part middle section fixed mounting of seed feeding box 1 has an inverted cone net section of thick bamboo 2, the surface of inverted cone net section of thick bamboo 2 is provided with drainage mesh 3, and drainage mesh 3 is used for blockking that the seed passes through, the bottom of inverted cone net section of thick bamboo 2 extends the below of seed feeding box 1 and sealed close soon installs a row of material shutoff lid 4 a liquid reserve tank 5 is installed to one side of seed feeding box 1, the upper portion and the lower part of liquid reserve tank 5 respectively through the outer discharge pipe way 7 that has drain pump 6 and the benefit pipeline 9 that has return pump 8 with the lower part and the upper portion intercommunication of seed feeding box 1.
In any of the above embodiments, it is preferable that a collecting device for automatically collecting the inferior seeds in a floating state is further disposed above the seed hopper 1.
When the specific steps of seed sorting and treatment are carried out, 5% of configured carbendazim sterilization solution needs to be placed into a seed feeding box 1, screening of good and bad seeds is achieved by putting a large number of seeds into the seed feeding box and soaking the seeds for a period of time, the bad seeds directly float on the seeds, the good seeds directly sink into an inverted cone net cylinder 2 at the bottom of water, and the floating bad seeds are quickly fished out and collected through mechanical operation or manual operation after the seeds continue for a period of time; only good seeds settled at the bottom are remained; by opening the discharge pipeline 7 of the drainage pump 6, the solution in the seed feeding box 1 can be quickly transferred into the liquid storage box 5 for temporary storage, and at the moment, because the water in the seed feeding box 1 is completely discharged, therefore, only good seeds accumulated below the inverted cone net barrel 2 are left, and by placing a good seed collecting box below the discharging blocking cover 4 of the seed feeding box 1 in advance, and the discharging blocking cover 4 is opened to collect the fine seeds after dewatering, the operation is more rapid and convenient, the discharging blocking cover 4 is screwed and fastened after the collection is finished, then the external discharge pipeline 7 of the drainage pump 6 is closed, and the back-supplementing pipeline 9 with the back-water pump 8 is opened, so that the carbendazim sterilization solution in the liquid storage tank 5 can be transferred back to the inside of the seed feeding box 1 for standby again, and the whole seed sorting and processing method is more rapid, convenient and efficient.
The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; the modifications or the substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and the technical solutions are all covered in the scope of the claims and the specification of the present invention; it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that any alternative modifications or variations to the embodiments of the present invention may be made within the scope of the present invention.
The details of the present invention are not described in detail, but are known to those skilled in the art.
Claims (8)
1. The high-survival-rate short-period intensive seedling raising method for the quercus variabilis oak trees is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: building a seedling raising facility;
s2: selecting a seedling stage;
the seedlings are grown from 3 to 5 ten days in the middle of the month each year, and can grow to more than 50cm after about 5 months of cultivation;
s3: sorting and treating seeds;
s4: carrying out seed germination acceleration on the selected excellent seeds;
firstly, laying a layer of grass-proof cloth in a germination accelerating area in a seedling raising greenhouse shed of a seedling raising facility;
a layer of sand with the thickness of 10cm is laid on the upper surface, and 5 percent potassium permanganate is used for disinfecting the sand;
putting the soaked excellent seeds on sand and uniformly spreading the seeds;
paving a layer of sand with the thickness of about 2cm on the sand, and keeping the humidity of the sand at about 30-40%;
finally, covering with a mulching film until sprouting;
s5: preparing a seedling culture formula substrate;
peat 60% and perlite 40% by volume ratio are uniformly mixed and used according to the proportion of 2kg/m 3 -2.5kg/m 3 Adding controlled release fertilizer, or applying 4kg/m 3 ～5kg/m 3 The compound fertilizer or the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is prepared into seedling substrate soil;
s6: intensively preparing a non-woven fabric light substrate container;
s7: planting seeds after germination acceleration;
the specific steps of planting the seeds after pregermination comprise:
binding the prepared non-woven fabric light matrix into a hole by using a tool, then cutting off quercus variabilis seeds growing radicles after germination accelerating, putting the treated seeds into the hole, flatly placing the seeds to be exposed outside, burying the gap after placing the seeds, and completely watering;
s8: and (5) managing after planting.
2. The high-survival-rate short-period intensive seedling raising method for quercus variabilis according to claim 1, characterized in that: the step of building a seedling raising facility in the step S1 includes: building a seedling raising greenhouse; set up the big-arch shelter of growing seedlings for north and south orientation or east and west orientation, install circulating aeration cooling equipment in advance in the inner space of big-arch shelter of growing seedlings to at the automatic equipment of hiding of the externally mounted of big-arch shelter of growing seedlings, still install liquid manure integration sprinkling irrigation spraying equipment in the big-arch shelter of growing seedlings simultaneously.
3. The high-survival short-cycle intensive seedling raising method for quercus variabilis as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: the seedling raising greenhouse adopts a common greenhouse or an arched greenhouse structure.
4. The high-survival short-cycle intensive seedling raising method for quercus variabilis as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: the specific steps of seed sorting and treatment in S3 include: soaking seeds about 10-15 days before sowing, adding 5% carbendazim into water for sterilization during soaking, soaking for 24 hours, and then quickly separating floating inferior seeds and superior seeds with high germination rate by utilizing separation equipment.
5. The high-survival short-cycle intensive seedling raising method for quercus variabilis as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the specific steps of the intensive preparation of the non-woven fabric light substrate container in the step S6 include: and (3) filling the prepared seedling substrate soil into light substrate non-woven fabric container soil with the diameter of 4.5cm or 5.5cm and the height of 10-15cm through a non-woven fabric bagging machine, then putting the light substrate non-woven fabric container soil into a root-control breathable plug tray with the depth of 3-7cm, and preparing a light substrate non-woven fabric seedling culture tray, wherein the seedling culture quantity per mu is 8-15 times of the field seedling culture quantity when the light substrate non-woven fabric seedling culture tray is adopted for seedling culture.
6. The high-survival short-cycle intensive seedling raising method for quercus variabilis as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: the particle size of the peat in the step S5 is 0-6mm, and the particle size of the perlite is 24 mm.
7. The high-survival short-cycle intensive seedling raising method for quercus variabilis as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the post-planting management in the S8 mainly comprises three aspects of water and fertilizer control, light control and temperature control.
8. The high-survival short-cycle intensive seedling raising method for quercus variabilis as claimed in claim 7, wherein: when the water and fertilizer control is carried out in the post-planting management in the S8, water is sprayed or misted at proper time according to the moisture condition of a light matrix or the temperature in a seedling raising greenhouse, and the time is not suitable to be too long; spraying carbendazim with the weight concentration of 2-5% for 1 time every 7-10 days to prevent pest and disease infection; in the middle ten days of 5 months, the top dressing is started, the nitrogen fertilizer is mainly used, the top dressing is carried out in combination with watering, the concentration is preferably controlled to be 0.1-0.2%, and amino acid foliar fertilizer can be sprayed once every half month in 5-6 months; and in 9 months, the use of nitrogen fertilizer is stopped, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are properly added to promote the lignification of the nursery stock.
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