CN105230429A - Mountain german oak, cork oak biomass energy forest planting method - Google Patents
Mountain german oak, cork oak biomass energy forest planting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105230429A CN105230429A CN201510720583.XA CN201510720583A CN105230429A CN 105230429 A CN105230429 A CN 105230429A CN 201510720583 A CN201510720583 A CN 201510720583A CN 105230429 A CN105230429 A CN 105230429A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a mountain german oak, cork oak biomass energy forest planting method comprising the steps of: seedling forestation, direct seeding forestation and juvenile selective cutting utilization; the seedling forestation comprises seed acquisition, seed processing, strong seedling cultivation, planting by stock, tending management, and selective cutting utilization; the direct seeding forestation comprises seed acquisition, seed processing, direct seeding, tending management, and selective cutting utilization. The method is green and environment friendly, scientific and reasonable, can improve mountain german oak, cork oak forestation survival rate, can save forestation cost, thus realizing mountain german oak, cork oak standardization, normalization and large scale production. The method can satisfy market demands on high quality wood charcoal product and cultivation timber supply, and can provide excellent economic benefits, social benefit and ecological benefits.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to forestry technical field of cultivation, especially relate to the method for forestation of a kind of mountain area Quercus acutissima, cork oak bio-energy forest.
Background technology
Quercus acutissima, cork oak belong to Fagaceae oak together and belong to deciduous tree, the main Natural hardwood forests seeds in mountain area, also be yule logs, charcoal use and the domestic fungus cultivating material that the mountain area masses are traditional, this kind has well developed root system, drought-resistant barren, rudiment power is strong, wind resistance, fire prevention, bank protection, the effect of water conservation and soil conservation.But a set of perfect Quercus acutissima, the plantation of cork oak bio-energy forest fine provenance normalization and Cultivating techniques method cannot be formed at present in mountain area, so that excellent bio-energy forest seeds are confined to natural scattered for a long time, by general low with material mature forest felling germination rate, forest land upgrades slow, defective and low effect.And for the epoch that current high-quality charcoal price constantly rises, long-term natural forest is felled and fires after charcoal is prohibited, timely Demonstration And Extension high-quality biomass energy (charcoal is used) woods is cultivated, cut selectively at the technical maturity of young growth by stages, stump germination rate is strong, upgrade growth fast, for market provides high-quality char product and cultivation material continuously.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art; the invention provides a kind of environmental protection, scientific and reasonable; Quercus acutissima, cork oak survival rate can be improved; save cost of forestation; and realize Quercus acutissima, cork oak standardization, standardization and large-scale production, to meet the mountain area Quercus acutissima of market high-quality char product and the supply of cultivation material, the method for forestation of cork oak.
In order to realize foregoing invention object, technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A method of forestation for mountain area Quercus acutissima, cork oak bio-energy forest, comprises breeding and afforestation and direct seeding forestation; Described breeding and afforestation comprises seed collection, seed treatment, strong seedling cultivation, tree planting, foster and to manage and protect and selective cutting utilizes operation, and concrete operation step is as follows:
(1) seed collection:
Selection straightness of stem is strong, robust growth, life in 15 years excellent Quercus acutissima above, cork oak elite stand as nurse-crops, in gathering Quercus acutissima seed and cork oak seed the 9-10 month;
(2) seed treatment:
Gather seed to return the same day, be that 15% oil tea bran water soaks 30 minutes, desinsection to Quercus acutissima seed or cork oak seed by weight concentration, kill weevil; Spread out in cool place place by the Quercus acutissima seed after desinsection process and cork oak seed, the seed after drying is for carrying out breeding and afforestation;
(3) strong seedling cultivation:
1. nursery is selected: select physical features smooth, draining is good, has the sandy loam of irrigation conditions, light loam as nursery, turns over, harrows entirely;
2. cut root vernalization: husky Tibetan vernalization, treat that plumule grows 2-3 ㎝ and clips the tip of a root in time, then move on to the interior plantation of the nonwoven container bag that matrix is housed, obtain Quercus acutissima container seedling and cork oak container seedling;
3. cultivation of container seedling: Quercus acutissima container seedling and cork oak container seedling are placed on seedling bed, every furrow 25-30 is capable to be evenly close to, furrow interval 30-40 ㎝ pavement, furrow edge earthing is to same high with nonwoven container bag, and container seedling goes out garden afforestation after trickle and weeding manage and protect 1 year;
(4) tree planting:
1. plantation measures: select good, that soil layer is thick, survival rate the is high plot of land occupation condition to carry out tree planting;
2. wholely: 25-45 days before afforestation, according to the seeding row spacing of 1 × 1.5m, length and width, dark 40 × 40 × 30 ㎝ specifications, dig pit wholely, and fill out hole earthing;
3. container seedling is planted: in autumn and winter in overcast and rainy season, growth selection is healthy and strong, without branch, plant without the Quercus acutissima container seedling of damage by disease and insect, annual, water of drenching and cork oak container seedling, dig at center, afforestation and soil preparation hole slightly wider than nonwoven container bag, with the planting pit of the degree of depth, vertically Quercus acutissima container seedling and cork oak container seedling are put into planting pit, 2-3 earthing is divided to tread, lid layer loosens the soil again, covers around planting pit with weeds;
(5) foster and manage and protect: mainly carry out weeding and loosen the soil and foster;
(6) selective cutting utilizes: when the young growth of 8-10 after plantation, the plant part diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground reaches 8 more than ㎝, during more than height of tree 7m, namely reach technical maturity, can utilize according to 30% selective cutting of preserving strain number, stump height is no more than more than ground 5 ㎝ scope, within every 3 years later, by preserving 30% selective cutting of strain number once, simultaneously to undergrowth, cutting down by damage by disease and insect harm trees and removing, tail footpath 4 more than ㎝ makes charcoal and heat energy power-generating for concentrating, and 4 ㎝ pitch for cultivating the edible mushroom such as mushroom, auricularia auriculajudae with undershoot.
Preferably, the strong seedling cultivation described in above step (3) is freezing not serious area in the winter time, within seed treatment 3-5 day, carry out strong seedling cultivation; Freezing more serious area fresh clean moistening river sand is hidden kind of sublayering sand, after spring, soil thawed, carry out strong seedling cultivation again.
Preferably, the preparation method of the matrix described in above step (3), for excavating aseptic yellow soil, admixes the superphosphate base manure of weight concentration 3-5%, makes after mixing after pulverizing and sieving.
Preferably, the container bag specification described in above step (3) is the non-woven container bag of 8 × 12 ㎝.
Preferably, the sand Tibetan vernalization of above step (3) is with fresh clean moistening river sand or directly carries out sand Tibetan vernalization in furrow face, and keep river sand moistening, temperature keeps 18-26 DEG C.
Preferably, the time that the weeding described in above step (5) and loosening the soil is fostered is after tree planting 3 years, and annual weeding, loosen the soil secondary, and first time weeding, time of loosening the soil, second time weeding, time of loosening the soil were in the 9-11 month in the 5-6 month; Herbicidal methods is for removing top grass and tendril, low or cut down by the treelet that damage by disease and insect endangers and remove, to cultivate its sprout growth to undergrowth, branch within the scope of 5 ㎝ more than plane earth; The method of loosening the soil for around planting pit 50 ㎝ scopes loosen the soil and foster.
The method of forestation of above-described a kind of mountain area Quercus acutissima, cork oak bio-energy forest, described direct seeding forestation comprises seed collection, seed treatment, direct seeding forestation, foster and to manage and protect and selective cutting utilizes operation, and concrete operation step is as follows:
(1) seed collection:
Selection straightness of stem is strong, robust growth, life in 15 years excellent Quercus acutissima above, cork oak elite stand as nurse-crops, in gathering Quercus acutissima seed and cork oak seed the 9-10 month;
(2) seed treatment:
Gather seed to return the same day, be that 15% oil tea bran water soaks 30 minutes, desinsection to Quercus acutissima seed or cork oak seed by weight concentration, kill weevil; Spread out in cool place place by the Quercus acutissima seed after desinsection process and cork oak seed, the seed after drying is for carrying out direct seeding forestation;
(3) direct seeding forestation:
1. plantation measures: select the low or plot that is difficult to survive of the barren and stony desertification tree planting survival rate of drought as direct seeding forestation ground;
2. wholely: plant 25-45 days before gathering in fact, according to the seeding row spacing of 1 × 1.5m, length and width, dark 40 × 40 × 30 ㎝ specifications, dig plantation hole wholely, and fill out hole earthing;
3. direct seeding forestation: that step (2) obtained or after sand Tibetan vernalization Quercus acutissima seed and cork oak seed are broadcast in plantation hole, often cheat 3-4 grain, triangle or square traverse, earthing 2-3 ㎝, cover the weeds not with seed;
(4) foster and manage and protect: after direct seeding forestation in 4 years, annual weeding, loosen the soil secondary, and first time weeding, time of loosening the soil, second time weeding, time of loosening the soil were in the 9-11 month in the 5-6 month; Herbicidal methods is for removing top grass and tendril, low or cut down by the treelet that damage by disease and insect endangers and remove, to cultivate its sprout growth to undergrowth, branch within the scope of 5 ㎝ more than plane earth; The method of loosening the soil for around planting pit 50 ㎝ scopes loosen the soil and foster;
(5) selective cutting utilizes: when the young growth of 8-10 after plantation, the plant part diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground reaches 8 more than ㎝, during more than height of tree 7m, namely reach technical maturity, can utilize according to 30% selective cutting of preserving strain number, stump height is no more than more than ground 5 ㎝ scope, within every 3 years later, by preserving 30% selective cutting of strain number once, simultaneously to undergrowth, cutting down by damage by disease and insect harm trees and removing, tail footpath 4 more than ㎝ makes charcoal and heat energy power-generating for concentrating, and 4 ㎝ pitch for cultivating the edible mushroom such as mushroom, auricularia auriculajudae with undershoot.
Preferably, the direct seeding forestation described in above step (3) is freezing not serious area in the winter time, to be broadcast by seed carried out direct seeding forestation seed treatment same day in plantation hole; Freezing more serious area fresh clean moistening river sand carries out direct seeding forestation again after hiding vernalization to kind of sublayering sand after spring, soil thawed.
Preferably, the weeding described in above step (4) and time of fostering of loosening the soil are after direct seeding forestation 4 years, and annual weeding, loosen the soil secondary, and first time weeding, time of loosening the soil, second time weeding, time of loosening the soil were in the 9-11 month in the 5-6 month; Herbicidal methods is for removing top grass and tendril, low or cut down by the treelet that damage by disease and insect endangers and remove, to cultivate its sprout growth to undergrowth, branch within the scope of 5 ㎝ more than plane earth; The method of loosening the soil for around planting pit 50 ㎝ scopes loosen the soil and foster.
Compared to prior art, the advantage that the present invention has and beneficial effect as follows:
1, the seedling medium that adopts of breeding and afforestation method of the present invention is formulated according to Quercus acutissima, cork oak physiological property, and draw materials conveniently, be easy to preparation, easy and simple to handle, consumptive material is few, cost is low, quality is light, alleviates labour intensity, improves afforestation efficiency.
2, the material of the container for plant growth that breeding and afforestation method of the present invention is used is degradable non-woven fabrics, can remove divesting container for plant growth during afforestation from, time saving and energy saving, and is beneficial to the good ecotope of protection.
3, the present invention adopts oil tea bran water to kill weevil process to Quercus acutissima, cork oak seed, keeps the activity of seed while effective desinsection, and raising afforestation is Viability.
4, the present invention adopts the method that selective cutting utilizes, and is utilize bio-energy forest to cultivate, large density plantation, and young growth is cut selectively, stump germination rate is strong, and upgrade growth fast, so circulate selective cutting, both can not to Forest Environmental Effect, sustainable use again, accelerates mountain area revegetation process, improves farmers' income; While planting trees on barren hills wasteland and stony desertification mountain area build Quercus acutissima, cork oak energetically, foster residual woods and upgrade slash, Quercus acutissima, oak Forest area and poultry accumulated amount all increase by a fairly big margin, and produce significant economic benefit, social benefit and ecological benefits.
5, the present invention realizes Quercus acutissima, cork oak standardization, standardization and large-scale production; to meet the mountain area Quercus acutissima of market high-quality char product and the supply of cultivation material, the method for forestation of cork oak; while planting trees on barren hills wasteland and stony desertification mountain area build Quercus acutissima, cork oak energetically; foster residual woods and upgrade slash, Quercus acutissima, oak Forest area and poultry accumulated amount all increase by a fairly big margin.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1:
A method of forestation for mountain area Quercus acutissima, cork oak bio-energy forest, select straightness of stem strong, robust growth, excellent Quercus acutissima more than life in 15 years, cork oak elite stand, as nurse-crops, gather Quercus acutissima seed and cork oak seed September.Gather seed to return the same day, be that 15% oil tea bran water soaks 30 minutes, desinsection to Quercus acutissima seed or cork oak seed by weight concentration, kill weevil; Spread out in cool place place by the Quercus acutissima seed after desinsection process and cork oak seed, the seed after drying is for carrying out breeding and afforestation.
Freezing not serious area in the winter time, carries out strong seedling cultivation in seed treatment in 3 days; Freezing more serious area fresh clean moistening river sand is hidden kind of sublayering sand, after spring, soil thawed, carry out strong seedling cultivation again.
The concrete operation method of described strong seedling cultivation is as follows:
Selection physical features is smooth, and draining is good, has the sandy loam of irrigation conditions, light loam as seedling bed, turns over, harrows entirely.Carry out sand with fresh clean moistening river sand and hide vernalization, keep river sand moistening, temperature keeps 18-26 DEG C, treats that plumule grows 2-3 ㎝ and clips the tip of a root in time, then move on to the interior plantation of non-woven container bag of specification 8 × 12 ㎝ that matrix is housed, obtain Quercus acutissima container seedling and cork oak container seedling; Wherein, the preparation method of described matrix, for excavating aseptic yellow soil, admixes the superphosphate base manure of weight concentration 3%, makes after mixing after pulverizing and sieving.Be placed on seedling bed by Quercus acutissima container seedling and cork oak container seedling, every furrow 25 row is evenly close to, furrow interval 30 ㎝ pavement, and furrow edge earthing is to same high with nonwoven container bag, and container seedling goes out garden afforestation after trickle and weeding manage and protect 1 year.
The concrete operation method of described tree planting is as follows:
Good, that soil layer is thick, survival rate the is high plot of land occupation condition is selected to carry out tree planting; Afforest first 25 days, according to the seeding row spacing of 1 × 1.5m, length and width, dark 40 × 40 × 30 ㎝ specifications, dig pit wholely, and fill out hole earthing; In autumn and winter in overcast and rainy season, growth selection is healthy and strong, without branch, plant without the Quercus acutissima container seedling of damage by disease and insect, annual, water of drenching and cork oak container seedling, dig at center, afforestation and soil preparation hole slightly wider than nonwoven container bag, with the planting pit of the degree of depth, vertically Quercus acutissima container seedling and cork oak container seedling are put into planting pit, 2-3 earthing is divided to tread, lid layer loosens the soil again, covers around planting pit with weeds.
Mainly carry out weeding after planting seedlings and loosen the soil and foster; The time that weeding and loosening the soil is fostered is after tree planting 3 years, and annual weeding, loosen the soil secondary, and first time weeding, time of loosening the soil, second time weeding, time of loosening the soil were in the 9-11 month in the 5-6 month; Herbicidal methods is for removing top grass and tendril, low or cut down by the treelet that damage by disease and insect endangers and remove, to cultivate its sprout growth to undergrowth, branch within the scope of 5 ㎝ more than plane earth; The method of loosening the soil for around planting pit 50 ㎝ scopes loosen the soil and foster.
When the young growth of 8-10 after plantation, the plant part diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground reaches 8 more than ㎝, during more than height of tree 7m, namely reach technical maturity, can utilize according to 30% selective cutting of preserving strain number, stump height is no more than more than ground 5 ㎝ scope, within every 3 years later, by preserving 30% selective cutting of strain number once, simultaneously to undergrowth, cutting down by damage by disease and insect harm trees and removing, tail footpath 4 more than ㎝ makes charcoal and heat energy power-generating for concentrating, and 4 ㎝ pitch for cultivating the edible mushroom such as mushroom, auricularia auriculajudae with undershoot.
By the method, after-culture and tending method are carried out equally to existing inferior Low-efficiency forest.
Embodiment 2:
A method of forestation for mountain area Quercus acutissima, cork oak bio-energy forest, select straightness of stem strong, robust growth, excellent Quercus acutissima more than life in 15 years, cork oak elite stand, as nurse-crops, gather Quercus acutissima seed and cork oak seed October.Gather seed to return the same day, be that 15% oil tea bran water soaks 30 minutes, desinsection to Quercus acutissima seed or cork oak seed by weight concentration, kill weevil; Spread out in cool place place by the Quercus acutissima seed after desinsection process and cork oak seed, the seed after drying is for carrying out breeding and afforestation.
Freezing not serious area in the winter time, carries out strong seedling cultivation in seed treatment in 5 days; Freezing more serious area fresh clean moistening river sand is hidden kind of sublayering sand, after spring, soil thawed, carry out strong seedling cultivation again.
The concrete operation method of described strong seedling cultivation is as follows:
Selection physical features is smooth, and draining is good, has the sandy loam of irrigation conditions, light loam as seedling bed, turns over, harrows entirely.Directly carry out sand in furrow face and hide vernalization, treat that plumule grows 2-3 ㎝ and clips the tip of a root in time, then move on to the interior plantation of non-woven container bag of specification 8 × 12 ㎝ that matrix is housed, obtain Quercus acutissima container seedling and cork oak container seedling; Wherein, the preparation method of described matrix, for excavating aseptic yellow soil, admixes the superphosphate base manure of weight concentration 5%, makes after mixing after pulverizing and sieving.Be placed on seedling bed by Quercus acutissima container seedling and cork oak container seedling, every furrow 30 row is evenly close to, furrow interval 40 ㎝ pavement, and furrow edge earthing is to same high with nonwoven container bag, and container seedling goes out garden afforestation after trickle and weeding manage and protect 1 year.
The concrete operation method of described tree planting is as follows:
Good, that soil layer is thick, survival rate the is high plot of land occupation condition is selected to carry out tree planting; Afforest first 45 days, according to the seeding row spacing of 1 × 1.5m, length and width, dark 40 × 40 × 30 ㎝ specifications, dig pit wholely, and fill out hole earthing; In autumn and winter in overcast and rainy season, growth selection is healthy and strong, without branch, plant without the Quercus acutissima container seedling of damage by disease and insect, annual, water of drenching and cork oak container seedling, dig at center, afforestation and soil preparation hole slightly wider than nonwoven container bag, with the planting pit of the degree of depth, vertically Quercus acutissima container seedling and cork oak container seedling are put into planting pit, 2-3 earthing is divided to tread, lid layer loosens the soil again, covers around planting pit with weeds.
Mainly carry out weeding after planting seedlings and loosen the soil and foster; The time that weeding and loosening the soil is fostered is after tree planting 3 years, and annual weeding, loosen the soil secondary, and first time weeding, time of loosening the soil, second time weeding, time of loosening the soil were November June; Herbicidal methods is for removing top grass and tendril, low or cut down by the treelet that damage by disease and insect endangers and remove, to cultivate its sprout growth to undergrowth, branch within the scope of 5 ㎝ more than plane earth; The method of loosening the soil for around planting pit 50 ㎝ scopes loosen the soil and foster.
When the young growth of 8-10 after plantation, the plant part diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground reaches 8 more than ㎝, during more than height of tree 7m, namely reach technical maturity, can utilize according to 30% selective cutting of preserving strain number, stump height is no more than more than ground 5 ㎝ scope, within every 3 years later, by preserving 30% selective cutting of strain number once, simultaneously to undergrowth, cutting down by damage by disease and insect harm trees and removing, tail footpath 4 more than ㎝ makes charcoal and heat energy power-generating for concentrating, and 4 ㎝ pitch for cultivating the edible mushroom such as mushroom, auricularia auriculajudae with undershoot.
By the method, after-culture and tending method are carried out equally to existing inferior Low-efficiency forest
Embodiment 3:
A method of forestation for mountain area Quercus acutissima, cork oak bio-energy forest, select straightness of stem strong, robust growth, excellent Quercus acutissima more than life in 15 years, cork oak elite stand, as nurse-crops, gather Quercus acutissima seed and cork oak seed September.Gather seed to return the same day, be that 15% oil tea bran water soaks 30 minutes to Quercus acutissima seed or cork oak seed by weight concentration, kill weevil; Spread out in cool place place by the Quercus acutissima seed after desinsection process and cork oak seed, the seed after drying is for carrying out direct seeding forestation.
Freezing not serious area in the winter time, to broadcast seed seed treatment same day and carry out direct seeding forestation in plantation hole; Freezing more serious area fresh clean moistening river sand carries out direct seeding forestation again after hiding vernalization to kind of sublayering sand after spring, soil thawed.
The concrete operation method of described tree planting is as follows:
The plot that selection drought is barren and stony desertification tree planting survival rate is low or be difficult to survive is as direct seeding forestation ground.Plant real gathering first 30 days, according to the seeding row spacing of 1 × 1.5m, length and width, dark 40 × 40 × 30 ㎝ specifications, dig plantation hole wholely, and fill out hole earthing.
By the Quercus acutissima seed after desinsection process and cork oak seed, often cheat 3-4 grain, triangle or square traverse, earthing 2-3 ㎝, cover the weeds not with seed.After direct seeding forestation in 4 years, annual weeding, loosen the soil secondary, and first time weeding, time of loosening the soil, second time weeding, time of loosening the soil were in the 9-11 month in the 5-6 month; Herbicidal methods is for removing top grass and tendril, low or cut down by the treelet that damage by disease and insect endangers and remove, to cultivate its sprout growth to undergrowth, branch within the scope of 5 ㎝ more than plane earth; The method of loosening the soil for around planting pit 50 ㎝ scopes loosen the soil and foster;
When the young growth of 8-10 after plantation, the plant part diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground reaches 8 more than ㎝, during more than height of tree 7m, namely reach technical maturity, can utilize according to 30% selective cutting of preserving strain number, stump height is no more than more than ground 5 ㎝ scope, within every 3 years later, by preserving 30% selective cutting of strain number once, simultaneously to undergrowth, cutting down by damage by disease and insect harm trees and removing, tail footpath 4 more than ㎝ makes charcoal and heat energy power-generating for concentrating, and 4 ㎝ pitch for cultivating the edible mushroom such as mushroom, auricularia auriculajudae with undershoot.
By the method, after-culture and tending method are carried out equally to existing inferior Low-efficiency forest
Embodiment 4:
A method of forestation for mountain area Quercus acutissima, cork oak bio-energy forest, selects straightness of stem strong, robust growth, life in 15 years excellent Quercus acutissima above, cork oak elite stand as nurse-crops, in gathering Quercus acutissima seed and cork oak seed the 9-10 month.Gather seed to return the same day, be that 15% oil tea bran water soaks 30 minutes, desinsection to Quercus acutissima seed or cork oak seed by weight concentration, kill weevil; Spread out in cool place place by the Quercus acutissima seed after desinsection process and cork oak seed, the seed after drying is for carrying out direct seeding forestation.
Freezing not serious area in the winter time, to broadcast seed seed treatment same day and carry out direct seeding forestation in plantation hole; Freezing more serious area fresh clean moistening river sand carries out direct seeding forestation again after hiding vernalization to kind of sublayering sand after spring, soil thawed.
The concrete operation method of described tree planting is as follows:
The plot that selection drought is barren and stony desertification tree planting survival rate is low or be difficult to survive is as direct seeding forestation ground.Plant real gathering first 40 days, according to the seeding row spacing of 1 × 1.5m, length and width, dark 40 × 40 × 30 ㎝ specifications, dig plantation hole wholely, and fill out hole earthing.
By after desinsection process or husky hide vernalization Quercus acutissima seed and cork oak seed broadcast in plantation hole, often cheat 3-4 grain, triangle or square traverse, earthing 2-3 ㎝, cover the weeds not with seed.After direct seeding forestation in 4 years, annual weeding, loosen the soil secondary, and first time weeding, time of loosening the soil, second time weeding, time of loosening the soil were in the 9-11 month in the 5-6 month; Herbicidal methods is for removing top grass and tendril, low or cut down by the treelet that damage by disease and insect endangers and remove, to cultivate its sprout growth to undergrowth, branch within the scope of 5 ㎝ more than plane earth; The method of loosening the soil for around planting pit 50 ㎝ scopes loosen the soil and foster;
When the young growth of 8-10 after plantation, the plant part diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground reaches 8 more than ㎝, during more than height of tree 7m, namely reach technical maturity, can utilize according to 30% selective cutting of preserving strain number, stump height is no more than more than ground 5 ㎝ scope, within every 3 years later, by preserving 30% selective cutting of strain number once, simultaneously to undergrowth, cutting down by damage by disease and insect harm trees and removing, tail footpath 4 more than ㎝ makes charcoal and heat energy power-generating for concentrating, and 4 ㎝ pitch for cultivating the edible mushroom such as mushroom, auricularia auriculajudae with undershoot.
By the method, after-culture and tending method are carried out equally to existing inferior Low-efficiency forest.
Claims (9)
1. a method of forestation for mountain area Quercus acutissima, cork oak bio-energy forest, is characterized in that: comprise breeding and afforestation and direct seeding forestation; Described breeding and afforestation comprises seed collection, seed treatment, strong seedling cultivation, tree planting, foster and to manage and protect and selective cutting utilizes operation, and concrete operation step is as follows:
(1) seed collection:
Selection straightness of stem is strong, robust growth, life in 15 years excellent Quercus acutissima above, cork oak elite stand as nurse-crops, in gathering Quercus acutissima seed and cork oak seed the 9-10 month;
(2) seed treatment:
Gather seed to return the same day, be that 15% oil tea bran water soaks 30 minutes, desinsection to Quercus acutissima seed or cork oak seed by weight concentration, kill weevil; Spread out in cool place place by the Quercus acutissima seed after desinsection process and cork oak seed, the seed after drying is for carrying out breeding and afforestation;
(3) strong seedling cultivation:
1. nursery is selected: select physical features smooth, draining is good, has the sandy loam of irrigation conditions, light loam as nursery, turns over, harrows entirely;
2. cut root vernalization: husky Tibetan vernalization, treat that plumule grows 2-3 ㎝ and clips the tip of a root in time, then move on to the interior plantation of the nonwoven container bag that matrix is housed, obtain Quercus acutissima container seedling and cork oak container seedling;
3. cultivation of container seedling: Quercus acutissima container seedling and cork oak container seedling are placed on seedling bed, every furrow 25-30 is capable to be evenly close to, furrow interval 30-40 ㎝ pavement, furrow edge earthing is to same high with nonwoven container bag, and container seedling goes out garden afforestation after trickle and weeding manage and protect 1 year;
(4) tree planting:
1. plantation measures: select good, that soil layer is thick, survival rate the is high plot of land occupation condition to carry out tree planting;
2. wholely: 25-45 days before afforestation, according to the seeding row spacing of 1 × 1.5m, length and width, dark 40 × 40 × 30 ㎝ specifications, dig pit wholely, and fill out hole earthing;
3. container seedling is planted: in autumn and winter in overcast and rainy season, growth selection is healthy and strong, without branch, plant without the Quercus acutissima container seedling of damage by disease and insect, annual, water of drenching and cork oak container seedling, dig at center, afforestation and soil preparation hole slightly wider than nonwoven container bag, with the planting pit of the degree of depth, vertically Quercus acutissima container seedling and cork oak container seedling are put into planting pit, 2-3 earthing is divided to tread, lid layer loosens the soil again, covers around planting pit with weeds;
Foster and manage and protect: mainly carry out weeding and loosen the soil and foster;
(6) selective cutting utilizes: when the young growth of 8-10 after plantation, the plant part diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground reaches 8 more than ㎝, during more than height of tree 7m, namely reach technical maturity, can utilize according to 30% selective cutting of preserving strain number, stump height is no more than more than ground 5 ㎝ scope, within every 3 years later, by preserving 30% selective cutting of strain number once, simultaneously to undergrowth, cutting down by damage by disease and insect harm trees and removing, tail footpath 4 more than ㎝ makes charcoal and heat energy power-generating for concentrating, and 4 ㎝ pitch for cultivating the edible mushroom such as mushroom, auricularia auriculajudae with undershoot.
2. the method for forestation of a kind of mountain area according to claim 1 Quercus acutissima, cork oak bio-energy forest, is characterized in that: the strong seedling cultivation described in step (3) is freezing not serious area in the winter time, within seed treatment 3-5 day, carry out strong seedling cultivation; Freezing more serious area fresh clean moistening river sand is hidden kind of sublayering sand, after spring, soil thawed, carry out strong seedling cultivation again.
3. the method for forestation of a kind of mountain area according to claim 1 Quercus acutissima, cork oak bio-energy forest, it is characterized in that: the preparation method of the matrix described in step (3) is for excavating aseptic yellow soil, admix the superphosphate base manure of weight concentration 3-5% after pulverizing and sieving, make after mixing.
4. the method for forestation of a kind of mountain area according to claim 1 Quercus acutissima, cork oak bio-energy forest, is characterized in that: the container bag specification described in step (3) is the non-woven container bag of 8 × 12 ㎝.
5. the method for forestation of a kind of mountain area according to claim 1 Quercus acutissima, cork oak bio-energy forest, it is characterized in that: it is with fresh clean moistening river sand or directly in the sand Tibetan vernalization of furrow face that the sand of step (3) hides vernalization, keep river sand moistening, temperature keeps 18-26 DEG C.
6. the method for forestation of a kind of mountain area according to claim 1 Quercus acutissima, cork oak bio-energy forest, it is characterized in that: the time that the weeding described in step (5) and loosening the soil is fostered is after tree planting 3 years, annual weeding, loosen the soil secondary, first time weeding, time of loosening the soil, second time weeding, time of loosening the soil were in the 9-11 month in the 5-6 month; Herbicidal methods is for removing top grass and tendril, low or cut down by the treelet that damage by disease and insect endangers and remove, to cultivate its sprout growth to undergrowth, branch within the scope of 5 ㎝ more than plane earth; The method of loosening the soil for around planting pit 50 ㎝ scopes loosen the soil and foster.
7. the method for forestation of a kind of mountain area according to claim 1 Quercus acutissima, cork oak bio-energy forest, it is characterized in that: described direct seeding forestation comprises seed collection, seed treatment, direct seeding forestation, foster and to manage and protect and selective cutting utilizes operation, concrete operation step is as follows:
(1) seed collection:
Selection straightness of stem is strong, robust growth, life in 15 years excellent Quercus acutissima above, cork oak elite stand as nurse-crops, in gathering Quercus acutissima seed and cork oak seed the 9-10 month;
(2) seed treatment:
Gather seed to return the same day, be that 15% oil tea bran water soaks 30 minutes, desinsection to Quercus acutissima seed or cork oak seed by weight concentration, kill weevil; Spread out in cool place place by the Quercus acutissima seed after desinsection process and cork oak seed, the seed after drying is for carrying out direct seeding forestation;
(3) direct seeding forestation:
1. plantation measures: select drought and barren and stony desertification tree planting survival rate low or be difficult to the plot that survives as direct seeding forestation ground;
2. wholely: plant 25-45 days before gathering in fact, according to the seeding row spacing of 1 × 1.5m, length and width, dark 40 × 40 × 30 ㎝ specifications, dig plantation hole wholely, and fill out hole earthing;
3. direct seeding forestation: that step (2) obtained or after sand Tibetan vernalization Quercus acutissima seed and cork oak seed are broadcast in plantation hole, often cheat 3-4 grain, triangle or square traverse, earthing 2-3 ㎝, cover the weeds not with seed;
(4) foster and manage and protect: after direct seeding forestation in 4 years, annual weeding, loosen the soil secondary, and first time weeding, time of loosening the soil, second time weeding, time of loosening the soil were in the 9-11 month in the 5-6 month; Herbicidal methods is for removing top grass and tendril, low or cut down by the treelet that damage by disease and insect endangers and remove, to cultivate its sprout growth to undergrowth, branch within the scope of 5 ㎝ more than plane earth; The method of loosening the soil for around planting pit 50 ㎝ scopes loosen the soil and foster;
(5) selective cutting utilizes: when the young growth of 8-10 after plantation, the plant part diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground reaches 8 more than ㎝, during more than height of tree 7m, namely reach technical maturity, can utilize according to 30% selective cutting of preserving strain number, stump height is no more than more than ground 5 ㎝ scope, within every 3 years later, by preserving 30% selective cutting of strain number once, simultaneously to undergrowth, cutting down by damage by disease and insect harm trees and removing, tail footpath 4 more than ㎝ makes charcoal and heat energy power-generating for concentrating, and 4 ㎝ pitch for cultivating the edible mushroom such as mushroom, auricularia auriculajudae with undershoot.
8. the method for forestation of a kind of mountain area according to claim 7 Quercus acutissima, cork oak bio-energy forest, it is characterized in that: the direct seeding forestation described in step (3) is freezing not serious area in the winter time, seed treatment same day seed broadcast and carry out direct seeding forestation in plantation hole; Freezing more serious area fresh clean moistening river sand carries out direct seeding forestation again after hiding vernalization to kind of sublayering sand after spring, soil thawed.
9. the method for forestation of a kind of mountain area according to claim 7 Quercus acutissima, cork oak bio-energy forest, it is characterized in that: the weeding described in step (4) and time of fostering of loosening the soil are after direct seeding forestation 4 years, annual weeding, loosen the soil secondary, first time weeding, time of loosening the soil, second time weeding, time of loosening the soil were in the 9-11 month in the 5-6 month; Herbicidal methods is for removing top grass and tendril, low or cut down by the treelet that damage by disease and insect endangers and remove, to cultivate its sprout growth to undergrowth, branch within the scope of 5 ㎝ more than plane earth; The method of loosening the soil for around planting pit 50 ㎝ scopes loosen the soil and foster.
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| RU2648395C1 (en) * | 2017-01-10 | 2018-03-26 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Поволжский государственный технологический университет" | Method for creating of english oak mixed forest crops using seedlings with a closed root system |
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| CN111201939A (en) * | 2020-03-05 | 2020-05-29 | 上海市林业总站 | Method for constructing oak tree hybrid forest in long triangular waterlogging and humid region |
| CN111467712A (en) * | 2020-04-20 | 2020-07-31 | 李胜成 | Forest vegetation planting method with fire extinguishing and controlling functions |
| CN114938751A (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2022-08-26 | 山东省栓皮栎产业技术研究院有限公司 | High-survival-rate short-period intensive seedling raising method for quercus variabilis |
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