CN104365463A - Soilless culture method for plum blossom bonsai - Google Patents
Soilless culture method for plum blossom bonsai Download PDFInfo
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- CN104365463A CN104365463A CN201410664621.XA CN201410664621A CN104365463A CN 104365463 A CN104365463 A CN 104365463A CN 201410664621 A CN201410664621 A CN 201410664621A CN 104365463 A CN104365463 A CN 104365463A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of planting, and particularly provides a soilless culture method for a plum blossom bonsai. The soilless culture method includes the following steps: A, transplanting a plum blossom into a pot, and B, carrying out maintenance management. The soilless culture method is characterized in that as for the plum blossom named Zhusha, a matrix and maintenance method high in survival rate, in particular to a method for regulating and controlling the flowering phase is provided. The invention further provides application of the soilless culture method for the plum blossom bonsai to plum blossom bonsai production. By means of the soilless culture method, the problems that a common planting mode for the plum blossom bonsai is large in mass and difficult to carry, and export quarantine is limited are solved, broad space is developed for exporting of the plum blossom bonsai, and finally the survival rate of the plum blossom bonsai reaches 95%.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to planting technology field, be specifically related to a kind of plum blossom soilless culture method for potted landscape.
Background technology
Plum blossom, belongs to rose family Prunus, originates in Southwestern China portion, for China the large famous flower of tradition ten first of.Plum blooms early spring, and the florescence is long, signifies pure and noble, firm and indomitable.Plum blossom purposes is various, and except in gardens, outdoor cropping confession is viewed and admired, also can produce cut-flower or forcing culture, plum strain also can be planted as potted flower.There is the problems such as quality weight, difficult, export quarantine be limited in traditional planting system, greatly constrains further developing of plum blossom potted landscape industry.
Xiong Caifeng etc. (Xiong Caifeng, Zhang Bo. Experiments for Quick Cultivation of Potted Mei Plants, Beijing Forestry University's journal, in December, 2004,26th volume supplementary issue) select ' in vain must cinnabar ' ' Huqiu powder in evening ' the annual grafting of the kinds of plum blossom more than 50 such as ' bean sheet jelly palace powder ' is examination material, adopts the measure for promoting blossom such as chemicals treatment, high furrow dense planting, pruning, the rational application of fertilizer and button water to carry out the cultivation of plum blossom potted landscape.Concrete grammar is as follows:
In Mei Flower Research Centre of China plantation of cultivar resources, choose these more easily form bud, and growth potential is strong, sprout tillers very fast, the plum blossom kind of large flower and brilliant color, florescence length, leading grafting, then be used as to try material with the one year seedling of robust growth.
1. the short strong process of rootstock seedling
The stock seed of transition dormancy in ground, garden, late Febuary to early March starts to be unearthed.When growing to certain rugosity to anvil seedling about mid-April, in liftoff 5 ~ 8cm place cutting back, after about 1 week, sprouting just can be extracted out, and leave and take 3 sproutings, other are erased.When young sprout grows to 3 ~ 5cm, spray certain density chlormequat.
2. downgrade short flower processing method
First M is used at early growth period
1the chlormequat (CCC) of concentration sprays once every 7 ~ 10d, and in conjunction with spray leaf fertilizer, impels branch sturdy.Enter when growing Rapid development stage, use M instead
2concentration chlormequat, interval 5 ~ 7d sprays once.And in conjunction with spray leaf fertilizer, to weaken apical dominance, impel side shoot to sprout, and prepare for flower bud differentiation.Growing latter stage, branch grows to certain length and nourishes and grows by when stopping, and uses M instead
3concentration paclobutrazol (PP
333) process, impel branch to stop early nourishing and growing, lay in enough nutrients and carry out flower bud differentiation.Note during spray medicine, as found to occur rainfall in 6h, then should mend and execute.Variable concentrations plant growth regulator compound method: M
1: 50% chlormequat (aqua CCC) of 3000mgPkg; M
2: 50% chlormequat (aqua CCC) of 5000mgPkg; M
3: the 15% paclobutrazol (PP of 150mgPkg
333).
3. other short flower cultivation steps
1) want timely weeding spring, erase the bud on stock as early as possible, for the repetition branch on young sprout, overstocked branch, extract early;
2) when after shoot growth to certain phase, control ground fertilising, prevent from nourishing and growing prosperous;
3) after branch stops growing, appropriateness arid, water less as far as possible, parch and watering again;
4) extermination of disease and insect pest work is carried out.
The defect that said method exists is as follows: when carrying out plum blossom cultivation, adopt conventional technological means, and fails to change the limited problem of quality weight that plum blossom potted landscape exists, difficult, export quarantine, constrains the development of potted landscape industrialization.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to the present situation for the problem such as plum blossom potted landscape quality weight in prior art, difficult, export quarantine be limited, a kind of plum blossom soilless culture method for potted landscape is provided, with light weight, low-maintenance, low cost, clean, well-grown for goal in research, exploring plum blossom potted landscape cultivation technique without soil, is the space that plum blossom potted landscape outlet developing is more wide.
The invention provides a kind of plum blossom soilless culture method for potted landscape, comprise the steps:
Basin in A transplanting;
B maintenance management.
Wherein, described in A, transplant upper basin, for plum blossom being transplanted basin at the beginning of 4 months.
Wherein, transplant upper basin described in A, comprise the steps:
A1 clear water washes root;
A2 soaks water of taking root;
A3 basin device is sterilized;
The upper basin of A4;
A5 waters carbendazim 800 times of liquid disinfectant matrix;
It is 25% Japanese garden trial operation nutrient solution that A6 waters mass fraction.
Wherein, soaking water of taking root described in A2 is aqueous solution ABT root-inducing powder being made into 50 ~ 200mg/Kg, then plum blossom root is immersed in wherein 1h.
Wherein, basin device sterilization described in A3 is for sterilize to basin device with the liquor potassic permanganate of mass percentage 5%.
Wherein, described in A4, upper basin is for taking out plum blossom seedling, loads in 30cm bore, the dark gage plastic flowerpot of 35cm, is sure not compacting.
Wherein, matrix described in A5 is volume ratio perlite: vermiculite: potter's clay grain=6:3:1.
Wherein, described in A, transplant upper basin, also comprise transplanting and within first 1 day, carry out garden mould soil disinfection, matrix configuration, plum stake moisturizing.
Wherein, maintenance management described in B, comprises the steps:
B1 manages spring
Slow seedling two weeks after basin in transplanting, In Shade, every 4d supplements clear water 500mL, and on average watering weekly mass fraction is 25% Japanese garden trial operation nutrient solution, 1 700mL; Plum blossom is transferred to greenhouse illumination place disinfection after basin 10d by transplanting; Plum blossom is moved to outdoor by late April, promotes that shoot is at good grown under lighting conditions; Mid or late May, the young sprout of plum blossom stopped growing substantially, and prune, leaf bud to be retained again is sprouted and grown to 18-22cm and carries out pinching;
B2 summer management
B 2-1 prunes: late June to July, plum blossom started flower bud differentiation, to remove 2 ~ 3 buds of shoot apex then July, needs to stop pruning, avoid cutting spray after July;
B 2-2 water and fertilizer management: summer, flower bud differentiation period was every 10d nutrient solution 1 time, each 700mL;
B 2-3 light temperature manages: ensure substantial light photograph, frequent rotatable flowerpot makes whole strain basin plum evenly accept illumination; At 11 in fine day morning 7 ~ August puts down shade net to 5 illumination in afternoon strong period, and in adjustment canopy, maximum temperature is no more than 36 DEG C, relative moisture is not less than 25%;
B 2-4 blooming period management: start the potassium dihydrogen phosphate at foliage-spray mass percentage 0.5% July, every first quarter moon once, connects and executes 3 times, and according to the requirement florescence alternation of market to the florescence;
B 2-5 prevents waterlogging: the rainy day covers rainproof plastic foil; Rainy weather there was dampness in the air corresponding minimizing moisture and to nutrient solution supply;
The B 2-6 extermination of disease and insect pest: regularly sterilization, deinsectization;
B3 autumn and resting stage manage
Every two weeks nutrient solution once, each 700ml; Pruning is about the eugonic excessive growth branch of 40cm, notes avoiding cutting off spray.
Wherein, be trimmed to side shoot reservation 2 ~ 3 buds described in B1 and cut short, trunk branch stays 4 ~ 5 bud cutting backs.
Wherein, B 2-4 blooming period management, for:
As needs open in advance, daytime, common sunlight, improved greenhouse temperature to 14-16 DEG C, and often spraying keeps relative air humidity to be 60%;
As open in postponed, the cold house that can reduce warm indoor temperature to 4 ~ 8 DEG C or move to without heating installation, and bloom at needs and shift to an earlier date 10 days day and heat gradually.
The present invention also provides the application of plum blossom soilless culture method for potted landscape in plum blossom potted landscape is produced.
Advantage of the present invention is as follows:
Instant invention overcomes the common planting system of plum blossom potted landscape and there is the problems such as quality weight, difficult, export quarantine be limited, be the more wide space of plum blossom potted landscape outlet developing, finally make plum blossom potted landscape survival rate reach 95%.
Embodiment
Following examples further illustrate content of the present invention, but should not be construed as limitation of the present invention.Without departing from the spirit and substance of the case in the present invention, the amendment do the inventive method, step or condition or replacement, all belong to scope of the present invention.
If do not specialize, the conventional means that technological means used in embodiment is well known to those skilled in the art.
Embodiment 1
It is ' cinnabar ' 40 strain that the ground of stock plants true plum system palace powder Breeds that material is selected from that Shandong chooses with mountain peach.Just locate the florescence, not long young leaves.After lifting is pruned, highly differ, on average about 51.7cm.Plum blossom bonsai style is large tree-shaped, bent dry type, belongs to medium-sized plum blossom potted landscape.
Prepare 30cm bore, 40,35cm dark gage plastic flowerpot, supporting plastic pallet 40.
Carry out garden mould soil disinfection, work such as matrix configuration (matrix selects volume ratio perlite: vermiculite: potter's clay grain=6:3:1), plum stake moisturizing etc. on April 2nd, 2011, next day, (on April 3rd, 2011), 8 a.m. carried out plum blossom transplanting, and whole process remains in shady and cool environment carries out.Transplanting job step is as follows:
1) clear water washes root;
2) water (ABT root-inducing powder is made into the aqueous solution of 50 ~ 200mg/Kg, then plum blossom root is immersed in wherein 1h) of taking root is soaked;
3) basin device sterilization (weigh 50 grams of potassium permanganate, and add water surely heavy to 1000 grams in stirring simultaneously, be made into the liquor potassic permanganate of mass percentage 5%, to the sterilization of basin device);
4) upper basin (carefully take out plum blossom seedling, load in 30cm bore, the dark gage plastic flowerpot of 35cm, during upper basin, be sure not compacting, otherwise be difficult to water permeable, be lowered into motility rate);
5) carbendazim 800 times of liquid (1g carbendazim adds the solution that 800ml water is configured to 800 times) matrix of sterilizing is watered;
6) watering mass fraction is 25% Japanese garden trial operation nutrient solution.
Mass fraction is the Japanese garden trial operation nutrient solution of 25%, and concrete proportioning is in table 1, table 2:
Table 1 mass fraction is the Japanese garden trial operation nutrient solution shoot proliferation of 25%
| Macroelement | Ca(NO 3) 2·4H 2O | KNO 3 | NH 4H 2PO 4 | MgSO 4·7H 2O |
| Consumption (mg/L) | 945 | 809 | 153 | 493 |
Table 2 mass fraction is the Japanese garden trial operation nutrient solution microelement match of 25%
Whole cultivation needs meticulous maintenance management.
1) management in spring
Spring over Beijing air is drier, and the seedling-slowing stage of the nearly two weeks of plum stake after upper basin, should be In Shade, and every 4d supplements clear water 500mL, and on average watering weekly mass fraction is 25% Japanese garden trial operation nutrient solution 1 time (700mL).Plant after 10d and basin plum is transferred to greenhouse illumination place, clean pelvic surface of sacrum, pallet and surrounding environment, spray 5000 times of carbendazim solutions (1g carbendazim adds the solution that 5000ml water is configured to 5000 times) disinfection, the recurrence in spring of control plum stake wintering pest evil.Plum blossom is moved to outdoor by late April, promotes that shoot is at good grown under lighting conditions.Mid or late May, the young sprout of plum blossom stopped growing substantially, and at this moment prune plum stake, side shoot retains 2 ~ 3 buds and cuts short, and trunk branch stays 4 ~ 5 bud cutting backs.After about 40 days, the leaf bud of reservation can be sprouted again, and wait grows to about 20cm (18-22cm, lower same) and carries out pinching again, suppression apical growth, promotes below side shoot sprouting and branch increasing slightly.Potted landscape is pruned can control plant type, promotes to sprout new buds, plentiful tree crown.
2) summer management
2-1) prune: late June to July, plum blossom started flower bud differentiation, can remove 2 ~ 3 buds of shoot apex, wait for that it grows leaf bud again about July then.Need after July to stop pruning, avoid cutting spray.It is on plant top that plum blossom flower raw ideal position, and general bud is at annual branch end, and three or four buds of shoot apex are leaf bud.To only blooming and the situation of leaf bud length on branch, be difficult to after spending carry out pruning and controlling branch length.
2-2) water and fertilizer management: the phosphorus potassium liquid manure of dilution is used in flower bud differentiation period increase in summer, every 10d nutrient solution 1 time (700mL).
2-3) light temperature management: ensure substantial light photograph, frequent rotatable flowerpot makes whole strain basin plum evenly accept illumination; Fine day illumination in 7 ~ August is strong, need put down shade net at 11 in the fine day morning to 5 illumination in afternoon strong period, avoids blade burnt by day and injury and falling leaves.In adjustment canopy, maximum temperature is no more than 36 DEG C, relative moisture is not less than 25%, avoids newborn branches and leaves to occur to burn day.
2-4) blooming period management: start the potassium dihydrogen phosphate at foliage-spray mass percentage 0.5% July, every first quarter moon once, connect and execute 3 times, and according to the requirement florescence alternation of market to the florescence: as needs open in advance, daytime common as far as possible sunlight, improve greenhouse temperature to about 15 DEG C (14-16 DEG C, lower same), often spraying keeps relative air humidity to be 60%.As open in postponed, the cold house that can reduce warm indoor temperature to 4 ~ 8 DEG C or move to without heating installation, and bloom at needs and shift to an earlier date 10 days day and heat gradually.
2-5) prevent waterlogging: the rainy day covers rainproof plastic foil, rainproof prevention waterlogging; There was dampness in the air for rainy weather, then corresponding minimizing water replenishment and to nutrient solution supply.
2-6) the extermination of disease and insect pest: simultaneously strengthen the extermination of disease and insect pest, regularly sterilization, deinsectization.If plum stake is subject to the invasion and attack of serious damage by disease and insect, growth potential can be weakened greatly, will cause bud cannot normal differentiation.
3) autumn and resting stage manage
Beijing area rainfall reduces, and regrow because illumination water and fertilizer condition is suitable for plum stake shoot, now corresponding minimizing liquid manure supply, every two weeks nutrient solution once (each 700ml).Pruning is about the eugonic excessive growth branch of 40cm, keeps tree-like, subtracts oligotrophic consumption, promotes annual branch lignification.To the pruning of water sprout after plum blossom fall foliage, what see shoot growth clearly is bud or leaf bud, avoids cutting off spray, affects appreciation effect in the coming year.
The survival rate of statistics soilless culture, ' cinnabar ' plum survival rate is to 95%.
Embodiment 2
It is ' cinnabar ' 40 strain that the ground of stock plants true plum system palace powder Breeds that material is selected from that Shandong chooses with mountain peach.Just locate the florescence, not long young leaves.After lifting is pruned, highly differ, on average about 51.7cm.Plum blossom bonsai style is large tree-shaped, bent dry type, belongs to medium-sized plum blossom potted landscape.
Prepare 30cm bore, 40,35cm dark gage plastic flowerpot, supporting plastic pallet 40.
Carry out garden mould soil disinfection on April 2nd, 2011, (matrix selects the 0.5mm peat composed of rotten mosses, gardening vermiculite, gardening perlite three kinds of matrix to be made into the volume ratio peat composed of rotten mosses: vermiculite: perlite=1:1:1 in matrix configuration; Compound method, for first will add water in perlite, makes it keep moistening, for subsequent use.Lay one deck plastic foil on the ground, mixed-matrix in proportion), the work such as plum stake moisturizing, next day (on April 3rd, 2011) 8 a.m. carries out plum blossom transplanting, and whole process remains in shady and cool environment carries out.Transplanting job step is as follows:
1) clear water washes root;
2) water (ABT root-inducing powder is made into the aqueous solution of 50 ~ 200mg/Kg, then plum blossom root is immersed in wherein 1h) of taking root is soaked;
3) basin device sterilization (weigh 50 grams of potassium permanganate, and add water surely heavy to 1000 grams in stirring simultaneously, be made into the liquor potassic permanganate of mass percentage 5%, to the sterilization of basin device);
4) upper basin (carefully take out plum blossom seedling, load in 30cm bore, the dark gage plastic flowerpot of 35cm, during upper basin, be sure not compacting, otherwise be difficult to water permeable, be lowered into motility rate);
5) carbendazim 800 times of liquid (1g carbendazim adds the solution that 800ml water is configured to 800 times) matrix of sterilizing is watered;
6) watering mass fraction is 25% Japanese garden trial operation nutrient solution.
Whole cultivation needs meticulous maintenance management.
1) management in spring
Spring over Beijing air is drier, and the seedling-slowing stage of the nearly two weeks of plum stake after upper basin, should be In Shade, and every 4d supplements clear water 500mL, and on average watering weekly mass fraction is 25% Japanese garden trial operation nutrient solution 1 time (700mL).Plant after 10d and basin plum is transferred to greenhouse illumination place, clean pelvic surface of sacrum, pallet and surrounding environment, sprays 5000 times of carbendazim solution disinfections, and the spring of control plum stake wintering pest evil recurs.Plum blossom is moved to outdoor by late April, promotes that shoot is at good grown under lighting conditions.Mid or late May, the young sprout of plum blossom stopped growing substantially, and at this moment prune plum stake, side shoot retains 2 ~ 3 buds and cuts short, and trunk branch stays 4 ~ 5 bud cutting backs.After about 40 days, the leaf bud of reservation can be sprouted again, waits for that growing to about 20cm carries out pinching again, suppresses apical growth, promotes that below side shoot sprouting and branch increase thick.Potted landscape is pruned can control plant type, promotes to sprout new buds, plentiful tree crown.
2) summer management
2-1) prune: late June to July, plum blossom started flower bud differentiation, can remove 2 ~ 3 buds of shoot apex, wait for that it grows leaf bud again about July then.Need after July to stop pruning, avoid cutting spray.It is on plant top that plum blossom flower raw ideal position, and general bud is at annual branch end, and three or four buds of shoot apex are leaf bud.To only blooming and the situation of leaf bud length on branch, be difficult to after spending carry out pruning and controlling branch length.
2-2) water and fertilizer management: the phosphorus potassium liquid manure of dilution is used in flower bud differentiation period increase in summer, every 10d nutrient solution 1 time (700mL).
2-3) light temperature management: ensure substantial light photograph, frequent rotatable flowerpot makes whole strain basin plum evenly accept illumination; Fine day illumination in 7 ~ August is strong, need put down shade net at 11 in the fine day morning to 5 illumination in afternoon strong period, avoids blade burnt by day and injury and falling leaves.In adjustment canopy, maximum temperature is no more than 36 DEG C, relative moisture is not less than 25%, avoids newborn branches and leaves to occur to burn day.
2-4) blooming period management: start the potassium dihydrogen phosphate at foliage-spray mass percentage 0.5% July, every first quarter moon once, connect and execute 3 times, and according to the requirement florescence alternation of market to the florescence: as needs open in advance, daytime common as far as possible sunlight, improve greenhouse temperature to about 15 DEG C, often spraying keeps relative air humidity to be 60%.As open in postponed, the cold house that can reduce warm indoor temperature to 4 ~ 8 DEG C or move to without heating installation, and bloom at needs and shift to an earlier date 10 days day and heat gradually.
2-5) prevent waterlogging: the rainy day covers rainproof plastic foil, rainproof prevention waterlogging; There was dampness in the air for rainy weather, then corresponding minimizing water replenishment and to nutrient solution supply.
2-6) the extermination of disease and insect pest: simultaneously strengthen the extermination of disease and insect pest, regularly sterilization, deinsectization.If plum stake is subject to the invasion and attack of serious damage by disease and insect, growth potential can be weakened greatly, will cause bud cannot normal differentiation.
3) autumn and resting stage manage
Beijing area rainfall reduces, and regrow because illumination water and fertilizer condition is suitable for plum stake shoot, now corresponding minimizing liquid manure supply, every two weeks nutrient solution once (each 700ml).Pruning is about the eugonic excessive growth branch of 40cm, keeps tree-like, subtracts oligotrophic consumption, promotes annual branch lignification.To the pruning of water sprout after plum blossom fall foliage, what see shoot growth clearly is bud or leaf bud, avoids cutting off spray, affects appreciation effect in the coming year.
The survival rate of statistics soilless culture, ' cinnabar ' plum survival rate is to 86.7%.
Embodiment 3
It is ' cinnabar ' 40 strain that the ground of stock plants true plum system palace powder Breeds that material is selected from that Shandong chooses with mountain peach.Just locate the florescence, not long young leaves.After lifting is pruned, highly differ, on average about 51.7cm.Plum blossom bonsai style is large tree-shaped, bent dry type, belongs to medium-sized plum blossom potted landscape.
Prepare 30cm bore, 40,35cm dark gage plastic flowerpot, supporting plastic pallet 40.
Carry out garden mould soil disinfection on April 2nd, 2011, (matrix selects the 0.5mm peat composed of rotten mosses, gardening vermiculite is made into the volume ratio peat composed of rotten mosses: vermiculite=1:1 in matrix configuration; Compound method is lay one deck plastic foil, mixed-matrix in proportion on the ground), the work such as plum stake moisturizing, next day (on April 3rd, 2011) 8 a.m. carries out plum blossom transplanting, and whole process remains in shady and cool environment carries out.Transplanting job step is as follows:
1) clear water washes root;
2) water (ABT root-inducing powder is made into the aqueous solution of 50 ~ 200mg/Kg, then plum blossom root is immersed in wherein 1h) of taking root is soaked;
3) basin device sterilization (weigh 50 grams of potassium permanganate, and add water surely heavy to 1000 grams in stirring simultaneously, be made into the liquor potassic permanganate of mass percentage 5%, to the sterilization of basin device);
4) upper basin (carefully take out plum blossom seedling, load in 30cm bore, the dark gage plastic flowerpot of 35cm, during upper basin, be sure not compacting, otherwise be difficult to water permeable, be lowered into motility rate);
5) carbendazim 800 times of liquid (1g carbendazim adds the solution that 800ml water is configured to 800 times) matrix of sterilizing is watered;
6) watering mass fraction is 25% Japanese garden trial operation nutrient solution.
Whole cultivation needs meticulous maintenance management.
1) management in spring
Spring over Beijing air is drier, and the seedling-slowing stage of the nearly two weeks of plum stake after upper basin, should be In Shade, and every 4d supplements clear water 500mL, and on average watering weekly mass fraction is 25% Japanese garden trial operation nutrient solution 1 time (700mL).Plant after 10d and basin plum is transferred to greenhouse illumination place, clean pelvic surface of sacrum, pallet and surrounding environment, sprays 5000 times of carbendazim solution disinfections, and the spring of control plum stake wintering pest evil recurs.Plum blossom is moved to outdoor by late April, promotes that shoot is at good grown under lighting conditions.Mid or late May, the young sprout of plum blossom stopped growing substantially, and at this moment prune plum stake, side shoot retains 2 ~ 3 buds and cuts short, and trunk branch stays 4 ~ 5 bud cutting backs.After about 40 days, the leaf bud of reservation can be sprouted again, waits for that growing to about 20cm carries out pinching again, suppresses apical growth, promotes that below side shoot sprouting and branch increase thick.Potted landscape is pruned can control plant type, promotes to sprout new buds, plentiful tree crown.
2) summer management
2-1) prune: late June to July, plum blossom started flower bud differentiation, can remove 2 ~ 3 buds of shoot apex, wait for that it grows leaf bud again about July then.Need after July to stop pruning, avoid cutting spray.It is on plant top that plum blossom flower raw ideal position, and general bud is at annual branch end, and three or four buds of shoot apex are leaf bud.To only blooming and the situation of leaf bud length on branch, be difficult to after spending carry out pruning and controlling branch length.
2-2) water and fertilizer management: the phosphorus potassium liquid manure of dilution is used in flower bud differentiation period increase in summer, every 10d nutrient solution 1 time (700mL).
2-3) light temperature management: ensure substantial light photograph, frequent rotatable flowerpot makes whole strain basin plum evenly accept illumination; Fine day illumination in 7 ~ August is strong, need put down shade net at 11 in the fine day morning to 5 illumination in afternoon strong period, avoids blade burnt by day and injury and falling leaves.In adjustment canopy, maximum temperature is no more than 36 DEG C, relative moisture is not less than 25%, avoids newborn branches and leaves to occur to burn day.
2-4) blooming period management: start the potassium dihydrogen phosphate at foliage-spray mass percentage 0.5% July, every first quarter moon once, connect and execute 3 times, and according to the requirement florescence alternation of market to the florescence: as needs open in advance, daytime common as far as possible sunlight, improve greenhouse temperature to about 15 DEG C, often spraying keeps relative air humidity to be 60%.As open in postponed, the cold house that can reduce warm indoor temperature to 4 ~ 8 DEG C or move to without heating installation, and bloom at needs and shift to an earlier date 10 days day and heat gradually.
2-5) prevent waterlogging: the rainy day covers rainproof plastic foil, rainproof prevention waterlogging; There was dampness in the air for rainy weather, then corresponding minimizing water replenishment and to nutrient solution supply.
2-6) the extermination of disease and insect pest: simultaneously strengthen the extermination of disease and insect pest, regularly sterilization, deinsectization.If plum stake is subject to the invasion and attack of serious damage by disease and insect, growth potential can be weakened greatly, will cause bud cannot normal differentiation.
3) autumn and resting stage manage
Beijing area rainfall reduces, and regrow because illumination water and fertilizer condition is suitable for plum stake shoot, now corresponding minimizing liquid manure supply, every two weeks nutrient solution once (each 700ml).Pruning is about the eugonic excessive growth branch of 40cm, keeps tree-like, subtracts oligotrophic consumption, promotes annual branch lignification.To the pruning of water sprout after plum blossom fall foliage, what see shoot growth clearly is bud or leaf bud, avoids cutting off spray, affects appreciation effect in the coming year.
The survival rate of statistics soilless culture, ' cinnabar ' plum survival rate is to 20%.
Embodiment 4
It is ' cinnabar ' 40 strain that the ground of stock plants true plum system palace powder Breeds that material is selected from that Shandong chooses with mountain peach.Just locate the florescence, not long young leaves.After lifting is pruned, highly differ, on average about 51.7cm.Plum blossom bonsai style is large tree-shaped, bent dry type, belongs to medium-sized plum blossom potted landscape.
Prepare 30cm bore, 40,35cm dark gage plastic flowerpot, supporting plastic pallet 40.
Carry out garden mould soil disinfection on April 2nd, 2011, (matrix selects the 0.5mm peat composed of rotten mosses, gardening perlite is made into the volume ratio peat composed of rotten mosses: perlite=1:1 in matrix configuration; Compound method, for first will add water in perlite, makes it keep moistening, for subsequent use.Lay one deck plastic foil on the ground, mixed-matrix in proportion), the work such as plum stake moisturizing, next day (on April 3rd, 2011) 8 a.m. carries out plum blossom transplanting, and whole process remains in shady and cool environment carries out.Transplanting job step is as follows:
1) clear water washes root;
2) water (ABT root-inducing powder is made into the aqueous solution of 50 ~ 200mg/Kg, then plum blossom root is immersed in wherein 1h) of taking root is soaked;
3) basin device sterilization (weigh 50 grams of potassium permanganate, and add water surely heavy to 1000 grams in stirring simultaneously, be made into the liquor potassic permanganate of mass percentage 5%, to the sterilization of basin device);
4) upper basin (carefully take out plum blossom seedling, load in 30cm bore, the dark gage plastic flowerpot of 35cm, during upper basin, be sure not compacting, otherwise be difficult to water permeable, be lowered into motility rate);
5) carbendazim 800 times of liquid (1g carbendazim adds the solution that 800ml water is configured to 800 times) matrix of sterilizing is watered;
6) watering mass fraction is 25% Japanese garden trial operation nutrient solution.
Whole cultivation needs meticulous maintenance management.
1) management in spring
Spring over Beijing air is drier, and the seedling-slowing stage of the nearly two weeks of plum stake after upper basin, should be In Shade, and every 4d supplements clear water 500mL, and on average watering weekly mass fraction is 25% Japanese garden trial operation nutrient solution 1 time (700mL).Plant after 10d and basin plum is transferred to greenhouse illumination place, clean pelvic surface of sacrum, pallet and surrounding environment, sprays 5000 times of carbendazim solution disinfections, and the spring of control plum stake wintering pest evil recurs.Plum blossom is moved to outdoor by late April, promotes that shoot is at good grown under lighting conditions.Mid or late May, the young sprout of plum blossom stopped growing substantially, and at this moment prune plum stake, side shoot retains 2 ~ 3 buds and cuts short, and trunk branch stays 4 ~ 5 bud cutting backs.After about 40 days, the leaf bud of reservation can be sprouted again, waits for that growing to about 20cm carries out pinching again, suppresses apical growth, promotes that below side shoot sprouting and branch increase thick.Potted landscape is pruned can control plant type, promotes to sprout new buds, plentiful tree crown.
2) summer management
2-1) prune: late June to July, plum blossom started flower bud differentiation, can remove 2 ~ 3 buds of shoot apex, wait for that it grows leaf bud again about July then.Need after July to stop pruning, avoid cutting spray.It is on plant top that plum blossom flower raw ideal position, and general bud is at annual branch end, and three or four buds of shoot apex are leaf bud.To only blooming and the situation of leaf bud length on branch, be difficult to after spending carry out pruning and controlling branch length.
2-2) water and fertilizer management: the phosphorus potassium liquid manure of dilution is used in flower bud differentiation period increase in summer, every 10d nutrient solution 1 time (700mL).
2-3) light temperature management: ensure substantial light photograph, frequent rotatable flowerpot makes whole strain basin plum evenly accept illumination; Fine day illumination in 7 ~ August is strong, need put down shade net at 11 in the fine day morning to 5 illumination in afternoon strong period, avoids blade burnt by day and injury and falling leaves.In adjustment canopy, maximum temperature is no more than 36 DEG C, relative moisture is not less than 25%, avoids newborn branches and leaves to occur to burn day.
2-4) blooming period management: start the potassium dihydrogen phosphate at foliage-spray mass percentage 0.5% July, every first quarter moon once, connect and execute 3 times, and according to the requirement florescence alternation of market to the florescence: as needs open in advance, daytime common as far as possible sunlight, improve greenhouse temperature to about 15 DEG C, often spraying keeps relative air humidity to be 60%.As open in postponed, the cold house that can reduce warm indoor temperature to 4 ~ 8 DEG C or move to without heating installation, and bloom at needs and shift to an earlier date 10 days day and heat gradually.
2-5) prevent waterlogging: the rainy day covers rainproof plastic foil, rainproof prevention waterlogging; There was dampness in the air for rainy weather, then corresponding minimizing water replenishment and to nutrient solution supply.
2-6) the extermination of disease and insect pest: simultaneously strengthen the extermination of disease and insect pest, regularly sterilization, deinsectization.If plum stake is subject to the invasion and attack of serious damage by disease and insect, growth potential can be weakened greatly, will cause bud cannot normal differentiation.
3) autumn and resting stage manage
Beijing area rainfall reduces, and regrow because illumination water and fertilizer condition is suitable for plum stake shoot, now corresponding minimizing liquid manure supply, every two weeks nutrient solution once (each 700ml).Pruning is about the eugonic excessive growth branch of 40cm, keeps tree-like, subtracts oligotrophic consumption, promotes annual branch lignification.To the pruning of water sprout after plum blossom fall foliage, what see shoot growth clearly is bud or leaf bud, avoids cutting off spray, affects appreciation effect in the coming year.
The survival rate of statistics soilless culture, ' cinnabar ' plum survival rate is to 40%.
The method of embodiment 1-4 and the contrast of result
The method of total embodiment 1-4 and result, obtain following table:
The method of table 3 embodiment 1-4 and the contrast of result
| Embodiment | Matrix (v/v) | Survival rate |
| 1 | Perlite: vermiculite: potter's clay grain=6:3:1 | 95％ |
| 2 | The peat composed of rotten mosses: vermiculite: perlite=1:1:1 | 86.7％ |
| 3 | The peat composed of rotten mosses: vermiculite=1:1 | 20％ |
| 4 | The peat composed of rotten mosses: perlite=1:1 | 40％ |
As shown in Table 3, the matrix optimum formula that plum blossom potted landscape is used is than being volume ratio perlite: vermiculite: the matrix of potter's clay grain=6:3:1.
Although above the present invention is described in detail with a general description of the specific embodiments, on basis of the present invention, can make some modifications or improvements it, this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Therefore, these modifications or improvements without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention, all belong to the scope of protection of present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a plum blossom soilless culture method for potted landscape, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
Basin in A transplanting;
B maintenance management.
2. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, transplants upper basin described in A, for plum blossom being transplanted basin at the beginning of 4 months.
3. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, transplants upper basin, comprise the steps: described in A
A1 clear water washes root;
A2 soaks water of taking root;
A3 basin device is sterilized;
The upper basin of A4;
A5 waters carbendazim 800 times of liquid disinfectant matrix;
It is 25% Japanese garden trial operation nutrient solution that A6 waters mass fraction.
4. method as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that, soaking water of taking root described in A2 is aqueous solution ABT root-inducing powder being made into 50 ~ 200mg/Kg, then plum blossom root is immersed in wherein 1h.
5. method as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that, described in A4, upper basin is for taking out plum blossom seedling, loads in 30cm bore, the dark gage plastic flowerpot of 35cm, is sure not compacting.
6. method as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, matrix described in A5 is volume ratio perlite: vermiculite: potter's clay grain=6:3:1.
7. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, transplants upper basin described in A, also comprises transplanting within first 1 day, carrying out garden mould soil disinfection, matrix configuration, plum stake moisturizing.
8. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, maintenance management described in B, comprises the steps:
B1 manages spring
Slow seedling two weeks after basin in transplanting, In Shade, every 4d supplements clear water 500mL, and on average watering weekly mass fraction is 25% Japanese garden trial operation nutrient solution, 1 700mL; Plum blossom is transferred to greenhouse illumination place disinfection after basin 10d by transplanting; Plum blossom is moved to outdoor by late April, promotes that shoot is at good grown under lighting conditions; Mid or late May, the young sprout of plum blossom stopped growing substantially, and prune, leaf bud to be retained again is sprouted and grown to 18-22cm and carries out pinching;
B2 summer management
B2-1 prunes: late June to July, plum blossom started flower bud differentiation, to remove 2 ~ 3 buds of shoot apex then July, needs to stop pruning, avoid cutting spray after July;
B2-2 water and fertilizer management: summer, flower bud differentiation period was every 10d nutrient solution 1 time, each 700mL;
B2-3 light temperature manages: ensure substantial light photograph, frequent rotatable flowerpot makes whole strain basin plum evenly accept illumination; At 11 in fine day morning 7 ~ August puts down shade net to 5 illumination in afternoon strong period, and in adjustment canopy, maximum temperature is no more than 36 DEG C, relative moisture is not less than 25%;
B2-4 blooming period management: start the potassium dihydrogen phosphate at foliage-spray mass percentage 0.5% July, every first quarter moon once, connects and executes 3 times, and according to the requirement florescence alternation of market to the florescence;
B2-5 prevents waterlogging: the rainy day covers rainproof plastic foil; Rainy weather there was dampness in the air corresponding minimizing moisture and to nutrient solution supply;
The B2-6 extermination of disease and insect pest: regularly sterilization, deinsectization;
B3 autumn and resting stage manage
Every two weeks nutrient solution once, each 700ml; Pruning is about the eugonic excessive growth branch of 40cm, notes avoiding cutting off spray.
9. method as claimed in claim 8, is characterized in that, florescence alternation described in B2-4, for:
As needs open in advance, daytime, common sunlight, improved greenhouse temperature to 14-16 DEG C, and often spraying keeps relative air humidity to be 60%;
As open in postponed, the cold house that can reduce warm indoor temperature to 4 ~ 8 DEG C or move to without heating installation, and bloom at needs and shift to an earlier date 10 days day and heat gradually.
10. the application of the plum blossom soilless culture method for potted landscape described in any one of claim 1-9 in plum blossom potted landscape is produced.
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