CN114885866A - Ecological fish culture method using composite beneficial algae - Google Patents
Ecological fish culture method using composite beneficial algae Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G33/00—Cultivation of seaweed or algae
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Seaweed (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an ecological fish culture method by utilizing composite beneficial algae, which belongs to the technical field of aquaculture and comprises the steps of primary seed preservation culture of the composite algae, secondary production culture of the composite algae, input and seed reservation of the composite algae, tertiary continuous culture of the composite algae, management of the composite algae in an aquaculture pond and supplementary input of the composite algae in the aquaculture pond. The invention has scientific and reasonable design and convenient use, directionally cultures the composite algae beneficial to the development of the ecological system of the aquaculture water body and puts the composite algae into the aquaculture pond, so that the composite algae can quickly become dominant species and is stable in water for a long time to maintain the balance and health of the ecological system of the pond, thereby further enhancing the immunity of fish organisms and improving the yield of fish.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to an ecological fish culture method using composite beneficial algae.
Background
The traditional fish culture method is to perform mixed culture of various fishes in the same water body, not only a certain amount of artificial feed is fed, but also the food resources of the water body are fully utilized, and meanwhile, an aquatic ecosystem is connected with a terrestrial ecosystem, so that complementary and mutual benefits are achieved. Ecological fish culture belongs to a branch of ecological agriculture, and an ecological economic system is organized by taking water as a support and taking fish culture as a core.
The ecological fish culture utilizes abundant beneficial microorganisms in water to establish a complete water quality purification and ecological circulation system. The ecological fish culture adopts the online sensor to monitor water quality in a three-dimensional mode and controls the aerator to carry out three-dimensional oxygenation in a system mode, so that damage to a water ecological system caused by severe weather is avoided; meanwhile, the components (organic matters and inorganic matters) in the balance water are monitored and analyzed, and the balance and stability of four phases among decomposers (bacterial phases), producers (algal phases) and consumers (zooplankton and fishes) are maintained; the system quantitatively feeds easily digestible high-quality complete buoyancy bait, regularly puts in beneficial bacteria (EM bacteria, bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria and the like) to decompose residual bait excrement, cultures beneficial algae (diatom, chlorella, scenedesmus and the like), cultures beneficial insects (zooplankton), takes aquatic weeds as the bait and produces dissolved oxygen, and puts in enough natural bait for feeding and recycling such as filter feeding spotted silver carps and the like. Therefore, the quality and quality of the fish are improved, the yield of the fish is increased, the water quality is purified, and the win-win situation is realized.
Microalgae, also known as unicellular algae, is a microscopic population of algae whose morphology can only be discerned under a microscope, accounting for approximately 70% of the 3 million species of algae known worldwide. Microalgae is a photoautotroph with water as an electron donor, and the complex organic matter is synthesized by using light energy as an energy source and utilizing nutrient substances such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like. Nitrate, nitrite and ammonium salt absorbed by algae cells can be used for synthesizing amino acid, protein, chlorophyll and other nitrogen-containing substances, and the microalgae provides bait for various fishes, so that the growth of the microalgae can reduce the content of nitrogen and phosphorus in the water body. The microalgae with the best absorption effect on nitrogen and phosphorus are spirulina, chlorella, scenedesmus, oscillatoria, scenedesmus and the like, and especially the chlorella has the strongest nitrogen reduction capability.
Beneficial algae in the culture water body can play a role in removing nitrogen and increasing oxygen, and also plays a role in increasing bait and fertilizing water, and when the beneficial algae form a dominant population, the beneficial algae can also inhibit the growth of harmful algae (microcystis). The optimal water color suitable for fish culture in aquaculture is oil green (the main species of phytoplankton are cryptophyte, diatom, chrysophyceae, chlorella, and the like) and light brown (the main species of phytoplankton are diatom, chrysophyceae, chlorella, and the like), and the algae contained in the two types of water are easily digested, absorbed and utilized by fishes, so that the bait is a very good natural bait for cultured species of fishes and the like. Algae photosynthesis also produces large amounts of oxygen, 80% of the dissolved oxygen in the water is from algae photosynthesis. The sufficient oxygen can promote the conversion of nitrite to nitrate, simultaneously, the malodorous smell formed by the oxygen deficiency of the water body can be reduced, the ecological environment of the water body is improved, the toxic action of ammonia nitrogen, nitrite and hydrogen sulfide on the fishes is inhibited and reduced, the appetite of the fishes and the utilization rate of feed are improved, and the growth and development of the fishes are promoted.
However, the traditional culture concept does not directionally culture beneficial algae, and only adds fertilizer into the original algae in the natural water body to breed and grow. The algae species beneficial to the cultivated species can not be cultivated according to the pond environmental conditions and the cultivated species requirements, so that the algae species become dominant species and are stable in water for a long time. The illumination is very important for the growth of algae, especially for the basin in Sichuan which is much rainy and lacks illumination.
Therefore, the present invention provides an ecological fish farming method using composite beneficial algae to solve at least some of the above technical problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: provides an ecological fish culture method by using composite beneficial algae to at least solve part of technical problems.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
an ecological fish culture method by utilizing composite beneficial algae comprises the following steps:
s1, first-level conservation and cultivation of the compound algae: inoculating the composite algae seeds into a first culture container for culture to obtain primary culture composite algae;
s2, secondary production and culture of the compound algae: inoculating the first-stage culture composite algae into a second culture container for expanding culture to obtain second-stage culture composite algae;
s3, feeding and reserving seeds of the compound algae: putting four fifths of the secondary cultured composite algae into the culture pond to form composite algae in the culture pond, and remaining one fifth of the secondary cultured composite algae to form seed-reserving composite algae;
s4, composite alga three-stage continuous culture: inoculating the reserved composite algae to a third culture container for expanding culture to obtain third-stage culture composite algae;
s5, managing the composite algae in the aquaculture pond: regularly sprinkling EM (effective microorganisms) bacteria in the whole pond for stable growth of the compound algae in the aquaculture pond;
s6, supplementary feeding of composite algae in the aquaculture pond: continuously feeding the second-stage culture composite algae or the third-stage culture composite algae into the culture pond according to the growth period of the fishes.
Further, the composite algae species at least include Chlorella species and Scenedesmus species.
Further, the first-level conservation culture of the compound algae specifically comprises the following steps: adding water and a first culture medium into a first culture container, uniformly stirring, heating by using a constant temperature rod, sterilizing the aquatic product by using ultraviolet rays for 30min, standing for 30min, finally inoculating a composite algae seed, and turning on an LED light source and a submersible pump for constant-temperature aeration culture for 3-4 days;
after culturing for 3-4 days, microscopic examination is carried out on the density and purity of the algae by using a microscope for detection, and the density and purity of the algae are
99 percent, and then the secondary production culture of the compound algae can be carried out.
Further, the mass ratio of water to the composite algae seeds is 9: 1, the first culture medium is BG11 culture medium or f/2 culture medium, the heating temperature of a constant temperature bar is 25 ℃, the optimal illumination intensity of an LED light source is 36-90 mu mol/m2/s, and the culture temperature is 20-30 ℃.
Further, the secondary production culture of the compound algae specifically comprises the following steps: adding water and a second culture medium into a second culture container, uniformly stirring, sterilizing the aquatic product by using ultraviolet rays for 60min, finally inoculating the first-stage culture composite algae, and turning on an LED light source and a submersible pump for constant-temperature aeration culture for 2-5 days;
after culturing for 2-5 days, microscopic examination is carried out on the density and purity of the algae by using a microscope for detection, and the density and purity of the algae are
And 99 percent, the input and seed reservation of the compound algae can be carried out.
Further, the mass ratio of the water to the first-stage culture composite algae is 9: 1, the second culture medium comprises 750g/T of ammonium bicarbonate, 100g/T of monopotassium phosphate and 1g/T of aquatic product water quality trace elements, the pH value of the culture medium is 6.5-7.5, the optimal illumination intensity of an LED light source is 36-90 mu mol/m2/s, and the culture temperature is 20-30 ℃.
Furthermore, the aquatic water quality trace elements at least comprise calcium, magnesium, zinc, selenium, copper, iron and manganese.
Further, the three-stage continuous culture of the composite algae specifically comprises: adding water and a third culture medium into a third culture container, uniformly stirring, sterilizing the third culture medium by using ultraviolet rays for 60min, finally inoculating the reserved composite algae, and starting a submersible pump for aeration culture for 5-7 days;
after culturing for 5-7 days, microscopic examination is carried out on the density and purity of the algae by using a microscope for detection, and the density and purity of the algae are
And 99 percent of the composite algae in the aquaculture pond can be supplemented and put in, and the composite algae cultured in the third stage can be continuously used as the reserved composite algae and participate in the third stage continuous culture of the composite algae.
Further, the mass ratio of the water to the reserved composite algae is 5: 1, the third culture medium is the second culture medium or organic amino acid algae-cultivating paste.
Further, the EM bacteria include at least bacillus and photosynthetic bacteria.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention has scientific and reasonable design and convenient use, directionally cultures the composite algae beneficial to the development of the ecological system of the aquaculture water body and puts the composite algae into the aquaculture pond, so that the composite algae can quickly become dominant species and is stable in water for a long time to maintain the balance and health of the ecological system of the pond, thereby further enhancing the immunity of fish organisms and improving the yield of fish.
The method comprises the steps of primary seed preservation culture of the composite algae, secondary production culture of the composite algae, input and seed reservation of the composite algae, tertiary continuous culture of the composite algae, management of the composite algae in the culture pond and supplementary input of the composite algae in the culture pond. The third culture has the functions of seed protection, high-density expansion and secondary seed protection respectively, so that the composite algae is in a continuous culture state, and is convenient to continuously supply for the culture pond to meet the dynamic balance of a pond ecosystem. After the composite algae is put into the aquaculture pond, a closed energy flow and material circulation system in nature is quickly formed by plant synthesis, animal consumption and microbial decomposition, so that the interior of the system is in an ordered and benign environment, and the growth of fishes is facilitated. With the continuous growth of the fishes, the compound algae can be continuously input into the culture pond through the three-stage continuous culture of the compound algae, so that the system achieves long-term dynamic balance, and the whole growth cycle of the fishes is always in an excellent environment. The composite algae not only can be used as natural bait for filter-feeding fishes and zooplankton, but also can be decomposed by bacteria to release nutrient elements for the growth of the algae after self aging or death, so that artificial cleaning is not needed, and ecological culture is really realized. In addition, EM bacteria are added in the period, which is more beneficial to the stable growth of the compound algae.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
The ecological fish culture method utilizing the composite beneficial algae provided by the invention has the advantages of scientific and reasonable design and convenience in use, and the composite beneficial algae beneficial to the development of the ecological system of the culture water body are directionally cultured and thrown into the culture pond, so that the composite beneficial algae can quickly become dominant species and are stable in water for a long time, and the method is used for maintaining the balance and health of the ecological system of the pond, so that the immunity of a fish organism is further enhanced, and the yield of fish is increased.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention comprises the steps of:
s1, first-level conservation and cultivation of the compound algae: inoculating the composite algae seeds into a first culture container for culture to obtain primary culture composite algae;
s2, secondary production and culture of the compound algae: inoculating the first-stage culture composite algae into a second culture container for expanding culture to obtain second-stage culture composite algae;
s3, feeding and reserving seeds of the compound algae: putting four fifths of the secondary cultured composite algae into the culture pond to form composite algae in the culture pond, and remaining one fifth of the secondary cultured composite algae to form seed-reserving composite algae;
s4, composite alga three-stage continuous culture: inoculating the reserved composite algae to a third culture container for expanding culture to obtain third-stage culture composite algae;
s5, managing the composite algae in the aquaculture pond: regularly sprinkling EM (effective microorganisms) bacteria in the whole pond for stable growth of the compound algae in the aquaculture pond;
s6, supplementary feeding of composite algae in the aquaculture pond: continuously feeding the second-stage culture composite algae or the third-stage culture composite algae into the culture pond according to the growth period of the fishes.
The three-time culture of the invention has the functions of seed protection, high-density expansion and secondary seed protection respectively, so that the composite algae is in a continuous culture state, and is convenient to continuously supply for the culture pond to meet the dynamic balance of a pond ecosystem. After the composite algae is put into the aquaculture pond, a closed energy flow and material circulation system in nature is quickly formed by plant synthesis, animal consumption and microbial decomposition, so that the interior of the system is in an ordered and benign environment, and the growth of fishes is facilitated. With the continuous growth of the fishes, the compound algae can be continuously input into the culture pond through the three-stage continuous culture of the compound algae, so that the system achieves long-term dynamic balance, and the whole growth cycle of the fishes is always in an excellent environment. The composite algae not only can be used as high-quality natural bait for filter-feeding fishes and zooplankton, but also can be decomposed by bacteria to release nutrient elements for the growth of the algae after self aging or death, so that artificial cleaning is not needed, and ecological culture is really realized. In addition, EM bacteria such as bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria and the like are added during the period, so that stable growth of the compound algae is facilitated.
There are many species of algae, some of which are beneficial for aquaculture and are beneficial algae, and some of which are harmful for aquaculture and are harmful algae. Chlorella, Japanese-style and ovine algae in green algae are beneficial algae which are cultured in large quantities at present. The spirogyra and cladophora are also green algae, but belong to the genus lichen, and are harmful algae for cultivation. The composite algae at least comprises chlorella and scenedesmus. The Chlorella is a spherical unicellular freshwater algae belonging to Chlorella of Chlorella phylum. Scenedesmus is a genus of Scenedesmus of Chlorococcales of Chlorophyta, and is in grass green color. Chlorella and Scenedesmus have certain functions in self-purification of water and sewage purification, and are the dominant species in the biological phase of the organic sewage oxidation pond. The chlorella and the scenedesmus can be attached to organic matter fragments and other aquatic plant bodies in water together with bacteria to form a colloidal layer for adsorbing organic matters; and the organic fertilizer can carry out photosynthesis, on one hand, oxygen is generated to supply bacteria to decompose organic matters and meet the growth requirement of fish, and on the other hand, the organic matters can be directly used as a carbon source and a nitrogen source to rapidly degrade the organic matters in water, so that the water body is purified. Chlorella and Scenedesmus cells contain abundant proteins and vitamins, and are good feeds for fish. The chlorella and scenedesmus species can be purchased directly on the market for subsequent cultivation at various levels.
The first-class conservation culture is needed for the compound algae purchased from the market. The first-level conservation culture of the compound algae specifically comprises the following steps: adding water and a first culture medium into a first culture container, uniformly stirring, heating by using a constant temperature rod, sterilizing the aquatic product by using ultraviolet rays for 30min, standing for 30min, finally inoculating a composite algae seed, and turning on an LED light source and a submersible pump for constant-temperature aeration culture for 3-4 days. The thermostatic bar can be used for heating up the water body and accelerating the dissolution of the first culture medium, and the heating temperature of the thermostatic bar is 25 ℃. Meanwhile, the algae growth needs nutrition requirements such as nitrogen sources, the first culture medium can provide the nitrogen sources needed by the culture, the first culture medium is a BG11 culture medium or a f/2 culture medium, and the BG11 culture medium or the f/2 culture medium can be directly purchased or configured according to a standard method, so that the details are not repeated. In addition, the mass ratio of water to the composite algae is 9: 1, the optimum illumination intensity of the LED light source is 36-90 mu mol/m2/s, and the culture temperature is 20-30 ℃. After culturing for 3-4 days by using the LED light source, microscopic examination is carried out on the density and the purity of the algae by using a microscope for detection, and the density and the purity of the algae are
99 percent, namely the culture is the required algae, and no other miscellaneous algae exist, thus the secondary production culture of the compound algae can be carried out.
Specific example of first-class conservation culture of composite algae
Well water which accounts for 90 percent of the volume of the barrel and BG11 culture medium or f/2 culture medium configuration raw materials are sequentially added into a 100 liter acrylic barrel, and the raw materials are fully stirred and uniformly mixed; then, a 400-watt constant temperature rod is kept at the constant temperature of 25 ℃, a 12V small submersible pump is started and placed into the mixed liquid, and the acrylic barrel and the mixed liquid are sterilized by using an ultraviolet sterilizing lamp for aquatic products, wherein the operation lasts for 30 minutes; then 10 liters of composite algae seeds of chlorella and scenedesmus are added, and finally an LED light source is turned on for culturing for 3-4 days.
The first-stage culture of the compound algae after the first-stage breed conservation culture needs the second-stage production culture of the compound algae for the expansion culture. The secondary production culture of the compound algae specifically comprises the following steps: and adding water and a second culture medium into a second culture container, uniformly stirring, sterilizing the aquatic product by using ultraviolet rays for 60min, finally inoculating the first-stage culture composite algae, and turning on an LED light source and a submersible pump for constant-temperature aeration culture for 2-5 days. The mass ratio of the water to the first-stage cultured composite algae is 9: 1, the second culture medium comprises 750g/T of ammonium bicarbonate, 100g/T of monopotassium phosphate and 2g/T of aquatic product water quality trace elements, the pH value of the culture medium is 6.5-7.5, and the optimal illumination intensity of an LED light source is 36-90 mu mol/m 2 And/s, the culture temperature is 20-30 ℃. The aquatic product water quality trace elements at least comprise calcium, magnesium, zinc, selenium, copper, iron and manganese. The secondary production culture can quickly realize the propagation of the compound algae on the basis of the primary seed-preserving culture. After the cultivation for 5-7 days by the LED light source, microscopic examination is carried out on the density and the purity of the algae by using a microscope for detection, and the density and the purity of the algae are
99 percent, namely the required algae is cultured, and no other miscellaneous algae exist, namely the compound algae can be put into and reserved.
Specific examples of Secondary production culture of Complex algae
Adding 900 liters of well water with the volume of 90 percent and a second culture medium configuration raw material into a 1000 liter plastic bucket or a cement algae culture pond in sequence, and fully stirring and uniformly mixing; then, a 12V small submersible pump is started and placed into the mixed liquid, and the plastic barrel/the cement algae culture pond and the mixed liquid are sterilized by using an ultraviolet sterilizing lamp for the aquatic products, wherein the operation lasts for 60 minutes; then 100 liters of first-stage culture composite algae are added, and finally an LED light source is turned on for culture for 5-7 days.
Because the four-Sichuan basin is overcast and rainy in a year, and is often overcast and densely covered in the sky, the illumination is less, the solar radiation energy is poor, and the sunlight required by the cultivation and growth of the algae is deficient, so that the LED lamps are adopted to supplement light sources in the first-stage seed preservation culture and the second-stage production culture of the composite algae. And in order to ensure the uniform illumination of the algae, the submersible pump is adopted for aeration, and the turbulent flow can avoid the precipitation of the algae, so that the algae can uniformly receive the illumination.
The compound algae after the second-stage production culture can be directly used for the aquaculture pond. Meanwhile, in order to ensure that beneficial algae in the culture pond can grow dominantly all the time in the growth period of the fishes, the beneficial algae is cultured dominantly and kept stable continuously. The biomass of beneficial algae and the rate of photosynthesis per day must be matched to the fish load of the pond. Because the biomass of various fishes and shrimps in the earlier stage of cultivation is small, the feed investment is small, the pollution is naturally small, and the high algae productivity is not needed for maintenance. Conversely, if the productivity of algae is too high and the biomass of fish and shrimp consuming the algae is small, it may in turn lead to imbalance and disturbance of the ecosystem. Therefore, as the culture time increases, the quantity of beneficial algae also needs to be increased, so that the composite algae is timely supplemented to the culture pond to achieve dynamic balance. And putting four fifths of the secondary cultured composite algae into the culture pond to obtain composite algae in the culture pond, and remaining one fifth of the secondary cultured composite algae to obtain the reserved composite algae. The three-stage continuous culture of the compound algae specifically comprises the following steps: and adding water and a third culture medium into a third culture container, uniformly stirring, sterilizing the aquatic product by using ultraviolet rays for 60min, finally inoculating the reserved composite algae, and starting a submersible pump for aeration culture for 5-7 days. The mass ratio of the water to the reserved composite algae is 9: 1, the third culture medium is the second culture medium or organic amino acid algae-cultivating paste. After culturing for 5-7 days, detecting the density of the algae by using a microscopeMicroscopic examination of the purity, density and purity of algae
99 percent of the composite algae in the aquaculture pond can be supplemented and put in, the composite algae cultured in the third stage can be continuously used as the reserved composite algae and participate in the third stage continuous culture of the composite algae, and the long-term culture of the composite algae can be realized and is ready for use after repeated culture.
Particularly, the reserved composite algae cultured by the three-stage culture of the composite algae cannot be disinfected by ultraviolet rays and the like in the subsequent culture process so as to avoid killing the composite algae therein. The algae adhered to the bottom and the peripheral wall of the third culture container can be brushed off by a clean (disinfected) plastic broom and stirred for one minute, the submersible pump is taken out and kept stand for 10 minutes, the turbulent bottom water suction pump is connected with a plastic hose, and the algae precipitated at the bottom is removed as much as possible. Leaving 1/3 algae solution as seed, directly adding third culture medium and water to culture for three days without constant temperature, and recycling.
Specific example of three-stage continuous culture of composite algae
Adding 900 liters of well water with the volume of 90 percent and a third culture medium configuration raw material into a 1000 liter plastic bucket or a cement algae culture pond in sequence, and fully stirring and uniformly mixing; then sterilizing the plastic barrel/the cement algae culture pond and the mixed solution by using an ultraviolet germicidal lamp for aquatic products, wherein the operation lasts for 60 minutes; then adding 180 liters of the reserved composite algae, and finally turning on an LED light source and a 12V bottom suction small submersible pump for constant temperature aeration culture for 5-7 days.
Preferably, the pH value of the culture conditions of the first-stage seed preservation culture, the second-stage production culture and the third-stage continuous culture of the composite algae is 6.5-7.5, the algae seeds are properly shaded to avoid scalding in the noon in summer, an LED lamp (60W) can be used for light supplement in the evening or indoor expanding culture in the open air, the temperature is 20-30 ℃, and the temperature can be raised to 25 ℃ by using a temperature control rod in early spring at low temperature. The microscopic examination of the density and purity of algae is a well-known technique, and therefore, is not described in detail.
With the growth of algae, nutrients in water are increasingly deficient, and therefore mineral trace elements and other nutrients for aquatic products required by the algae need to be supplemented in time to keep the algae stably growing. The management of the composite algae in the aquaculture pond is that EM bacteria are regularly sprayed to the whole pond for the stable growth of the composite algae in the aquaculture pond. The EM is a mixed bacterium, and generally comprises beneficial bacteria such as photosynthetic bacteria, EM, lactic acid bacteria and the like. In aquaculture, the EM bacteria kill or inhibit pathogenic microorganisms and harmful substances by using the colony action after permeating into the water body, thereby adjusting the culture environment, increasing the dissolved oxygen in water, promoting the normal flora and beneficial algae in the culture system to activate and grow, and keeping the balance of the culture water body. The EM bacteria can be directly purchased and used in the market.
The EM bacteria include at least bacillus and photosynthetic bacteria. The EM bacteria needs to be activated before being used. The bacillus can be used for decomposing dead and aged algae and organic matters, the bacillus is splashed twice every month, the bacillus, the brown sugar and the water are activated by inflation for 1 day (25-35 ℃) in a good weather (morning on a continuous sunny day), the bacillus, the brown sugar and the water are splashed in the whole pond after activation, and the using amount of the bacillus, the brown sugar and the water refers to the existing activation method. The photosynthetic bacteria can be used for stabilizing water quality, preventing and controlling blue algae, supplementing astaxanthin, being used in both sunny days and rainy days, reducing ammonia, denitrating and degrading medicine residues, the photosynthetic bacteria + photosynthetic bacteria culture medium + photosynthetic bacteria inoculant + water, and the using amount of the photosynthetic bacteria, the photosynthetic bacteria culture medium and the water refers to the existing activation method. The photosynthetic bacteria culture medium and the photosynthetic bacteria inoculant can be directly purchased in the market.
The beneficial algae put into the pond do not need to be cleaned manually. Part of algae can be used as natural bait for filter-feeding fish (silver carp), and directly converted into weight of silver carp; part of algae is eaten by zooplankton, rotifer and the like, is converted into the weight of the zooplankton, becomes natural bait of omnivorous fishes (crucian carps and carps), and is converted into the acre yield of the fish pond through the digestion of the omnivorous fishes; and a part of the algae is decomposed by bacteria after self-aging or death to release nutrient elements for the growth of the algae. Therefore, the invention is a green pollution-free ecological fish culture method.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, but not to limit the technical solutions, and certainly not to limit the patent scope of the present invention; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention; that is, the technical problems to be solved by the present invention, which are not substantially changed or supplemented by the spirit and the concept of the main body of the present invention, are still consistent with the present invention and shall be included in the scope of the present invention; in addition, the technical scheme of the invention is directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, and the technical scheme is included in the patent protection scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. An ecological fish culture method by utilizing composite beneficial algae is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, first-level conservation and cultivation of the compound algae: inoculating the composite algae seeds into a first culture container for culture to obtain primary culture composite algae;
s2, secondary production and culture of the compound algae: inoculating the first-stage culture composite algae into a second culture container for expanding culture to obtain second-stage culture composite algae;
s3, feeding and reserving seeds of the compound algae: putting four fifths of the secondary cultured composite algae into the culture pond to form composite algae in the culture pond, and remaining one fifth of the secondary cultured composite algae to form seed-reserving composite algae;
s4, composite alga three-stage continuous culture: inoculating the reserved composite algae to a third culture container for expanding culture to obtain third-stage culture composite algae;
s5, managing the composite algae in the aquaculture pond: regularly sprinkling EM (effective microorganisms) bacteria in the whole pond for stable growth of the compound algae in the aquaculture pond;
s6, supplementary feeding of composite algae in the aquaculture pond: continuously feeding the second-stage culture composite algae or the third-stage culture composite algae into the culture pond according to the growth period of the fishes.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composite algae species include at least chlorella species and scenedesmus species.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first-stage conservation culture of the composite algae comprises: adding water and a first culture medium into a first culture container, uniformly stirring, heating by using a constant temperature rod, sterilizing the aquatic product by using ultraviolet rays for 30min, standing for 30min, finally inoculating a composite algae seed, and turning on an LED light source and a submersible pump for constant-temperature aeration culture for 3-4 days;
after culturing for 3-4 days, microscopic examination is carried out on the density and purity of the algae, the density and purity of the algae,
The secondary production culture of the compound algae can be carried out.
4. The ecological fish farming method using composite beneficial algae according to claim 3, wherein the mass ratio of water to composite algae is 9: 1, the first culture medium is BG11 culture medium or f/2 culture medium, the heating temperature of a constant temperature bar is 25 ℃, the optimal illumination intensity of an LED light source is 36-90 mu mol/m2/s, and the culture temperature is 20-30 ℃.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the secondary production culture of the composite algae comprises: adding water and a second culture medium into a second culture container, uniformly stirring, sterilizing the aquatic product by using ultraviolet rays for 60min, finally inoculating the first-stage culture composite algae, and turning on an LED light source and a submersible pump for constant-temperature aeration culture for 2-5 days;
after culturing for 2-5 days, microscopic examination is carried out on the density and purity of the algae, the density and purity of the algae,
And then the compound algae can be put into and reserved for seeds.
6. The ecological fish culture method using composite beneficial algae according to claim 5, wherein the mass ratio of water to the first-stage cultured composite algae is 9: 1, the second culture medium comprises 750g/T of ammonium bicarbonate, 100g/T of monopotassium phosphate and 1g/T of aquatic product water quality trace elements, the pH value of the culture medium is 6.5-7.5, the optimal illumination intensity of an LED light source is 36-90 mu mol/m2/s, and the culture temperature is 20-30 ℃.
7. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the aquatic water contains trace elements including Ca, Mg, Zn, Se, Cu, Fe and Mn.
8. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the third-stage continuous cultivation of the composite algae comprises: adding water and a third culture medium into a third culture container, uniformly stirring, sterilizing the third culture medium by using ultraviolet rays for 60min, finally inoculating the reserved composite algae, and starting a submersible pump for aeration culture for 5-7 days;
after culturing for 5-7 days, microscopic examination is carried out on the density and purity of the algae, the density and purity of the algae,
The compound algae in the aquaculture pond can be supplemented and put in, and the compound algae cultured in the third stage can be continuously used as the reserved compound algae and participate in the third stage continuous culture of the compound algae.
9. The ecological fish culture method by using composite beneficial algae according to claim 8, wherein the mass ratio of water to seed-reserving composite algae is 5: 1, the third culture medium is the second culture medium or organic amino acid algae-cultivating paste.
10. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the EM bacteria include at least Bacillus and photosynthetic bacteria.
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