CN114850406B - Preparation process of three-dimensional orientation precisely controllable seed crystal for casting nickel-based single crystal blade - Google Patents
Preparation process of three-dimensional orientation precisely controllable seed crystal for casting nickel-based single crystal blade Download PDFInfo
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- CN114850406B CN114850406B CN202210441954.0A CN202210441954A CN114850406B CN 114850406 B CN114850406 B CN 114850406B CN 202210441954 A CN202210441954 A CN 202210441954A CN 114850406 B CN114850406 B CN 114850406B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
- B22C9/04—Use of lost patterns
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C7/00—Patterns; Manufacture thereof so far as not provided for in other classes
- B22C7/02—Lost patterns
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/04—Influencing the temperature of the metal, e.g. by heating or cooling the mould
- B22D27/045—Directionally solidified castings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B11/00—Single-crystal growth by normal freezing or freezing under temperature gradient, e.g. Bridgman-Stockbarger method
- C30B11/14—Single-crystal growth by normal freezing or freezing under temperature gradient, e.g. Bridgman-Stockbarger method characterised by the seed, e.g. its crystallographic orientation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation process of a seed crystal for casting a nickel-based single crystal blade with precisely controllable three-dimensional orientation, which comprises the steps of designing the shape and the size of a single crystal seed crystal test bar, designing a module, molding, forming a wax module tree, manufacturing a shell, smelting and casting, post-processing, detecting crystal grains and detecting Laue; the invention can accurately control the primary dendrite and the secondary dendrite orientation from the wax mold stage by designing the shape and the size of the single crystal seed test bar, does not need to carry out cutting orientation in the later stage, has precise crystal orientation and good crystal grain integrity, can be used only by qualified detection of crystal grains and Laue, does not need to carry out secondary cutting, has simple operation steps, improves the production efficiency, and is suitable for engineering application of producing single crystal blades by a seed crystal method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of single crystal alloy precision casting, in particular to a preparation process of a seed crystal for casting a nickel-based single crystal blade with precisely controllable three-dimensional orientation.
Background
With the rapid development of aviation engines and gas turbines in China, the requirements on the high-temperature mechanical properties of key parts of the high-temperature alloy blades are higher and higher, and the high-temperature alloy blades with equiaxial crystal structures are difficult to serve under the working condition. The nickel-based single crystal superalloy has the advantages of high melting point, high temperature strength, excellent creep resistance and the like, and is increasingly applied to hot end components of aeroengines and gas turbines. The precise casting process of the nickel-based superalloy single crystal blade becomes one of the technical bottlenecks which are urgently needed to be broken through. It is noted that the mechanical properties of nickel-base superalloy single crystal blades have significant anisotropy, the best thermal fatigue performance is achieved when the primary dendrite <001> crystal orientation of the casting crystal growth coincides with the principal stress axis direction of the blade in service, and the secondary dendrite <010> and <100> crystal orientations of the crystals also have significant effects on the performance of the blade, so it is desirable to be able to precisely control the primary dendrite <001> and secondary dendrite <010> and <100> crystal orientations when producing single crystal superalloy blades. The preparation of the single crystal superalloy casting mainly adopts a directional solidification process, and at present, a single crystal preparation method mainly adopts a crystal selection method and a seed crystal method to obtain a single crystal structure of the required alloy. The crystal selection method is characterized in that a large number of randomly oriented crystal grains are formed at the bottom of a seeding section by nucleation, then single crystals in a certain range of primary dendrite <001> orientation off angles are obtained through competitive growth among the crystal grains in the directional solidification process by a crystal selector structure, and the method has the defect that the three-dimensional crystal orientation of the single crystal superalloy cannot be accurately controlled. The seed crystal with excellent orientation is heated together with the mould shell, the heated melt is cast into the mould shell, remelting is carried out on the top end part of the seed crystal, after drawing is started, single crystals are epitaxially grown on the surface of the seed crystal in the process of directional solidification, and the orientation of the prepared single crystals is consistent with that of the seed crystals. Therefore, the seed crystal method can effectively solve the problem that the crystal orientation of the monocrystal superalloy cannot be accurately controlled by the crystal selection method, but the current method for industrially preparing the seed crystal is to firstly obtain test blocks with upper and lower parallel sections after a monocrystal test bar or a test plate for preparing the seed crystal is mechanically processed, mark primary dendrite orientation by an X-ray method, then cut out a test block with the axial direction parallel to the primary dendrite <001> orientation by a cutting preparation method, mark secondary dendrite orientation by an X-ray method, and prepare the seed crystal by cutting. The method for preparing the seed crystal has low requirements on the orientation of the original single crystal test bar or test plate, but has complicated preparation steps, can not quickly and accurately orient, position and cut, has poor operability, and is not suitable for engineering application of producing single crystal blades by a seed crystal method.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a preparation process of a seed crystal for casting a nickel-based single crystal blade with precisely controllable three-dimensional orientation, which can effectively solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the preparation process of the seed crystal for casting the nickel-based single crystal blade with the precisely controllable three-dimensional orientation comprises the following steps:
1) Shape and size design of single crystal seed crystal test bar
The method comprises the steps of manufacturing a single crystal seed crystal test bar, wherein the single crystal seed crystal test bar comprises an initial section, a test bar body and a riser, the axial lead direction of the test bar is a primary dendrite orientation direction, a reference surface F is arranged on the test bar, a B direction parallel to the direction of the reference surface F and perpendicular to the axial lead direction of the test bar is defined, and the B direction is a secondary dendrite orientation direction;
2) Module design
Manufacturing a casting module, wherein the module consists of a monocrystalline seed crystal test bar, a spiral crystal selector, a pouring cup, an initial section S, a chassis, a casting system, an upper lacing wire, a middle column pipe and a reinforcing lacing wire;
3) Moulding die
According to the requirement of wax mould pressing by casting technology, filling wax is adopted to press monocrystalline seed crystal test bar wax piece, initial section S and chassis wax piece; pressing pouring system wax pieces, upper lacing wires, reinforcing lacing wires and middle column pipe wax pieces by pouring gate wax; the pouring cup is pressed by adopting medium-temperature wax, and the single crystal seed crystal test bar wax piece is required to be placed on a special shaping tool for shaping after being pressed, so that the single crystal seed crystal test bar wax piece is ensured not to deform, and the straightness in the axial line direction is good;
4) Wax module tree
According to the requirement of model tree assembly, assembling and welding the monocrystalline seed crystal test bar wax piece, the initial section S, the chassis wax piece, the pouring system wax piece, the upper lacing wire, the reinforcing lacing wire, the middle column tube wax piece and the pouring cup;
5) Shell making
Coating a precision casting shell with the thickness of 5-19mm on the surface of a wax mould module, dewaxing at 130-180 ℃, roasting at 920-980 ℃, preserving heat for 2-4 hours, and obtaining the precision casting ceramic shell for single crystals after ensuring that residual wax is completely combusted;
6) Smelting and casting
Placing the ceramic shell into a heater of a monocrystal directional solidification furnace, setting corresponding smelting technological parameters, heating to the shell heat preservation temperature of 1490-1510 ℃, preserving heat for 30min, remelting and pouring a master alloy ingot into a mould shell after the temperature is reached, setting the pouring temperature at 1500-1520 ℃, standing for 90 seconds after pouring, and carrying out drawing, setting the crystal pulling rate at 3-5mm/min, cooling for 5-7 minutes along with the furnace after crystal pulling is finished, breaking vacuum, and taking out to prepare a required monocrystal seed crystal test bar blank;
7) Post-treatment
According to casting process requirements, sand removal, cutting and grain size corrosion are carried out, after mould shells and floating sand are removed, an initial section and a riser of a single crystal seed crystal test bar are cut off to obtain a test bar body, the test bar body is positioned, locked and fixed by a clamping tool, a cutting device moves and cuts along a direction perpendicular to a reference surface F of the single crystal test bar, the single crystal test bar is cut in sections according to the lengths of seed crystal sections, so that a plurality of seed crystal sections are obtained, and the seed crystal sections are subjected to grain size corrosion;
8) Grain detection and laue detection
And visually checking the integrity of the single crystal seed section subjected to grain corrosion after cutting, performing Laue-HT X-ray diffractometer on the seed crystal section, and judging whether the seed crystal with primary dendrite and secondary dendrite orientation deviating from the axial direction is qualified or not according to the Laue-HT X-ray diffractometer result.
The correction frock in step 3) includes the bottom plate seat, logical groove has been seted up to the both sides of bottom plate seat, the bottom plate seat top surface is located and is equipped with a plurality of communicating correction grooves between the logical groove in both sides, correction groove and logical inslot portion cooperation place single crystal seed test bar wax spare and adjacent single crystal seed test bar wax spare both ends stagger the setting, single crystal seed test bar wax spare reference plane F and the top surface parallel and level of bottom plate seat, the top surface of bottom plate seat is equipped with the clamp plate, the both ends of clamp plate are fixed through the hinge crimping that opens and shuts, the hinge passes through the both ends fixed connection of support and bottom plate seat, suppresses single crystal seed test bar wax spare reference plane F through the clamp plate for single crystal seed test bar body section and correction groove closely laminate, thereby ensure single crystal seed test bar wax spare axial lead direction straightness.
In the step 1), the end face of the initial section is provided with a pentagonal groove matched and spliced with the spiral crystal selector, and the direction B is the connecting line direction of a fixed point C of the pentagonal groove and a midpoint D of one side corresponding to the fixed point C of the pentagon.
In the step 7), the length of the seed crystal section is 35mm, and each single crystal test bar is cut into five seed crystal sections.
The visual inspection of the single crystal integrity in step 8) requires:
(1) no visually observable grain boundaries exist within 15mm from at least the seed crystal side end face;
(2) no equiaxed crystal exists within 15mm from the end face of one side of the seed crystal, and the equiaxed crystal grains with the diameter smaller than 0.5mm are not counted;
(3) columnar crystals which are not visible in 15mm from at least one side end face of the seed crystal;
(4) the inner surface of 15mm from at least the seed crystal side end face was not allowed to have freckle defects.
Polishing and cleaning the surface of the seed crystal section with qualified Laue detection crystal orientation in the step 8), ensuring that the surface of the seed crystal is free of redundant adherends, greasy dirt and oxide skin, placing the seed crystal in a wooden box, storing the seed crystal in a dry storage room for casting nickel-based monocrystalline blades, and performing rejection treatment on unqualified seed crystal.
The qualification criteria in step 8) are that the primary dendrite and secondary dendrite orientations deviate axially in the range of 0-5 deg..
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention can accurately control the primary dendrite and the secondary dendrite orientation from the wax mold stage by designing the shape and the size of the single crystal seed test bar, does not need to carry out cutting orientation in the later stage, has precise crystal orientation and good crystal grain integrity, can be used only by qualified detection of crystal grains and Laue, does not need to carry out secondary cutting, has simple operation steps, improves the production efficiency, and is suitable for engineering application of producing single crystal blades by a seed crystal method.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a single crystal seed bar according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of the initial section of a single crystal seed bar of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the orientation of a single crystal seed bar of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a single crystal seed bar of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the whole structure of the shape correcting tool of the invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic perspective view of a shape correcting tool part structure of the invention.
In the figure: 1. a single crystal seed test bar; 101. a starting section; 102. a test stick body; 103. riser; 104. pentagonal grooves; 2. a spiral crystal selector; 3. a pouring cup; 4. a start section S; 5. a chassis; 6. a pouring system; 7. a lacing wire is arranged; 8. a middle column tube; 9. reinforcing lacing wires; 10. a base plate seat; 11. a through groove; 12. a correcting groove; 13. a pressing plate; 14. push-pull type clamp; 15. and (5) a support.
Description of the embodiments
The invention is further described in connection with the following detailed description, in order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement of the purpose and the effect of the invention easy to understand.
The preparation process of the seed crystal for casting the nickel-based single crystal blade with the precisely controllable three-dimensional orientation comprises the following steps:
1) Shape and size design of single crystal seed crystal test bar
The method for manufacturing the single crystal seed crystal test bar is shown in fig. 1, the single crystal seed crystal test bar 1 comprises a starting section 101, a test bar body 102 and a riser 103, the axial lead direction of the single crystal seed crystal test bar 1 is a primary dendrite orientation direction, a reference surface F is arranged on the single crystal seed crystal test bar 1, a direction parallel to the reference surface F is defined, a direction B perpendicular to the axial lead direction of the single crystal seed crystal test bar 1 is defined, the direction B is a secondary dendrite orientation direction, as shown in fig. 2-3, specifically, a pentagonal groove 104 matched and spliced with a spiral crystal selector 2 is formed in the end face of the starting section 101, and the direction B is the connecting line direction of a middle point D on one side corresponding to a fixed point C of the pentagonal groove 104 and a fixed point C of the pentagonal groove.
2) Module design
The casting module is shown in fig. 4, and comprises nine parts of a single crystal seed crystal test bar 1, a spiral crystal selector 2, a pouring cup 3, an initial section S4, a chassis 5, a casting system 6, an upper lacing wire 7, a middle column pipe 8 and a reinforcing lacing wire 9.
3) Moulding die
According to the requirement of wax mould pressing by casting technology, filling wax is adopted to press monocrystalline seed crystal test bar wax piece, initial section S and chassis wax piece; pressing pouring system wax pieces, upper lacing wires, reinforcing lacing wires and middle column pipe wax pieces by pouring gate wax; the pouring cup is pressed by adopting medium-temperature wax, and the monocrystalline seed crystal test bar wax piece is required to be placed on a special shaping tool for shaping after being pressed, so that the monocrystalline seed crystal test bar wax piece is ensured not to deform, and the straightness in the axial direction is good.
As shown in fig. 5-6, the shape correction tool comprises a bottom plate seat 10, through grooves 11 are formed in two sides of the bottom plate seat 10, a plurality of communicated correction grooves 12 are formed in the top surface of the bottom plate seat 10 and located between the through grooves 11 in two sides, the correction grooves 12 and the through grooves 11 are internally matched for placing single crystal seed crystal test bar wax pieces, two end parts of the adjacent single crystal seed crystal test bar wax pieces are staggered, a reference surface F of the single crystal seed crystal test bar wax pieces is flush with the top surface of the bottom plate seat 10, a pressing plate 13 is arranged on the top surface of the bottom plate seat 10, two ends of the pressing plate 13 are fixedly connected with the two ends of the bottom plate seat 10 through push-pull clamps 14 in a pressing mode, and the reference surface F of the single crystal seed crystal test bar wax pieces is pressed through the pressing plate 13, so that a bar body section of the single crystal seed crystal test bar wax pieces is tightly attached to the correction grooves 12, and the straightness of the single crystal seed crystal test bar wax pieces in the axial line direction is ensured.
4) Wax module tree
And (3) according to the requirement of the model tree assembly, assembling and welding the monocrystalline seed crystal test bar wax piece, the initial section S, the chassis wax piece, the pouring system wax piece, the upper lacing wire, the reinforcing lacing wire, the middle column tube wax piece and the pouring cup.
5) Shell making
Coating a precision casting shell with the thickness of 5-19mm on the surface of a wax mould module, dewaxing at 130-180 ℃, roasting at 920-980 ℃, preserving heat for 2-4 hours, and obtaining the precision casting ceramic shell for single crystals after ensuring that residual wax is completely combusted.
6) Smelting and casting
Placing the ceramic shell into a heater of a single crystal directional solidification furnace, setting corresponding smelting technological parameters, heating to the shell heat preservation temperature of 1490-1510 ℃, preserving heat for 30min, remelting and pouring a master alloy ingot into a mould shell after the temperature is reached, setting the pouring temperature at 1500-1520 ℃, standing for 90 seconds after pouring, carrying out drawing, setting the crystal pulling rate at 3-5mm/min, cooling along with the furnace for 5-7 min after crystal pulling, breaking vacuum, and taking out, thus preparing the required single crystal seed crystal test bar blank.
7) Post-treatment
According to casting process requirements, sand removal, cutting and grain size corrosion are carried out, after mould shells and floating sand are removed, an initial section and a riser of a single crystal seed crystal test bar are cut off, a test bar body is obtained, a clamping tool is used for positioning, locking and fixing the test bar body, a cutting device moves and cuts along a direction perpendicular to a reference surface F of the single crystal test bar, the single crystal test bar is segmented and cut according to the length of the seed crystal section of 35mm, five seed crystal sections are obtained, and the seed crystal section carries out grain size corrosion.
8) Grain detection and laue detection
The monocrystalline seed crystal section after cutting is subjected to grain corrosion is visually inspected for the integrity of the monocrystal, and the visual inspection requirements for the integrity of the monocrystal are as follows:
(1) no visually observable grain boundaries exist within 15mm from at least the seed crystal side end face;
(2) no equiaxed crystal exists within 15mm from the end face of one side of the seed crystal, and the equiaxed crystal grains with the diameter smaller than 0.5mm are not counted;
(3) columnar crystals which are not visible in 15mm from at least one side end face of the seed crystal;
(4) the inner surface of 15mm from at least the seed crystal side end face was not allowed to have freckle defects.
And (3) performing Laue-HT X-ray diffractometer on the seed crystal section, judging whether the seed crystals with primary dendrite and secondary dendrite being deviated from the axial direction are qualified according to the Laue detection result, wherein the qualification standard is that the primary dendrite and the secondary dendrite are deviated from the axial direction within the range of 0-5 degrees, polishing and cleaning the surface of the seed crystal section with qualified Laue detection crystal orientation, ensuring that the surface of the seed crystal is free from redundant adherents, greasy dirt, oxide skin and the like, placing the seed crystal in a wooden box, storing the seed crystal in a dry storage room for casting nickel-based single crystal blades, and performing rejection treatment unqualified.
The invention designs the shape and the size of the single crystal seed test bar, precisely controls the primary dendrite and the secondary dendrite orientation of the single crystal seed, has precise crystal orientation and good crystal grain integrity, has no crystal grain defects such as large-angle crystal boundary, equiaxed crystal, columnar crystal, freckle and the like, can be used as long as the crystal grain and the Laue are qualified after the seed crystal prepared by adopting the casting process is cut, does not need to be cut secondarily, has simple operation steps, improves the production efficiency, and is suitable for engineering application of producing single crystal blades by a seed crystal method.
While certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been described above by way of illustration only, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that modifications may be made to the described embodiments in various different ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the drawings and description are to be regarded as illustrative in nature and not as restrictive of the scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. The preparation process of the seed crystal for casting the nickel-based single crystal blade with the precisely controllable three-dimensional orientation is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
1) Shape and size design of single crystal seed crystal test bar
Designing a single crystal seed crystal test bar, wherein the test bar comprises an initial section, a test bar body and a riser, the axial lead direction of the test bar is a primary dendrite orientation direction, a reference surface F is arranged on the test bar, a B direction parallel to the reference surface F and perpendicular to the axial lead direction of the test bar is defined, and the B direction is a secondary dendrite orientation direction;
2) Module design
Manufacturing a casting module, wherein the module consists of a monocrystalline seed crystal test bar, a spiral crystal selector, a pouring cup, an initial section S, a chassis, a casting system, an upper lacing wire, a middle column pipe and a reinforcing lacing wire;
3) Moulding die
According to the requirement of wax mould pressing by casting technology, filling wax is adopted to press monocrystalline seed crystal test bar wax piece, initial section S and chassis wax piece; pressing pouring system wax pieces, upper lacing wires, reinforcing lacing wires and middle column pipe wax pieces by pouring gate wax; the pouring cup is pressed by adopting medium-temperature wax, and the single crystal seed crystal test bar wax piece is required to be placed on a special shaping tool for shaping after being pressed, so that the single crystal seed crystal test bar wax piece is ensured not to deform, and the straightness in the axial line direction is good;
4) Wax module tree
According to the requirement of model tree assembly, assembling and welding the monocrystalline seed crystal test bar wax piece, the initial section S, the chassis wax piece, the pouring system wax piece, the upper lacing wire, the reinforcing lacing wire, the middle column tube wax piece and the pouring cup;
5) Shell making
Coating a precision casting shell with the thickness of 5-19mm on the surface of a wax mould module, dewaxing at 130-180 ℃, roasting at 920-980 ℃, preserving heat for 2-4 hours, and obtaining the precision casting ceramic shell for single crystals after ensuring that residual wax is completely combusted;
6) Smelting and casting
Placing the ceramic shell into a heater of a monocrystal directional solidification furnace, setting corresponding smelting technological parameters, heating to the shell heat preservation temperature of 1490-1510 ℃, preserving heat for 30min, remelting and pouring a master alloy ingot into a mould shell after the temperature is reached, setting the pouring temperature at 1500-1520 ℃, standing for 90 seconds after pouring, and carrying out drawing, setting the crystal pulling rate at 3-5mm/min, cooling for 5-7 minutes along with the furnace after crystal pulling is finished, breaking vacuum, and taking out to prepare a required monocrystal seed crystal test bar blank;
7) Post-treatment
According to casting process requirements, sand removal, cutting and grain size corrosion are carried out, after mould shells and floating sand are removed, an initial section and a riser of a single crystal seed crystal test bar are cut off to obtain a test bar body, the test bar body is positioned, locked and fixed by a clamping tool, a cutting device moves and cuts along a direction perpendicular to a reference surface F of the single crystal test bar, the single crystal test bar is cut in sections according to the lengths of seed crystal sections, so that a plurality of seed crystal sections are obtained, and the seed crystal sections are subjected to grain size corrosion;
8) Grain detection and laue detection
And visually checking the integrity of the single crystal seed section subjected to grain corrosion after cutting, performing Laue-HT X-ray diffractometer on the seed crystal section, and judging whether the seed crystal with primary dendrite and secondary dendrite orientation deviating from the axial direction is qualified or not according to the Laue-HT X-ray diffractometer result.
2. The process for preparing a seed crystal for casting a three-dimensional orientation-controllable nickel-based single crystal blade according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the correction frock in step 3) includes the bottom plate seat, logical groove has been seted up to the both sides of bottom plate seat, the bottom plate seat top surface is located and is equipped with a plurality of communicating correction grooves between the logical groove in both sides, correction groove and logical inslot portion cooperation place single crystal seed test bar wax spare and adjacent single crystal seed test bar wax spare both ends stagger the setting, single crystal seed test bar wax spare's reference surface F and the top surface parallel and level of bottom plate seat, the top surface of bottom plate seat is equipped with the clamp plate, the both ends of clamp plate are fixed through the hinge crimping that opens and shuts, the hinge passes through the both ends fixed connection of support and bottom plate seat.
3. The process for preparing a seed crystal for casting a three-dimensional orientation-controllable nickel-based single crystal blade according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step 1), the end face of the initial section is provided with a pentagonal groove matched and spliced with the spiral crystal selector, and the direction B is the connecting line direction of a fixed point C of the pentagonal groove and a midpoint D of one side corresponding to the fixed point C of the pentagon.
4. The process for preparing a seed crystal for casting a three-dimensional orientation-controllable nickel-based single crystal blade according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step 7), the length of the seed crystal section is 35mm, and each single crystal test bar is cut into five seed crystal sections.
5. The process for preparing a seed crystal for casting a three-dimensional orientation-controllable nickel-based single crystal blade according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the visual inspection of the single crystal integrity in step 8) requires:
(1) no visually observable grain boundaries exist within 15mm from at least the seed crystal side end face;
(2) no equiaxed crystal exists within 15mm from the end face of one side of the seed crystal, and the equiaxed crystal grains with the diameter smaller than 0.5mm are not counted;
(3) columnar crystals which are not visible in 15mm from at least one side end face of the seed crystal;
(4) the inner surface of 15mm from at least the seed crystal side end face was not allowed to have freckle defects.
6. The process for preparing a seed crystal for casting a three-dimensional orientation-controllable nickel-based single crystal blade according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: polishing and cleaning the surface of the seed crystal section with qualified Laue detection crystal orientation in the step 8), ensuring that the surface of the seed crystal is free of redundant adherends, greasy dirt and oxide skin, placing the seed crystal in a wooden box, storing the seed crystal in a dry storage room for casting nickel-based monocrystalline blades, and performing rejection treatment on unqualified seed crystal.
7. The process for preparing a seed crystal for casting a three-dimensional orientation-controllable nickel-based single crystal blade according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the qualification criteria in step 8) are that the primary dendrite and secondary dendrite orientations deviate axially in the range of 0-5 deg..
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