CN114829138A - 具有全息图元件和电致变色功能元件的复合玻璃板 - Google Patents
具有全息图元件和电致变色功能元件的复合玻璃板 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN114829138A CN114829138A CN202180004642.7A CN202180004642A CN114829138A CN 114829138 A CN114829138 A CN 114829138A CN 202180004642 A CN202180004642 A CN 202180004642A CN 114829138 A CN114829138 A CN 114829138A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- glass pane
- hologram element
- composite glass
- composite
- hologram
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Images
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种复合玻璃板(100),其至少包括具有外面(I)和内面(II)的外玻璃板(1)、第一中间层(3)、全息图元件(4)、电致变色功能元件(5)和具有外面(III)和内面(IV)的内玻璃板(2)。全息图元件(4)布置在外玻璃板(1)与内玻璃板(2)之间,第一中间层(3)布置在外玻璃板(1)与全息图元件(4)之间或在内玻璃板(2)与全息图元件(4)之间,电致变色功能元件(5)布置在复合玻璃板(100)的一个区域中作为外玻璃板(1)的内面(II)上的涂层,并且全息图元件(4)在通过复合玻璃板(100)的垂直视图中完全布置在电致变色功能元件(5)布置在其中的区域内。
Description
本发明涉及一种复合玻璃板,特别是用于全息平视显示器,用于制造这种复合玻璃板的方法,以及这种复合玻璃板的用途。
现今,在许多地方使用复合玻璃板,特别是在交通工具制造中。在此,术语交通工具尤其包括道路交通工具、飞机、船舶、农业机械或工作设备。
复合玻璃板也用于其他领域。这些包括,例如,建筑物装配玻璃或信息显示器,例如在博物馆中或作为广告展示。
复合玻璃板经常也用作显示器,特别是用作平视显示器(HUD),用于显示信息。在此,借助于投影设备将图像投影到复合玻璃板上,以便使信息渐显在观察者的视野中。在交通工具领域中,投影装置例如布置在仪表板上,使得投影的图像在向观察者倾斜的复合玻璃板的最近玻璃面上向观察者的方向反射(参见例如欧洲专利EP 0 420 228 B1 或德国公开文献DE 10 2012 211 729 A1)。
DE 10 2012 019 506 A1中公开了一种复合玻璃板,其具有显示屏和嵌入在复合玻璃板的两个玻璃板之间或胶合到复合玻璃板内侧上的电致变色层。
CN 109521570 A公开了一种平视显示器,其具有带有半透半反层和电致变色材料的屏幕。
层压在复合玻璃板的玻璃板之间的全息图可用于平视显示器。全息图可以包含记录在其中的信息。全息图可以通过投影仪发射的光来激活,并因此记录在全息图中的信息可以为观看者再现。例如,在出版物 WO 2012/156124 A1、US 2019/0056596 A1、US 10,394,032 B2、US 10,061,069 B2 和US 2015/205138 A1中公开了基于全息原理的平视显示器。
存在不同类型的全息图。这些包括例如反射全息图或基于在全息图中引导光波的原理的全息图,所谓的波导或波导全息图。
原则上,平视显示器的组件必须在交通工具中布置得使观察者能够看到投影的图像,这不可避免地限制交通工具中的布置,因为光线在交通工具玻璃板的反射表面上的反射满足入射角相应于反射角的条件。
在设计平视显示器时,还必须注意投影仪具有相应的大功率,使得投影的图像具有足够的亮度,尤其是在阳光入射时,并且易于被观看者识别。这需要一定尺寸的投影仪,并伴随以相应的电流消耗和运行产热。
此外,在平视显示器的情况下难以保护用户的隐私,因为所使用的投影面的两侧都是透明的。此外,必须通过避免眩光来关照行人的安全。
EP 0 950 913 B1中公开了一种用于改善机动车辆中平视显示器的显示对比度的设备,其中从交通工具驾驶员看来,挡风玻璃在一定的立体角中是深色着色的,并且其中借助于平视显示器显示的信息在这个特定的立体角中是交通工具驾驶员可见的。在此,挡风玻璃变暗的特定立体角位于交通工具驾驶员在驾驶机动车辆时通常必须看到的常规视野之外。
专利文献DE 42 42 797 C2公开了一种用于显示交通工具信息的平视显示体系,其具有反射式全息板,显示光可以通过该反射式全息板偏转至交通工具驾驶员,其中全息板布置在交通工具挡风玻璃的下部区域中并且在全息板的背侧上提供有屏蔽外部光线进入全息板的暗膜或黑色陶瓷漆层。为了不限制驾驶员的视野,全息板安置在挡风玻璃的下部区域中。
本发明的目的在于提供一种改进的具有全息图元件的复合玻璃板及其制造方法。
根据本发明,本发明的目的通过根据权利要求1的复合玻璃板和根据权利要求14的方法得以实现。优选实施方案由从属权利要求获悉。
本发明涉及一种复合玻璃板,其至少包括具有外面和内面的外玻璃板、第一中间层、全息图元件和具有外面和内面的内玻璃板。
根据本发明,所述复合玻璃板具有电致变色功能元件,其布置在复合玻璃板的一个区域中作为外玻璃板的内面上的涂层。
在根据本发明的复合玻璃板中,全息图元件布置在外玻璃板与内玻璃板之间,第一中间层布置在外玻璃板与全息图元件之间或在全息图元件与内玻璃板之间。
根据本发明,在通过复合玻璃板的垂直视图中,全息图元件完全布置在电致变色功能元件布置在其中的区域内。
如上所述,外玻璃板和内玻璃板各自具有外侧表面,即外面,和内部空间侧表面,即内面,以及在它们之间延伸的环绕的侧棱边。在本发明意义上,外面是指提供用以在安装位置朝向外部环境的那个主面。在本发明意义上,内面是指提供用以在安装位置朝向内部空间的那个主面。在根据本发明的复合玻璃板中,外玻璃板的内面和内玻璃板的外面彼此面对。
典型地,玻璃质玻璃板的表面如下称谓:
外玻璃板的外侧表面称为侧 I。外玻璃板的内部空间侧表面称为侧II。内玻璃板的外侧表面称为侧III。内玻璃板的内部空间侧表面称为侧IV。
如果复合玻璃板提供用于在交通工具或建筑物的窗户开口中将内部空间与外部环境分隔开,则本发明意义上的内玻璃板是指朝向内部空间(交通工具内部空间)的玻璃板。外玻璃板是指朝向外部环境的玻璃板。
不言而喻,通过复合玻璃板透视意味着从外部环境出发透视或从内部空间出发透视。
将布置在全息图元件内的反射全息图或波导全息图称为全息图。全息图元件是指包含全息图的全息介质。全息图元件包括光敏材料。通过用合适的光源曝光,可以在这种光敏材料中记录全息图。在制成的复合玻璃板中,全息图元件的材料不再对光敏感,因为光敏材料在工艺期间改变到不再能够记录全息图的程度。术语全息图元件是指未曝光的光敏材料全息图元件和具有所记录的全息图的最终的全息图元件。根据本发明,最终的全息图元件包括至少一个全息图,但优选地包括多个单独的全息图。
全息图元件包括全息材料并且可以另外任选地包括第一基材层和/或第二基材层。合适的全息材料是本领域技术人员已知的。合适的第一和第二基材层同样是本领域技术人员已知的。
全息图元件优选包括光聚合物、重铬酸盐明胶或卤化银作为全息材料。
如果全息图元件包括光聚合物作为全息材料,则全息图元件优选地除了光聚合物之外还包括第一基材层和第二基材层,其中光聚合物优选地布置在第一基材层与第二基材层之间。例如在US 2019/0101865 A1中描述了具有布置在两个基材层之间的光聚合物的全息图元件。
在一个实施方式中,第一中间层布置在内玻璃板与全息图元件之间。
在另一实施方式中,第一中间层布置在外玻璃板与全息图元件之间。
在另一实施方式中,全息图元件包括重铬酸盐明胶或卤化银作为全息材料并且形成为内玻璃板的外面上的涂层。在该实施方式中,第一中间层布置在全息图元件与外玻璃板之间。
不言而喻,在全息图元件包括重铬酸盐明胶或卤化银作为全息材料的实施方式中,重铬酸盐明胶或卤化银并非必定必须形成为内玻璃板外面上的涂层。例如,作为全息材料的重铬酸盐明胶或卤化银也可以施加在第一基材层上,从而全息图元件包括全息材料和第一基材层,或者布置在第一与第二基材层之间,从而全息图元件包括全息材料和第一和第二基材层。
在第一中间层布置在内玻璃板与全息图元件之间的实施方式中,复合玻璃板可以任选地具有布置在外玻璃板与全息图元件之间的第二中间层。
因此,根据本发明也是一种复合玻璃板,其至少包括具有外面和内面的外玻璃板、第一中间层、第二中间层、全息图元件、电致变色功能元件和具有外面和内面的内玻璃板,其中全息图元件布置在外玻璃板与内玻璃板之间,第一中间层布置在内玻璃板与全息图元件之间,第二中间层布置在外玻璃板与全息图元件之间,电致变色功能元件布置在复合玻璃板的一个区域中作为外玻璃板内面上的涂层,并且全息图元件在通过复合玻璃板的垂直视图中完全布置在电致变色功能元件布置在其中的区域内。
第一中间层优选为热塑性中间层或光学透明粘合剂,所谓的optical clearadhesive(光学透明粘合剂)(OCA)。
合适的光学透明粘合剂,所谓的optical clear adhesive(光学透明粘合剂)(OCA),是本领域技术人员已知的。
在第一中间层形成为热塑性中间层的实施方式中,第一中间层优选至少包含聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)、乙烯醋酸乙烯酯(EVA)、热塑性聚氨酯(PU)或它们的混合物或共聚物或衍生物,特别优选聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB),非常特别优选聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)和本领域技术人员已知的添加剂,例如增塑剂。
增塑剂是使塑料更柔、更韧、更软和/或更有弹性的化学化合物。它们使塑料的热弹性范围向更低的温度移动,从而使塑料在使用温度范围内具有所需的更有弹性的性能。优选的增塑剂是羧酸酯,尤其是难挥发的羧酸酯、脂肪、油、软树脂和樟脑。其他增塑剂优选为三甘醇或四甘醇的脂族二酯。特别优选使用3G7、3G8或4G7作为增塑剂,其中第一位数字表示乙二醇单元的数目,最后一位数字表示化合物的羧酸部分中的碳原子数目。因此,3G8代表三甘醇-双-(2-乙基己酸酯),即代表式C4H9CH (CH2CH3) CO (OCH2CH2)3O2CCH (CH2CH3)C4H9的化合物。
在这些实施方式中,形成为热塑性中间层的第一中间层优选包含至少3重量%,优选至少5重量%,特别优选至少20重量%,还更优选至少30重量%和特别是至少40重量%的增塑剂。增塑剂包含三甘醇-双-(2-乙基己酸酯)或优选由其组成。
在这些实施方式中,形成为热塑性中间层的第一中间层更优选包含至少60重量%,特别优选至少70重量%,特别是至少90重量%,例如至少97重量%的聚乙烯醇缩丁醛。
第一中间层的厚度优选为0.2mm至2mm,特别优选0.3mm至1mm,例如0.38mm或0.76mm。
如上所述,在第一中间层布置在内玻璃板与全息图元件之间的实施方式中,复合玻璃板任选地具有布置在外玻璃板与全息图元件之间的第二中间层。
第二中间层优选为热塑性中间层或光学透明粘合剂(OCA)。
合适的光学透明粘合剂,所谓的optical clear adhesives (OCA),是本领域技术人员已知的。
在第二中间层形成为热塑性中间层的实施方式中,第二中间层优选至少包含聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)、乙烯醋酸乙烯酯(EVA)、热塑性聚氨酯(PU)或它们的混合物或共聚物或衍生物,特别优选聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB),非常特别优选聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)和本领域技术人员已知的添加剂,例如增塑剂。
第二中间层的厚度优选为0.2mm至2mm,特别优选0.3mm至1mm,例如0.38mm或0.76mm。
电致变色功能元件优选在复合玻璃板面积的至少5%上,特别优选在至少10%上,非常特别优选在至少50 %上,特别是在至少90 %上延伸。电致变色功能元件也可以在整个复合玻璃板上全面地或基本上全面地延伸,即减去例如20mm的环绕的边缘区域全面地,该边缘区域通常被框架状深色覆盖印刷物覆盖。电致变色功能元件的全面或基本上全面的布置在生产中提供优点。
在一个优选的实施方式中,电致变色功能元件布置在复合玻璃板的边缘区域中,优选在复合玻璃板的下边缘区域中。该边缘区域通常与复合玻璃板的玻璃板边缘邻接。如果将复合玻璃板用作交通工具的挡风玻璃,则该实施方式特别合适,因为通过复合玻璃板下边缘区域中的该布置,在电致变色功能元件激活并且由此造成电致变色功能元件区域中的透射程度降低时,交通工具驾驶员主视野区域中的透射率也不受影响。
如上所述,根据本发明,在通过复合玻璃板的垂直视图中,全息图元件完全布置在电致变色功能元件布置在其中的区域内。因此,电致变色功能元件的外尺寸至少与全息图元件一样大。
在一个实施方式中,电致变色功能元件的外尺寸相应于全息图元件的外尺寸。在该实施方式中,电致变色功能元件和全息图元件在通过复合玻璃板的垂直视图中齐平地上下重叠布置。
然而,也可以是全息图元件的外尺寸小于电致变色功能元件,即电致变色功能元件的外尺寸大于全息图元件的外尺寸。
由于在通过复合玻璃板的垂直视图中全息图元件完全布置在电致变色功能元件布置在其中的区域内,因此从外通过复合玻璃板透视时,电致变色功能元件布置在全息图元件的前面。
在电致变色功能元件的激活状态下,电致变色功能元件的透明度降低。由于电致变色功能元件作为涂层布置在外玻璃板的内面上并因此从外通过复合玻璃板透视时布置在全息图元件的前面,因此,在电致变色功能元件激活时,特别是在阳光入射时,投影的图像具有足够的亮度,并且易于被观察者识别。
根据本发明的复合玻璃板通过使用全息原理结合以可以控制玻璃板的光学性能的电致变色功能元件,解决了对在玻璃上或玻璃后产生的图像的对比度要求高的问题。
如果借助于电致变色功能元件降低复合玻璃板的透明度,则生成的图像实现较高的对比度。由此极大地降低了所需的投影仪功率,这也可以减少投影仪的尺寸,并因此使其能够在有限的空间中使用,例如在汽车中。由于需要更少的光量,因此产生更少的热。此外,投影仪的能耗降低,这尤其对电动交通工具的续航里程能够产生有利作用。
此外,本发明能够保护全息图像显示器的用户的隐私。由于通过电致变色功能元件调节玻璃板的光学性能,即透明度,能够使交通工具外的行人看不到玻璃上显示的图像。此外,电致变色功能元件和全息图元件的组合避免了因投影仪传送的激光-或光束而造成的行人的眩目。
本发明是在复合玻璃中的电致变色功能元件和全息图元件的组合。该组合在激活电致变色功能元件并因此减少了传送的光的量时基于全息原理能够实现显示应用的隐私功能。这有助于利用全息材料的漫反射用于例如车外人员看不到的透明屏幕的应用。此外,电致变色功能元件形式的可切换背景增加了由全息图生成的图像的对比度。这有助于能够降低对投影仪的要求和/或增加可视区域。
电致变色功能元件形式的可切换背景提供了可以控制透射程度的优点。因此,透明状态和非透明状态之间的中间渐变是可能的。因此,可以根据太阳辐射的程度和/或投影仪功率来选择透明度的程度。
电致变色功能元件通常包括至少一个能够可逆地存储电荷的电化学活性层。在此,在存入状态和存出状态下的氧化态在其颜色上有所不同,其中状态之一是透明的。存入反应可以通过外部施加的电位差来控制。因此,电致变色元件的基本结构包括至少一种电致变色材料,例如氧化钨,其与平面电极和电荷源,例如传导离子的电解质接触。此外,电致变色层结构包含同样能够可逆地存入阳离子并与传导离子的电解质接触的反电极,以及连接至反电极的另一平面电极。所述平面电极与外部电压源连接,由此能够调节施加至有源层的电压并因此也能够调节颜色。平面电极大都是导电材料的薄层,通常是氧化铟锡(ITO)。
根据本发明的复合玻璃板可以具有的合适的电致变色功能元件是本领域技术人员已知的。其可以例如如US 5321544、US 5404244、US 7372610 B2、US 7593154 B2、WO2012/007334 A1、WO 2017/102900 A1或US 20120026573 A1中所公开般构建。
平面电极优选是透明的。平面电极优选包含至少一种金属、金属合金或透明导电氧化物(transparent conducting oxide, TCO)。导电层特别优选包含银、金、铜、镍、铬、钨、石墨、钼和/或透明导电氧化物,优选氧化铟锡(ITO)、掺杂氟的氧化锡(SnO2:F)、掺杂锑的氧化锡、掺杂铝的氧化锌、掺杂硼的氧化锌或掺杂镓的氧化锌。
在一个优选的实施方式中,平面电极包含透明导电氧化物,其中该平面电极具有20nm至2μm,特别优选50nm至1μm,非常特别优选100nm至600nm并且尤其是300 nm 至 500nm 总厚度。以此实现了有源层的有利电接触和层的良好水平导电性。
相对于使用PDLC功能元件(PDLC=polymer dispersed liquid crystal(聚合物分散液晶)),使用电致变色功能元件的优点是,可以控制透射程度。因此,在透明状态与非透明状态之间的中间渐变是可能的。
全息图元件优选为10μm至500μm厚,特别优选10μm至100μm厚。
任选的第一基材层和任选的第二基材层彼此独立地例如为35μm(微米)至60μm厚并且包含例如聚酰胺(PA)、三乙酸纤维素(TAC)和/或聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)。
如果全息图元件包含光聚合物作为全息材料,则其优选为10μm至100μm,例如16μm厚。合适的光聚合物是本领域技术人员已知的。
第一中间层和任选的第二中间层可以彼此独立地通过单一膜或由多于一个膜形成。
第一中间层和/或任选的第二中间层也可以彼此独立地是功能性中间层,特别是具有声阻尼性能的中间层、反射红外辐射的中间层、吸收红外辐射的中间层,吸收UV辐射的中间层,至少部分上色的中间层和/或至少部分着色的中间层。例如,第一中间层或第二中间层也可以是带式过滤膜。
外玻璃板和内玻璃板优选由玻璃制成,特别优选由钠钙玻璃制成,如其对于窗玻璃而言是常见的。然而,这些玻璃板也可以由其他类型的玻璃制成,例如石英玻璃、硼硅酸盐玻璃或铝硅酸盐玻璃,或者由刚性透明塑料制成,例如聚碳酸酯或聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯。玻璃板可以是透明的或着色的或上色的。如果复合玻璃板用作挡风玻璃,则外玻璃板和内玻璃板应在中央视区中具有足够的透光率,根据ECE-R43,优选在主透视区域A中至少70%。外玻璃板和内玻璃板优选是弯曲的,即它们具有曲率。
外玻璃板、内玻璃板、第一中间层和/或第二中间层可以具有本身已知的合适涂层,例如抗反射涂层、不粘涂层、抗刮擦涂层、光催化涂层或防晒涂层或低E涂层。在防晒涂层的情况下,优选光谱尽可能中性的涂层。
外玻璃板和内玻璃板的厚度可以宽泛地变化,因此可以适应个别情况的要求。外玻璃板和内玻璃板优选具有0.5mm至5mm、特别优选1mm至3mm、非常特别优选1.6mm至2.1mm的厚度。例如,外玻璃板的厚度为2.1mm,内玻璃板的厚度为1.6mm。然而,外玻璃板或特别是内玻璃板也可以是具有例如0.55mm厚度的薄玻璃。
根据本发明的复合玻璃板可以包括一个或多个附加的中间层,特别是功能性中间层。所述附加的中间层尤其可以是具有声阻尼性能的中间层、反射红外辐射的中间层、吸收红外辐射的中间层、吸收UV辐射的中间层、至少部分上色的中间层和/或至少部分着色的中间层。在存在多个附加的中间层的情况下,它们也可以具有不同的功能。
根据本发明的复合玻璃板可以另外包括覆盖印刷物,特别是由深色的、优选黑色的搪瓷制成的。覆盖印刷物尤其是***的,即框架状的覆盖印刷物。***的覆盖印刷物主要用作复合玻璃板的装配粘合剂的紫外线防护。覆盖印刷物可以是不透明的和全面形成的。覆盖印刷物也可以至少部分地是半透明的,例如作为点网格、条纹网格或方格网格形成的。或者,覆盖印刷物也可以具有梯度,例如从不透明覆盖到半透明覆盖。
本发明还包括用于为观察者呈现信息的投影装置,其至少包括根据本发明的复合玻璃板和从内部指向全息图元件的投影仪。根据本发明的复合玻璃板在此可以如上文在各种实施方式中所描述的那样形成。
投影装置的投影仪以全息图或在存在多于一个全息图的情况下全息图元件的全息图响应的波长发射光。
本发明还涉及用于制造复合玻璃板的方法,其中至少:
a)提供具有外面和内面和布置在作为内面的涂层的区域中的电致变色功能元件的外玻璃板、第一中间层、具有外面和内面的内玻璃板以及全息图元件,
b)形成层堆叠,其中全息图元件布置在外玻璃板与内玻璃板之间,第一中间层布置在外玻璃板与全息图元件之间或在内玻璃板与全息图元件之间,并且全息图元件在透视中完全布置在电致变色功能元件布置在其中的区域内,
C)通过层压连接该层堆叠。
不言而喻,在步骤 b) 中透视意味着通过该层堆叠透视。
全息图元件可以如上所述包含例如重铬酸盐明胶或卤化银或光聚合物作为全息材料。
全息图元件可以在步骤a)中作为未曝光的光敏材料的全息图元件或作为具有记录的全息图的最终全息图元件来提供。因此,也可以在步骤b)中形成堆叠序列,并且在步骤c)中与未曝光的全息图元件或与具有记录的全息图元件的最终全息图元件层压。不言而喻,当在步骤a)中提供未曝光的全息图元件时,根据本发明的方法包括在全息图元件中记录至少一个全息图的方法作为层压层堆叠之后的附加步骤。
如在根据本发明的复合玻璃板的各个实施方式中所解释的,除了全息材料之外,全息图元件还可以任选地包括第一基材层和/或第二基材层。
为制造全息图元件布置在第一中间层与第二中间层之间的根据本发明的复合玻璃板,该方法还包括在步骤a)中提供第二中间层和在步骤b)中形成层堆叠,其中全息图元件布置在外玻璃板与内玻璃板之间,第一中间层布置在内玻璃板与全息图元件之间,第二中间层布置在外玻璃板与全息图元件之间并且全息图元件在透视时完全布置在电致变色功能元件布置在其中的区域内,
堆叠序列的层压可以借助于常用的层压方法进行。例如,所谓的高压釜工艺可以在约10bar至15bar的升高的压力和130℃至145℃的温度下进行约2小时。或者,也可以使用无高压釜方法。本身已知的真空袋-或真空环方法例如在约200 mbar和80℃至110℃下工作。堆叠序列也可以在压延机中在至少一对辊之间压制成复合玻璃板。这种类型的设备已知用于制造玻璃板,并且通常在压机之前具有至少一个加热通道。压制过程期间的温度例如为40℃至150℃。压延法和高压釜法的组合在实践中已证明特别有用。或者,可以使用真空层压机。它们由一个或多个可加热和可抽真空的腔室组成,在所述腔室中将外玻璃板和内玻璃板在 0.01 mbar至800 mbar的减压和80℃至170℃的温度下在约60分钟内层压在一起。
上面结合根据本发明的复合玻璃板描述的实施方案也以相同的方式适用于根据本发明的方法。
此外,本发明包括根据本发明的具有全息元件和电致变色功能元件的复合玻璃板作为交通工具或建筑物中内部装配玻璃或外部装配玻璃,特别是作为用于陆上、空中或水上交通的运输工具中的交通工具玻璃板,特别是在机动车辆中,特别是作为用作投影面的挡风玻璃的用途。
在根据本发明的用途的一个优选实施方式中,根据本发明的复合玻璃板用作自动驾驶交通工具的挡风玻璃。
借助附图和实施例更详细阐述本发明。所述附图是示意图并且不按比例。所述附图不以任何方式限制本发明。其中:
图1示出根据本发明的复合玻璃板100的一个实施方案的平面图,
图2示出穿过根据本发明的复合玻璃板100的在图1中示出的实施方案的横截面,
图3示出穿过根据本发明的复合玻璃板100的另一实施方案的横截面,
图4示出穿过根据本发明的复合玻璃板100的另一实施方案的横截面,
图5示出根据本发明的复合玻璃板100的另一实施方案的平面图,
图6示出穿过根据本发明的复合玻璃板100的在图5中示出的实施方案的横截面,
图7示出根据本发明的复合玻璃板100的另一实施方案的平面图
图8示出根据本发明的复合玻璃板100的另一实施方案的平面图,和
图9基于流程图示出根据本发明的方法的一个实施例。
图1示出了根据本发明的复合玻璃板100的一个实施方案的平面图,并且在图2中示出了根据本发明的复合玻璃板100的在图1中所示的实施方案沿剖面线X-X'的横截面。在图1中所示的实施方式中,复合玻璃板100具有上棱边O、下棱边U和两个侧棱边S。如图2中所示,复合玻璃板100包括具有外面I和内面II的外玻璃板1、第一中间层3、全息图元件4、电致变色功能元件5和具有外面III和内面IV的内玻璃板2。在图1和图2中所示的实施方式中,全息图元件4全面地布置在外玻璃板1与内玻璃板2之间,第一中间层3全面地布置在外玻璃板1与全息图元件 4之间,和电致变色功能元件5作为涂层全面地布置在外玻璃板1的内面II上,并且例如如US 7372610 B2中所述般构建。
外玻璃板1例如由钠钙玻璃构成并且为2.1mm厚。内玻璃板2例如由钠钙玻璃构成并且为1.6mm厚。
第一中间层3在图1和2中所示的实施方式中例如是热塑性中间层并且由例如聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)组成并且为0.76mm厚。
在图 1 和 2 中所示的实施方式中,全息图元件 4例如由作为全息材料的重铬酸盐明胶组成,其形成为内玻璃板 2 的外面 III 上的涂层,并且厚度为例如 100 μm。或者,内玻璃板2的外面III也可以涂覆有卤化银作为全息图元件4。任选地,除了全息材料之外,全息图元件4还可以包括基材层,其中基材层直接相邻于第一中间层3布置。
图1和2中所示的根据本发明的复合玻璃板100的实施方式例如可以用作自动驾驶交通工具的挡风玻璃。
图3中示出了根据本发明的复合玻璃板100的另一个实施方案的横截面。图3中以横截面示出的复合玻璃板100与图2中所示的复合玻璃板100的不同之处在于,第一中间层3布置在内玻璃板2与全息图元件4之间。
图4中示出了根据本发明的复合玻璃板100的另一个实施方案的横截面。图4中以横截面显示的复合玻璃板100与图3中所示的复合玻璃板100的不同之处在于,第二中间层6布置在全息图元件4与外玻璃板1之间。在图4中所示的实施方式中,全息图元件4优选地是包括光聚合物作为全息材料的全息图元件,其布置在两个基材层之间(图4中未更详细地示出)。在图4中所示的实施方式中,第一中间层3和第二中间层6例如是含有聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)的热塑性中间层,并且例如分别为0.38mm厚。或者,第一中间层3也可以是光学透明粘合剂(OCA)和/或第二中间层6可以是光学透明粘合剂(OCA)。
图5示出了根据本发明的复合玻璃板100的另一个实施方案的平面图,并且图6中示出了沿剖面线X-X'通过图5中示出的根据本发明的复合玻璃板100的实施方案的截面图。图5和6中所示的根据本发明的复合玻璃板100的实施方案与图1和2所示的实施方案的不同之处特别在于,电致变色功能元件5仅布置在复合玻璃板的下边缘区域中,与复合玻璃板100的下棱边U直接邻接。在外玻璃板1的内侧II上施加电致变色功能元件5作为涂层的区域在图5中具有附图标记C,并且电致变色功能元件5的外尺寸以点线示出。布置全息图元件4的区域具有附图标记D,全息图元件4的外尺寸用虚线表示。如从图5可以看出的,全息图元件4的外尺寸小于电致变色功能元件5,并且在穿过复合玻璃板100的垂直视图中,它完全布置在区域C内,即完全布置在电致变色功能元件5布置在其中的区域内。
不言而喻,外玻璃板1与内玻璃板2之间的各个层的层序列或者也可以是类似于图3和图4中所示的层序列。
图5和6中所示的根据本发明的复合玻璃板100的实施方式例如可以用作交通工具的挡风玻璃。由于电致变色功能元件5仅布置在复合玻璃板100的下边缘区域中,因此在电致变色功能元件5激活时在交通工具驾驶员的主视域中也存在法律要求的复合玻璃板100的透明度。
图7示出了根据本发明的复合玻璃板100的另一个实施方案的平面图。图7中所示的实施方案与之前所示的实施方案的不同之处在于,电致变色功能元件5和全息图元件4具有相同的外尺寸,在通过复合玻璃板的垂直视图中,齐平地上下重叠布置,并且布置在复合玻璃板100的下边缘区域中。因此,布置有电致变色功能元件5的区域C和布置有全息图元件4的区域D叠合。
图7中所示的根据本发明的复合玻璃板100的实施方式例如可以用作交通工具的挡风玻璃。由于电致变色功能元件5仅布置在复合玻璃板100的下边缘区域中,因此在电致变色功能元件5激活时在交通工具驾驶员的主视域中也存在法律要求的复合玻璃板100的透明度。
图8示出了根据本发明的复合玻璃板100的另一实施方案的平面图。图8中所示的实施方案与图7所示的实施方案的不同之处在于,电致变色功能元件5和全息图元件 4减去例如20mm的环绕的边缘区域全面地延伸。
图8中所示的根据本发明的复合玻璃板100的实施方式例如可以用作自动驾驶交通工具的挡风玻璃。
图9借助于流程图示出了用于制造根据本发明的复合玻璃板100的根据本发明的方法的一个实施例,包括以下步骤:
P1提供具有外面I和内面II和布置在作为内面II的涂层的区域中的电致变色功能元件5的外玻璃板1、第一中间层3、具有外面III和内面IV的内玻璃板2和全息图元件4。
P2形成层堆叠,其中全息图元件4布置在外玻璃板1与内玻璃板2之间,第一中间层3布置在外玻璃板1与全息图元件4之间或在内玻璃板2与全息图元件 4之间,并且全息图元件 4在透视中全面地布置在电致变色功能元件5布置在其中的区域内。
P3通过层压连接叠层。
附图标记列表:
1 外玻璃板
2 内玻璃板
3 第一中间层
4 全息图元素
5 电致变色功能元件
6 第二中间层
100 复合玻璃板
I 外玻璃板1的外面
II 外玻璃板1的内面
III 内玻璃板 2 的外面
IV 内玻璃板 2 的内面
C 电致变色功能元件的区域
D 全息图元素的区域
O 上棱边
U 下棱边
S 侧棱边
XX' 剖面线
Claims (15)
1.复合玻璃板(100),其至少包括
- 具有外面(I)和内面(II)的外玻璃板(1),
- 第一中间层(3),
- 全息图元件(4),
- 电致变色功能元件(5)和
- 具有外面(III)和内面(IV)的内玻璃板(2),
其中全息图元件(4)布置在外玻璃板(1)与内玻璃板(2)之间,第一中间层(3)布置在外玻璃板(1)与全息图元件(4)之间或在内玻璃板 (2)与全息图元件(4) 之间,电致变色功能元件(5)布置在复合玻璃板(100)的一个区域中作为外玻璃板(1)的内面(II)上的涂层,并且全息图元件(4)在通过复合玻璃板(100)的垂直视图中完全布置在电致变色功能元件(5)布置在其中的区域内。
2.根据权利要求1所述的复合玻璃板,其中所述全息图元件(4)包括全息材料和任选的第一基材层和/或第二基材层。
3.根据权利要求2所述的复合玻璃板(100),其中所述全息材料包括光聚合物、重铬酸盐明胶或卤化银。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的复合玻璃板(100),其中所述第一中间层(3)布置在内玻璃板(2)与全息图元件(4)之间。
5.根据权利要求2所述的复合玻璃板(100),其中全息图元件(4)包含重铬酸盐明胶或卤化银作为全息材料,并且形成为内玻璃板(2)的外面(III)的涂层,并且在外玻璃板(1)与全息图元件(4)之间布置第一中间层(3)。
6.根据权利要求4所述的复合玻璃板(100),其还包括布置在全息图元件(4)与外玻璃板(1)之间的第二中间层(6)。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的复合玻璃板(100),其中第一中间层(3)是热塑性中间层或光学透明粘合剂(OCA)。
8.根据权利要求6所述的复合玻璃板(100),其中第二中间层(6)是热塑性中间层或光学透明粘合剂(OCA)。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的复合玻璃板(100),其中电致变色功能元件(5)和全息图元件(4)在复合玻璃板(100)的面积的至少5%上,优选在至少10%上,特别优选在至少50%上,非常特别地在至少90%上延伸。
10.根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的复合玻璃板(100),其中电致变色功能元件(5)布置在复合玻璃板(100)的边缘区域中,优选在复合玻璃板(100)的下边缘区域中。
11.根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的复合玻璃板(100),其中电致变色功能元件(5)的外尺寸相应于全息图元件(4)的外尺寸。
12.根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的复合玻璃板(100),其中电致变色功能元件(5)的外尺寸大于全息图元件(4)的外尺寸。
13.投影装置,其包括根据权利要求1至12中任一项所述的复合玻璃板(100)和从内部指向全息图元件(4)的投影仪。
14.根据权利要求1至12中任一项所述的用于制造复合玻璃板(100)的方法,其中至少
a)提供具有外面(I)和内面(II)和布置在内面(II)的作为涂层的区域中的电致变色功能元件(5) 的外玻璃板(1)、第一中间层(3)、具有外面(III)和内面(IV)的内玻璃板(2)和全息图元件(4),
b)形成层堆叠,其中全息图元件(4)布置在外玻璃板(1)与内玻璃板(2)之间,第一中间层(3)布置在外玻璃板(1)与全息图元件(4) 之间或在内玻璃板(2)与全息图元件(4)之间,并且全息图元件(4)在透视时完全布置在电致变色功能元件(5)布置在其中的区域内,
c)通过层压连接层堆叠。
15.根据权利要求1至12中任一项所述的复合玻璃板(100)作为交通工具或建筑物中的内部装配玻璃或外部装配玻璃,特别是作为用于陆上、空中或水上交通的运输工具中的交通工具玻璃板,特别是在机动车辆中,特别是作为用作投影面的挡风玻璃的用途。
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