Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a high adhesion train wheel, which can increase the adhesion between the train wheel and the rail to ensure the stable high-speed operation of the train.
The invention discloses a high-adhesion train wheel, which comprises a wheel body, an adjusting cavity arranged in the middle of the wheel body and a passage adjusting device arranged in the adjusting cavity, wherein an even number of air passages are formed in the excircle of the wheel body, the air passages are symmetrically distributed by taking the axis of the wheel body as the center and radially extend to be communicated with the adjusting cavity, and in the rotating process of the wheel body, the passage adjusting device is used for communicating the air passages which rotate to the upper part of the wheel body and are in a vertical state with the air passages which rotate to the lower part of the wheel body and are in a vertical state and sealing the air passages in other states.
Furthermore, the adjusting cavity and the passage adjusting device are cylindrical structures which are coaxially arranged with the wheel body and are matched with each other in a fitting manner, the passage adjusting device is installed in the adjusting cavity in a sealing and rotating manner, a middle adjusting air channel is vertically formed in the passage adjusting device, the passage adjusting device is formed by splicing a light part which is located above and in a semicircular shape and a counterweight part which is located below and in a semicircular shape, the weight of the counterweight part is larger than that of the light part, so that the passage adjusting device maintains a constant posture in the rotating process of the wheel body, the middle adjusting air channel maintains an approximately vertical state in the constant posture, the upper end of the middle adjusting air channel is communicated with the air channel which is in a vertical state above the wheel body in the state, and the lower end of the middle adjusting air channel is communicated with the air channel which is in a vertical state below the wheel body in the rotating state.
Furthermore, the upper end of the middle adjusting air passage is a fan-shaped opening which is expanded upwards, and the lower end of the middle air passage is a fan-shaped opening which is expanded downwards.
Furthermore, the outer circle of the wheel body is located on one side, facing the rotation direction of the wheel body, of the air passage and is circumferentially provided with a guide groove, and the depth of the guide groove is gradually reduced from one side, far away from the air passage, of the air passage in the circumferential direction to one side, close to the air passage.
Further, the coaxial pilot hole that has seted up on the passageway adjusting device, pilot hole normal running fit installs in the pivot of adjusting the intracavity, middle regulation air flue middle part has bilateral symmetry and walks around the middle branch road of pilot hole circumference both sides.
Furthermore, adjust the chamber and for seting up the counter bore structure in wheel body axial outer end, it has the lid to adjust chamber open end department, the pivot is connected on the lid.
Further, the wheel body axial inner end is provided with an assembling part which axially extends and is used for being matched with a train.
Furthermore, the outer circles of the two axial ends of the wheel body are provided with flanges which are formed by radial protrusion.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the gravity center of the passage adjusting device is positioned below the central axis, the posture of the passage adjusting device is kept constant in the rotating process of the wheel body, namely, the middle adjusting air passage is always kept in a vertical state, when the air passages rotate to the upper part and the lower part of the wheel body, the air passages are in butt joint communication with the middle adjusting air passage to form a through state, and the lower air passage generates an adsorption effect on a track at the moment, so that the adhesive force of the wheel body is improved; the adsorption effect can damage a film formed by accumulated snow or water stains on the track, the friction force between the wheel body and the track can be increased, in addition, air passages in other postures are closed by the passage adjusting device in the adsorption process, so that airflow flow does not exist in other air passages to reduce the influence on the rolling of the wheel body, and in addition, the airflow flow of the structure only occurs in the circumferential direction and the radial direction of the wheel body and does not relate to the axial direction of the wheel body, so that pressure difference cannot be generated in the axial direction of the wheel body, and the deflection of the axial direction of the wheel body cannot be caused; the middle adjusting air passage is provided with two branches which extend circumferentially around the assembly hole, the branched structure enables the air flow to have radial acting force in the left and right directions on the passage adjusting device, the posture of the passage adjusting device can be kept stable through the acting force, and the passage adjusting device can be effectively prevented from swinging.
Detailed Description
As shown in the figures, the embodiment provides a high-adhesion train wheel, including wheel body 1, set up in the regulation chamber 2 in wheel body middle part and set up the route adjusting device 3 in adjusting the chamber, an even number of air flue 4 has been seted up to the wheel body excircle, and each air flue uses wheel body axis as central symmetry distribution and radial extension and regulation chamber intercommunication, and in the wheel body rotates the in-process, route adjusting device is used for making the air flue that rotates to be vertical state above the wheel body communicate with the air flue that rotates to be vertical state below the wheel body to make the air flue of other states seal. As shown in fig. 1 and 2, four air passages are formed in the wheel body, more air passages can be formed in the wheel body according to actual needs, the number of the air passages is even and the air passages are distributed in a central symmetry manner, so that when one air passage rotates to be vertical above the wheel body in the rotation process of the wheel body, one air passage must rotate to be vertical below the wheel body, the end part of the air passage located below is abutted against the track to form approximate sealing, and in the rotation process of the wheel body leftwards in the drawing, the air flow flows along the upper part of the excircle of the wheel body to the right side and flows through the end part of the vertical air passage located above the excircle of the wheel body, a low-pressure area is formed at the upper part of the excircle of the wheel body, so that the air in the vertical air passage above the wheel body flows upwards, a low-pressure area is formed in the vertical air passage above the wheel body, and the vertical air passage below is communicated with the vertical air passage below at the moment, make the vertical air flue of below and the tip of track contact form the adsorption effect, improve the adhesive force of wheel body, and this adsorption effect can destroy the membrane that snow or water stain formation on the track, can increase wheel body and orbital frictional force, and the air flue that is in other gestures in the adsorption process is sealed by route adjusting device, so other air flues do not have the air current flow, in order to reduce the rolling influence to the wheel body, the air current flow of this structure only takes place at wheel body circumference and radial direction in addition, and do not involve the axial direction of wheel body, so also can not produce the pressure differential in wheel body axial direction, consequently can not lead to the deflection of wheel body axial direction.
In this embodiment, the adjusting cavity and the passage adjusting device are cylindrical structures which are coaxially arranged with the wheel body and are in fit with each other, the passage adjusting device is installed in the adjusting cavity in a sealing and rotating fit manner, the passage adjusting device is vertically provided with a middle adjusting air channel 5, the passage adjusting device is formed by splicing a light part 3a which is semicircular above and a counterweight part 3b which is semicircular below, the weight of the counterweight part is larger than that of the light part, so that the passage adjusting device maintains a constant posture in the rotating process of the wheel body, the middle adjusting air channel maintains an approximately vertical state in the constant posture, the upper end of the middle adjusting air channel is communicated with the air channel which rotates to be vertical above the wheel body in the state, and the lower end of the middle adjusting air channel is communicated with the air channel which rotates to be vertical below the wheel body in the state. The adjusting cavity and the passage adjusting device are preferably in clearance fit so that the passage adjusting device can rotate relatively in the adjusting cavity, a self-lubricating layer is preferably arranged at the inner circle of the adjusting cavity, the outer circle of the passage adjusting device is in contact with the inner circle of the adjusting cavity to form sealing for the inner end part of the air passage, a sealing structure formed by the structure is not absolute sealing, the sealing effect can be adjusted by adjusting the matching mode of the outer circle of the passage adjusting device and the inner circle of the adjusting cavity, and the detailed description is omitted herein; referring to fig. 2, the light weight portion and the counterweight portion are semi-circular structures, the light weight portion and the counterweight portion are preferably made of metal materials, the light weight portion and the counterweight portion can be integrally formed through welding, the gravity center adjustment is facilitated through a split structure, and the forming of the air channel is facilitated through the middle adjustment, wherein the larger the density of the counterweight portion is, the better the density is, corresponding metal materials can be selected according to actual density and production cost, the structure enables the gravity center of the passage adjusting device to be located below the central axis, so that the torque for preventing the counterweight portion from rotating upwards is automatically provided to maintain the posture of the counterweight portion at the lower light weight portion, the passage adjusting device keeps constant during the rotation of the wheel body, namely, the purposes of the rotation of the wheel body and the constant posture of the passage adjusting device are achieved, the middle adjustment air channel is always kept in a vertical state, and the static state of the passage adjusting device is not the absolute static state, under the influence of the rotation of the wheel body, in the actual process, the passage adjusting device can swing relatively, and at the moment, the middle adjusting air passage correspondingly deflects at a certain angle in the vertical state, so that the details are not repeated; when the air flue rotates wheel body top and below, adjust the air flue butt joint intercommunication with the centre and form the through state, the air flue of below produces adsorption effect to the track this moment, and this structure can guarantee all the time that vertical air flue with the track contact has adsorption effect, and the air flue of other gestures does not participate in work, can reduce the resistance of air current to the wheel body.
In this embodiment, the upper end of the middle adjusting air passage 5 is a fan-shaped opening expanding upward, and the lower end of the middle air passage is a fan-shaped opening expanding downward. The angle of the fan-shaped opening is preferably larger than 30 degrees, and as shown in a combined view in fig. 1, the middle adjusting air passage of the structure is beneficial to being in butt joint communication with the vertical air passage, and when the passage adjusting device swings under the influence of the wheel body, the effective communication of the upper vertical air passage and the lower vertical air passage can be always ensured.
In this embodiment, a diversion trench 6 is circumferentially formed in the outer circle of the wheel body on one side of the air passage 4 facing the rotation direction of the wheel body, and the depth of the diversion trench gradually decreases from the side of the circumferential direction away from the air passage to the side of the circumferential direction close to the air passage. The rotation direction of the wheel body is opposite to the rotation direction of the wheel body, as shown in a combined view of fig. 2, the wheel body rotates clockwise, the rotation direction of the wheel body is anticlockwise, namely the guide groove is positioned at the outer end part of the air passage and is positioned on one side of the anticlockwise, the axial width of the guide groove is smaller than that of the wheel body, as shown in a combined view of fig. 2, the guide groove can guide the air flow to flow obliquely upwards at the end part of the upper vertical air passage, so that a larger negative pressure area can be formed at the end part of the air passage, a better suction effect can be formed inside the air passage, the adsorption effect of the lower vertical air passage can be increased, and the adhesion capacity of the wheel body can be improved.
In this embodiment, the coaxial pilot hole that has seted up on the passageway adjusting device, pilot hole normal running fit installs on adjusting the pivot 7 in the chamber 2, 5 middle parts of middle regulation air flue have bilateral symmetry and walk around the middle branch road 5a of pilot hole circumference both sides. The left and right directions are consistent with the directions in fig. 2, and as shown in fig. 2, the air flow is subjected to a suction effect, flows to the upper vertical air passage from the lower vertical air passage, is branched when flowing through the middle adjusting air passage, and the two branches extend circumferentially around the assembly hole.
In this embodiment, the adjusting cavity 2 is a counter bore structure provided at the axial outer end of the wheel body, the opening end of the adjusting cavity 2 is covered with a cover body 8, and the rotating shaft 7 is connected to the cover body. The cover body is connected to the wheel body through bolts, and as shown in the figure 1, the rotating shaft is integrated on the cover body, so that the cover body and the passage adjusting device are convenient to disassemble and maintain; the passage adjusting device is arranged on the rotating shaft in a rotating fit mode, and the gravity center of the passage adjusting device is lower, so that when the wheel body rotates, the rotating shaft rotates relative to the passage adjusting device, and the posture of the passage adjusting device is kept constant.
In this embodiment, the axially inner end of the wheel body has a fitting portion 9 extending axially for engagement with a train. Referring to fig. 1, the assembly portion is a shaft sleeve in transmission fit with a train rotating shaft, of course, the assembly portion itself may also be a rotating shaft, and two ends of the rotating shaft may be integrally formed with two wheel bodies, respectively, which is not described herein again;
in this embodiment, the wheel body has a radially protruding flange 10 at the outer circle of the two axial ends. The flanges are clamped on two sides of the track, so that derailment is prevented.
Finally, the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all of them should be covered in the claims of the present invention.