CN114468125B - Preparation method of high-nutrition edible fungus chaff feed - Google Patents
Preparation method of high-nutrition edible fungus chaff feed Download PDFInfo
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- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
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- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
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- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
- A23K10/38—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material from distillers' or brewers' waste
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a high-nutrition edible fungus chaff feed, which belongs to the technical field of feed processing and specifically comprises the following steps: a. mixing distiller's grains of Luzhou-flavor liquor, cotton seed hull and bran in proportion, adding sucrose 0.5-1.5%, gypsum powder 0.8-1.2%, calcium superphosphate 0.6-1.2%, magnesium sulfate 0.02-0.08%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.1-0.4% and lime 1-2%, and mixing; b. sterilizing the mixture at high temperature, inoculating oyster mushroom strain, and culturing until mycelia are fully packed; c. mixing mycelium, bean pulp and bran in proportion, supplementing water, sterilizing, and inoculating Aspergillus oryzae for culturing; d. and (3) filling the product into a self-sealing bag, sealing the discharged air, carrying out enzymolysis at constant temperature, and drying to obtain the high-nutrition edible fungus chaff feed. The preparation method of the high-nutrition edible fungus chaff feed can effectively solve the problems of higher production cost and lower nutritive value of the existing edible fungus chaff feed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of feed processing, and relates to a high-nutrition edible fungus chaff feed and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the rapid development of modern animal husbandry in China and the continuous improvement of ecological environment protection consciousness, intensive and modern cultivation modes become an important way for realizing structural reform on the agricultural supply side and ensuring the quality safety of animal products. However, a large amount of cultivated land is produced around the breeding industry, and the problem of contending for food and livestock in 40% of the total yield of the food in the whole country is increasingly prominent. The huge gap between high-quality forage grass and protein feed has become one of the most critical factors restricting quality improvement and efficiency improvement in the grass and animal husbandry in China. In order to relieve the contradiction between feed raw material supply and demand, the source opening and the throttling are needed, but the difficult problem is fundamentally solved, and the pace of developing and utilizing high-quality feed raw materials is also needed to be quickened.
In recent years, under the promotion of external factors such as severe shortage of feed resources, continuous rising of cultivation cost, enhanced environmental protection consciousness and the like, the utilization of edible fungus chaff feed has been widely focused by various communities, and the research on the nutrition components of common edible fungus chaff has been widely accepted. However, the positioning of the fungus chaff feed is not clear at present, and a great number of research reports show that some fungus chaff is used as coarse feed in cultivation or silage fermented feed is prepared, and other fungus chaff is used as concentrate raw material and is directly applied to feed formula. The uncertainty in the research process shows that the bacterial bran feed is also more chaotic in production and application, the instability of feeding livestock is also caused, the treatment method for preparing the bacterial bran feed into the feed is also different due to different bacterial bran nutrients, the production method has higher cost, and the nutritional value of the final feed is also different.
Therefore, research on edible fungus chaff feed with high nutrition and low cost and preparation method thereof are urgently needed at present
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem that the nutritional value of the existing edible fungus chaff feed is low.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows: the preparation method of the high-nutrition edible fungus chaff feed comprises the following steps:
a. mixing the distillers 'grains of the strong aromatic Chinese spirit, the cotton seed hulls and the bran according to the mass ratio of 5-8:0-3:1-2 to obtain a distillers' grains mixture, adding auxiliary materials into the distillers 'grains mixture, and uniformly mixing again to obtain a mixed material, wherein the addition amount of the auxiliary materials is 0.5-1.5% of sucrose, 0.8-1.5% of gypsum powder, 0.6-1.2% of calcium superphosphate, 0.02-0.08% of magnesium sulfate, 0.1-0.4% of monopotassium phosphate and 1-2% of lime, based on the mass of the distillers' grains mixture;
b. sterilizing the mixture at high temperature, inoculating oyster mushroom strain, and culturing until mycelia are fully packed;
c. mixing hypha, bean pulp and bran according to the mass ratio of 5-8:1-3:0-2, supplementing water to 45-55% of water content, sterilizing, inoculating Aspergillus oryzae, and culturing until the addition amount of Aspergillus oryzae is 1-4% of the total wet weight of the materials;
d. c, filling the product obtained in the step c into a self-sealing bag, discharging air, performing enzymolysis at a constant temperature in a sealing way, and drying to obtain the high-nutrition edible fungus chaff feed.
Further, in the step a, the distillers grains of the strong aromatic Chinese spirits, the cotton seed hulls and the bran are mixed according to the mass ratio of 6-7:1-2:1-2.
Further, the distillers' grains of strong aromatic Chinese spirit, the cotton seed hulls and the bran are mixed according to the mass ratio of 6:2:2.
Further, in the step a, the addition amount of the auxiliary materials is 1% of sucrose, 1% of gypsum powder, 1% of superphosphate, 0.04% of magnesium sulfate, 0.15% of monopotassium phosphate and 1.2% of lime based on the mass of the distillers' grains mixture.
In the step b, the sterilization temperature is 115-125 ℃ and the sterilization time is 15-30min; the culture temperature is 25-30deg.C, and the culture time is 25-30 days.
Further, the sterilization temperature was 121℃and the sterilization time was 20 minutes.
In the step b, the inoculation amount of the oyster mushroom strain is 1-4% of the mass of the vinasse mixture.
Further, the inoculation amount of the oyster mushroom strain is 3% of the mass of the vinasse mixture.
Further, in the step c, hypha, bean pulp and bran are mixed according to the mass ratio of 6-7:2-3:1; the addition amount of Aspergillus oryzae is 3% of the total wet weight of the material.
Further, the mycelium, the bean pulp and the bran are mixed according to the mass ratio of 6:3:1.
In the step c, the sterilization temperature is 115-125 ℃, the sterilization time is 15-30min, the culture temperature is 26-32 ℃, and the culture time is 36-50h.
Further, the sterilization temperature was 121℃and the sterilization time was 20 minutes.
Further, in the step c, water is supplied until the water content is 50%, and the culture is performed at 30℃for 48 hours.
Further, in the step d, the constant temperature enzymolysis temperature is 40-50 ℃, and the constant temperature enzymolysis time is 18-36h.
Further, the mixture is subjected to sealed constant-temperature enzymolysis at 45 ℃ for 24 hours and then dried.
In the step d, the drying temperature is 65-80 ℃ and the drying time is 2-5h.
Further, the drying temperature was 70℃and the drying time was 4 hours.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: according to the invention, the strong aromatic white spirit vinasse is used as a main raw material to cultivate the edible fungi, so that the edible fungi effectively use nutrient substances in the vinasse, after the bag is fully grown by hyphae, the aspergillus oryzae, the hyphae (the vinasse without fruiting), the bean pulp and the bran are subjected to first solid state fermentation (aerobic reaction), and after the first solid state fermentation, the discharged air is subjected to second enzymolysis (anaerobic reaction), so that the protein-enriched high-nutrition edible fungi residue feed is finally obtained. The mushroom bran cultivated by the method has no mushroom fruiting, so that the original nutrient substances of the vinasse are reserved to a great extent, and the protein content of the feed can be effectively improved.
The existing preparation method for cultivating edible fungi by using vinasse is to dry the vinasse in the air and then crush the vinasse for use, and in the process, drying equipment and a heat source are required to be added, so that the production cost of the edible fungi is increased; secondly, in the conventional preparation method for cultivating edible fungi with distillers' grains, auxiliary materials, such as: corn cob, bran, wheat, trace elements and the like, and the cost of the formula is increased. Compared with the prior art, the preparation method of the invention can cultivate edible fungi without extra equipment and heat source; the invention does not need to add a large amount of auxiliary materials, only takes the bean pulp and the bran into consideration in the formula except the distillers 'grains, fully utilizes the distillers' grains and improves the protein content of the fungus bran feed.
The high-nutrition edible fungus chaff feed prepared by the method has high nutritive value, low production cost and popularization value.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention can be implemented in the following way.
The preparation method of the high-nutrition edible fungus chaff feed comprises the following steps:
a. mixing the distillers 'grains of the strong aromatic Chinese spirit, the cotton seed hulls and the bran according to the mass ratio of 5-8:0-3:1-2 to obtain a distillers' grains mixture, adding auxiliary materials into the distillers 'grains mixture, and uniformly mixing again to obtain a mixed material, wherein the addition amount of the auxiliary materials is 0.5-1.5% of sucrose, 0.8-1.5% of gypsum powder, 0.6-1.2% of calcium superphosphate, 0.02-0.08% of magnesium sulfate, 0.1-0.4% of monopotassium phosphate and 1-2% of lime, based on the mass of the distillers' grains mixture;
b. sterilizing the mixture at high temperature, inoculating oyster mushroom strain, and culturing until mycelia are fully packed;
c. mixing hypha, bean pulp and bran according to the mass ratio of 5-8:1-3:0-2, supplementing water to 45-55% of water content, sterilizing, inoculating Aspergillus oryzae, and culturing until the addition amount of Aspergillus oryzae is 1-4% of the total wet weight of the materials;
d. c, filling the product obtained in the step c into a self-sealing bag, discharging air, performing enzymolysis at a constant temperature in a sealing way, and drying to obtain the high-nutrition edible fungus chaff feed.
In order to achieve better experimental effect, in the step a, it is preferable that the distillers 'grains with strong fragrance, cotton seed hulls and bran are mixed according to the mass ratio of 6-7:1-2:1-2, and the addition amount of the auxiliary materials is 1% of sucrose, 1% of gypsum powder, 1% of superphosphate, 0.04% of magnesium sulfate, 0.15% of monopotassium phosphate and 1.2% of lime based on the mass of the distillers' grains mixture; more preferably, the strong aromatic Chinese spirit vinasse, the cotton seed hulls and the wheat bran are mixed according to the mass ratio of 6:2:2.
In order to make the reaction more sufficient, in the step b, the sterilization temperature is 115-125 ℃ and the sterilization time is 15-30min; the culture temperature is 25-30deg.C, and the culture time is 25-30 days; preferably, the sterilization temperature is 121 ℃ and the sterilization time is 20min.
In the step b, the inoculation amount of the oyster mushroom strain is 1-4% of the mass of the vinasse mixture; preferably, the inoculation amount of the oyster mushroom strain is 3% of the mass of the vinasse mixture.
Preferably, in the step c, hypha, bean pulp and bran are mixed according to the mass ratio of 6-7:2-3:1; the addition amount of the aspergillus oryzae is 3% of the total wet weight of the material; more preferably, the mycelium, the soybean meal and the bran are mixed in a mass ratio of 6:3:1.
In the step c, the sterilization temperature is 115-125 ℃ and the sterilization time is 15-30min; the culture temperature is 26-32 ℃ and the culture time is 36-50h; preferably, the sterilization temperature is 121 ℃ and the sterilization time is 20min; supplementing water to water content of 50%, and culturing at 30deg.C for 48 hr.
In the step d, the constant temperature enzymolysis temperature is 40-50 ℃, and the constant temperature enzymolysis time is 18-36h. Preferably, the mixture is subjected to enzymolysis for 24 hours at a constant temperature of 45 ℃ in a sealing way and then is dried.
In the step d, the drying temperature is 65-80 ℃ and the drying time is 2-5h; preferably, the drying temperature is 70℃and the drying time is 4 hours.
The technical scheme and effect of the present invention will be further described by practical examples.
Examples
The invention provides 4 groups of examples 1-4 and comparative examples 1-2 for preparing high-nutrition fungus chaff feed by adopting the method disclosed by the invention, which specifically comprise the following steps:
a. mixing distillers ' grains, cotton seed hulls and bran according to a proportion to obtain a distillers ' grains mixture, adding auxiliary materials into the distillers ' grains mixture, and uniformly mixing again to obtain a mixed material, wherein the specific experimental parameters are shown in table 1;
table 1 step a experimental parameters
b. Inoculating oyster mushroom strains after sterilizing the mixture at high temperature, culturing the mixture until mycelia are fully packed (fruiting is not carried out) in examples 1-4 and comparative example 2, culturing the mixture until fruiting is harvested (fungus chaff after taking out the mushrooms) in comparative example 1, and specific experimental parameters are shown in table 2;
table 2 step b experimental parameters
| Sterilization temperature | Sterilization time | Seed quantity of strain | Culture temperature | Cultivation time | |
| Example 1 | 115℃ | 30min | 4％ | 25℃ | For 30 days |
| Example 2 | 121℃ | 20min | 3％ | 30℃ | 25 days |
| Example 3 | 118℃ | 25min | 2％ | 28℃ | 29 days |
| Example 4 | 125℃ | 15min | 1％ | 26℃ | For 27 days |
| Comparative example 1 | 121℃ | 20min | 3％ | 30℃ | For 28 days |
| Comparative example 2 | 121℃ | 20min | 3％ | 30℃ | 29 days |
c. Examples 1-4 and comparative example 1 hypha (fungus chaff), soybean meal and bran were mixed in a mass ratio of 5-8:1-3:0-2, and then sterilized with water, and then inoculated with Aspergillus oryzae; the mycelium (fungus chaff) of comparative example 2 was sterilized by water replenishing and then inoculated with Aspergillus oryzae; examples 1-4 and comparative examples 1-2 were each incubated at 26-32deg.C for 36-50h, with the specific experimental parameters shown in Table 3;
TABLE 3 Experimental parameters for step c
| Fungus chaff, bean pulp and bran | Inoculum size | Fermentation temperature | Fermentation moisture | Fermentation time | |
| Example 1 (fruiting hypha) | 5∶3∶2 | 4％ | 26℃ | 45％ | 42h |
| Example 2 (fruiting hyphae) | 6∶3∶1 | 3％ | 30℃ | 50％ | 48h |
| Example 3 (fruiting hyphae) | 7∶3∶0 | 1％ | 28℃ | 45％ | 50h |
| Example 4 (fruiting hyphae) | 8∶1∶1 | 2％ | 32℃ | 55％ | 36h |
| Comparative example 1 (mushroom residue after fruiting) | 6∶3∶1 | 3％ | 30℃ | 50％ | 48h |
| Comparative example 2 (mycelium of fruiting) | 10∶0∶0 | 3％ | 30℃ | 50％ | 48h |
d. C, filling the product obtained in the step c into a self-sealing bag, discharging air, performing enzymolysis at 45 ℃ in a sealed constant temperature for 24 hours, then drying at 70 ℃ for 4 hours, drying in examples 1-4 to obtain high-nutrition edible fungus chaff feed, and drying in comparative examples 1-2 to obtain the fungus chaff feed.
The high-nutrition edible fungus chaff feed obtained in examples 1 to 4 was tested, and the chaff feed prepared in comparative examples 1 to 2 was tested, and the results are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 detection results
As can be seen from Table 4, the protein content of the feed prepared by using mushroom bran after fruiting in comparative example 1 and the protein content of the feed prepared by using mycelium without fruiting and without adding soybean meal during secondary enzymolysis in comparative example 2 are obviously lower than that of the high-nutrition edible mushroom bran feed prepared by the method. The feed prepared by the preparation method of the high-nutrition edible fungus chaff feed provided by the invention has the advantages of high nutritive value, high protein content and popularization value.
Claims (8)
1. The preparation method of the high-nutrition edible fungus chaff feed is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. mixing the distillers 'grains of the strong aromatic Chinese spirit, the cotton seed hulls and the bran according to the mass ratio of 5-8:0-3:1-2 to obtain a distillers' grains mixture, adding auxiliary materials into the distillers 'grains mixture, and uniformly mixing again to obtain a mixed material, wherein the addition amount of the auxiliary materials is 1% of sucrose, 1% of gypsum powder, 1% of calcium superphosphate, 0.04% of magnesium sulfate, 0.15% of monopotassium phosphate and 1.2% of lime based on the mass of the distillers' grains mixture;
b. sterilizing the mixture at high temperature, inoculating oyster mushroom strain, and culturing until mycelia are fully packed;
c. mixing hypha, soybean meal and bran according to the mass ratio of 5-8:1-3:0-2, supplementing water to 45-55% of water content, sterilizing, inoculating Aspergillus oryzae, culturing at 26-32deg.C for 36-50h, wherein the addition amount of Aspergillus oryzae is 1-4% of total wet weight of the materials;
d. c, filling the product obtained in the step c into a self-sealing bag, discharging air, performing enzymolysis at a constant temperature of 40-50 ℃ in a sealing manner for 18-36 hours, and drying to obtain the high-nutrition edible fungus chaff feed.
2. The method for preparing the high-nutrition edible fungus chaff feed according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step a, the distillers' grains of the strong aromatic Chinese spirit, the cotton seed hulls and the bran are mixed according to the mass ratio of 6-7:1-2:1-2.
3. The method for preparing the high-nutrition edible fungus chaff feed according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step b, the sterilization temperature is 115-125 ℃ and the sterilization time is 15-30min; the culture temperature is 25-30deg.C, and the culture time is 25-30 days.
4. The method for preparing the high-nutrition edible fungus chaff feed according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step b, the inoculation amount of the oyster mushroom strain is 1-4% of the mass of the vinasse mixture.
5. The method for preparing the high-nutrition edible fungus chaff feed according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step c, hypha, bean pulp and bran are mixed according to the mass ratio of 6-7:2-3:1; the addition amount of Aspergillus oryzae is 3% of the total wet weight of the material.
6. The method for preparing the high-nutrition edible fungus chaff feed according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step c, the sterilization temperature is 115-125 ℃ and the sterilization time is 15-30min.
7. The method for preparing the high-nutrition edible fungus chaff feed according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in step c, water is added until the water content is 50%.
8. The method for preparing the high-nutrition edible fungus chaff feed according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step d, the drying temperature is 65-80 ℃ and the drying time is 2-5h.
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