CN114402952B - Light machine-transplanted rice seedling raising matrix rich in biocontrol bacteria and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Light machine-transplanted rice seedling raising matrix rich in biocontrol bacteria and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a light machine-transplanted rice seedling raising matrix rich in biocontrol bacteria and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of rice seedling raising matrixes. The rice seedling raising matrix consists of a class A component and a class B component, wherein the class A component comprises the following raw materials in parts by volume: 40-60 parts of composite ferment, 20-25 parts of coconut husk, 5-10 parts of sawdust, 5-10 parts of cinder and 5-10 parts of vermiculite; the B-type component comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 2-4 parts of composite additive and 45-55 parts of nitro humic acid; the rice seedling raising matrix is prepared by mixing the A-type component and 45-60 kg B-type component in each cubic meter. The rice seedling raising matrix has the advantages of wide sources of raw materials, good air permeability, loose and soft texture, strong water and fertilizer retention capability, high seedling raising germination rate, developed seedling root system, strong coiling force, light seedling blanket weight, low seedling transplanting and leakage rate, strong early-growing and quick-growing capability after seedling transplanting, and capability of supplementing organic matters for rice fields and improving microenvironment of root areas of rice plants.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a light machine-transplanted rice seedling raising matrix rich in biocontrol bacteria and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of rice seedling raising matrixes.
Background
With rapid development of technology, the mechanized rice transplanting technology has been rapidly promoted nationwide, and plays a key role in guaranteeing grain safety. The technology firstly needs to cultivate qualified blanket-shaped seedlings, and then utilizes a transplanter to orderly transplant the seedlings into a field. The nutrient soil is large in demand and unstable in quality in the mechanical transplanting rice seedling raising process, and the large-scale centralized seedling raising risk is high; seedling raising has become the weakest link in mechanized rice transplanting production, and becomes the bottleneck of high-quality development of mechanized rice transplanting technology. At present, the cultivated soil on the surface layer of the farmland is excavated in a large area to prepare seedling raising nutrient soil in the machine transplanting production, and the soil on the cultivated layer of the farmland per mu can only meet the nutrient soil required by the machine transplanting of 1000-1500 mu, so that the problems of long soil taking, difficult soil taking, no soil taking and the like are outstanding. Meanwhile, the nutrient soil has the problems of unbalanced nutrition, incomplete acid regulation, incomplete disinfection and the like in the preparation process, so that phenomena such as rotten seeds, dead buds, dead seedlings and the like frequently occur in the seedling raising process, and the large-scale seedling raising risk is increased. In the prior art, in order to reduce the amount of soil in a cultivated layer, and improve the quality of seedlings, turf, rock wool, chaff and the like are generally adopted as matrix materials, and the matrix for raising seedlings is prepared by adding components such as bactericides, plant growth regulators, mineral nutrition and the like so as to improve the growth environment of the seedlings and improve the quality of the seedlings and the quality of mechanical transplanting. The regeneration period of turf is long, and the country has limited harvest, resulting in annual decline in productivity of such substrates. In addition, some patents disclose that rice hulls, rice straw, wheat straw, corn straw, rape straw, bagasse, chinese medicine residues, water hyacinth and the like are used as a mixed fermentation product of one or more than two of the above materials in any proportion, and organic matter nutrients, organic nitrogen fertilizer, non-chemical phosphate fertilizer, non-chemical potash fertilizer, growth regulator and bactericide are added to prepare a seedling raising matrix, so that the seedling raising matrix is pollution-free, nontoxic, environment-friendly and sustainable. However, main raw materials such as rice hulls, straws, dregs and the like in the seedling raising matrix process are difficult to search and store, high in production cost and high in processing difficulty, and the light raw materials are uniformly mixed and difficult, so that the industrial production difficulty is increased, and finally the seedling raising stability is poor. With the rapid development of social services of agricultural machinery of mechanical transplanting, the main body of various operations puts forward higher demands on the seedling raising scale and seedling raising quality for the purpose of enlarging business, and a seedling raising substrate which has more stable raw material sources, more stable quality, lower industrialized production cost and can realize green sustainable development of agriculture is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a light machine-transplanted rice seedling raising matrix rich in biocontrol bacteria and a preparation method thereof.
The aim of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the light machine-transplanted rice seedling raising matrix rich in biocontrol bacteria consists of a class A component and a class B component, wherein the class A component comprises the following raw materials in parts by volume: 40-60 parts of composite ferment, 20-25 parts of coconut husk, 5-10 parts of sawdust, 5-10 parts of cinder and 5-10 parts of vermiculite, wherein the composite ferment is obtained by mixing and fermenting green manure crops, harmless waste in the planting industry, sheep manure and silkworm manure. The B-type component comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 2-4 parts of composite additive and 45-55 parts of nitro humic acid, and the seedling raising matrix is prepared by mixing the A component and the B component of 45-60 kg per cubic meter.
Further, the seedling raising substrate also comprises at least one of ferrous sulfate, ammonium sulfate or citric acid, and after the A component and the B component are uniformly mixed, one or more of ferrous sulfate, ammonium sulfate or citric acid is added to adjust the pH value of the seedling raising substrate to 5.5-6.8.
Further, the green manure crop comprises one or more of rue, bos clover, thatch, amorpha fruticosa and ryegrass.
Further, the harmless waste in the planting industry comprises, by mass, 20-35 parts of fruit tree branches and leaves, 20-35 parts of ligusticum wallichii stems and leaves, 15-30 parts of honeysuckle stems and leaves, 10-20 parts of white sweet potato stems and leaves and 15-30 parts of rhizoma alismatis stems and leaves.
Further, the preparation method of the composite fermentation product comprises the following steps: crushing green manure crops and innocuous wastes in the planting industry, mixing according to the mass ratio of (0.4-0.6): 1 to prepare a mixed material, adding sheep manure and silkworm manure into the mixed material, uniformly mixing to prepare a composite material, wherein the volume ratio of the added sheep manure, silkworm manure and the mixed material is (0.2-0.5): 0.1-0.3): 4-5. Adding fermentation strains into the composite material, and uniformly mixing the two materials to obtain a mixed material to be fermented; and (3) regulating the water content of the mixed material to be fermented to 40-50%, carrying out stacking fermentation, carrying out primary stacking turning when the temperature of the material stack is raised to 40 ℃, carrying out conventional stacking turning once when the temperature of the material stack is raised to 60 ℃ after that, until the material is fully decomposed, crushing and sieving by a 6mm sieve, and thus obtaining the composite fermentation product.
Further, the fermentation strain is obtained by mixing a fermentation inoculant and sawdust according to the mass ratio of (0.5-1): 10.
Further, the sawdust is one or more of pine sawdust, birch sawdust or fir sawdust.
Further, the composite additive comprises a plant growth regulator, trichoderma harzianum powder, paecilomyces lilacinus powder, mineral nutrients, white arrowroot powder, corncob powder and red sugar powder.
Furthermore, the cinder is harmless waste residue discharged by fire coal of a thermal power plant, an industrial boiler and a civil boiler and other equipment.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the light machine-transplanted rice seedling raising matrix rich in biocontrol bacteria, which comprises the following steps: sterilizing the composite ferment at the steam pressure of 104-137 kpa and the temperature of 121-126 ℃ for 30-35 min, cooling to room temperature, adding coconut coir, sawdust, coal slag and vermiculite according to a certain proportion, uniformly mixing, crushing and sieving with a 6mm sieve to obtain the A-class component. Mixing Trichoderma harzianum powder, paecilomyces lilacinus powder, bai Jinyu powder, corn cob powder and brown sugar powder in the mass ratio of 1:1 (5-10) (4-7) (0.5-1), granulating with a wet method, and adding plant growth regulator and mineral nutrient substances in proportion, and mixing uniformly to obtain the composite additive. Uniformly mixing the composite additive and the nitro humic acid powder according to a proportion to prepare a B-class component; adding the component B into the component A, uniformly stirring, placing the mixture in a light-shielding and rain-shielding environment with the temperature of 15-30 ℃ and the humidity of 75-85% for culturing for 5-7 days, and then sieving the mixture with a 6mm sieve to obtain the rice seedling raising matrix.
Further, after the B-class component is added into the A-class component and evenly mixed, one or more of ferrous sulfate, ammonium sulfate or citric acid is added into the B-class component to adjust the pH value to 5.5-6.8.
Further, the preparation method of the composite fermentation product comprises the following steps: mixing green manure crops and innocuous wastes of the planting industry according to the mass ratio of (0.4-0.6): 1 to prepare a mixed material, adding sheep manure and silkworm manure into the mixed material, uniformly mixing to prepare a composite material, wherein the volume ratio of the added sheep manure, silkworm manure and the mixed material is (0.2-0.5): 0.1-0.3): 4-5; adding fermentation strain into the composite material, and uniformly mixing the two materials to obtain the mixed material to be fermented. And (3) regulating the water content of the mixed material to be fermented to 40-50%, piling up the mixed material to be fermented to a material pile with the width of 1.5-3 m and the height of 1.2-1.8 m, fermenting, turning up the pile for the first time when the temperature of the material pile is increased to 40 ℃, turning up the pile for the first time when the temperature of the material pile is increased to 60 ℃ every time, performing conventional turning up until the material is thoroughly decomposed, crushing and sieving by a 6mm sieve, and obtaining the composite fermentation product.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1) According to the invention, coconut coir, sawdust, coal cinder and vermiculite are used as a filling carrier, and are mixed with the composite ferment rich in nutritional ingredients, so that the composite ferment is uniformly dispersed in the carrier, and the A-type component with good air permeability, water retention and structural property is formed, so that the main body part of the matrix is constructed. The nitro humic acid and the composite additive are added into the A-class component as the B-class component, so that the nitro humic acid and the composite additive are uniformly distributed in the A-class component, the nutrition supply and the growth regulation effect of the matrix on seedlings are enhanced, and the seedling raising matrix with balanced nutrition, good air permeability, proper pH value, water retention and fertilizer retention is obtained through mixing the A-class component and the B-class component.
2) The composite ferment is obtained by mixing and fermenting green manure crops and harmless wastes (including fruit tree branches and leaves, hemlock parsley stems and leaves, honeysuckle stems and leaves, white golden taro and oriental waterplantain stems and leaves) in the planting industry with sheep manure and silkworm manure, and the contents of cellulose, lignin, mineral elements and the like in materials to be fermented can be balanced by mixing the green manure crops, the fruit tree branches and leaves, the hemlock parsley stems and leaves, the honeysuckle stems and leaves, the white golden taro and the oriental waterplantain stems and leaves in proportion, the fermentation time is shortened, and the degradation of the fruit tree branches and leaves by strains is promoted by utilizing fermentation products of the green manure crops, so that the viscosity and the loosening degree of the composite ferment are reasonably controlled, and the composite ferment with a silk screen shape inside is formed. The composite ferment is mixed with the carrier material, and the structural characteristics of vermiculite in the carrier material and the pore ratio of the coconut husk particles to the coal cinder are utilized to ensure that the mixed A-class component has a similar laminated stable structure, thereby being beneficial to improving the dispersion uniformity of the A-class component. Meanwhile, by adding the sheep manure and the silkworm manure, the nutrient components in the composite fermentation product are enriched, the fermentation of organic materials is promoted, the contents of bioactive substances and organic matters in the composite fermentation product are improved, a large amount of organic matters can be supplemented for rice fields while transplanting rice seedlings, and the microenvironment of the root zone of rice plants is improved.
3) Pine, birch or fir sawdust is also adopted in the carrier component of the A-type component, and when the A-type component and the B-type component are mixed, the grease component contained in the sawdust is compounded with the organic acid in the nitro humic acid, so that the distribution of pores in a lamellar structure formed in a matrix main body along the depth direction is regulated, the extension of root systems of the seedlings along the depth direction of the matrix is promoted, seedlings with developed root systems and better packing capacity are cultivated, and the carpet quality of the seedlings is improved.
4) The trichoderma harzianum and the paecilomyces lilacinus are added, the trichoderma harzianum forms a protective cover on the surface of the seedling root system under the acidic condition to prevent the root system from being infected by pathogenic bacteria, enzyme and antibiotics can be secreted to prevent the pathogenic fungi from being damaged, and compounds for stimulating the growth of the seedlings and inducing the defense reaction of the seedlings can be produced, so that the microenvironment of the root system is improved, and the growth vigor and disease resistance of the seedlings are enhanced. The paecilomyces lilacinus can obviously inhibit nematodes from infecting root systems, and produce indoleacetic acid-like products to promote germination of seeds and growth of seedlings.
5) The preparation method of the rice seedling raising matrix is simple, the stacking fermentation time is short, a good mixing effect is achieved through simple mechanical crushing, stirring and sieving, the requirements on equipment required by industrial production are lower, the energy consumption in the preparation process is lower, the physicochemical properties of the prepared rice seedling raising matrix are more stable, and the requirements of gradually developing agriculture to green are met.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to examples, and it is apparent that the described examples are only some of the examples of the present invention, but not all of the examples. All other embodiments, which can be made by a person skilled in the art without any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the present invention, based on the embodiments of the present invention.
The invention provides a technical scheme that: a light machine-transplanted rice seedling raising matrix rich in biocontrol bacteria consists of a class A component and a class B component, wherein the class A component comprises the following raw materials in parts by volume: 40-60 parts of composite ferment, 20-25 parts of coconut husk, 5-10 parts of sawdust, 5-10 parts of cinder and 5-10 parts of vermiculite, wherein the composite ferment is obtained by uniformly mixing and fermenting green manure crops, harmless waste in the planting industry, sheep manure and silkworm manure, crushing and sieving by a 6mm sieve. The green manure crop may be one or more of Trifolium pratense, lemongrass, amorpha fruticosa and Lolium perenne. The harmless waste in the planting industry comprises, by mass, 20-35 parts of fruit tree branches and leaves, 20-35 parts of ligusticum wallichii stems and leaves, 15-30 parts of honeysuckle stems and leaves, 10-20 parts of white sweet potato stems and leaves and 15-30 parts of rhizoma alismatis stems and leaves. The fruit tree branches and leaves can be one or more of citrus tree branches and leaves, plum tree branches and leaves, longan tree branches and leaves, peach tree branches and leaves and mulberry branches and leaves. The stem and leaf of Ligusticum wallichii, the stem and leaf of honeysuckle, the stem and leaf of rhizoma bletillae and the stem and leaf of Alisma orientale are all plant parts remained after fruit harvesting. The sawdust is one or more of pine sawdust, birch sawdust or fir sawdust. The cinder is harmless waste residue produced by burning coal in thermal power plant, industrial and civil boilers and other equipment, and is crushed and sieved by a 3mm round hole sieve. The coconut husk and the vermiculite are both directly purchased commercial materials, the coconut husk is a product with the particle size not more than 3mm, and the vermiculite is a product with the particle size of 1-3 mm.
The B-type component comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 2-4 parts of composite additive and 45-55 parts of nitro humic acid powder, wherein the composite additive comprises plant growth regulator, trichoderma harzianum powder, paecilomyces lilacinus powder, mineral nutrient substances, white golden yam powder, corncob powder and red sugar powder, contains the nutrition components of complete fertilizer, has balanced nutrition and pathogenic bacteria prevention and control effects, and can be automatically configured or directly used for preparing the rice seedling raising matrix by adopting a commercially available seedling strengthening agent. The composite additives used in the following examples were formulated in the following proportions: 15 parts of ammonium sulfate, 10 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 5 parts of potassium sulfate, 1 part of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 0.2 part of ferrous sulfate, 0.04 part of 5% uniconazole wettable powder, 0.02 part of ZTP rooting powder, 0.08 part of brassinolide, 0.005 part of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, 0.005 part of sodium nitrophenolate, 1 part of trichoderma harzianum powder, 1 part of paecilomyces lilacinus powder, 8 parts of Bai Jinyu powder, 6 parts of corncob powder, 0.7 part of red sugar powder and 12 parts of fine soil.
The seedling raising matrix is obtained by mixing the A-type component and the B-type component of 45-60 kg per cubic meter.
The seedling raising substrate also comprises at least one of ferrous sulfate, ammonium sulfate or citric acid for adjusting the pH value of the mixture, and after the A component and the B component are mixed, one or more of ferrous sulfate, ammonium sulfate or citric acid is added to adjust the pH value of the seedling raising substrate to 5.5-6.8 so as to be suitable for the growth of rice seedlings.
The preparation method of the composite ferment in the A-type component comprises the following steps: crushing green manure crops and innocuous wastes in the planting industry into materials with the mass ratio of (0.4-0.6): 1, mixing the materials, crushing the materials to prepare a mixed material, adding sheep manure and silkworm manure into the mixed material, uniformly mixing the materials to prepare a composite material, wherein the volume ratio of the added sheep manure, silkworm manure and the mixed material is (0.2-0.5): 0.1-0.3): 4-5. Mixing the fermentation inoculant with sawdust according to the mass ratio of (0.5-1) 10 to obtain fermentation strains, adding the fermentation strains into the composite material, and uniformly mixing the fermentation strains and the sawdust to obtain the mixed material to be fermented. The water content of the mixed material to be fermented is regulated to 40-50%, i.e. the mixed material is clenched by hand force, the finger gaps are provided with watermarks, the water is not dripped, the mixed material is loose, and then the mixed material is piled into long piles with the width of 1.5-3 m and the height of 1.2-1.8 m, and aerobic fermentation is carried out. When the temperature of the material pile is raised to 40 ℃, turning the pile for the first time, and after that, when the temperature of the material pile is raised to 60 ℃, turning the pile for the first time, turning the pile for 4-6 times, and then, completely decomposing the material, crushing and sieving by a 6mm sieve to obtain the composite fermentation product.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the light machine-transplanted rice seedling raising matrix rich in biocontrol bacteria, which comprises the following steps: placing the composite ferment into steam pressure of 104-137 kpa, sterilizing at high temperature of 121-126 ℃ under high pressure for 30-35 min, cooling to room temperature, and uniformly mixing with coconut coir, sawdust, coal slag and vermiculite according to a proportion to obtain a class A component; uniformly mixing trichoderma harzianum powder, paecilomyces lilacinus powder, bai Jinyu powder, corncob powder and brown sugar powder according to the mass ratio of 1:1 (5-10) (4-7) (0.5-1), granulating by a wet method, wherein the particle size is 0.2-0.3 mm, and then adding a plant growth regulator and mineral nutrient substances to uniformly mix to obtain a composite additive; uniformly mixing the composite additive and the nitro humic acid powder according to a proportion to prepare a B-class component; and (3) adding the B-class component into the A-class component according to a proportion, uniformly mixing, adding one or more of ferrous sulfate, ammonium sulfate or citric acid, regulating the pH value to 5.5-6.8, uniformly stirring, placing in a light-shielding and rain-shielding environment with the temperature of 15-30 ℃ and the humidity of 75-85%, culturing for 5-7 days, and sieving with a 6mm sieve to obtain the rice seedling raising matrix.
Example 1
The present example provides a composite ferment, the preparation of which comprises the following steps: weighing 1t of Jiangzhengqi, 1t of amorpha fruticosa, 0.3t of citrus tree branches, 0.3t of plum branches, 0.4t of mulberry branches and leaves, 1.25t of Ligusticum wallichii stems and leaves, 0.75t of honeysuckle stems and leaves, 0.75t of white golden taro stems and leaves and 1.5t of Alisma orientalis, crushing the weighed materials into materials smaller than 6mm, and mixing the materials to prepare a mixed material. And weighing sheep manure according to the volume ratio of 0.5:0.2:4.5 of the sheep manure to the mixed material, mixing the sheep manure and the silkworm manure into the mixed material, and uniformly mixing to obtain the composite material. Mixing 0.8kg of fermentation bacteria agent with 12kg of sawdust to obtain fermentation bacteria, wherein the fermentation bacteria agent adopted in the embodiment is a commercial organic material decomposing agent, scattering the fermentation bacteria agent into the mixed material, and turning over the mixed material while scattering, so that the fermentation bacteria agent and the mixed material are uniformly mixed to form the mixed material to be fermented. The water content of the mixed material to be fermented is regulated to 40-50%, the mixed material to be fermented is piled into a long pile with the width of 2m and the height of 1.8m for aerobic fermentation by taking the force of hands to form clusters, and the watermark is arranged in the finger gaps, but the water does not drip, and the degree of loosening the hands is the standard. When the temperature of the material pile is increased to above 40 ℃, turning the pile for the first time, and after that, when the temperature of the material pile is increased to above 60 ℃, turning the pile for one time conventionally, fermenting for 25 days, and then, completely decomposing the material, crushing and sieving by a 6mm sieve to obtain the composite fermentation product.
Example two
The difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is mainly that: the mixture of this example was obtained by mixing and pulverizing 1t of fresh rue, 1t of thatch, 1t of ryegrass, 1t of longan tree branches, 0.75t of peach branches, 1t of chuanxiong rhizome stems and leaves, 1.5t of honeysuckle stems and leaves, 1t of white taro stems and leaves, and 0.75t of alisma rhizome stems and leaves, and the composite was obtained by mixing sheep manure, silkworm manure, and the composite in a volume ratio of 0.3:0.3:4. The fermentation broth of this example was obtained by mixing 1kg of a starter with 10kg of sawdust.
Example III
The difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is mainly that: the mixed material of the embodiment is obtained by mixing and crushing 2.5t of Boss clover, 0.5t of longan tree branches, 0.5t of citrus tree branches, 0.5t of peach branches, 1.25t of Ligusticum wallichii stems and leaves, 1t of honeysuckle stems and leaves, 1.2t of white golden taro stems and leaves and 1.25t of rhizoma alismatis stems and leaves, and the composite material is obtained by mixing sheep manure, silkworm manure and the composite material in a volume ratio of 0.2:0.1:5. The fermentation broth of this example was obtained by mixing 0.5kg of starter with 10kg of sawdust.
Example IV
The embodiment provides a light machine-transplanted rice seedling raising matrix rich in biocontrol bacteria, which comprises the following steps: measuring 0.8m 3 Composite ferment, 0.4m 3 Coconut husk, 0.1m 3 Pine sawdust, 0.1m 3 Cinder and 0.1. 0.1m 3 And (5) uniformly stirring vermiculite to obtain the class A component. The composite ferment of this example employed the product prepared in example one. Mixing the compound additive and nitro humic acid according to the mass ratio of 2:45, adding 47.5kg of B component into each cubic meter of A component, adding ferrous sulfate and ammonium sulfate, regulating the pH value of the mixture to 6.05, uniformly stirring, culturing in a shading and rain-shielding environment with the temperature of 20 ℃ and the humidity of 80%, sieving with a 6mm sieve, and obtaining the rice seedling raising matrix, wherein the water content of the matrix is kept at 30-40%.
Example five
The difference between this embodiment and the fourth embodiment is mainly that: the A-class component of this example consists of 1.2m 3 Composite ferment, 0.5m 3 Coconut husk, 0.2m 3 Saw dust (50% of pine sawdust and fir sawdust respectively) and 0.2m 3 Coal cinder and 0.2m 3 And (5) stirring and uniformly mixing vermiculite. The B-class component is obtained by mixing a composite additive and nitro humic acid according to the mass ratio of 4:55, 58.5kg of the B-class component is added into each cubic meter of the A-class component, and then ferrous sulfate, ammonium sulfate and citric acid are added to adjust the pH value of the mixture to 5.99.
Example six
The difference between this embodiment and the fourth embodiment is mainly that: the A-class component of this example consists of 1.5m 3 Composite ferment, 0.6m 3 Coconut husk, 0.15m 3 Pine sawdust and birch sawdust, 0.15m 3 Perlite and 0.15m 3 Vermiculite of (2)Stirring and mixing uniformly to obtain the product. The B-class component is obtained by mixing a composite additive and nitro humic acid according to the mass ratio of 3:50, and 53kg of B-class component is added into each cubic meter of A-class component.
Example seven
The difference between this embodiment and the fourth embodiment is mainly that: the A-class component of this example consists of 0.9m 3 Composite ferment, 0.45m 3 Coconut husk, 0.1m 3 Fir sawdust and birch sawdust, 0.1m 3 Perlite and 0.1m 3 And (5) stirring and uniformly mixing vermiculite. The B-class component is obtained by mixing a composite additive and nitro humic acid according to the mass ratio of 2.5:50, 52.5kg of the B-class component is added into each cubic meter of the A-class component, and then ferrous sulfate, ammonium sulfate and citric acid are added into the B-class component to adjust the pH value of the mixture to 5.82.
Nutrient soil for farmers
Crushing the plough layer soil, sieving with a 6mm sieve, and sieving with a sieve of 1m 3 3kg seedling strengthening agent (produced by Heilongjiang Jiusheng biotechnology Co., ltd.) is uniformly mixed into the soil particles of the plough layer to prepare the farmer nutrient soil.
Matrix detection
Taking the rice seedling raising matrixes prepared in the fourth to sixth embodiments as an experimental group, taking the nutrient soil of farmers as a control group, and detecting and counting the volume weight, the porosity and the physical and chemical characteristics of the matrixes of the experimental group and the control group; in the rice seedling raising season in the middle rice area of Sichuan, the rice seedling raising experiment is carried out on the experimental group and the control group, the same-batch and same-quality rice seeds (Sichuan Kang You 2115) are respectively sown in the experimental group and the control group, the sowing quantity and the sowing mode of each experimental group or control group are the same, the field management is consistent, and the 30 d-th investigation and statistics of the related data such as the matrix seedling raising germination rate, seedling quality, root system coiling force, bacterial wilt, damping-off, root knot nematode and the like after sowing are carried out. Meanwhile, the germination rate of the reference seeds is detected according to the specification of GB/T3543. The results are shown in tables 1-4.
As can be seen from tables 1 to 4, the rice seedling raising matrix of the invention has the advantages of low volume weight, good air permeability, strong water retention capacity, balanced nutrition, shorter blanket transplanting time, high seedling raising germination rate and higher seedling quality. Seedling raising experiments show that: compared with a control group, the germination rate of the substrate seedling raising of the embodiment of the invention is improved by 5.9-7.6%. Seedling emergence is carried out 2.3-2.8 days after the substrate is sowed, the seedling can be easily rolled up in 29.8-30.8 days, the seedling is neat and strong, the root system is developed, and the seedling emergence meets the requirement of mechanical transplanting completely; the seedlings emerge in the 3.3 th day after the seeding of the control group, the seedlings can be rolled up barely in the 35.8 th day, and the seedlings are thin and barely meet the requirements of mechanical transplanting.
TABLE 1 volume weight and porosity
| Group of | Bulk density (g/cm) 3 ) | Total porosity (%) | Ventilation porosity (%) | Porosity in water (%) |
| Control group | 1.35 | 54.1 | 7.9 | 46.2 |
| Example IV | 0.55 | 68.7 | 11.6 | 57.1 |
| Example five | 0.58 | 67.8 | 11.3 | 56.5 |
| Example six | 0.63 | 67.5 | 11.2 | 56.3 |
| Example seven | 0.69 | 66.5 | 11.1 | 55.4 |
Table 2 physicochemical characteristics
| Index name | Control group | Example IV | Example five | Example six | Example seven |
| Organic matter (g/kg) | 30.2 | 65.3 | 63.1 | 59.3 | 55.7 |
| pH value of | 5.66 | 6.05 | 5.99 | 6.05 | 5.82 |
| EC(ms/cm) | 0.22 | 0.42 | 0.41 | 0.35 | 0.32 |
| Total nitrogen content (g/kg) | 1.1 | 3.7 | 3.5 | 3.1 | 2.6 |
| Total phosphorus content (g/kg) | 0.3 | 2.5 | 2.1 | 1.9 | 1.5 |
| Total potassium content (g/kg) | 11.2 | 21.37 | 20.3 | 19.1 | 17.4 |
| Alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen (mg/kg) | 63.5 | 237.2 | 203.1 | 166.2 | 185.1 |
| Quick-acting phosphorus (mg/kg) | 24.9 | 101.4 | 128.5 | 156.3 | 133.4 |
| Quick-acting potassium (mg/kg) | 127.2 | 312.7 | 282.3 | 301.4 | 298.6 |
TABLE 3 emergence time, carpet characteristics and sprout cultivation rate
Remarks: the germination rate of the test seeds was measured to be 90.3% according to the specification of GB/T3543.
Table 4 seedling quality 30d
| Detection item | Control group | Example IV | Example five | Example six | Example seven |
| Height of plant (cm) | 18.6 | 16.5 | 16.7 | 16.9 | 17.2 |
| Stem base width (mm) | 1.8 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.1 |
| Ground dry weight (kg/plant) | 13.4 | 16.7 | 16.5 | 16.3 | 16.0 |
| Underground dry weight (kg/plant) | 6.8 | 8.9 | 9.4 | 9.1 | 8.9 |
| Root system coiling force (kg) | 3.1 | 3.6 | 3.5 | 3.7 | 3.6 |
| Root-to-crown ratio | 0.51 | 0.53 | 0.57 | 0.56 | 0.56 |
As can be seen from table 5, the matrix seedling raising rate of the embodiments of the present invention is less than 2.5%, the bacterial wilt rate is less than 3.5%, and the root-knot nematode infection rate is less than 1% relative to the control group; wherein the relative prevention effect of the damping-off is more than 85 percent, the relative prevention effect of the bacterial wilt is more than 80 percent, and the relative prevention effect of the root-knot nematode is more than 92 percent.
TABLE 5 damping off, bacterial wilt and root knot nematode disease
Note that: incidence (%) = number of onset/total number of investigation×100, infection (%) = number of infection/total number of investigation×100, relative control (%) = (control group-treated group)/control group×100. In conclusion, the mechanical transplanting rice seedling raising matrix has low volume weight, higher seedling raising germination rate, lower incidence rate of seedling damping-off, bacterial wilt and root knot nematode, more developed seedling root system, better root system coiling force of seedlings, shorter seedling blanket transplanting time and higher seedling quality.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention, and it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the form disclosed herein but is not to be construed as excluding other embodiments, but is capable of numerous other combinations, modifications and environments and is capable of modifications within the scope of the inventive concept, either as taught or as a matter of routine skill or knowledge in the relevant art. And that modifications and variations which do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention are intended to be within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A light machine transplanting rice seedling raising matrix rich in biocontrol bacteria is characterized in that: the composite material comprises a class A component and a class B component, wherein the class A component comprises the following raw materials in parts by volume: 40-60 parts of composite ferment, 20-25 parts of coconut husk, 5-10 parts of sawdust, 5-10 parts of cinder and 5-10 parts of vermiculite, wherein the composite ferment is obtained by mixing and fermenting green manure crops, harmless waste in the planting industry, sheep manure and silkworm manure; the B-type component comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 2-4 parts of composite additive and 45-55 parts of nitro humic acid, wherein the seedling raising matrix is prepared by mixing a class A component and a class B component of 45-60 kg per cubic meter; the green manure crop comprises one or more of pennywort, bostrichia pastoris, fescue, amorpha fruticosa and ryegrass; the harmless waste in the planting industry comprises, by mass, 20-35 parts of fruit tree branches and leaves, 20-35 parts of ligusticum wallichii stems and leaves, 15-30 parts of honeysuckle stems and leaves, 10-20 parts of white sweet potato stems and leaves and 15-30 parts of rhizoma alismatis stems and leaves; the sawdust is one or more of pine sawdust, birch sawdust or fir sawdust; the composite additive comprises a plant growth regulator, trichoderma harzianum powder, paecilomyces lilacinus powder, mineral nutrient substances, white sweet potato powder, corncob powder and red sugar powder.
2. The biocontrol bacteria-rich light machine-transplanted rice seedling raising substrate as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the seedling raising substrate also comprises at least one of ferrous sulfate, ammonium sulfate or citric acid, and after the A-type component and the B-type component are mixed, one or more of ferrous sulfate, ammonium sulfate or citric acid is added to adjust the pH value of the seedling raising substrate to 5.5-6.8.
3. The biocontrol bacteria-rich light machine-transplanted rice seedling raising substrate as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the preparation method of the composite fermentation product comprises the following steps: crushing green manure crops and innocuous wastes in the planting industry, mixing according to the mass ratio of (0.4-0.6): 1 to prepare a mixed material, adding sheep manure and silkworm manure into the mixed material, uniformly mixing to prepare a composite material, wherein the volume ratio of the added sheep manure, silkworm manure and the mixed material is (0.2-0.5): 0.1-0.3): 4-5; adding fermentation strains into the composite material, and uniformly mixing the two materials to obtain a mixed material to be fermented; and (3) regulating the water content of the mixed material to be fermented to 40-50%, carrying out stacking fermentation, carrying out primary stacking turning when the temperature of the material stack is raised to 40 ℃, carrying out conventional stacking turning once when the temperature of the material stack is raised to 60 ℃ after that, until the material is fully decomposed, crushing and sieving by a 6mm sieve, and thus obtaining the composite fermentation product.
4. A biocontrol bacteria-rich light machine-transplanted rice seedling raising substrate as set forth in claim 3 wherein: the fermentation strain is obtained by mixing a fermentation inoculant and sawdust according to the mass ratio of (0.5-1): 10.
5. A method for preparing the light machine transplanted rice seedling raising substrate rich in biocontrol bacteria according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps: sterilizing the composite fermentation product for 30-35 min under the vapor pressure of 104-137 kpa and the temperature of 121-126 ℃, cooling to room temperature, adding coconut coir, sawdust, coal slag and vermiculite according to a certain proportion, uniformly mixing, crushing and sieving with a 6mm sieve to obtain a class A component; uniformly mixing trichoderma harzianum powder, paecilomyces lilacinus powder, bai Jinyu powder, corncob powder and brown sugar powder according to the mass ratio of 1:1 (5-10) (4-7) (0.5-1), granulating by a wet method, wherein the particle size is 0.2-0.3 mm, and then adding a plant growth regulator and mineral nutrient substances to uniformly mix to obtain a composite additive; uniformly mixing the composite additive and the nitro humic acid powder according to a proportion to prepare a B-class component; and (3) adding the component B into the component A according to a proportion, stirring and uniformly mixing, placing the mixture in a shading and rain-shielding environment with the temperature of 15-30 ℃ and the humidity of 75-85% for culturing for 5-7 days, and sieving the mixture with a 6mm sieve to obtain the rice seedling raising matrix.
6. The method for preparing the biocontrol bacteria-rich light machine-transplanted rice seedling raising substrate as set forth in claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: adding the B-class component into the A-class component, uniformly mixing, and then adding one or more of ferrous sulfate, ammonium sulfate or citric acid to adjust the pH value to 5.5-6.8.
7. The method for preparing the biocontrol bacteria-rich light machine-transplanted rice seedling raising substrate as set forth in claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the preparation method of the composite fermentation product comprises the following steps: mixing green manure crops and innocuous wastes of the planting industry according to the mass ratio of (0.4-0.6): 1 to prepare a mixed material, adding sheep manure and silkworm manure into the mixed material, uniformly mixing to prepare a composite material, wherein the volume ratio of the added sheep manure, silkworm manure and the mixed material is (0.2-0.5): 0.1-0.3): 4-5; adding fermentation strains into the composite material, and uniformly mixing the two materials to obtain a mixed material to be fermented; and (3) regulating the water content of the mixed material to be fermented to 40-50%, piling up the mixed material to be fermented to a material pile with the width of 1.5-3 m and the height of 1.2-1.8 m, fermenting, turning up the pile for the first time when the temperature of the material pile is increased to 40 ℃, turning up the pile for the first time when the temperature of the material pile is increased to 60 ℃ every time, performing conventional turning up until the material is thoroughly decomposed, crushing and sieving by a 6mm sieve, and obtaining the composite fermentation product.
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