A kind of disease-preventing pepper organic and inorganic compound fertilizer and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of pepper organic and inorganic compound fertilizer and preparation method thereof, belong to the fertilizer production technology field.
Background technology
Capsicum is a kind of crop of easy infection soil-borne disease, and in recent years, along with the increase of planting density and multiple crop index, soil nutrient is unbalance, causes capsicum root rot, bacterial wilt, and soil-borne diseases such as root knot nematode disease take place serious.And these disease majorities infect in seedling stage and take place.Medication again when common prevention and treatment method is morbidity, but late.The generation of pepper diseases is relevant with the accumulation of germ in the soil on the one hand, and is also unreasonable with fertilising on the other hand, the soil nutrient imbalance, and plant strain growth is unhealthy and strong, and the disease resistance difference is relevant.Therefore must take to prevent and treat the method that disease combines with regulation and control nutrition, with the sound development that promotes that capsicum produces.
Chinese patent CN1743296A (200410079005.4) discloses a kind of chili special-purpose fertilizer, and it provides a kind of chili special-purpose fertilizer that contains multiple inorganic nutrients.Chinese patent file CN101234928A (200810014188.X) discloses special control-release fertilizer for sulfur and resin coated red pepper and preparation method thereof, has introduced a kind of fertile capsicum special-purpose control-release fertilizer by composite production of serial controlled release that utilizes sulfur and resin coated material produce.These two patents are mineral manure, although can provide capsicum rational nutrient, also exist not enough.The one, can not offer the capsicum organic nutrient, the 2nd, do not possess disease-proof functions.
The pepper organic and inorganic compound fertilizer that has the soil-borne disease of preventing and treating at present yet there are no report.
Summary of the invention
At the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of pepper organic and inorganic compound fertilizer and preparation method thereof with the soil-borne disease of preventing and treating.
The present invention will cooperate production preparation and capsicum nutritional needs to match with the organism of edible fungi residue fermentation maturity with inorganic fertilizer and agricultural chemicals organic and inorganic compound fertilizer, and carried out field experiment, obtained good effect.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
Pepper organic and inorganic compound fertilizer of the present invention is that following component is prepared from, and is mass parts:
50~70 parts of organism become thoroughly decomposed
10~15 parts in urea
4~11 parts of diammonium phosphate
12~20 parts of vitriolate of tartar
1~1.5 part in zinc sulfate
0.3~0.5 part of borax
0.05~0.1 part of derosal
2~3 parts of aldicarbs
The described organism that becomes thoroughly decomposed is with 75~85 parts of edible fungi residues, 15~20 parts of grouts, 1~2 part of heap fermentation of microbial fermentation microbial inoculum EM composite fungus agent, dries in the air to moisture content 30~35wt% to make.
Described edible fungi residue is a depleted cultivation material in the Edible Fungi process, and main component is cotton seed hulls, crop straw, sawdust, edible fungus mycelium etc., its moisture content 55~65wt%, organic content 45~55wt%.
Described grouts are selected from soya-bean cake, peanut cake, cottonseed cake or rape cake.
Preferably, the powder particle diameter of grouts≤20 orders, commercially available prod.
Described microbial fermentation microbial inoculum is EM composite fungus agent (EM is the abbreviation of EffectiveMicroorganesms), and it is that 5 sections 10 such as photosynthetic bacteria group, yeast flora, lactobacillus, actinomycete group, mycorhiza flora are belonged to more than 80 kind of microorganism compound a kind of typing microbial inoculum of cultivating in same state.Be brown translucent liquid, the pH value is between 3.5~4.5.Market is on sale.
Described zinc sulfate, borax, technical grade, commercially available prod.
Described derosal is 50wt% or 25wt% wettable powder.The commercially available prod.
Described aldicarb is the 5wt% granule.The commercially available prod.
Preferably, pepper organic and inorganic compound fertilizer mass parts of the present invention:
65~70 parts of organism become thoroughly decomposed
10~12 parts in urea
4~5 parts of diammonium phosphate
12~14 parts of vitriolate of tartar
1~1.2 part in zinc sulfate
0.3~0.4 part of borax
0.08~0.1 part of derosal
2.5~3 parts of aldicarbs
The preparation method of pepper organic and inorganic compound fertilizer of the present invention, step is as follows:
(1) the organic preparation of becoming thoroughly decomposed:
In mass parts, edible fungi residue, grouts, microbial fermentation microbial inoculum EM composite fungus agent thorough mixing is even, and the moisture of adjusting compound is 55~65wt%, and C/N is 23~28 mass ratioes, pH7~7.5.
Above-mentioned compound is piled high 1.5~1.8 meters trapezoidal heap, and length is not limit, and down punches from the top, and 10~15 of every square metre of hole counts cover plastics film, carry out aerobic fermentation.Wait to pile temperature rise to 50 and ℃ pick up counting, fermented 5~7 days, turning was fermented 5~7 days again.Turning in per 5~7 days was later on once fermented 30~50 days altogether, and fermenting process is finished.The above-mentioned organism moisture content that ferments is dried in the air to 30~35wt%, standby.
Described punching, 3~5 centimetres in preferred aperture, hole depth is to the bottom of stockpile.
Described turning, preferably the material with the stockpile surface ploughs under inside, and originally Nei Bu material is translated into the outside.
(2) preparation of pepper organic and inorganic compound fertilizer:
Get in the organism that becomes thoroughly decomposed that derosal, aldicarb join step (1) preparation, mix.Mixture is even with the urea of pulverizing 80 mesh sieves, diammonium phosphate, vitriolate of tartar, zinc sulfate, borax thorough mixing again, carry out granulation with equipment according to a conventional method, product.
The application process of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special of the present invention is, 2000~3000 kilograms of per hectare consumptions wherein 2/3rds are used as base manure when capsicum is transplanted, and 1/3rd impose after gathering for the first time.
Excellent results of the present invention is as follows:
1. organic-inorganic combination guarantees red pepper high-yield, high-quality
Only depend on application of organic fertilizers, because the nutrient content of fertilizer is low, yield of hot pepper is low.Use inorganic fertilizer fully and can make the relative variation of capsicum quality again.The organic and inorganic compound fertilizer that the present invention produced had both contained an amount of organotrophy, improved quality, had rationally added inorganic nutrients again, guaranteed red pepper high-yield, high-quality.
2. diseases prevention is regulated with nutrition and is combined, and improves protection effect.
The special root diseases of pepper diseases should be putting prevention first, in case caused certain harm when falling ill medication again.This fertilizer adopts and apply main root district when capsicum is transplanted, to preventing that germ from invading root system, the harm seedling has good action.Simultaneously, contain rich nutrient substances in the fertilizer, as amino acid, trace element, organic matter etc., they have and prevent the synergistic effect of disease substance, so protection effect is good.
3. increase soil fertility
The sign of fertile soil is not only the nutrient content height, also is embodied in the ability of reconciling water, gas, heat.The special-purpose fertilizer that the present invention produced contains large amount of organic, is manured into soil to promote the formation of soil aggregate, strengthens the ability of soil water-retaining, guarantor's fertilizer and conciliation water, gas, heat, increases soil fertility.
4. reduce the medication number of times, save the recruitment cost
Medicine of the present invention, fertilizer are used together, and the spraying times when having reduced morbidity has been saved the recruitment cost, has improved economic benefit.
Embodiment
The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment, but be not limited thereto.
Edible fungi residue is for the corn cob being the cultivation waste material behind the raw material cultivating white mushroom, its water content 55.2wt%, organic 48.3wt%, full nitrogen 1.49wt%, full phosphorus 0.54wt%, full potassium 2.13wt%, pH value 7.41.
Grouts are dregs of beans, and the wide life in Shandong limited-liability company produces the byproduct in the soya-bean oil process, its water content 6.4wt%, organic 65wt%, full nitrogen 2.00wt%, full phosphorus 0.56wt%, full potassium 0.06wt%.
The microbial fermentation microbial inoculum is the EM composite fungus agent, and Jiangxi Tianyi Biologic Technology Development Co., Ltd. produces.Derosal, the 50wt% wettable powder, Shandong Shengbang Lunan Pesticide Co., Ltd. produces.Aldicarb, the 5wt% granule, Shandong insecticide factory of Ningyang produces.
Raw material consumption umber among the embodiment is mass parts, and all per-cents are mass percent.
Embodiment 1:
(1) the organic preparation of becoming thoroughly decomposed:
78 parts of edible fungi residues, 20 parts of dregs of beans, 2 parts of thorough mixing of microbial fermentation microbial inoculum is even.The moisture of adjusting compound is 62%, and C/N is 27, pH7.1.
Above-mentioned compound is piled high 1.5 meters trapezoidal heap, down punch from the top, 10 of every square metre of hole counts cover plastics film, carry out aerobic fermentation.Wait to pile temperature rise to 50 and ℃ pick up counting, fermented 7 days, turning was fermented 7 days again.Turning in per 7 days was later on once fermented 35 days altogether, and fermenting process is finished.The above-mentioned organism moisture content that ferments is dried in the air to 35%, standby.
(2) preparation of pepper organic and inorganic compound fertilizer:
Get in 50 parts of organism that 2 parts of 0.05 part of derosal, aldicarb join step (1) preparation, mix.With mixture again with 15 parts in the urea of pulverizing 80 mesh sieves, 11 parts of diammonium phosphate, 20 parts of vitriolate of tartar, 1.5 parts in zinc sulfate, 0.5 part of thorough mixing of borax is even, the disk granulation, product.
Present embodiment fertilizer is fit to the soil that disease is light, soil nutrient content is lower.
Embodiment 2:
(1) the organic preparation of becoming thoroughly decomposed:
84 parts of edible fungi residues, 15 parts of dregs of beans, 1 part of thorough mixing of microbial fermentation microbial inoculum is even.The moisture of adjusting compound is 58%, and C/N is 25, pH7.5.
Above-mentioned compound is piled high 1.8 meters trapezoidal heap, down punch from the top, 15 of every square metre of hole counts cover plastics film, carry out aerobic fermentation.Wait to pile temperature rise to 50 and ℃ pick up counting, fermented 5 days, turning was fermented 5 days again.Turning in per 5 days was later on once fermented 30 days altogether, and fermenting process is finished.The above-mentioned organism moisture content that ferments is dried in the air to 30%, standby.
(2) preparation of pepper organic and inorganic compound fertilizer:
Get in 70 parts of organism that 3 parts of 0.1 part of derosal, aldicarb join step (1) preparation, mix.With mixture again with 10 parts in the urea of pulverizing 80 mesh sieves, 4 parts of diammonium phosphate, 12 parts of vitriolate of tartar, 1 part in zinc sulfate, 0.3 part of thorough mixing of borax is even, the disk granulation, product.
Present embodiment fertilizer is fit to heavier, the soil nutrient content soil with high of disease.
Embodiment 3:(1) becomes thoroughly decomposed organic preparation with embodiment 1.
(2) preparation of pepper organic and inorganic compound fertilizer:
Get in 60 parts of organism that 2.5 parts of 0.08 part of derosal, aldicarb join step (1) preparation, mix.With mixture again with 13 parts in the urea of pulverizing 80 mesh sieves, 6 parts of diammonium phosphate, 17 parts of vitriolate of tartar, 1 part in zinc sulfate, 0.3 part of thorough mixing of borax is even, the disk granulation, product.
Present embodiment fertilizer is fit to disease and the medium soil of soil nutrient content.
Comparative Examples:
Universal composite organic-inorganic fertilizer, Shandong Guangda Fertilizer Technology Co., Ltd. produces, organic content 23%, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium total nutrient 16%.
The effect of above embodiment 1~3 and Comparative Examples is as follows:
For the examination capsicum variety is Bulgarian goat's horn green pepper, and soil is cinnamon soil.The fertilizer amount of embodiment and Comparative Examples is identical.2800 kilograms of per hectare consumptions wherein 2/3rds are used transplanting previous crops base manure, and remaining fertilizer imposes after gathering for the first time.The application process of base manure is earlier fertilizer to be imposed in the planting furrow, with the rice shoot of planting in the above after soil mixes.The application process of topdressing is at distance plant 10 centimeters direct motions trench digging, fertilising back earthing.
|
Yield-increasing efficiency (%) |
Quality percentage improves (%) |
Embodiment 1 |
14.2 |
27.9 |
Embodiment 2 |
16.3 |
31.5 |
Embodiment 3 |
18.7 |
19.6 |
Comparative Examples |
- |
- |
The diseases prevention test
Be pepper organic and inorganic compound fertilizer diseases prevention test situation of the present invention below.
1. test conditions: test and utilized potted plant in 2008 and 2009 and carry out in the land for growing field crops.Pot experiment is carried out in our company, and field experiment is carried out in Shouguang City, Shandong Province.Pot experiment is to take from the serious plot of falling ill with soil, and field experiment also is to select the more serious plot of morbidity last year to carry out.All handle other management unanimity except that fertilizer, and do not re-use agricultural chemicals separately.
2. test design:
5 processing are established in test, and are potted plant identical with the field experiment processing.12 kilograms in soil of the every basin of pot experiment, 6 repetitions, every potted plant 3 capsicums of planting.18 square metres of field test sub-district areas, 4 repetitions.It is identical to handle 2~5 rates of fertilizer application.Every basin rate of fertilizer application 30 grams of pot experiment, disposable employed before planting, application process is earlier fertilizer to be imposed in the planting hole, with the capsicum seedling of planting in the above behind the part soil mixing.6 kilograms of the every sub-district of field test fertilizer amounts wherein 2/3rds are used as base manure prior to seeding, and 1/3rd impose after gathering for the first time.The application process of base manure is earlier fertilizer to be imposed in the planting furrow, with the capsicum seedling of planting in the above after soil mixes.The application process of topdressing is at distance plant 10 centimeters direct motions trench digging, fertilising back earthing.
Table 2 test is handled
Handle code name |
Contents processing |
T1 |
Do not apply fertilizer |
T2 |
Use Comparative Examples fertilizer |
T3 |
Use embodiment 1 fertilizer |
T4 |
Use embodiment 2 fertilizer |
T5 |
Use embodiment 3 fertilizer |
3. investigation method:
Two pilot survey contents are identical.Capsicum root rot, bacterial wilt are the respondent with the overground part, all tests are all investigated, time is that standard was all to can be regarded as morbidity from yellow leaf to withered plant before capsicum was gathered for the first time, and the percentage ratio that accounts for total number with two kinds of disease morbidity number sums is sickness rate.The root knot nematode disease investigation is the plant of choosing behind the capsicum harvest home.The whole plant of pot experiment are all with investigating, each sub-district random searching 30 strain of field test, standard be the bar number with root system generation root knot account for total root bar number can be regarded as morbidity more than 25%, the percentage ratio that accounts for total investigation strain number with morbidity strain number is sickness rate.
4. test-results:
Table 3. capsicum root rot, bacterial wilt test-results
Table 4. root knot nematode disease test-results