CN114340934A - 驱动马达和电池相对于车辆的搭载构造 - Google Patents
驱动马达和电池相对于车辆的搭载构造 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
驱动马达和电池相对于车辆的搭载构造具备:前轮(11L/R)驱动用的前马达(2);后轮(14L/R)驱动用的后马达(5);储存马达用电力的强电电池(8);以及储存各种单元用电力的弱电电池(7)。在车辆的俯视时,满足下述[a]~[c]。[a]车辆的前后中心线(L1)与横中心线(L2)之间的交点(S)与强电电池(8)重叠。[b]在车辆前部,前马达(2)配置于前后中心线(L1)的一侧,并且,内燃机(1)配置于前后中心线(L1)的另一侧。[c]在车辆后部,弱电电池(7)配置于前后中心线(L1)的一侧,并且,后马达(5)配置于前后中心线(L1)的另一侧。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及前轮驱动用的前马达、后轮驱动用的后马达、内燃机、弱电电池[low-voltage battery]以及储存所述马达用的电力的强电电池[high-voltage battery]相对于车辆的搭载构造[installation arrangement of...on a vehicle]。
背景技术
下述专利文献1公开了一种搭载有前轮驱动用的前马达、后轮驱动用的后马达、内燃机、以及储存上述的马达用的电力的强电电池的车辆。专利文献1的车辆是混合电动汽车(HEV),也搭载有发电机(马达发电机)。发电机利用内燃机的输出而发电。虽然在专利文献1中并未明示,但储存内燃机、辅机类所使用的电力的弱电电池也搭载于车辆。此外,上述的前马达和后马达也能够在车辆减速时进行再生发电。由发电机所发电的电力和由前马达和后马达所再生发电的电力储存于强电电池。另外,利用从强电电池供给到前马达、后马达的电力驱动马达,车辆行驶。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:国际公开第2011/083680号
发明内容
发明要解决的问题
上述的前马达、后马达、强电电池以及内燃机等在搭载于车辆的各种单元中也是较重的单元。在专利文献1所公开的车辆的后部[rear section],较重的后马达搭载于左侧,重量分配[weight distribution]变得不均匀。因此,出于车辆运动性[vehicledynamics](操纵稳定性[handling and stability])的观点考虑,期望的是改善重量分配。
本发明的目的在于提供一种能实现优异的重量分配的、驱动马达和电池相对于车辆的搭载构造。
用于解决问题的方案
本发明的特征的搭载构造具备:前轮驱动用的前马达;后轮驱动用的后马达;内燃机;储存上述的马达用的电力的强电电池;以及储存在车辆搭载的各种单元所使用的电力的弱电电池。在车辆的俯视时,满足下述[a]~[c]。[a]车辆的前后中心线与横中心线之间的交点与强电电池重叠。[b]在车辆的前部,前马达配置于前后中心线的一侧,并且,内燃机配置于前后中心线的另一侧。[c]在车辆的后部,弱电电池配置于前后中心线的一侧,并且,后马达配置于前后中心线的另一侧。
发明的效果
根据上述特征的搭载构造,能够实现优异的重量分配。
附图说明
图1是具备实施方式的搭载构造的车辆的概略仰视图。
图2是上述车辆的概略侧视图。
图3是上述车辆的后部的仰视图。
图4是上述车辆的后部的侧剖视图。
图5是上述车辆的概略后视图。
图6是上述车辆的概略主视图。
具体实施方式
以下,参照附图,同时对实施方式的搭载构造进行说明。
图1是具备本实施方式的搭载构造的车辆的仰视图。在图1中,省略了地板等几个零部件,以便使各单元的配置容易观察。另外,也省略了几个构造构件。图1的左侧是车辆的前方,右侧是车辆的后方,上侧是车辆的左方,下侧是车辆的右方。在图1中,以附图标记L1表示的是在车辆的横向[lateral direction](左右方向)的中央通过的沿着车辆的前后方向[longitudinal direction]的前后中心线[longitudinal center line]。同样地,以附图标记L2表示的是在前后方向的中央通过的沿着横向的横中心线[lateral centerline]。此外,图1是仰视图,但在从上方观察车辆的俯视时,也能够同样地定义前后中心线L1和横中心线L2。附图标记S是前后中心线L1与横中心线L2之间的交点。
在车辆的前部[front section]的发动机舱内搭载有内燃机1、前马达2、发电机(马达发电机)3以及前齿轮箱4。在发动机舱内也搭载有前马达2和发电机3用的变换器30。变换器30配置于前马达2和发电机3这两者的上方(参照图2和图6)。另一方面,在车辆后部的行李箱的下方搭载有后马达5、后齿轮箱6以及弱电电池7。另外,在车辆的中央的乘客室内的座椅的下方搭载有强电电池8。强电电池8的输出电压(例如100V~300V)比弱电电池7的输出电压(例如12V)高。此外,强电电池8也可以配置于地板的上方和下方中任一个。其中,较重的强电电池8配置于车辆的中央,更具体而言,以在俯视时同前后中心线L1与横中心线L2之间的交点S重叠的方式配置。
本实施方式的车辆是串联混合电动汽车(HEV),利用内燃机1的输出而发电机3发电。发电机3是三相交流发电机,由发电机3所发电的电力借助变换器30、DC/DC转换器等储存于强电电池8。前马达2是三相交流马达,借助变换器30、DC/DC转换器等与强电电池8电连接。前马达2由来自强电电池8的电力驱动。后马达5也是三相交流马达,借助变换器、DC/DC转换器等与强电电池8电连接。后马达5用的变换器内置于后马达5。后马达5也由来自强电电池8的电力驱动。
此外,发电机3所发电的电力能借助变换器30、DC/DC转换器等向前马达2、后马达5直接供给。另外,在车辆减速时,前马达2、后马达5能够进行再生发电。所再生发电的电力能储存于强电电池8。此外,弱电电池7储存向灯类、空调机、内燃机1等的电子控制单元等、各种单元(辅机类[supplemental components])供给的电力。
内燃机1的输出轴借助前齿轮箱4内的加速齿轮组与发电机3的输入轴机械连接。另外,前马达2的输出轴借助前齿轮箱4内的减速齿轮组与一对驱动轴10的内侧端机械连接。驱动轴10的外侧端分别与右前轮11R和左前轮11L机械连接。上述的减速齿轮组的最靠近驱动轴10的齿轮是容许右前轮11R与左前轮11L之间的旋转差的前差动齿轮。
上述的加速齿轮组和减速齿轮组收纳于单一的前齿轮箱4内。不过,在前齿轮箱4内,加速齿轮组与减速齿轮组之间未机械连接。在前齿轮箱4的左部分利用紧固螺栓固定有前马达2和发电机3。另一方面,在前齿轮箱4的右部分利用紧固螺栓固定有内燃机1的发动机组1B。此外,内燃机1从其上方起具备凸轮罩、收纳气门机构的气缸盖、收纳活塞的气缸体、收纳曲轴的曲轴箱、以及油盘,这些结合而构成内燃机1。发动机组1B由气缸体和曲轴箱构成(参照图2和图6)。在内燃机1中,发动机组1B(包括活塞、连杆、曲轴)最重。
内燃机1、前马达2、发电机3以及前齿轮箱4利用紧固螺栓使它们的外壳相互结合而一体化。该一体化而成的单元安装于前纵梁12、前副车架(未图示)。在一对前纵梁12的前端借助碰撞盒安装有横向延伸的前保险杠加强件(未图示)。
驱动轴10优选尽可能设为等长。因而,前齿轮箱4配置于车辆的横向的大致中央。即,在俯视时,前齿轮箱4以与前后中心线L1重叠的方式配置。其结果,前马达2(和发电机3)配置于前后中心线L1的一侧(车辆的左侧),内燃机1配置于前后中心线L1的另一侧(车辆的右侧)。其结果,在车辆的前部,使重量分配在左右侧均匀化。
另一方面,如图1和图3所示,搭载到后部的后马达5的输出轴借助后齿轮箱6内的减速齿轮组与一对驱动轴13的内侧端机械连接。驱动轴13的外侧端分别与右后轮14R和左后轮14L机械连接。上述的减速齿轮组的最驱动轴13的齿轮是容许右后轮14R与左后轮14L之间的旋转差的后差动齿轮。在后齿轮箱6的左部分利用紧固螺栓固定有后马达5。
后马达5和后齿轮箱6利用紧固螺栓使它们的外壳相互结合而一体化。该一体化而成的单元安装于后纵梁15中的一个、与后纵梁15平行的平行构件16以及后横梁17(参照图3)。平行构件16配置于一对后纵梁15之间。后横梁17连接一对后纵梁15的前端和平行构件16的前端。此时,一体化了的后马达5和后齿轮箱6位于在地板18形成的开口19的内侧,向地板18的上方和下方突出(参照图5)。
另外,一对后纵梁15和平行构件16由副横梁20相互连接,该副横梁20在比一对后纵梁15的后端和平行构件16的后端稍靠前方的部分处横向延伸。另外,一对后纵梁15的后端达到后端板21,借助后端板21与碰撞盒22分别连接。在碰撞盒22的后端安装有横向延伸的后保险杠加强件23。后端板21也与地板18的后缘连接。平行构件16的后端也达到后端板21。
在平行构件16的后端与后保险杠加强件23之间也配置有碰撞盒22。不过,在本实施方式中,平行构件16与后保险杠加强件23之间的碰撞盒22的前端未与后端板21接触。如图4所示,在碰撞盒22的前端与后端板21之间形成有微小的间隙。不过,该碰撞盒22的前端也可以与其他碰撞盒22同样地与后端板21结合。
此外,如图5所示,后纵梁15和平行构件16(还有后横梁17)分别是通过将具有帽型[hat-shaped]截面的纵长材焊接于地板18而形成的。即,后纵梁15和平行构件16(还有后横梁17)形成为具有四边形闭截面的骨架构造构件。在图1中,为了使各部容易观察,未图示地板18,仅将具有帽型截面的纵长材图示为后纵梁15和平行构件16。另外,在本实施方式中,后轮14R和14L由扭力梁式悬挂。如图1所示,扭力梁24位于后横梁17的下方(图中跟前侧)。
另外,体积不大但较重的弱电电池7相对于前后中心线L1载置于与后马达5相反的一侧的平行构件16之上。从下方由平行构件16支承弱电电池7。平行构件16位于后齿轮箱6的侧方。在平行构件16的前后方向的中央形成有以向下方局部突出的方式弯折而成的弯折部16X。弱电电池7载置于该弯折部16X上。因而,抑制弱电电池7的上方突出量,如图4和图5所示,能够使行李箱的底板28平坦。其结果,能够确保行李箱的容量,同时使行李箱的便利性[usability]提高。此外,如图5所示,经由开口19突出到地板18的上方的后马达5和后齿轮箱6由以封闭开口19的方式安装到地板18的圆顶状的盖29覆盖。
换言之,上述的后马达5在俯视时配置于由后纵梁15中的一个、平行构件16以及后横梁17(还有副横梁20)包围的范围(所形成的开口19)内。并且,后马达5借助右安装件25安装于后纵梁15中的一个。另外,后马达5也借助后齿轮箱6和左安装件26安装于平行构件16。而且,后马达5也借助后齿轮箱6和前安装件27安装于后横梁17。
另外,与前部的驱动轴10同样地,后部的驱动轴13也优选尽可能设为等长。因而,后齿轮箱6配置于车辆的横向的大致中央。即,在俯视时,后齿轮箱6以与前后中心线L1重叠的方式配置。其结果,后马达5配置于前后中心线L1的另一侧(车辆的右侧),即与前马达2相反的一侧,弱电电池7配置于前后中心线L1的一侧(车辆的左侧)。其结果,在车辆的后部,也使重量分配在左右侧均匀化。
后马达5与前后中心线L1之间的距离比弱电电池7与前后中心线L1之间的距离短。通常,后马达5的重量比弱电电池7的重量大。因此,为了使较重的后马达5靠近前后中心线L1、并且使在车辆的摇晃时起作用的惯性矩平衡,延长弱电电池7与前后中心线L1之间的距离。换言之,能够利用搭载性比后马达5的搭载性灵活的弱电电池7的搭载位置调整摇晃时的车辆运动性。
而且,如图2所示,在车辆的侧视中,前马达2与内燃机1的发动机组1B至少局部地相互重叠[overlap with one another at least partially]。另外,后马达5与弱电电池7也至少局部地相互重叠。而且,如图6所示,在车辆的主视中,前马达2与弱电电池7至少局部地相互重叠。另外,后马达5与发动机组1B也至少局部地相互重叠。即,搭载于远离车辆的重心的前部或后部并且较重的前马达2、内燃机1(发动机组1B)、后马达5以及弱电电池7平衡良好地配置于车辆的前后左右,使重量分配提高。
另外,如图2所示,在车辆的侧视中,将在前马达2的输出轴O1的中心和后马达5的输出轴O2的中心通过的线设为马达通过线L3。同样地,将在驱动轴10相对于前齿轮箱4的安装中心O3和驱动轴13相对于后齿轮箱6的安装中心O4通过的线设为差动齿轮通过线L4。其中,马达通过线L3与差动齿轮通过线L4平行。换言之,以马达通过线L3与差动齿轮通过线L4平行的方式搭载有前马达2、后马达5、前齿轮箱4(驱动轴10)以及后齿轮箱6(驱动轴13)。在此所谓的“平行”中不仅包括精密的平行的情况(马达通过线L3与差动齿轮通过线L4完全不交叉的情况),也包括其交叉角是0.5°以下的实质上平行的情况。
而且,强电电池8配置于比差动齿轮通过线L4靠下方的位置。通常,驱动轴10的安装中心O3和驱动轴13的安装中心O4的位置比前马达2的输出轴O1和后马达5的输出轴O2的位置低。即,差动齿轮通过线L4比马达通过线L3低。如上所述,较重的强电电池8在俯视时与交点S重叠,因此,配置于车辆的重心附近。而且,较重的强电电池8配置于比差动齿轮通过线L4靠下方的位置。即,车辆的重心位置在侧视时被强电电池8进一步降低,车辆运动性提高。
根据本实施方式,在车辆的俯视时,前后中心线L1与横中心线L2之间的交点S与强电电池8重叠。另外,在俯视时,前马达2和配置到后部的弱电电池7配置于前后中心线L1的一侧(在本实施方式中是左侧),并且,配置到前部的内燃机1和后马达5配置于前后中心线L1的另一侧(在本实施方式中是右侧)。因而,较重的强电电池8配置于车辆的大致中央,不使重量分配产生偏置。而且,较重的单元即内燃机1、前马达2、后马达5以及弱电电池7分别配置于前部一侧、前部另一侧、后部一侧以及后部另一侧。其结果,使重量分配均匀化,可实现优异的重量分配。能利用优异的重量分配提高车辆运动性能(操纵稳定性)。
另外,在本实施方式中,后马达5在俯视时配置于由后纵梁15中的另一个、平行构件16以及后横梁17包围的范围内,并且,安装于这些构件。因而,除了将后马达5安装于一对后纵梁15之外,还将后马达5安装于与后纵梁15平行设置的平行构件16,从而能够将后马达5可靠地配置于前后中心线L1的另一侧(在本实施方式中是右侧)。其结果,在后部,除了弱电电池7之外,平行构件16也配置于前后中心线L1的一侧(在本实施方式中是左侧),因此,使后部中的一侧和另一侧的重量分配均匀化,实现优异的重量分配。
另外,在本实施方式中,差动齿轮通过线L4与马达通过线L3平行,强电电池8配置于比差动齿轮通过线L4靠下方的位置。驱动车轮(11L/R和14L/R)的驱动轴10和驱动轴13即使不与地面水平,也相对于地面配置于大致相同的高度。即,驱动轴10的安装中心O3和驱动轴13的安装中心O4也位于大致相同的高度,差动齿轮通过线L4大致水平。在与差动齿轮通过线L4平行的马达通过线L3上存在前马达2的输出轴O1和后马达5的输出轴O2,因此,一侧的较重的前马达2的高度与另一侧的较重的后马达5的高度大致相等,摇晃时的车辆的姿势稳定。只要姿势稳定,转弯性能[turning performance](包含于车辆运动性)就提高。另外,较重的强电电池8配置于比差动齿轮通过线L4靠下方的位置,因此,车辆的重心降低,车辆运动性提高。
另外,在本实施方式中,平行构件16的前后方向的中央以向下方突出的方式弯折而形成弯折部16X,弱电电池7载置于该弯折部16X上。因而,能够使惯性力所作用的较重的弱电电池7可靠地保持于平行构件16。另外,弱电电池7载置于向下方突出的弯折部16X上,因此,抑制弱电电池7的上方突出量,如图4和图5所示,能够使行李箱的底板28平坦。其结果,能够确保行李箱的容量,同时使行李箱的便利性提高。另外,平行构件16仅局部地形成有弯折部16X,其后端位于与一对后纵梁15相同的高度,能够与后纵梁15一起承受后面碰撞时的载荷。
另外,在本实施方式中,在侧视时,前马达2与内燃机1的发动机组1B至少局部地相互重叠,并且,后马达5与弱电电池7至少局部地相互重叠。同时,在主视时,前马达2与弱电电池7至少局部地相互重叠,并且,后马达5与发动机组1B至少局部地相互重叠。换言之,内燃机1(作为其较重的部位的发动机组1B)、前马达2、后马达5以及弱电电池7以在俯视时位于长方形的顶点的方式搭载,并且,它们的搭载高度大致相等。因而,使重量分配更加均匀化,实现更优异的重量分配。另外,它们的全部的搭载高度大致相等,因此,摇晃时的车辆的姿势更稳定。更优异的重量分配、更稳定的摇晃时的姿势能使车辆运动性更加提高。
本发明并不限定于上述的实施方式。例如,上述实施方式中的车辆是串联式混合动力汽车,但也可以是并联式混合动力汽车、串联/并联混合型的混合动力车。即,所搭载的内燃机的输出既可以仅用于发电,也可以仅用于车辆行驶,也可以用于发电和车辆行驶这两者。
附图标记说明
1、内燃机;1B、发动机组;2、前马达;3、发电机(马达发电机);4、前齿轮箱;5、后马达;6、后齿轮箱;7、弱电电池;8、强电电池;10、13、驱动轴;11L、左前轮;11R、右前轮;14L、左后轮;14R、右后轮;15、后纵梁;16、平行构件;16X、弯折部;18、地板;25、右安装件;26、左安装件;27、前安装件;O1、(前马达2的)输出轴;O2、(后马达5的)输出轴;O3、(前齿轮箱4的)安装中心;O4、(后齿轮箱6的)安装中心;L1、前后中心线;L2、横中心线;L3、马达通过线;L4、差动齿轮通过线;S、(前后中心线L1与横中心线L2之间的)交点。
Claims (5)
1.一种驱动马达和电池相对于车辆的搭载构造,其具备:
前轮驱动用的前马达;
后轮驱动用的后马达;
内燃机;
储存所述前马达和所述后马达用的电力的强电电池;以及
储存在所述车辆搭载的各种单元所使用的电力的弱电电池,
在车辆的俯视时,
在所述车辆的横向的中央通过的沿着所述车辆的前后方向的前后中心线与在所述前后方向的中央通过的沿着所述横向的横中心线之间的交点与所述强电电池重叠,
在比所述横中心线靠前方的、所述车辆的前部,所述前马达配置于所述前后中心线的一侧,并且,所述内燃机配置于所述前后中心线的另一侧,
在比所述横中心线靠后方的、所述车辆的后部,所述弱电电池配置于所述前后中心线的所述一侧,并且,所述后马达配置于所述前后中心线的所述另一侧。
2.根据权利要求1所述的搭载构造,其中,
该搭载构造还具备:
一对后纵梁,其在所述前后方向上延伸;
平行构件,其配置于所述一对后纵梁之间,在所述前后方向上延伸;以及
后横梁,其连接所述一对后纵梁的前端和所述平行构件的前端,
所述后马达在所述俯视时配置于由所述后纵梁中的一个、所述平行构件、以及所述后横梁包围的范围内,并且,
所述后马达安装于所述后纵梁中的所述一个、所述平行构件、以及所述后横梁。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的搭载构造,其中,
该搭载构造还具备:
前齿轮箱,其机械连接所述前马达的输出轴和所述前轮的驱动轴;和
后齿轮箱,其机械连接所述后马达的输出轴和所述后轮的驱动轴,
在所述车辆的侧视时,
在所述驱动轴相对于所述前齿轮箱的安装中心和所述驱动轴相对于所述后齿轮箱的安装中心通过的差动齿轮通过线与在所述前马达的输出轴的中心和所述后马达的输出轴的中心通过的马达通过线平行,
所述强电电池配置于比所述马达通过线靠下方的位置。
4.根据权利要求2所述的搭载构造,其中,
所述平行构件的所述前后方向的中央以向下方突出的方式弯折,
所述弱电电池载置于所述平行构件的弯折部上。
5.根据权利要求1~4中任一项所述的搭载构造,其中,
在所述车辆的侧视时,所述前马达和所述内燃机的发动机组至少局部地相互重叠,并且,所述后马达和所述弱电电池至少局部地相互重叠,
在所述车辆的主视时,所述前马达和所述弱电电池至少局部地相互重叠,并且,所述后马达和所述发动机组至少局部地相互重叠。
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Also Published As
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WO2021044479A1 (ja) | 2021-03-11 |
EP4026717A1 (en) | 2022-07-13 |
EP4026717A4 (en) | 2022-08-31 |
EP4026717B1 (en) | 2024-01-24 |
MX2022002301A (es) | 2022-03-25 |
JP7251637B2 (ja) | 2023-04-04 |
BR112022003468A2 (pt) | 2022-06-28 |
US11890938B2 (en) | 2024-02-06 |
JPWO2021044479A1 (zh) | 2021-03-11 |
US20220340000A1 (en) | 2022-10-27 |
CN114340934B (zh) | 2024-06-07 |
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