CN114287304A - Organic seedling raising method for codonopsis pilosula - Google Patents
Organic seedling raising method for codonopsis pilosula Download PDFInfo
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- 241000007126 Codonopsis pilosula Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 146
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000003223 protective agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000012629 purifying agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 12
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- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 6
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- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of codonopsis pilosula planting, in particular to a codonopsis pilosula organic seedling raising method; the method comprises the following steps: land preparation: selecting a sandy soil to apply a base fertilizer, mixing and broadcasting the sandy soil by using a biological organic fertilizer, a farmyard organic fertilizer and a soil purifying agent, and then ploughing, raking and ridging to form a seedbed; sowing: selecting seeds for growing the seedlings of the codonopsis pilosula, uniformly sowing the seeds on the seedbed, and compacting the seeds after sowing; drip irrigation and laying: laying a drip irrigation system along the seedbed; covering with a sunshade net: selecting a shading net to shade the seedbed; seedbed management: uncovering the sunshade net, and spraying monopotassium phosphate on the leaf surfaces of the codonopsis pilosula seedlings; and (3) pest control: the codonopsis pilosula is sprayed by using plant protective agent fermentation liquor, and the seedlings are transplanted: before transplanting the codonopsis pilosula seedlings, applying farmyard organic fertilizer to the codonopsis pilosula seedlings, and before sprouting the codonopsis pilosula seedlings, transplanting the codonopsis pilosula seedlings. The invention aims to solve the problem that the germination rate of codonopsis pilosula seeds is reduced because codonopsis pilosula seeds are not easy to survive in the germination stage.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of codonopsis pilosula planting, in particular to a codonopsis pilosula organic seedling raising method.
Background
Radix Codonopsis belonging to genus Codonopsis of family Campanulaceae, genus Codonopsis, and having milky juice. The stem base has a plurality of nodular stem marks, the root is usually hypertrophic and is spindle-shaped or spindle-shaped cylindrical, the stem is wound, sterile or the tip is attached with flowers, yellow green or yellow white, the leaves are grown on the main stem and the side branches, the leaf stems have short and thin bristles, the leaves are oval or narrow oval, the edges have wavy blunt saw teeth, the upper side is green, the lower side is gray green, the flower buds are grown on the branch ends and are grown or nearly grown with the leaf stems, the flower crowns are upward, the flower buds are broad bell-shaped, the split pieces are regular triangular, the anthers are long, the seeds are majority, the shape is oval, and the flowers and the fruits can be bloomed in 7-10 months. Radix codonopsitis is a commonly used traditional tonifying medicine in China, and the radix codonopsitis produced in Shanxi Shandangshen area is used as a superior product in ancient times, so that the radix codonopsitis has the effects of tonifying middle-jiao and Qi, and tonifying spleen and lung. Radix Codonopsis has effects of enhancing immunity, dilating blood vessel, lowering blood pressure, improving microcirculation, and improving hemopoiesis function. In addition, the composition has an effect of improving leucocyte reduction caused by chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
As a clinical common medicinal material, the market demand of the codonopsis pilosula is large, the codonopsis pilosula is mainly produced in a wild way, however, with the development of the traditional Chinese medicine industry, the market supply of the codonopsis pilosula only by the wild way cannot meet the demand, and therefore, an effective method for solving the problem is to carry out artificial planting.
The codonopsis pilosula adopts seeds which are generally sown between frost and fall and winter, the seeds do not need to be treated, the seeds are directly sown on the land, after the seeds are uniformly sown, a layer of wheat straw is covered to preserve heat and prevent sunshine, and the covering is gradually removed when the seedlings are 10cm high.
However, after the codonopsis pilosula seeds are sowed on the land, the day and night temperature difference in the codonopsis pilosula planting season is large, the land is dry, the moisture of the land is small, the seeds are easily affected by the moisture of the land and plant diseases and insect pests in the germination stage, the seeds are not easy to survive, and the emergence rate of the codonopsis pilosula seeds is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides an organic seedling raising method for codonopsis pilosula, which aims to solve the problem that the germination rate of codonopsis pilosula seeds is reduced because codonopsis pilosula seeds are not easy to survive in the germination stage.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a method for organically growing seedlings of codonopsis pilosula comprises the following steps:
land preparation: selecting a sandy soil to apply a base fertilizer, mixing and broadcasting the sandy soil by using a biological organic fertilizer, a farmyard organic fertilizer and a soil purifying agent, and then ploughing, raking and ridging the sandy soil to form a seedbed;
sowing: selecting seeds for growing the seedlings of the codonopsis pilosula, uniformly sowing the seeds on the seedbed, and compacting the seeds after sowing;
drip irrigation and laying: a drip irrigation system is laid along the seedbed, a dripper in the drip irrigation system carries out drip irrigation on the codonopsis pilosula, and a fertilizing device is arranged on the drip irrigation system to fertilize the codonopsis pilosula;
covering with a sunshade net: shading the seedbed by using a shading net, wherein the height of the shading net from the seedbed is 20-30 cm;
seedbed management: artificial weeding is adopted on a seedbed, after the codonopsis pilosula seedlings grow out, the sunshade net is removed, and 1-2 thousandth of monopotassium phosphate is sprayed on the leaf surfaces of the codonopsis pilosula seedlings;
and (3) pest control: spraying the codonopsis pilosula once every 10-15 days by using the plant protective agent fermentation liquor, and spraying the codonopsis pilosula fermentation liquor 20-25 days before transplanting seedlings;
transplanting seedlings: applying farmyard organic fertilizer to the codonopsis pilosula seedlings 15-30 days before the codonopsis pilosula seedlings are transplanted, and transplanting the codonopsis pilosula seedlings before the codonopsis pilosula seedlings germinate.
By adopting the technical scheme, the radix codonopsitis seeds are sown conveniently by raising the soil moisture of the sandy soil, and meanwhile, the irrigation system is adopted, so that the radix codonopsitis seeds in the sandy soil are watered, the drought resistance of the seeds is enhanced, meanwhile, the farmyard manure is deodorized, the pesticide residues and the pesticide residues are degraded, the germs and the insect pests of the farmyard manure are killed, the rotten process of the farmyard manure is accelerated, the fertilizer efficiency is improved, and the emergence rate of the radix codonopsitis seeds is improved.
Preferably, the selected previous crop in the sandy loam is a gramineous or leguminous crop.
Not only improves the use efficiency of sandy soil, but also is convenient for the dangshen seeds to absorb the nutrients of the sandy soil and improves the survival rate of the dangshen seeds.
Preferably, the base fertilizer is applied to 3000kg-4000kg per mu in the process of deep ploughing of sandy soil by 30cm-40 cm.
Is used for controlling soil insects through base fertilizer.
Preferably, the dosage of the mixed fertilization of the farmyard organic fertilizer and the soil purifying agent is 80kg-120kg per mu.
Improve the soil quality of sandy loam land and facilitate the growth of dangshen seeds.
Preferably, the height of the seedbed is 10cm-15cm, and the width is 120cm-150 cm.
The codonopsis pilosula seeds are convenient to be sown through the seedbed.
Preferably, the specific preparation steps of the farmyard organic fertilizer are as follows:
mixing 500kg of organic fertilizer or 3-4 cubes of livestock and poultry excrement with 300kg of crushed plant straws, adding 5-8kg of biological fertilizer-making elements, uniformly stirring to form a stack, and stacking and fermenting for 2-3 days;
and when the temperature of the stack is not lower than 60 ℃, turning over the stack, and when the stack temperature is not lower than 50 ℃ and the stack temperature is accumulated for 5 days in the fermentation period, preparing the farmyard organic fertilizer.
The farmyard organic fertilizer has loose and stingless smell, and is convenient for the growth of the codonopsis pilosula seedlings.
Preferably, the stacking proportion of the stacks is that the stack width is larger than the stack height, the stack length is = 1.5-2.0 m, 0.8-1.5 m and at least 5.0m, and the stacking body is covered with a transparent agricultural film when in composting fermentation in winter.
The stack has good ventilation, is beneficial to fermentation, and is beneficial to warming, heat preservation and moisture preservation.
Preferably, the germination rate of the seeds is not less than 85%, and the seeds are uniformly broadcast according to 3-5 kg per mu of land.
So that the seedlings of the codonopsis pilosula seedlings on the seedbed are neat.
Preferably, the specific preparation steps of the plant protective agent fermentation liquor are as follows:
adding 50kg of water into 1-1.5kg of the plant protective agent per mu each time, fermenting for 24-48 hours at 20-35 ℃, stirring once for 4-6 hours, foaming the fermented liquid surface and smelling slightly sour, and taking supernatant to obtain the plant protective agent fermentation liquid.
The plant protective agent fermentation liquor is used for preventing and controlling crop diseases and insect pests, increasing leaf functions and enhancing plant resistance.
Preferably, the specific steps of transplanting the codonopsis pilosula seedlings are as follows: planting codonopsis pilosula seedlings according to the row spacing of 25-30 cm and the plant spacing of 8-10 cm, wherein 2 plants are planted in each hole.
Is favorable for cultivating strong seedlings and improving the quality of the seedlings.
The beneficial effect that this scheme produced is:
1. the radix codonopsis seeds in sandy soil are watered, the drought resistance of the seeds is enhanced, and the emergence rate of the radix codonopsis seeds is improved.
2. The plant protective agent fermentation liquor is used for preventing and controlling crop diseases and insect pests, increasing the leaf function of codonopsis pilosula seedlings, enhancing the plant resistance of codonopsis pilosula seedlings and killing germs and insect pests; in addition, the codonopsis pilosula seedlings are fertilized by farmyard organic fertilizer, pungent smell is avoided, pesticide residues and medicine residues are degraded, and fertilizer efficiency is improved, so that the emergence rate of codonopsis pilosula seeds is improved.
Detailed Description
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in detail. The following examples are merely for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and therefore are only examples, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
The first embodiment is as follows:
a method for organically growing seedlings of codonopsis pilosula comprises the following steps:
step one, soil preparation: selecting sandy loam with deep soil layer and good drainage, wherein the selected previous crop of the sandy loam is a gramineous crop. In the embodiment, 3000kg of harmless decomposed farmyard manure is applied to each mu of land as a base fertilizer when the land is prepared in autumn and the sandy soil is deeply ploughed by 30 cm.
Before seedling culture in the next spring, the sandy soil is mixed and broadcast with the bio-organic fertilizer, the farmyard organic fertilizer and the soil purifying agent. Specifically, the soil purifying agent is mixed with 50kg of fine soil uniformly according to 10kg per mu, then the mixture is uniformly spread on the ground surface, and then the rotary tillage is carried out for 20cm by a machine. After the soil is firstly subjected to rotary tillage once, uniformly mixing the biological organic fertilizer with the farmyard organic fertilizer and the soil purifying agent according to the dosage of 120 kg/mu per mu, and then carrying out rotary tillage.
And then, ploughing, raking and ridging the sandy soil, and making a seedbed with the height of 15cm and the width of 150cm according to the terrain, and leveling the surface of the seedbed.
The preparation method of the farmyard organic fertilizer comprises the following specific steps:
500kg of organic fertilizer is mixed with 300kg of crushed plant straws, wherein the plant straws are required to have no grass seeds and the crushing length is 3 cm. Adding 5kg of Sanan biological fertilizer, stirring uniformly to form a stack, and stacking and fermenting for 2 days.
Turning over the stack when the temperature of the stack is not lower than 60 ℃, and in the embodiment, turning over the stack for 3 times when the temperature reaches 65 ℃. And stacking the mixture in a fermentation period, and when the temperature of the stack is not lower than 50 ℃ and the accumulation lasts for 5 days, preparing the farmyard organic fertilizer.
Wherein the stacking proportion of the stacks is the stack width, the stack height and the stack length =1.5m:1.5m:5.0m, and a transparent agricultural film is covered on the stacking body during the composting fermentation in winter, so as to be beneficial to heating, heat preservation and moisture preservation. When the temperature of the reactor is not lower than 50 ℃ and the accumulation lasts for 5 days, the farmyard organic fertilizer is prepared. The fermented organic fertilizer has white hypha, loose and no pungent smell.
Step two, sowing: selecting seeds for growing the seedlings of the codonopsis pilosula, uniformly sowing the seeds on a seedbed, and compacting the seeds after sowing. Specifically, seeds with the germination rate of 85% are selected, and the seeds are uniformly sown according to 5 kilograms per mu of land. After seeding, the seed is pressed by a rotatable round tool, so that the seed and the soil are fully combined, and the Gong surface is as flat as possible.
Step three, drip irrigation and paving: drip irrigation system lays along the seedbed, and the water dropper among the drip irrigation system is up, and the interval between two water droppers is 30cm to drip irrigation the codonopsis pilosula, the last fertilizer injection unit that installs of drip irrigation system fertilizies to the codonopsis pilosula.
Wherein, fertilizer injection unit generally is differential fertilization jar or venturi fertilizer applicator, and fertilizer injection unit's volume is confirmed according to the fertigation area, generally is not less than 15 liters, and fertilizer injection unit adopts dark colored barrel to avoid ultraviolet irradiation to produce algae jam drip irrigation system. The valve of the fertilizer applying device is closed during irrigation, the control valve of the branch pipe in the drip irrigation system is completely opened, and when irrigation is finished, power is cut off first, and then the control valve is closed immediately. The drip irrigation wetting depth is typically 30 cm.
Step four, covering the sunshade net: and (3) shading the seedbed by using a shading net with a shading rate of 75%, wherein the height of the shading net from the seedbed is 20 cm. The sunshade net is supported and fixed by the bamboo poles, and iron wires are selected to bind the sunshade net firmly, so that the windproof effect is achieved.
Step five, seedbed management: artificial weeding is adopted for a seedbed, when the codonopsis pilosula grows to be 10cm high after the seedlings grow out, a shading net is removed on a cloudy day, 2 thousandth of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is sprayed to every 667 square meters of the leaf surfaces of the codonopsis pilosula seedlings, and the leaf surfaces of the codonopsis pilosula seedlings are sprayed, so that sound seedlings of the codonopsis pilosula seedlings are realized. In the embodiment, the use of herbicide is forbidden, and watering is carried out in time when the seedbed soil is dry; and paying attention to drainage in rainy season. Cutting off aerial parts after the aerial parts are withered and yellow in autumn.
Step six, pest control: the codonopsis pilosula is sprayed once every 10 days by using the plant protective agent fermentation liquor, and 20 days before the transplantation of the codonopsis pilosula seedlings, the plant protective agent fermentation liquor is sprayed, so that the cultivation of strong seedlings is facilitated, and the quality of the codonopsis pilosula seedlings is improved.
Specifically, the preparation method of the plant protective agent fermentation liquor comprises the following steps: adding 50kg of water into 1.5kg of the plant protective agent per mu each time, fermenting for 48 hours at 35 ℃, stirring once for 6 hours, bubbling the fermented liquid surface and smelling slightly sour, and taking supernatant to obtain the plant protective agent fermentation liquid.
Seventhly, transplanting seedlings: and applying farmyard organic fertilizer to the codonopsis pilosula seedlings 30 days before the codonopsis pilosula seedlings are transplanted, and transplanting the codonopsis pilosula seedlings before the codonopsis pilosula seedlings germinate.
Specifically, the specific method for transplanting the codonopsis pilosula seedlings comprises the following steps: transplanting the seedlings of the codonopsis pilosula 2 plants per hole at a row spacing of 28 cm and a plant spacing of 9 cm before sprouting in spring of the next year.
The method for organically growing the codonopsis pilosula seedlings is characterized in that codonopsis pilosula seeds are sown on a seedbed formed by raking and ridging sandy soil, the soil quality is loose, air and water are ventilated, the sowing efficiency of the codonopsis pilosula seeds is improved, and the transplanting of codonopsis pilosula seedlings is quicker. By adopting a drip irrigation system, the codonopsis pilosula seeds in sandy loam are watered, the drought resistance of the seeds is enhanced, and the emergence rate of the codonopsis pilosula seeds is improved. The plant protective agent fermentation liquor is used for preventing and controlling crop diseases and insect pests, increasing the leaf function of codonopsis pilosula seedlings, enhancing the plant resistance of codonopsis pilosula seedlings and killing germs and insect pests; and the fertilizer efficiency is improved by fertilizing the codonopsis pilosula seedlings through farmyard organic fertilizer, so that the emergence rate of the codonopsis pilosula seeds is improved.
Example two
A method for organically growing seedlings of codonopsis pilosula comprises the following steps:
step one, soil preparation: selecting sandy loam with deep soil layer and good drainage, wherein the selected previous crops in the sandy loam are leguminous crops. In the embodiment, 4000kg of harmless decomposed farmyard manure is applied to each mu of land as base fertilizer when the land is prepared in autumn and the sandy soil is deeply ploughed by 35 cm.
Before seedling culture in the next spring, the sandy soil is mixed and broadcast with the bio-organic fertilizer, the farmyard organic fertilizer and the soil purifying agent. Specifically, the soil purifying agent is mixed with 50kg of fine soil uniformly according to 10kg per mu, then the mixture is uniformly spread on the ground surface, and then the rotary tillage is carried out for 20cm by a machine. After the soil is firstly subjected to rotary tillage once, uniformly mixing the biological organic fertilizer with farmyard organic fertilizer and soil purifying agent according to the dosage of 80 kg/mu per mu, and then carrying out rotary tillage.
And then, ploughing, raking and ridging the sandy soil, and making a seedbed with the height of 10cm and the width of 120cm according to the terrain, and leveling the surface of the seedbed.
The preparation method of the farmyard organic fertilizer comprises the following specific steps:
mixing 4 cubes of livestock and poultry excrement with 300kg of crushed plant straws, wherein the plant straws are required to have no grass seeds and have the crushed length of 3 cm. Adding 6kg of Sanan biological fertilizer, stirring uniformly to form a stack, and stacking and fermenting for 3 days. When the temperature reaches 66 ℃, turning over the stack for 2 times. The feces of livestock and poultry are required to contain 60% of water, and are clewed into a ball by hand and loosened after being loosened. The water content cannot be too high. And stacking the mixture in a fermentation period, and when the temperature of the stack is not lower than 50 ℃ and the accumulation lasts for 5 days, preparing the farmyard organic fertilizer.
Wherein the stacking proportion of the stacks is the stack width, the stack height and the stack length =1.8 m: 1.6 m: 5.5m, and the stacks are covered with transparent agricultural films for warming, heat preservation and moisture preservation when composting and fermenting in winter. When the temperature of the reactor is not lower than 50 ℃ and the accumulation lasts for 5 days, the farmyard organic fertilizer is prepared. The fermented organic fertilizer has white hypha, loose and no pungent smell.
Step two, sowing: selecting seeds for growing the seedlings of the codonopsis pilosula, uniformly sowing the seeds on a seedbed, and compacting the seeds after sowing. Specifically, seeds with a germination rate of 94% are selected, and the seeds are uniformly sown according to 3 kilograms per mu of land. After seeding, the seed is pressed by a rotatable round tool, so that the seed and the soil are fully combined, and the Gong surface is as flat as possible.
Step three, drip irrigation and paving: drip irrigation system lays along the seedbed, and the water dropper among the drip irrigation system is up, and the interval between two water droppers is 30cm to drip irrigation the codonopsis pilosula, the last fertilizer injection unit that installs of drip irrigation system fertilizies to the codonopsis pilosula.
Wherein, fertilizer injection unit generally is differential fertilization jar or venturi fertilizer applicator, and fertilizer injection unit's volume is confirmed according to the fertigation area, generally is not less than 15 liters, and fertilizer injection unit adopts dark colored barrel to avoid ultraviolet irradiation to produce algae jam drip irrigation system. The valve of the fertilizer applying device is closed during irrigation, the control valve of the branch pipe in the drip irrigation system is completely opened, and when irrigation is finished, power is cut off first, and then the control valve is closed immediately. The drip irrigation wetting depth is typically 30 cm.
Step four, covering the sunshade net: and (3) shading the seedbed by using a shading net with a shading rate of 75%, wherein the height of the shading net from the seedbed is 20 cm. The sunshade net is supported and fixed by the bamboo poles, and iron wires are selected to bind the sunshade net firmly, so that the windproof effect is achieved.
Step five, seedbed management: the seedbed adopts artificial weeding, when the codonopsis pilosula grows to be 10cm high after the seedlings grow out, the sunshade net is removed in cloudy days, 1 thousandth of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is sprayed to every 700 square meters on the leaf surfaces of the codonopsis pilosula seedlings, and the leaves of the codonopsis pilosula seedlings are sprayed, so that sound seedlings of the codonopsis pilosula seedlings are realized. In the embodiment, the use of herbicide is forbidden, and watering is carried out in time when the seedbed soil is dry; and paying attention to drainage in rainy season. Cutting off aerial parts after the aerial parts are withered and yellow in autumn.
Step six, pest control: the codonopsis pilosula is sprayed once every 10 days by using the plant protective agent fermentation liquor, and 20 days before the transplantation of the codonopsis pilosula seedlings, the plant protective agent fermentation liquor is sprayed, so that the cultivation of strong seedlings is facilitated, and the quality of the codonopsis pilosula seedlings is improved.
Specifically, the preparation method of the plant protective agent fermentation liquor comprises the following steps: adding 50kg of water into 1.2kg of the plant protective agent per mu each time, fermenting for 30 hours at 25 ℃, stirring once for 5 hours, bubbling the fermentation liquid surface and smelling slightly sour, and obtaining supernatant fluid, namely the plant protective agent fermentation liquid.
Seventhly, transplanting seedlings: applying farmyard organic fertilizer to the codonopsis pilosula seedlings 20 days before the codonopsis pilosula seedlings are transplanted, and transplanting the codonopsis pilosula seedlings before the codonopsis pilosula seedlings germinate.
Specifically, the specific method for transplanting the codonopsis pilosula seedlings comprises the following steps: transplanting the seedlings of the codonopsis pilosula before sprouting in spring of the next year, wherein the codonopsis pilosula seedlings are planted according to the row spacing of 25 cm and the plant spacing of 8 cm, and 2 plants are planted in each hole.
EXAMPLE III
A method for organically growing seedlings of codonopsis pilosula comprises the following steps:
step one, soil preparation: selecting sandy loam with deep soil layer and good drainage, wherein the selected previous crops in the sandy loam are leguminous crops. In this example, 3500kg of harmless decomposed farmyard manure was applied per mu as a base fertilizer when soil preparation was performed in autumn and soil preparation was performed by deep ploughing 40cm into sandy soil.
Before seedling culture in the next spring, the sandy soil is mixed and broadcast with the bio-organic fertilizer, the farmyard organic fertilizer and the soil purifying agent. Specifically, the soil purifying agent is mixed with 50kg of fine soil uniformly according to 10kg per mu, then the mixture is uniformly spread on the ground surface, and then the rotary tillage is carried out for 20cm by a machine. After the soil is firstly subjected to rotary tillage once, uniformly mixing the bio-organic fertilizer with the farmyard organic fertilizer and the soil purifying agent according to the dosage of 100 kg/mu per mu, and then carrying out rotary tillage.
And then, ploughing, raking and ridging the sandy soil, and making a seedbed with the height of 12cm and the width of 140cm according to the terrain, and leveling the surface of the seedbed.
The preparation method of the farmyard organic fertilizer comprises the following specific steps:
3.5 cubes of livestock and poultry manure is mixed with 300kg of crushed plant straws, wherein the plant straws are required to have no grass seeds and the crushing length is 3 cm. Adding 8kg of Sanan biological fertilizer, stirring uniformly to form a stack, and stacking and fermenting for 3 days. When the temperature reaches about 65 ℃, turning over the stack for 3 times. The feces of livestock and poultry are required to contain 60% of water, and are clewed into a ball by hand and loosened after being loosened. The water content cannot be too high.
And turning over the stack when the temperature of the stack is not lower than 60 ℃, and preparing the farmyard organic fertilizer when the stack temperature is not lower than 50 ℃ and the accumulation lasts for 5 days during the fermentation period.
Wherein the stacking proportion of the stacks is the stack width, the stack height and the stack length =2m:2m:7.0m, and a transparent agricultural film is covered on the stacking body during the composting fermentation in winter, so as to facilitate the heating, the heat preservation and the moisture preservation. When the temperature of the reactor is not lower than 50 ℃ and the accumulation lasts for 5 days, the farmyard organic fertilizer is prepared. The fermented organic fertilizer has white hypha, loose and no pungent smell.
Step two, sowing: selecting seeds for growing the seedlings of the codonopsis pilosula, uniformly sowing the seeds on a seedbed, and compacting the seeds after sowing. Specifically, seeds with the germination rate of 96% are selected, and the seeds are uniformly sown according to 4 kilograms per mu of land. After seeding, the seed is pressed by a rotatable round tool, so that the seed and the soil are fully combined, and the Gong surface is as flat as possible.
Step three, drip irrigation and paving: drip irrigation system lays along the seedbed, and the water dropper among the drip irrigation system is up, and the interval between two water droppers is 30cm to drip irrigation the codonopsis pilosula, the last fertilizer injection unit that installs of drip irrigation system fertilizies to the codonopsis pilosula.
Wherein, fertilizer injection unit generally is differential fertilization jar or venturi fertilizer applicator, and fertilizer injection unit's volume is confirmed according to the fertigation area, generally is not less than 15 liters, and fertilizer injection unit adopts dark colored barrel to avoid ultraviolet irradiation to produce algae jam drip irrigation system. The valve of the fertilizer applying device is closed during irrigation, the control valve of the branch pipe in the drip irrigation system is completely opened, and when irrigation is finished, power is cut off first, and then the control valve is closed immediately. The drip irrigation wetting depth is typically 30 cm.
Step four, covering the sunshade net: and (3) shading the seedbed by using a shading net with a shading rate of 75%, wherein the height of the shading net from the seedbed is 20 cm. The sunshade net is supported and fixed by the bamboo poles, and iron wires are selected to bind the sunshade net firmly, so that the windproof effect is achieved.
Step five, seedbed management: artificial weeding is adopted for a seedbed, when the codonopsis pilosula grows to be 10cm high after the seedlings grow out, a shading net is removed on a cloudy day, 1.5 per thousand potassium dihydrogen phosphate is sprayed to the leaf surfaces of the codonopsis pilosula seedlings every 667 square meters, and the codonopsis pilosula seedlings are sprayed to the leaf surfaces of the codonopsis pilosula seedlings, so that sound seedlings of the codonopsis pilosula seedlings are realized. In the embodiment, the use of herbicide is forbidden, and watering is carried out in time when the seedbed soil is dry; and paying attention to drainage in rainy season. Cutting off aerial parts after the aerial parts are withered and yellow in autumn.
Step six, pest control: the codonopsis pilosula is sprayed once every 15 days by using the plant protective agent fermentation liquor, and the codonopsis pilosula is sprayed by using the plant protective agent fermentation liquor 25 days before the transplantation of the codonopsis pilosula seedlings, so that the cultivation of strong seedlings is facilitated, and the quality of the codonopsis pilosula seedlings is improved.
Specifically, the preparation method of the plant protective agent fermentation liquor comprises the following steps: adding 50kg of water into 1.2kg of the plant protective agent per mu each time, fermenting for 24 hours at 30 ℃, stirring once for 5 hours, bubbling the fermented liquid surface and smelling slightly sour, and taking supernatant to obtain the plant protective agent fermentation liquid.
Seventhly, transplanting seedlings: applying farmyard organic fertilizer to the codonopsis pilosula seedlings 15 days before the codonopsis pilosula seedlings are transplanted, and transplanting the codonopsis pilosula seedlings before the codonopsis pilosula seedlings germinate.
Specifically, the specific method for transplanting the codonopsis pilosula seedlings comprises the following steps: transplanting the seedlings of the codonopsis pilosula before sprouting in spring of the next year, wherein the codonopsis pilosula seedlings are planted according to the row spacing of 30cm and the plant spacing of 10cm, and 2 plants are planted in each hole.
According to the method, the codonopsis pilosula seeds are sown on the seedbed of the sandy soil land raking and ridging, the soil quality is loose, the air and water are ventilated, the sowing efficiency of the codonopsis pilosula seeds is improved, and the transplanting of the codonopsis pilosula seedlings is quicker. By adopting the drip irrigation system, the codonopsis pilosula seeds in sandy loam are watered, the drought resistance of the seeds is enhanced, the water consumption is less, and the emergence rate of the codonopsis pilosula seeds is improved.
The plant protective agent fermentation liquor is used for preventing and controlling crop diseases and insect pests, increasing the leaf function of codonopsis pilosula seedlings, enhancing the plant resistance of codonopsis pilosula seedlings and killing germs and insect pests; reduces the plant diseases and insect pests of the codonopsis pilosula seedlings, and ensures that the production cost of the codonopsis pilosula is lower.
In addition, the codonopsis pilosula seedlings are fertilized by farmyard organic fertilizer, pungent smell is avoided, pesticide residues and medicine residues are degraded, and fertilizer efficiency is improved, so that the emergence rate of codonopsis pilosula seeds is improved, and the acre yield of codonopsis pilosula is improved.
| (Mode) | Using water/yuan/mu | Fertilizer application/yuan/mu | Production cost | Fresh weight per mu/kg | |
| Comparative example 1 | Conventional seedling raising | 500 | 600 | 3500 | 400 |
| Example 1 | Drip irrigation seedling raising | 300 | 500 | 3000 | 500 |
| Example 2 | Drip irrigation seedling raising | 280 | 480 | 2600 | 520 |
| Example 3 | Drip irrigation seedling raising | 310 | 520 | 3200 | 600 |
Watch 1
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and they should be construed as being included in the following claims and description.
Claims (10)
1. An organic seedling raising method for codonopsis pilosula is characterized by comprising the following steps:
land preparation: selecting a sandy soil to apply a base fertilizer, mixing and broadcasting the sandy soil by using a biological organic fertilizer, a farmyard organic fertilizer and a soil purifying agent, and then ploughing, raking and ridging the sandy soil to form a seedbed;
sowing: selecting seeds for growing the seedlings of the codonopsis pilosula, uniformly sowing the seeds on the seedbed, and compacting the seeds after sowing;
drip irrigation and laying: a drip irrigation system is laid along the seedbed, a dripper in the drip irrigation system carries out drip irrigation on the codonopsis pilosula, and a fertilizing device is arranged on the drip irrigation system to fertilize the codonopsis pilosula;
covering with a sunshade net: shading the seedbed by using a shading net, wherein the height of the shading net from the seedbed is 20-30 cm;
seedbed management: artificial weeding is adopted on a seedbed, after the codonopsis pilosula seedlings grow out, the sunshade net is removed, and 1-2 thousandth of monopotassium phosphate is sprayed on the leaf surfaces of the codonopsis pilosula seedlings;
and (3) pest control: spraying the codonopsis pilosula once every 10-15 days by using the plant protective agent fermentation liquor, and spraying the codonopsis pilosula fermentation liquor 20-25 days before transplanting seedlings;
transplanting seedlings: applying farmyard organic fertilizer to the codonopsis pilosula seedlings 15-30 days before the codonopsis pilosula seedlings are transplanted, and transplanting the codonopsis pilosula seedlings before the codonopsis pilosula seedlings germinate.
2. The method for raising seedlings of codonopsis pilosula in an organic mode according to claim 1, wherein the selected previous crop in sandy soil is a gramineous or leguminous crop.
3. The method for organically growing seedlings of codonopsis pilosula according to claim 1, wherein the base fertilizer is a harmless decomposed farmyard manure, and the base fertilizer is applied by the following steps:
the base fertilizer is applied to 3000kg-4000kg per mu in the process of deep ploughing of sandy soil by 30cm-40 cm.
4. The method for organically growing seedlings of codonopsis pilosula according to claim 1, wherein the amount of the mixed fertilizer application of the farmyard organic fertilizer and the soil purifying agent is 80kg-120kg per mu.
5. The method for organically growing seedlings of codonopsis pilosula according to claim 1, wherein the height of the seedbed is 10cm to 15cm, and the width of the seedbed is 120cm to 150 cm.
6. The method for organically growing seedlings of codonopsis pilosula according to claim 1, wherein the specific preparation steps of the farmyard organic fertilizer are as follows:
mixing 500kg of organic fertilizer or 3-4 cubes of livestock and poultry excrement with 300kg of crushed plant straws, adding 5-8kg of biological fertilizer-making elements, uniformly stirring to form a stack, and stacking and fermenting for 2-3 days;
and turning over the stack when the temperature of the stack is not lower than 60 ℃, and preparing the farmyard organic fertilizer when the stack temperature is not lower than 50 ℃ and the accumulation lasts for 5 days during the fermentation period.
7. The method for organically growing codonopsis pilosula seedlings according to claim 6, wherein the stacking proportion of the stacks is stack width to stack height to stack length = 1.5-2.0 m to 0.8-1.5 m to at least 5.0m, and a transparent agricultural film is covered on a stacking body during composting fermentation in winter.
8. The method for raising codonopsis pilosula seedlings organically according to claim 1, wherein the germination rate of the seeds is not less than 85%, and the seeds are uniformly sown in 3-5 kg per mu of land.
9. The method for organically growing seedlings of codonopsis pilosula according to claim 1, wherein the specific preparation steps of the plant protectant fermentation broth are as follows:
adding 50kg of water into 1-1.5kg of the plant protective agent per mu each time, fermenting for 24-48 hours at 20-35 ℃, stirring once for 4-6 hours, foaming the fermented liquid surface and smelling slightly sour, and taking supernatant to obtain the plant protective agent fermentation liquid.
10. The method for organically growing seedlings of codonopsis pilosula according to claim 1, wherein the specific steps of transplanting codonopsis pilosula seedlings are as follows: planting codonopsis pilosula seedlings according to the row spacing of 25-30 cm and the plant spacing of 8-10 cm, wherein 2 plants are planted in each hole.
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