CN113179895A - Carrot selenium-enrichment quality-improving cultivation method - Google Patents
Carrot selenium-enrichment quality-improving cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
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Abstract
The invention discloses a selenium-rich quality-improving carrot cultivation method, which comprises the following steps: s1, seed selection: selecting disease-free carrot seeds; s2, selecting a planting field: selecting a place which is loose in soil, rich in organic matters and has a pH value of 5.5-7.8; s3, preparing a selenium-rich fertilizer: feeding livestock with selenium-rich feed, and storing feces and liquid dung produced by the livestock after classified collection and processing; s4, land preparation and fertilization: deeply ploughing soil of a carrot planting field before sowing, and scattering processed excrement; s5, sowing seeds at proper time; s6, moisture management: watering with a water source doped with the liquid dung in the S3; s7, topdressing and weeding: regularly topdressing and weeding; s8, pest control: adopting a plant protection policy of 'prevention is the main and comprehensive prevention'; and S9, harvesting. The invention not only effectively improves the selenium-rich content of the carrots, but also effectively improves the planting yield of the carrots, and has good taste, rich nutritional value and good quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural cultivation, in particular to a cultivation method for selenium enrichment and quality improvement of carrots.
Background
Carrot is a variant of wild carrot of genus Daucus, belonging to family Umbelliferae, and is a plant of annual or biennial origin. Thick root, long cone, orange red or yellow; the stem is upright, the height can reach 90 cm, and the stem is multi-branched; the blade has long handle, feather-shaped compound blade, split linear or needle-shaped shape, and sharp tip; expanding the base of the petiole to form a leaf sheath; repeating umbelliform inflorescences; the inflorescence peduncle is provided with rough bristles; most of the bracts are leaf-shaped, and the umbrella spokes at the outer edge of the fruiting period are bent inwards; flowers are usually white, sometimes with a pale red color; the flower stalks are not equal in length; the root is used as vegetable, and contains multiple vitamins A, B, C and carotene.
Selenium is a trace element necessary for human bodies, and has the functions of removing free radicals, resisting tumors and oxidation, prolonging the service life and improving the immunity of the human bodies, because of the important function of selenium, the selenium-rich product is widely used in the planting industry, and the selenium-rich carrot is better than the common carrot in taste, water content, nutritional value and quality, but the selenium-rich carrot in the prior art has less selenium content and low cultivation yield, so that the carrot has low yield and poor quality.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a selenium-rich quality-improving carrot cultivation method to solve the technical problems.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a selenium-rich quality-improving carrot cultivation method comprises the following steps:
s1, seed selection: selecting carrot seeds which are free from diseases and insect pests, full in grains, high in budding rate, high in yield and high in quality;
s2, selecting a planting field: selecting the place with loose soil, deep soil layer, fertile soil, convenient drainage and irrigation, rich organic matter, sufficient illumination and soil pH value of 5.5-7.8;
s3, preparing a selenium-rich fertilizer: feeding livestock with selenium-rich feed, and storing feces and liquid dung produced by the livestock after classified collection and processing;
s4, land preparation and fertilization: before sowing, deeply turning over the soil of the carrot planting field, turning over the soil at the bottom layer to the ground surface, uniformly spreading, turning over once every 2-3 days for 3-5 times, and then scattering the processed excrement;
s5, timely sowing: the spring sowing time is from 1 late ten days to 3 middle ten days of the month, and the autumn sowing time is from 7 months to 8 middle ten days of the month;
s6, moisture management: watering by using a water source doped with the liquid dung in the S3 to keep the soil moist;
s7, topdressing and weeding: regularly topdressing, namely drying and grinding the excrement in S3 into powder, then scattering the powder, and regularly weeding;
s8, pest control: adopting a plant protection policy of 'prevention is the main and comprehensive prevention';
s9, harvesting: harvesting the carrots in time after the carrots grow.
Preferably, before planting, the carrot seeds are aired for 8-12 hours in the sun in sunny days, soaked in warm water for 8-9 hours after airing, fished out and uniformly mixed with sand, the sand is sterilized in advance, sprayed with a hundred bacteria solution and aired to form sand, and therefore the dryness and humidity of the carrot seeds are guaranteed.
Preferably, the preparation method of the selenium-enriched feed in S3 comprises the following steps: fully mixing the organic selenium and the animal feed, then adding water, continuously stirring to fully stir the organic selenium and the animal feed, removing the water by a drying technology after stirring is finished, and drying the selenium-containing animal feed to a wet state.
Preferably, the collecting, processing and treating method in S3 includes: the animal excrement is smashed, the animal excrement is put into a closed environment after a proper amount of organic selenium is added, germs in the excrement are killed by ultraviolet irradiation, the excrement is synchronously stirred during irradiation, the excrement can be fully irradiated, meanwhile, the animal excrement and the organic selenium are conveniently mixed and fused fully, and the temperature of the closed environment rises due to continuous irradiation, so that the excrement is better fermented.
Preferably, when sowing is carried out in S5, ridging is carried out on uniformly ploughed soil in a dibbling mode, the distance between every two adjacent ridging piles is kept at 20-30cm, then manual ditching is carried out on the top ends of the ridging piles, the ditching depth is 3-5cm, the distance between every two adjacent ditches is kept at 8-10cm, and the manual ditching is irrigated by using liquid dung in S3, so that the soil ditching position keeps a moist environment, 2-3 carrot seeds are placed in the soil, after the seeds are placed in the soil, fine soil is used for earthing, and a sprayer is used for spraying water above the earthing soil to keep the earthing soil in a moist state.
Preferably, when the water source containing the fecal sewage is used for irrigation in the S6, the water source needs to be disinfected in advance.
Preferably, the top dressing in S7 is divided into three top dressing periods, including the following steps:
a. in the sprouting period, mixing the dried powder with soil, uniformly scattering the mixture around carrot seedlings, and pulling out the grass and grass buds around the carrot seedlings;
b. in the seedling emergence stage, the grass is removed, then the selenium-rich excrement dry powder is uniformly scattered into the ground, and the selenium-rich liquid manure is adopted for irrigation, wherein the irrigation is preferably ground surface wetting;
c. detecting the selenium content in the soil by about 15cm high of seedlings, supplementing selenium according to the selenium content in the soil, uniformly mixing the selenium-rich excrement dry powder with an organic selenium fertilizer, uniformly scattering the mixture into the soil, and irrigating by using selenium-rich liquid dung, wherein the irrigation is preferably performed by water permeating into the ground by about 5-8 cm;
preferably, biological control and chemical control are combined in S8, 2800-3000 times of liquid spray of 5% Taibao restraining emulsifiable solution and 500 times of liquid spray of 2.5% vegetable preference are alternately used for chemical pest control, pest control can be effectively achieved, and a sprayer is used for spraying mist during spraying.
Preferably, in S9, after harvesting, the selenium content of each mu of carrot is sampled and detected, and the average value is calculated, and the carrot is classified according to the average value of the selenium content of each mu of carrot.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, selenium-rich fertilizer is prepared, selenium-rich feed is adopted to feed livestock, excrement produced by the livestock is irradiated by ultraviolet rays to kill germs in the excrement, organic selenium is added into the excrement and continuously stirred to be fully fused with the excrement and dried, the excrement rich in selenium is used during topdressing in soil preparation and planting, during topdressing, selenium-rich liquid manure is adopted to perform topdressing operation, and natural fertilizer is adopted to perform selenium supplement operation in the whole process, so that selenium-rich high-quality cultivation is effectively achieved, and the selenium-rich fertilizer is also suitable for cultivation of other selenium-rich plants and is beneficial to popularization;
2. according to the method, the carrot seedling root hairs are effectively prevented from being concentrated in one area by a ridging and dibbling mode during cultivation, a certain space and distance are provided, and the carrot root hairs can better absorb nutrients in soil;
3. before planting carrot seeds, the aired carrot seeds are soaked in warm water, and are uniformly mixed with sand after being fished out, the sand is sterilized in advance, and is sprayed with a hundred-bacteria liquid and aired to form sand, so that the dryness and humidity of the carrot seeds are ensured, the budding rate of the carrot seeds is facilitated, the yield is improved, and meanwhile, the insect prevention effect is achieved;
4. the invention not only is beneficial to increasing the selenium-rich planting operation of the carrots, but also is beneficial to the yield improvement operation of the carrots in the cultivation by reasonably performing topdressing and irrigation operations at the sprouting stage, the seedling stage and the seedling stage of the carrots.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to specific embodiments for the purpose of facilitating an understanding of technical means, characteristics of creation, objectives and functions realized by the present invention, but the following embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to be exhaustive. Based on the embodiments in the implementation, other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without any creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
The following are specific examples of the present invention.
Example 1
A selenium-rich quality-improving carrot cultivation method comprises the following steps:
s1, seed selection: selecting carrot seeds which are free from diseases and insect pests, full in grains, high in budding rate, high in yield and high in quality;
s2, selecting a planting field: selecting the place with loose soil, deep soil layer, fertile soil, convenient drainage and irrigation, rich organic matter, sufficient illumination and soil pH value of 5.5-7.8;
s3, preparing a selenium-rich fertilizer: feeding livestock with selenium-rich feed, and storing feces and liquid dung produced by the livestock after classified collection and processing;
s4, land preparation and fertilization: before sowing, deeply turning over the soil of the carrot planting field, turning over the soil at the bottom layer to the ground surface, uniformly spreading, turning over once every 2-3 days for 3-5 times, and then scattering the processed excrement;
s5, timely sowing: the method comprises the steps of firstly carrying out ridging operation on uniformly ploughed soil in the late spring ten days to the middle 3 months and autumn sowing time from the beginning of 7 months to the middle 8 months in a dibbling mode, carrying out artificial ditching at the top end of a ridging pile by adopting a ridging mode, wherein ditching depth is 3-5cm, the distance between adjacent ditches is 8-10cm, irrigating the artificial ditching by adopting liquid dung in S3, enabling the ditching position of the soil to keep a moist environment, putting 2-3 carrot seeds into the ditch, covering the soil with fine soil after putting the seeds into the ditch, and spraying water above the covering soil by adopting a sprayer to keep the covering soil in a moist state.
S6, moisture management: and (3) irrigating by using a water source doped with the liquid dung in the S3 to keep the soil moist, and when irrigating by using the water source containing the liquid dung in the S6, disinfecting the water source in advance.
S7, topdressing and weeding: regularly topdressing, namely drying and grinding the excrement in S3 into powder, then scattering the powder, and regularly weeding;
s8, pest control: adopting a plant protection policy of 'prevention is the main and comprehensive prevention';
s9, harvesting: harvesting carrots in time after the carrots grow, sampling and detecting the selenium content of each mu of carrots after harvesting, calculating the average value, and grading according to the average value of the selenium content of each mu of carrots.
Before planting, the carrot seeds are aired for 8-12 hours in the sun in sunny days, soaked in warm water for 8-9 hours after airing, fished out and uniformly mixed with sandy soil, the sandy soil is sterilized in advance and sprayed with a hundred bacteria solution, and the carrot seeds are aired to form sand so as to ensure the dryness and humidity of the carrot seeds.
The preparation method of the selenium-rich feed in the S3 comprises the following steps: fully mixing organic selenium and animal feed, then adding water, stirring continuously to fully stir the organic selenium and the animal feed, removing water by a drying technology after stirring is finished, and drying the selenium-containing animal feed to a wet state; the collecting and processing method in the S3 comprises the following steps: the animal excrement is smashed, the animal excrement is put into a closed environment after a proper amount of organic selenium is added, germs in the excrement are killed by ultraviolet irradiation, the excrement is synchronously stirred during irradiation, the excrement can be fully irradiated, meanwhile, the animal excrement and the organic selenium are conveniently mixed and fused fully, and the temperature of the closed environment rises due to continuous irradiation, so that the excrement is better fermented.
The top dressing in S7 is divided into three top dressing periods, which comprises the following steps:
a. in the sprouting period, mixing the dried powder with soil, uniformly scattering the mixture around carrot seedlings, and pulling out the grass and grass buds around the carrot seedlings;
b. in the seedling emergence stage, the grass is removed, then the selenium-rich excrement dry powder is uniformly scattered into the ground, and the selenium-rich liquid manure is adopted for irrigation, wherein the irrigation is preferably ground surface wetting;
c. detecting the selenium content in the soil by about 15cm high of seedlings, supplementing selenium according to the selenium content in the soil, uniformly mixing the selenium-rich excrement dry powder with an organic selenium fertilizer, uniformly scattering the mixture into the soil, and irrigating by using selenium-rich liquid dung, wherein the irrigation is preferably performed by water permeating into the ground by about 5-8 cm;
s8 combines biological control and chemical control, chemical pest control is carried out by alternately spraying 2800-3000 times of 5% Taibao emulsifiable solution and 500 times of 2.5% vegetable pesticide, pest control can be effectively carried out, and a sprayer is adopted for spraying mist during pesticide spraying.
Example 2
A selenium-rich quality-improving carrot cultivation method comprises the following steps:
s1, seed selection: selecting carrot seeds which are free from diseases and insect pests, full in grains, high in budding rate, high in yield and high in quality;
s2, selecting a planting field: selecting the place with loose soil, deep soil layer, fertile soil, convenient drainage and irrigation, rich organic matter, sufficient illumination and soil pH value of 5.5-7.8;
s3, soil preparation: before sowing, deeply turning over the carrot planting land soil, turning over the soil at the bottom layer to the ground surface, uniformly spreading, turning over once every 2-3 days, and turning over for 3-5 times;
s4, timely sowing: the method comprises the steps of firstly carrying out ridging operation on uniformly ploughed soil in the late spring ten days to the middle 3 months and autumn sowing time from the beginning of 7 months to the middle 8 months in a dibble seeding mode, enabling the interval between every two adjacent ridging piles to be 20-30cm, then carrying out manual ditching at the top ends of the ridging piles, enabling the ditching depth to be 3-5cm, enabling the interval between every two adjacent ditches to be 8-10cm, putting 2-3 carrot seeds into the furrows, covering soil with fine soil, spraying water above the covering soil by using a sprayer, and keeping the covering soil in a wet state.
S5, moisture management: directly adopts water source for irrigation.
S6, topdressing and weeding: topdressing and weeding;
s7, pest control: adopting a plant protection policy of 'prevention is the main and comprehensive prevention';
s8, harvesting: harvesting the carrots in time after the carrots grow.
Before planting, the carrot seeds are aired for 8-12 hours in the sun in sunny days, soaked in warm water for 8-9 hours after airing, fished out and uniformly mixed with sandy soil, the sandy soil is sterilized in advance and sprayed with a hundred bacteria solution, and the carrot seeds are aired to form sand so as to ensure the dryness and humidity of the carrot seeds.
S7 combines biological control and chemical control, chemical pest control is carried out by alternately spraying 2800-3000 times of 5% Taibao emulsifiable solution and 500 times of 2.5% vegetable pesticide, pest control can be effectively carried out, and a sprayer is adopted for spraying mist during pesticide spraying.
Example 3
A selenium-rich quality-improving carrot cultivation method comprises the following steps:
s1, seed selection: common seeds;
s2, selecting a planting field: common land;
s3, preparing a selenium-rich fertilizer: feeding livestock with selenium-rich feed, and storing feces and liquid dung produced by the livestock after classified collection and processing;
s4, land preparation and fertilization: before sowing, deeply turning over the soil of the carrot planting field, turning over the soil at the bottom layer to the ground surface, uniformly spreading, turning over once every 2-3 days for 3-5 times, and then scattering the processed excrement;
s5, timely sowing: the method comprises the steps of firstly carrying out ridging operation on uniformly ploughed soil in the late spring ten days to the middle 3 months and autumn sowing time from the beginning of 7 months to the middle 8 months in a dibbling mode, carrying out artificial ditching at the top end of a ridging pile by adopting a ridging mode, wherein ditching depth is 3-5cm, the distance between adjacent ditches is 8-10cm, irrigating the artificial ditching by adopting liquid dung in S3, enabling the ditching position of the soil to keep a moist environment, putting 2-3 carrot seeds into the ditch, covering the soil with fine soil after putting the seeds into the ditch, and spraying water above the covering soil by adopting a sprayer to keep the covering soil in a moist state.
S6, moisture management: and (3) irrigating by using a water source doped with the liquid dung in the S3 to keep the soil moist, and when irrigating by using the water source containing the liquid dung in the S6, disinfecting the water source in advance.
S7, topdressing and weeding: regularly topdressing, namely drying and grinding the excrement in S3 into powder, then scattering the powder, and regularly weeding;
s8, pest control: adopting a plant protection policy of 'prevention is the main and comprehensive prevention';
s9, harvesting: harvesting carrots in time after the carrots grow, sampling and detecting the selenium content of each mu of carrots after harvesting, calculating the average value, and grading according to the average value of the selenium content of each mu of carrots.
Before planting, the carrot seeds are aired for 8-12 hours in the sun in sunny days, soaked in warm water for 8-9 hours after airing, fished out and uniformly mixed with sandy soil, the sandy soil is sterilized in advance and sprayed with a hundred bacteria solution, and the carrot seeds are aired to form sand so as to ensure the dryness and humidity of the carrot seeds.
The preparation method of the selenium-rich feed in the S3 comprises the following steps: fully mixing organic selenium and animal feed, then adding water, stirring continuously to fully stir the organic selenium and the animal feed, removing water by a drying technology after stirring is finished, and drying the selenium-containing animal feed to a wet state; the collecting and processing method in the S3 comprises the following steps: the animal excrement is smashed, the animal excrement is put into a closed environment after a proper amount of organic selenium is added, germs in the excrement are killed by ultraviolet irradiation, the excrement is synchronously stirred during irradiation, the excrement can be fully irradiated, meanwhile, the animal excrement and the organic selenium are conveniently mixed and fused fully, and the temperature of the closed environment rises due to continuous irradiation, so that the excrement is better fermented.
The top dressing in S7 is divided into three top dressing periods, which comprises the following steps:
a. in the sprouting period, mixing the dried powder with soil, uniformly scattering the mixture around carrot seedlings, and pulling out the grass and grass buds around the carrot seedlings;
b. in the seedling emergence stage, the grass is removed, then the selenium-rich excrement dry powder is uniformly scattered into the ground, and the selenium-rich liquid manure is adopted for irrigation, wherein the irrigation is preferably ground surface wetting;
c. detecting the selenium content in the soil by about 15cm high of seedlings, supplementing selenium according to the selenium content in the soil, uniformly mixing the selenium-rich excrement dry powder with an organic selenium fertilizer, uniformly scattering the mixture into the soil, and irrigating by using selenium-rich liquid dung, wherein the irrigation is preferably performed by water permeating into the ground by about 5-8 cm;
s8 combines biological control and chemical control, chemical pest control is carried out by alternately spraying 2800-3000 times of 5% Taibao emulsifiable solution and 500 times of 2.5% vegetable pesticide, pest control can be effectively carried out, and a sprayer is adopted for spraying mist during pesticide spraying.
Example 4
A selenium-rich quality-improving carrot cultivation method comprises the following steps:
s1, seed selection: selecting carrot seeds which are free from diseases and insect pests, full in grains, high in budding rate, high in yield and high in quality;
s2, selecting a planting field: selecting the place with loose soil, deep soil layer, fertile soil, convenient drainage and irrigation, rich organic matter, sufficient illumination and soil pH value of 5.5-7.8;
s3, preparing a selenium-rich fertilizer: feeding livestock with selenium-rich feed, and storing feces and liquid dung produced by the livestock after classified collection and processing;
s4, land preparation and fertilization: before sowing, deeply turning over the soil of the carrot planting field, turning over the soil at the bottom layer to the ground surface, uniformly spreading, turning over once every 2-3 days for 3-5 times, and then scattering the processed excrement;
s5, timely sowing: the method comprises the steps of firstly carrying out ridging operation on uniformly ploughed soil in the late spring ten days to the middle 3 months and autumn sowing time from the beginning of 7 months to the middle 8 months in a dibbling mode, carrying out artificial ditching at the top end of a ridging pile by adopting a ridging mode, wherein ditching depth is 3-5cm, the distance between adjacent ditches is 8-10cm, irrigating the artificial ditching by adopting liquid dung in S3, enabling the ditching position of the soil to keep a moist environment, putting 2-3 carrot seeds into the ditch, covering the soil with fine soil after putting the seeds into the ditch, and spraying water above the covering soil by adopting a sprayer to keep the covering soil in a moist state.
S6, moisture management: and (3) irrigating by using a water source doped with the liquid dung in the S3 to keep the soil moist, and when irrigating by using the water source containing the liquid dung in the S6, disinfecting the water source in advance.
S7, topdressing and weeding: regularly topdressing, namely drying and grinding the excrement in S3 into powder, then scattering the powder, and regularly weeding;
s8, pest control: adopting a plant protection policy of 'prevention is the main and comprehensive prevention';
s9, harvesting: harvesting carrots in time after the carrots grow, sampling and detecting the selenium content of each mu of carrots after harvesting, calculating the average value, and grading according to the average value of the selenium content of each mu of carrots.
The preparation method of the selenium-rich feed in the S3 comprises the following steps: fully mixing organic selenium and animal feed, then adding water, stirring continuously to fully stir the organic selenium and the animal feed, removing water by a drying technology after stirring is finished, and drying the selenium-containing animal feed to a wet state; the collecting and processing method in the S3 comprises the following steps: the animal excrement is smashed, the animal excrement is put into a closed environment after a proper amount of organic selenium is added, germs in the excrement are killed by ultraviolet irradiation, the excrement is synchronously stirred during irradiation, the excrement can be fully irradiated, meanwhile, the animal excrement and the organic selenium are conveniently mixed and fused fully, and the temperature of the closed environment rises due to continuous irradiation, so that the excrement is better fermented.
The top dressing in S7 is divided into two top dressing periods, and comprises the following steps:
a. in the sprouting period, mixing the dried powder with soil, uniformly scattering the mixture around carrot seedlings, and pulling out the grass and grass buds around the carrot seedlings;
b. in the seedling emergence stage, the grass is removed, then the selenium-rich excrement dry powder is uniformly scattered into the ground, and the selenium-rich liquid manure is adopted for irrigation, wherein the irrigation is preferably ground surface wetting;
s8 combines biological control and chemical control, chemical pest control is carried out by alternately spraying 2800-3000 times of 5% Taibao emulsifiable solution and 500 times of 2.5% vegetable pesticide, pest control can be effectively carried out, and a sprayer is adopted for spraying mist during pesticide spraying.
Examples analysis
Compared with the embodiment 2, the embodiment 1 has no preparation of the selenium-rich fertilizer, while the embodiment 1 adopts the selenium-rich feed for feeding livestock, and the excrement and the liquid dung produced by the livestock are processed, so that the selenium supplementing operation of carrot planting in the later period is facilitated;
compared with the example 3, the seeds in the example 3 are selected to be common seeds, the planting field is selected to be common land, and the seeds in the example 1 are seeds without diseases, high in yield and quality and high in germination rate; the land is loose in soil quality, deep in soil layer, convenient to drain and irrigate and rich in organic matters;
example 1 in comparison with example 4, carrot seeds were not aired, soaked, and mixed with sandy soil containing a chlorothalonil liquid before planting in example 4, and at the same time, top dressing was performed in only two steps in example 4, while seed treatment and top dressing were performed in three steps in example 1.
The carrot is cultivated by the planting method of the embodiment 1-4, 6 carrots are randomly selected from each of four groups of embodiments, the selenium content of the 6 carrots in each group of embodiments is detected, then the 6 carrots are weighed, the average value is obtained, finally the appearance is evaluated, the quality of each carrot is detected and recorded, and then the best carrot in which group of embodiments is analyzed.
The experimental results are as follows: in example 1, the appearance, weight, selenium content, vitamin content and taste of carrots are superior to those of examples 2, 3 and 4, so that example 1 is the optimal selenium-rich cultivation.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in the above embodiments and the description, and are not intended to limit the present invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (9)
1. A cultivation method for selenium enrichment and quality improvement of carrots is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, seed selection: selecting carrot seeds which are free from diseases and insect pests, full in grains, high in budding rate, high in yield and high in quality;
s2, selecting a planting field: selecting the place with loose soil, deep soil layer, fertile soil, convenient drainage and irrigation, rich organic matter, sufficient illumination and soil pH value of 5.5-7.8;
s3, preparing a selenium-rich fertilizer: feeding livestock with selenium-rich feed, and storing feces and liquid dung produced by the livestock after classified collection and processing;
s4, land preparation and fertilization: before sowing, deeply turning over the soil of the carrot planting field, turning over the soil at the bottom layer to the ground surface, uniformly spreading, turning over once every 2-3 days for 3-5 times, and then scattering the processed excrement;
s5, timely sowing: the spring sowing time is from 1 late ten days to 3 middle ten days of the month, and the autumn sowing time is from 7 months to 8 middle ten days of the month;
s6, moisture management: watering by using a water source doped with the liquid dung in the S3 to keep the soil moist;
s7, topdressing and weeding: regularly topdressing, namely drying and grinding the excrement in S3 into powder, then scattering the powder, and regularly weeding;
s8, pest control: adopting a plant protection policy of 'prevention is the main and comprehensive prevention';
s9, harvesting: harvesting the carrots in time after the carrots grow.
2. The selenium-enrichment and quality-improvement cultivation method for carrots as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: before planting, the carrot seeds are aired for 8-12 hours in the sun in sunny days, soaked in warm water for 8-9 hours after airing, fished out and uniformly mixed with sandy soil, the sandy soil is sterilized in advance, sprayed with a hundred of bacteria solution and aired into sand, and the dryness and humidity of the carrot seeds are guaranteed.
3. The selenium-enrichment and quality-improvement cultivation method for carrots as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the preparation method of the selenium-rich feed in the S3 comprises the following steps: fully mixing the organic selenium and the animal feed, then adding water, continuously stirring to fully stir the organic selenium and the animal feed, removing the water by a drying technology after stirring is finished, and drying the selenium-containing animal feed to a wet state.
4. The selenium-enrichment and quality-improvement cultivation method for carrots as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the collecting, processing and processing method in the step S3 comprises the following steps: the animal excrement is smashed, the animal excrement is put into a closed environment after a proper amount of organic selenium is added, germs in the excrement are killed by ultraviolet irradiation, the excrement is synchronously stirred during irradiation, the excrement can be fully irradiated, meanwhile, the animal excrement and the organic selenium are conveniently mixed and fused fully, and the temperature of the closed environment rises due to continuous irradiation, so that the excrement is better fermented.
5. The selenium-enrichment and quality-improvement cultivation method for carrots as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: when sowing is carried out in the S5, firstly, ridging operation is carried out on uniformly ploughed soil in a dibbling mode, the distance between every two adjacent ridging piles is kept at 20-30cm, then, manual ditching is carried out on the top ends of the ridging piles, the ditching depth is 3-5cm, the distance between every two adjacent ditches is kept at 8-10cm, the manual ditching is irrigated by using liquid dung in the S3, the soil ditching position keeps a moist environment, 2-3 carrot seeds are placed into the furrows, after the seeds are placed, fine soil is used for earthing, and a sprayer is used for spraying water above the earthing soil to keep the earthing soil in a moist state.
6. The selenium-enrichment and quality-improvement cultivation method for carrots as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: when the water source containing the liquid dung is used for irrigation in the S6, the water source needs to be disinfected in advance.
7. The selenium-enrichment and quality-improvement cultivation method for carrots as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the top dressing in the S7 is divided into three top dressing periods, and comprises the following steps:
a. in the sprouting period, mixing the dried powder with soil, uniformly scattering the mixture around carrot seedlings, and pulling out the grass and grass buds around the carrot seedlings;
b. in the seedling emergence stage, the grass is removed, then the selenium-rich excrement dry powder is uniformly scattered into the ground, and the selenium-rich liquid manure is adopted for irrigation, wherein the irrigation is preferably ground surface wetting;
c. detecting the selenium content in the soil by about 15cm high of seedlings, supplementing selenium according to the selenium content in the soil, uniformly mixing the selenium-rich excrement dry powder with an organic selenium fertilizer, uniformly scattering the mixture into the soil, and irrigating by using selenium-rich liquid dung, wherein the irrigation is preferably performed by water permeating into the ground by about 5-8 cm.
8. The selenium-enrichment and quality-improvement cultivation method for carrots as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the S8 combines biological control and chemical control, the chemical pest control uses 2800-3000 times of pesticide emulsion for spraying 5% Taibao and 500 times of pesticide for spraying 2.5% Caixi for alternate use, the pest can be effectively controlled, and a sprayer is used for spraying mist during spraying.
9. The selenium-enrichment and quality-improvement cultivation method for carrots as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in S9, after harvesting, the selenium content of carrots per mu is sampled and detected, the mean value is calculated, and grading is carried out according to the mean value of the selenium content of carrots per mu.
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| CN113845393A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2021-12-28 | 庐山市绿游生态农业开发有限公司 | Cultivation method of pollution-free selenium-rich radishes |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113845393A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2021-12-28 | 庐山市绿游生态农业开发有限公司 | Cultivation method of pollution-free selenium-rich radishes |
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