CN114246099A - Interplanting method for grapes and strawberries - Google Patents
Interplanting method for grapes and strawberries Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/02—Cultivation of hops or vines
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a grape and strawberry interplanting method, which comprises land selection, grape planting, grape tree management, grape tree vine climbing management, strawberry seedling planting, strawberry temperature and humidity management and strawberry harvesting; according to the interplanting method of grapes and strawberries, the base fertilizer is added after the soil is loosened, the soil environment can be effectively improved, the method is suitable for growth of grape seedlings, the survival rate of the grape seedlings is improved, the grapes climb on the planting frame to shade the strawberries, weed growth is restrained, and water and soil fertilizer loss is reduced; and the effects of inhibiting and repelling plant diseases and insect pests of the grape medicinal materials can be exerted, and the occurrence of the plant diseases and insect pests is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to an interplanting method of grapes and strawberries.
Background
Strawberry is a red flower and fruit, also called pineapple strawberry, red strawberry, blackberry, raspberry, etc., and is a perennial herb of Rosaceae, strawberry. The strawberry is heart-shaped in appearance, delicious, red and tender, juicy in pulp, and has special strong fruit fragrance. The strawberry is afraid of water stain and is not drought-enduring, and the fruits have the effects of moistening lung, promoting fluid production, strengthening spleen, harmonizing stomach, inducing diuresis, reducing swelling and the like. The strawberry is rich in amino acid, fructose, sucrose, glucose, citric acid, malic acid, pectin, carotene, vitamin B1, B2, nicotinic acid, mineral substances such as calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, iron and the like, has a good promoting effect on growth and development, and is beneficial to the old and children.
The grape is also called grape, syzygium jambos, Caulongzhu or calabash, deciduous vine, and brown branch and vine. The round single leaf grows with 3-7 fissures, and the leaf has sawteeth. The grape also contains various nutritional components such as glucose, fructose, sucrose, xylose, tartaric acid, oxalic acid, citric acid, malic acid, etc. Grapes are widely planted in China, and at present, other crops are rarely interplanted in domestic vineyards, so that the land utilization rate is low. At present, a greenhouse covering technology is mostly adopted in a vineyard, the method is very suitable for planting strawberries, the yield of the strawberries can be improved, plant diseases and insect pests can be reduced, and the economic benefit of the yield per mu can be improved.
The grapes and the strawberries are berries with short growth cycle, and the planting period is basically the same; the strawberries can be harvested in the next year, the strawberries are harvested before the grapes grow vigorously, the growth periods of the strawberries and the grapes are staggered, and the labor is reasonably arranged. The grape root system is deep and wide, the strawberry root is shallow, and the nitrogen period and the fertilizer absorption level are different. The grapes are heavily pruned and sprout late, ventilation and light transmission of the strawberries are not affected, and the strawberries have certain negative tolerance.
China is a large population country, and with the continuous improvement of the living standard of people, the demand on the quantity of fruits is more and more. Strawberry belongs to Rosaceae and is a perennial herb, berries of the perennial herb are fruits with extremely rich nutritional value and high economic value, and the fruit is called fruit queen, contains ten times more vitamins than other fruits, and ellagic acid contained in the fruits has an anticancer effect, so the fruit is very popular in the European and American markets, the selling price of the fruit is five times that of apples and two times that of grapes, and the fruit is still not in demand. The countries of Japan, southeast Asia and Europe and America require that thousands tons of quick-frozen strawberries are imported from China every year and are the only export fruits in China, so the strawberry production in China is vigorously developed, and the meeting of the increasing export demand is an important measure for benefiting the nation and the people and for producing poverty relief.
The grapes and the strawberries are two kinds of fruits which are popular with people, and the common points of the fruits are delicate appearance, bright color, delicious taste and rich nutrition; the common point of the cultivation management is that the facility cultivation can be carried out, and the high-efficiency, high-quality and pollution-free production is realized. The facility cultivation is a cultivation mode for production in a fixed protection facility, has the characteristics of controllable environment, intensive and efficient, can obviously improve the production efficiency of crops, increase the yield and improve the quality, and realizes efficient and high-quality gardening products and annual supply.
At the initial stage of building a vineyard, the land utilization rate is low, weeds grow fast, a plurality of plant diseases and insect pests are caused, the management cost is high, only investment is needed, no output is produced, and fruit growers bear a large economic burden. By adopting the planting method of interplanting grapes in the orchard, the orchard forest land resources are fully utilized, the growth of weeds is restrained, and the loss of water, soil and fertilizer is reduced; the effects of inhibiting and repelling plant diseases and insect pests of the grape medicinal materials can be exerted, and the occurrence of the plant diseases and insect pests is reduced; the obvious difference of the grape and the strawberry on the soil nutrient demand can be utilized to realize the nutrient complementation between the grape and the strawberry; by utilizing the branches and leaves of the strawberries, the shading condition required in the grape seedling stage is also met, the transplanting survival rate of grape seedlings is improved, and the growth of grapes is promoted. The planting method for fruit-drug interplanting obviously reduces the application amount of pesticides, realizes mutual promotion of fruit drugs, brings out the best in each other, obviously reduces the cost and increases the income of farmers.
Disclosure of Invention
According to the interplanting method of the grapes and the strawberries, disclosed by the invention, mutual promotion of fruit medicines is realized, the fruits complement each other, and the cost is obviously reduced.
In order to realize the purpose of the invention, the interplanting method of the grapes and the strawberries specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting land which is smooth on the ground, exposed to the sun, fertile, convenient to transport and water, loosening the soil, deep ploughing the land, adding base fertilizer for turning over, and applying 25-35kg of base fertilizer per mu; ridging the land along rows, ridging grape ridging land and strawberry tree ridging land at intervals, forming a ditch between the ridging lands, wherein the depth of the ditch is 0.3-0.5 m, 3-4 rows of ridges are formed on the strawberry ridging land, the height of each ridge is 30-35cm, the width of the bottom of each ridge is 80-100cm, the width of the surface of each ridge is 50-60cm, the width of each furrow is 30-35cm, and the width of each grape ridging land is 1.5-1.8 m;
s2, planting grapes, soaking grape seedlings in a growth microbial inoculum for 15-20min, then cutting the grape seedlings to a grape ridge land with the plant spacing of 1.3-1.6m, and then watering;
s3, management of grape vines: fertilizing is needed after grape seedlings are planted, and in addition, in the whole process from germination in spring to leaf falling, excess leaves are removed according to actual conditions;
s4, grapevine climbing management: planting frames are built in a hedge frame mode and used for planting grapes, the distance between the planting frames is 1.8-2m, and the height of the planting frames is 2-2.2 m; arranging irrigation and drainage channels among the planting frames, and designing the elevations of the main irrigation channel, the branch channels and the irrigation ditches according to the three-thousandth drop; pressing or winding the tender vines which are not covered on the greenhouse on a frame;
s5, planting strawberry seedlings: planting strawberry seedlings in a ridge land 3 years after the grapes are planted, planting 3000-4000 plants per mu, deeply digging hole soil before planting, applying enough base fertilizer, and ensuring that the seedling center is higher than the soil surface after filling and watering and settling by depth; the heart is not buried deeply and the roots are not exposed shallowly; after planting, filling and compacting, and then watering thoroughly, so as to be beneficial to fixing roots; filling water every three days, and adding nutrient solution beneficial to rooting after three times of continuous irrigation;
s6, strawberry temperature and humidity management: performing primary thick hilling on the strawberries by combining soil loosening and weeding, and removing old leaves and diseased leaves; when the temperature drops to the highest temperature of less than 12 ℃ in the daytime or the temperature of less than 8 ℃ at night, covering a plastic black film for heat preservation; in the second year and 2 months, the temperature in the greenhouse is required to be within 28 ℃ in the daytime along with the rising of the air temperature, when the temperature is higher than 30 ℃, films on two sides of the greenhouse are required to be lifted for timely ventilation so as to prevent the strawberry from phenomena of seedling burning, fruit dropping, withering and the like, the temperature in the daytime is 22-25 ℃ after blooming, and the temperature is not lower than 5 ℃ at night;
and S7, harvesting strawberries, wherein the strawberries are harvested in 3-5 months of the next year of strawberry planting.
Preferably, grape seedlings are planted around the land in a close planting mode, the distance between every two adjacent grape seedlings is 1-1.2 m, 2-3 rows of planting frames are vertically built, and a grape barrier layer is formed.
Preferably, 1 row of grape seedlings are planted in each grape ridge land, the grape seedlings are planted in a wide mode, the spacing is 2-3 m, grape trellis is horizontally erected above the grape ridge land and the strawberry ridge land, grape trellis supports are fixed in the ridge ditches, and the height of the grape trellis is 2-2.5 m.
Preferably, the base fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1000 parts of organic fertilizer, 50-100 parts of oil cake, 5-10 parts of trace element fertilizer, 40-50 parts of potassium sulfate, 40-50 parts of calcium superphosphate, 5-10 parts of potassium fulvate and 20-30 parts of bone meal.
According to the interplanting method of grapes and strawberries, the base fertilizer is added after the soil is loosened, and the soil is turned over, so that the base fertilizer can be effectively used
The soil environment is improved, the grape seedlings are suitable for growing, the survival rate of the grape seedlings is improved, the grapes climb on the planting frame to shade the strawberries, the growth of weeds is restrained, and the loss of water, soil and fertilizers is reduced; the effects of inhibiting and repelling plant diseases and insect pests of the grape medicinal materials can be exerted, and the occurrence of the plant diseases and insect pests is reduced; the obvious difference of the grape and the strawberry on the soil nutrient demand can be utilized to realize the nutrient complementation between the grape and the strawberry; by utilizing the branches and leaves of the strawberries, the shading condition required in the grape seedling stage is also met, the transplanting survival rate of grape seedlings is improved, and the growth of grapes is promoted. The planting method for fruit-drug interplanting obviously reduces the application amount of pesticides, realizes mutual promotion of fruit drugs, brings out the best in each other, obviously reduces the cost and increases the income of farmers.
Detailed Description
The following examples are given for the detailed implementation and specific operation of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
The grape and strawberry interplanting method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting land which is smooth on the ground, exposed to the sun, fertile, convenient to transport and water, loosening the soil, deep ploughing the land, adding base fertilizer for turning over, and applying 25-35kg of base fertilizer per mu; ridging the land along rows, ridging grape ridging land and strawberry tree ridging land at intervals, forming a ditch between the ridging lands, wherein the depth of the ditch is 0.3-0.5 m, 3-4 rows of ridges are formed on the strawberry ridging land, the height of each ridge is 30-35cm, the width of the bottom of each ridge is 80-100cm, the width of the surface of each ridge is 50-60cm, the width of each furrow is 30-35cm, and the width of each grape ridging land is 1.5-1.8 m;
s2, planting grapes, soaking grape seedlings in a growth microbial inoculum for 15-20min, then cutting the grape seedlings to a grape ridge land with the plant spacing of 1.3-1.6m, and then watering;
s3, management of grape vines: fertilizing is needed after grape seedlings are planted, and in addition, in the whole process from germination in spring to leaf falling, excess leaves are removed according to actual conditions;
s4, grapevine climbing management: planting frames are built in a hedge frame mode and used for planting grapes, the distance between the planting frames is 1.8-2m, and the height of the planting frames is 2-2.2 m; arranging irrigation and drainage channels among the planting frames, and designing the elevations of the main irrigation channel, the branch channels and the irrigation ditches according to the three-thousandth drop; pressing or winding the tender vines which are not covered on the greenhouse on a frame;
s5, planting strawberry seedlings: planting strawberry seedlings in a ridge land 3 years after the grapes are planted, planting 3000-4000 plants per mu, deeply digging hole soil before planting, applying enough base fertilizer, and ensuring that the seedling center is higher than the soil surface after filling and watering and settling by depth; the heart is not buried deeply and the roots are not exposed shallowly; after planting, filling and compacting, and then watering thoroughly, so as to be beneficial to fixing roots; filling water every three days, and adding nutrient solution beneficial to rooting after three times of continuous irrigation;
s6, strawberry temperature and humidity management: performing primary thick hilling on the strawberries by combining soil loosening and weeding, and removing old leaves and diseased leaves; when the temperature drops to the highest temperature of less than 12 ℃ in the daytime or the temperature of less than 8 ℃ at night, covering a plastic black film for heat preservation; in the second year and 2 months, the temperature in the greenhouse is required to be within 28 ℃ in the daytime along with the rising of the air temperature, when the temperature is higher than 30 ℃, films on two sides of the greenhouse are required to be lifted for timely ventilation so as to prevent the strawberry from phenomena of seedling burning, fruit dropping, withering and the like, the temperature in the daytime is 22-25 ℃ after blooming, and the temperature is not lower than 5 ℃ at night;
and S7, harvesting strawberries, wherein the strawberries are harvested in 3-5 months of the next year of strawberry planting.
Preferably, grape seedlings are planted around the land in a close planting mode, the distance between every two adjacent grape seedlings is 1-1.2 m, 2-3 rows of planting frames are vertically built, and a grape barrier layer is formed.
Preferably, 1 row of grape seedlings are planted in each grape ridge land, the grape seedlings are planted in a wide mode, the spacing is 2-3 m, grape trellis is horizontally erected above the grape ridge land and the strawberry ridge land, grape trellis supports are fixed in the ridge ditches, and the height of the grape trellis is 2-2.5 m.
Preferably, the base fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1000 parts of organic fertilizer, 50-100 parts of oil cake, 5-10 parts of trace element fertilizer, 40-50 parts of potassium sulfate, 40-50 parts of calcium superphosphate, 5-10 parts of potassium fulvate and 20-30 parts of bone meal.
Example 1:
the base fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1000 parts of organic fertilizer, 100 parts of oil cake, 10 parts of trace element fertilizer, 50 parts of potassium sulfate, 50 parts of calcium superphosphate, 10 parts of potassium fulvate and 30 parts of bone meal.
Example 2:
the base fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 300 parts of organic fertilizer, 50 parts of oil cake, 5 parts of trace element fertilizer, 40 parts of potassium sulfate, 40 parts of calcium superphosphate, 5 parts of potassium fulvate and 20 parts of bone meal.
Example 3:
the base fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 700 parts of organic fertilizer, 70 parts of oil cake, 8 parts of trace element fertilizer, 45 parts of potassium sulfate, 45 parts of calcium superphosphate, 8 parts of potassium fulvate and 25 parts of bone meal.
The trace elements have a vital function on the growth and development of plants, are components of enzymes or coenzymes in plants, and have strong specificity. In the embodiment of the invention, the trace elements are preferably copper, boron, manganese and iron, the copper can form copper protein in plants to participate in photosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism, the development of flower organs is promoted, buds are strengthened, the pollination quality and the fruit setting rate are improved, the growth of branches, young leaves and fruits is facilitated, the supply of oxygen can be improved by the boron, the development of root systems and the formation of leguminous nodules are promoted, the flowering and fruit setting are promoted, the manganese plays an important role in the formation of chlorophyll and the accumulation and running of saccharides, the iron has a good influence on the germination of seeds, the growth of seedlings and fruit setting, the iron is an important component of phytochrome, and the addition of a proper amount of iron element in the fertilizer can effectively prevent flower buds from falling off and improve the fruit setting rate.
Because potassium sulfate can adsorb, exchange and activate many mineral elements in soil, such as phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and the like, the effectiveness of the elements is greatly increased, and the nutritional condition of crops is improved. Can improve the adhesive force of the flower bolls of the flowering grapevines, ensure the stable growth of the flower bolls and improve the pollination probability.
According to the interplanting method of grapes and strawberries, the base fertilizer is added after the soil is loosened, the soil environment can be effectively improved, the method is suitable for growth of grape seedlings, the survival rate of the grape seedlings is improved, the grapes climb on the planting frame to shade the strawberries, weed growth is restrained, and water and soil fertilizer loss is reduced; the effects of inhibiting and repelling plant diseases and insect pests of the grape medicinal materials can be exerted, and the occurrence of the plant diseases and insect pests is reduced; the obvious difference of the grape and the strawberry on the soil nutrient demand can be utilized to realize the nutrient complementation between the grape and the strawberry; by utilizing the branches and leaves of the strawberries, the shading condition required in the grape seedling stage is also met, the transplanting survival rate of grape seedlings is improved, and the growth of grapes is promoted. The planting method for fruit-drug interplanting obviously reduces the application amount of pesticides, realizes mutual promotion of fruit drugs, brings out the best in each other, obviously reduces the cost and increases the income of farmers.
The technical features of the above embodiments can be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are not described, but should be considered as the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features. The above examples only show some embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. The grape and strawberry interplanting method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting land which is smooth on the ground, exposed to the sun, fertile, convenient to transport and water, loosening the soil, deep ploughing the land, adding base fertilizer for turning over, and applying 25-35kg of base fertilizer per mu; ridging the land along rows, ridging grape ridging land and strawberry tree ridging land at intervals, forming a ditch between the ridging lands, wherein the depth of the ditch is 0.3-0.5 m, 3-4 rows of ridges are formed on the strawberry ridging land, the height of each ridge is 30-35cm, the width of the bottom of each ridge is 80-100cm, the width of the surface of each ridge is 50-60cm, the width of each furrow is 30-35cm, and the width of each grape ridging land is 1.5-1.8 m;
s2, planting grapes, soaking grape seedlings in a growth microbial inoculum for 15-20min, then cutting the grape seedlings to a grape ridge land with the plant spacing of 1.3-1.6m, and then watering;
s3, management of grape vines: fertilizing is needed after grape seedlings are planted, and in addition, in the whole process from germination in spring to leaf falling, excess leaves are removed according to actual conditions;
s4, grapevine climbing management: planting frames are built in a hedge frame mode and used for planting grapes, the distance between the planting frames is 1.8-2m, and the height of the planting frames is 2-2.2 m; arranging irrigation and drainage channels among the planting frames, and designing the elevations of the main irrigation channel, the branch channels and the irrigation ditches according to the three-thousandth drop; pressing or winding the tender vines which are not covered on the greenhouse on a frame;
s5, planting strawberry seedlings: planting strawberry seedlings in a ridge land 3 years after the grapes are planted, planting 3000-4000 plants per mu, deeply digging hole soil before planting, applying enough base fertilizer, and ensuring that the seedling center is higher than the soil surface after filling and watering and settling by depth; the heart is not buried deeply and the roots are not exposed shallowly; after planting, filling and compacting, and then watering thoroughly, so as to be beneficial to fixing roots; filling water every three days, and adding nutrient solution beneficial to rooting after three times of continuous irrigation;
s6, strawberry temperature and humidity management: performing primary thick hilling on the strawberries by combining soil loosening and weeding, and removing old leaves and diseased leaves; when the temperature drops to the highest temperature of less than 12 ℃ in the daytime or the temperature of less than 8 ℃ at night, covering a plastic black film for heat preservation; in the second year and 2 months, the temperature in the greenhouse is required to be within 28 ℃ in the daytime along with the rising of the air temperature, when the temperature is higher than 30 ℃, films on two sides of the greenhouse are required to be lifted for timely ventilation so as to prevent the strawberry from phenomena of seedling burning, fruit dropping, withering and the like, the temperature in the daytime is 22-25 ℃ after blooming, and the temperature is not lower than 5 ℃ at night;
and S7, harvesting strawberries, wherein the strawberries are harvested in 3-5 months of the next year of strawberry planting.
2. The grape and strawberry interplanting method of claim 1, wherein the grape seedlings are planted around the land by close planting with a spacing of 1-1.2 m, and 2-3 rows of planting frames are vertically built to form a grape barrier.
3. The grape and strawberry interplanting method according to claim 1, wherein 1 row of grape seedlings is planted in each grape furrow, the grape seedlings are planted in a wide mode and are spaced at intervals of 2-3 meters, grape trellis is horizontally erected above the grape furrow and the strawberry ridge, grape trellis supports are fixed in the furrow, and the height of each grape trellis is set to be 2-2.5 meters.
4. The grape and strawberry interplanting method of claim 1, wherein the base fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1000 parts of organic fertilizer, 50-100 parts of oil cake, 5-10 parts of trace element fertilizer, 40-50 parts of potassium sulfate, 40-50 parts of calcium superphosphate, 5-10 parts of potassium fulvate and 20-30 parts of bone meal.
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| CN105052669A (en) * | 2015-08-10 | 2015-11-18 | 广西最鲜农业科技有限公司 | Planting method for interplanting strawberries in vineyard |
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| CN109429937A (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2019-03-08 | 中方县大丰源生态农业开发有限公司 | A kind of method of dragon fruit and interplanting strawberries |
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| CN103960021A (en) * | 2014-05-15 | 2014-08-06 | 周萍萍 | Method for interplanting strawberries in vineyard |
| CN104996147A (en) * | 2015-07-30 | 2015-10-28 | 重庆市铜梁区金马水果种植股份合作社 | Strawberry, vegetable and grape mixed planting method |
| CN105052669A (en) * | 2015-08-10 | 2015-11-18 | 广西最鲜农业科技有限公司 | Planting method for interplanting strawberries in vineyard |
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