CN116250461A - Annual planting method for interplanting watermelons and peppers - Google Patents
Annual planting method for interplanting watermelons and peppers Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a annual planting method for interplanting watermelons and peppers, which specifically comprises the following steps: step 1, spring stubble field management: the method comprises the steps of simultaneously fertilizing watermelons and peppers when the length of the watermelon vines is 45-50cm, wherein the fertilizer is prepared by a compound fertilizer and a water-soluble fertilizer according to a ratio of 3:2, simultaneously fertilizing the watermelons and the peppers in a watermelon swelling period, the fertilizer is prepared by a compound fertilizer and a water-soluble fertilizer according to a ratio of 13:2, simultaneously topdressing the watermelons and the peppers after picking of the watermelon first stubble melons, the fertilizer is prepared by a compound fertilizer and a water-soluble fertilizer according to a ratio of 3:2, and only fertilizing the peppers 3-4d before each pepper picking, and the fertilizer is prepared by a compound fertilizer and a water-soluble fertilizer according to a ratio of 3:2; step 2, autumn stubble field management: repeating the fertilization mode in the step 1; the planting and placing method disclosed by the invention can realize two stubbles in one year, and effectively improves the yield of watermelons and peppers.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural cultivation methods, and particularly relates to a annual planting method for interplanting watermelons and peppers.
Background
The watermelon is called as 'the king in midsummer', is fresh and thirst-quenching, has sweet and delicious juice, is a fruit in midsummer, contains a large amount of substances such as glucose, malic acid, fructose, protein amino acid, tomato essence, rich vitamin C and the like except fat and cholesterol, is a food which has very high nutrition, is pure and is safe to eat, and the sugar content of meat is generally 5-12%, and comprises glucose, fructose and sucrose; the pepper is one of the indispensable seasonings in life, the economic value is also considerable, a larger row spacing is reserved in the early stage in the watermelon cultivation, the pepper is suitable for growing, the pepper and the watermelon are interplanted, and the resources can be fully utilized, so that the economic benefit is improved, and in recent years, the pepper and the watermelon become the preferred vegetable crops for adjusting the agricultural industry structure and increasing the income of farmers.
At present, a scientific and reasonable fertilization system is not formed in the annual interplanting process of the peppers and the watermelons, and farmers still rely on the fertilization mode for fertilization when the watermelons and the peppers are planted independently.
The existing fertilization mode can not meet the nutrient requirements of the watermelon and the pepper in each growth period during interplanting, and the phenomenon that the crop elongation is limited or even the soil quality is influenced due to excessive fertilizers is easy to occur, so that the existing planting mode is easy to cause slow production of the watermelon and the pepper and simultaneously causes the quality reduction of the crop, and on the basis, the annual planting method suitable for interplanting the watermelon and the pepper is necessary to be developed.
Disclosure of Invention
The annual planting method for interplanting watermelons and peppers can realize two stubbles in one year, and effectively improves the yield of watermelons and peppers.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the annual planting method for interplanting watermelons and peppers is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, spring stubble field management: the method comprises the steps of simultaneously fertilizing watermelons and peppers when the length of the watermelon vines is 45-50cm, wherein the fertilizer is prepared by a compound fertilizer and a water-soluble fertilizer according to a ratio of 3:2, simultaneously fertilizing the watermelons and the peppers in a watermelon swelling period, the fertilizer is prepared by a compound fertilizer and a water-soluble fertilizer according to a ratio of 13:2, simultaneously topdressing the watermelons and the peppers after picking of the watermelon first stubble melons, the fertilizer is prepared by a compound fertilizer and a water-soluble fertilizer according to a ratio of 3:2, and only fertilizing the peppers 3-4d before each pepper picking, and the fertilizer is prepared by a compound fertilizer and a water-soluble fertilizer according to a ratio of 3:2;
step 2, autumn stubble field management: and (5) repeating the fertilization mode in the step 1.
The spring stubble is closed after being finished, and the concrete method is as follows: and (3) applying farmyard manure after spring stubble cleaning, covering a mulching film, and closing the shed after a large amount of water is irrigated until the end of 8 months.
The dosage of farmyard manure is 2000-3000kg per mu of land when the greenhouse is closed.
In the step 1, after the field planting seedling is finished, 1% of urea is firstly sprayed on the watermelons and the peppers comprehensively, the consumption of the urea is 4-5kg per mu, and meanwhile, the fertilizing amount of each time is as follows when the length of the watermelon vines is 45-50cm, the fruit swelling period of the watermelons, the picking of the watermelon stubble melon is finished, and 3-4d before each time of the pepper is picked: 4-5kg of the fertilizer is applied to each mu of land, and drip irrigation is carried out after each fertilization.
When in spring stubble field planting, the row spacing of the watermelons is 1.9-2m, the plant spacing is 0.4-0.5m, the row spacing of the peppers is 0.4-0.5m, the plant spacing is 0.4-0.5m, 3-4 peppers are planted between every two rows of watermelons, and the row spacing and the plant spacing of the watermelons and the peppers are the same as those of the spring stubble field planting.
Seedling raising is carried out before spring stubble field planting, the variety of the watermelon is selected to be either Fengshun 8424, early good, extra small chicken peppers, pepper seeds are selected to be either line peppers, sheep horn peppers, screw peppers or thin skin peppers, such as any one of golden 968, phoenix green No. 2, phoenix purple fortune No. 1 and Ke green series, seedling raising is carried out before autumn stubble field planting, the variety of the watermelon is selected to be either Xiayang, fengshun No. 1, early good 8424 and Zhengza No. 5 during seedling raising, and pepper seeds are selected to be either line peppers or sheep horns.
The method comprises the steps of firstly airing pepper seeds for 1-2d, soaking the pepper seeds in 50-55 ℃ soup for 15-20min after airing, then continuously soaking the pepper seeds for 4-12h at room temperature, finally placing the soaked seeds in a 28-30 ℃ incubator for germination accelerating, flushing the seeds with warm water for 1-2 times each day, after 4-5d, exposing 70% of the seeds to white, sowing the exposed pepper or watermelon seeds in a cave dish, covering 1-2cm seedling substrate, covering a film again for temperature and moisture preservation, timely removing the film after more than 50% of the pepper seeds emerge, and timely removing the covered film when the watermelon leaves emerge.
Applying a base fertilizer before spring stubble field planting and autumn stubble field planting, preparing land after the base fertilizer is applied, specifically applying 1-3 t of decomposed farmyard manure or 100-150 kg of bio-organic fertilizer per mu, additionally applying 35-38kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer, laying drip irrigation while preparing land in spring, and finally laying a mulching film, wherein a three-layer covering technology is adopted in spring, namely the mulching film, a small arch shed and a plastic greenhouse, and the small arch shed and the plastic greenhouse are adopted after the soil preparation in autumn is finished.
When drip irrigation is laid, drip irrigation pipelines are only laid between two rows of peppers, meanwhile, one end of the water delivery main pipe, which is positioned in the greenhouse, is connected with a pressurized water source, and an independent control switch is arranged between the water delivery main pipe and each drip irrigation pipeline.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
according to the annual planting method of the watermelon interplanting peppers, compound fertilizer and water-soluble fertilizer are respectively applied to the watermelons and the peppers after the growth of the vines is 45-50cm, the fruit swelling period of the watermelons and the picking of watermelon first stubble melons are finished, and the compound fertilizer and the water-soluble fertilizer are only applied to the peppers 3-4 days before each time of the pepper picking, so that the nutrient release and crop absorption of the fertilizer can be synchronous by adopting a mode of applying the compound fertilizer and the water-soluble fertilizer in stages, the nutrient requirements of the watermelons and the peppers in each growth stage are met, meanwhile, the fertilizer can supply available nutrients required by microbial activity in soil because the compound fertilizer contains a large amount of elements and organic matters, the microbial propagation and activity are accelerated, the indissoluble nutrients in the soil are dissolved due to the microbial activity, the soil is loose and soft due to the microbial activity, and the water-retaining capacity of the soil is improved, the overground parts grow and the yield is sufficient, and the dry matter conversion is further improved; in conclusion, according to the planting mode of the invention, the root dry matter conversion rate of the watermelon and the capsicum is improved by more than 5%, the stem and leaf dry matter conversion rate is improved by 10%, the fruit dry matter conversion rate is improved by more than 15%, and the yield of the spring-stubble watermelon is 1200-1300 kg/667m 2 Simultaneously, the hot pepper is 1100 to 1200kg/667m 2 The yield of autumn watermelon is 1000-1200 kg/667m 2 Meanwhile, the capsicum is 1200-1400 kg/667m 2 Compared with the traditional planting method, the total yield of the watermelon and the capsicum is improved by 40 percent.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. The following examples are only for the purpose of more clearly illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the protection scheme of the present invention.
Examples
The annual planting method for interplanting watermelons and peppers specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, spring stubble field management: after field planting and seedling reviving, 1% of urea is comprehensively sprayed, the consumption of the urea per mu is 4-5kg, the melon vines are fertilized simultaneously when the length is 45-50cm, the fertilizer is prepared by compounding a compound fertilizer and a water-soluble fertilizer according to the proportion of 3:2, the fertilizer is prepared by compounding a compound fertilizer and a water-soluble fertilizer according to the proportion of 13:2, the fertilizer is prepared by compounding 13-15kg per mu of fertilizer, the watermelon stubble melon is picked, the watermelon peppers are fertilized simultaneously according to the proportion of 3:2, the fertilizer is prepared by compounding a compound fertilizer and a water-soluble fertilizer according to the proportion of 4-5kg per mu of fertilizer, 1% of urea is sprayed again after the end of topdressing, the fertilizer is fertilized only by compounding a compound fertilizer and a water-soluble fertilizer according to the proportion of 3:2 before each pepper is picked, the fertilizer is fertilized by only fertilizing the pepper for 3-4d per mu of 3:2, and the drip irrigation is carried out after each end of topdressing;
further, seedling raising is carried out before spring stubble field planting, early maturing types with stable plant growth and low temperature resistance are selected as much as possible for the watermelon variety during seedling raising, and the watermelon variety is matured 28-30 days after pollination, such as Fengshui 8424, early good, extra small phoenix and the like, and is in the market in the morning, so that the benefit is good; meanwhile, the symbiotic period with the peppers is short, and the symbiotic diseases are few; the variety of capsicum is selected from the group consisting of line pepper, sheep horn pepper, screw pepper and thin skin pepper with compact plant type, moderate development, good weak light resistance, strong stress resistance and rapid fruit expansion, such as Japanese gold 968, phoenix green No. 2, phoenix purple fortune No. 1, and Ke green series. The pepper seeds with bright color and plump seeds are selected.
The method comprises the steps of firstly airing pepper seeds for 1-2d, soaking the pepper seeds in warm soup at 50-55 ℃ for 15-20min after airing, then continuously soaking the pepper seeds for 4-12h at room temperature, finally placing the soaked seeds in a constant temperature box at 28-30 ℃ for sprouting, flushing the pepper seeds with warm water for 1-2 times each day, after 4-5d, exposing 70% of the seeds to white, sowing the exposed pepper or watermelon seeds on a cave dish, covering a 1-2cm seedling substrate, covering a film for temperature and moisture preservation, and carrying out 12 months of the pepper sowing in the last year and about 11 days of the watermelon sowing in the last year if high-efficiency energy-saving sunlight greenhouse seedling is adopted in the Huai region, wherein the pepper sowing is carried out about 15d earlier than the cave dish seedling in the current year if a standard plastic greenhouse and a small arch cave dish seedling is adopted, and the watermelon sowing is about 6d earlier than the cave dish seedling in the current year.
The temperature of the soil is maintained at 25-30 ℃ as much as possible before emergence of seedlings after sowing, the seedlings are ensured to be tidy and consistent, the covered film is removed in time after more than 50% of the pepper seeds emerge, the covered film is removed in time when the watermelon cotyledons emerge, the night temperature is reduced by properly enhancing illumination, strong seedlings are cultivated, and after the seedlings emerge well and grow to 2 leaves and 1 heart, watering is combined according to the growth condition of the seedlings, and weak seedlings and diseased seedlings are removed.
In addition, interplanting is carried out, and plant spacing and row spacing among different crops must be scientifically designed, and the main basis is the growth period, plant type and root depth of the crops. The planting density of the watermelon and the pepper in the existing planting mode is not subjected to strict test screening and is matched at will, so that after the pepper seals the ridge, the illumination condition of the watermelon is poor, ventilation is not smooth, diseases are easy to generate, and particularly the watermelon is in a rainy year. Therefore, in the field planting of the spring stubble in the application, the row spacing of the watermelons is 1.9-2m, the plant spacing is 0.4-0.5m, the row spacing of the peppers is 0.4-0.5m, the plant spacing is 0.4-0.5m, 3-4 rows of peppers are planted between every two rows of watermelons, and the row spacing and the plant spacing of the watermelons and the peppers are the same as those in the field planting of the spring stubble in the field planting of the autumn stubble;
step 2, repairing and nourishing in summer: after spring crop cleaning, applying farmyard manure, covering mulching film, watering a large amount, closing the shed strictly until the end of 8 months, wherein the dosage of the farmyard manure is 2000-3000kg per mu of land, closing the shed for about 25-30 d, and solving the problems of serious disease and insect damage of aftercrop and facility soil salinization caused by continuous cropping by utilizing high-temperature greenhouse closing and paddy and dry crop rotation technology;
step 3, autumn stubble field management: the fertilization time and the fertilization amount are the same as those of the step 2, seedling raising is carried out before autumn field planting, and the variety of the watermelon is selected from any one of Xiayang, fengle No. 1, zaojia 8424 and Zhengza No. 5 during seedling raising, and pepper seeds are selected from the group consisting of wire peppers and sheep horns.
In addition, a base fertilizer is firstly applied before spring stubble field planting and autumn stubble field planting, soil preparation is carried out after the base fertilizer is applied, 1-3 t of decomposed farmyard manure or 100-150 kg of bio-organic fertilizer is specifically applied per mu, 35-38kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer is additionally applied, drip irrigation is paved while soil preparation is carried out in spring, finally mulching films are paved, three-layer covering technology is adopted in spring, namely, mulching films, small arch sheds and plastic sheds are adopted after soil preparation in autumn is finished. The suitable planting time in Jianghuai region is 2 months 28 days-3 months 2 days.
When drip irrigation is laid, drip irrigation pipelines are only laid between two rows of peppers, meanwhile, one end of the water delivery main pipe, which is positioned in the greenhouse, is connected with a pressurized water source, and an independent control switch is arranged between the water delivery main pipe and each drip irrigation pipeline. After the drip irrigation pipe is installed, the drip irrigation pipe is covered with a silver-black double-color mulching film so as to control humidity and keep moisture, prevent grass from warming, strengthen illumination at the lower part of plants, expel aphids and alleviate the occurrence of virus diseases.
Transplanting with soil during field planting, immediately watering the root fixing water and spraying sterilizing pesticide to ensure the normal and steady growth of the plant.
The early stage after the spring stubble field planting is mainly based on illumination management. The small arch shed is uncovered at about 8:00 am in sunny days, the illumination of watermelons is enhanced, the small arch shed is uncovered in advance for 0.5h in cloudy days, skirt films at two sides of the plastic greenhouse are lifted for ventilation at 9:00, the air temperature is low in the early stage, and the opening height of the films at two sides is about 30 cm; the later stage increases gradually along with the rising of the air temperature to enhance the ventilation effect in the greenhouse and supplement and balance CO 2 And prevent the damage to plants caused by the overhigh temperature. And covering a small arch shed at about 17:00, and closing the plastic greenhouse. And (5) observing the seedling-reviving condition of the plants at any time, checking the seedlings in time, supplementing the seedlings, and recording.
Pest control was noted at any time throughout the management period: irrigating roots with carbendazim hydrochloride, thiophanate-methyl and the like at the early stage of watermelon fusarium wilt, and preventing the roots from being changed by grafting of cucurbits or bottle gourds; spraying metalaxyl-manganese-zinc and metalaxyl wettable powder for treating pepper epidemic disease; the watermelon/pepper anthracnose can be sprayed for 3-4 times by alternately using zineb, thiophanate, carbendazim and the like; powdery mildew can be fumigated by using a chlorothalonil fumigant and a triazolone fumigant or sprayed with triadimefon. The white fly and aphid are trapped and killed by yellow sticky trap or fumigated by isoprocarb fumigant or sprayed by bipyridyl acetamiprid, beta-cypermethrin and the like; the yellow tea mites and the red spiders apply acarid, acaricide, lese, avermectin and pyridaben, etc.; the leaf miner is sprayed with abamectin, imidacloprid, spirotetramat, etc.
In the mode, the watermelon is manually pollinated in an auxiliary mode for about 4 months and 10 days so as to improve the fruit setting rate. The first female flowers (generally, the fruit to be set is malformed and small) are removed, only the 2 nd female flowers (less 3 rd) on the main vines and the side vines are pollinated, and when the pollination time is 7:00-10:00 a, only 1 melon is selected for each plant after fruit setting. The watermelon plants are cultivated by climbing the ground, the double vines are pruned, redundant side branches are cut off in time, the main vines are straightened among the pepper plants, and when the main vines of the watermelon reach the length of a cell, the center is picked in time. The side branches below the capsicum plant door pepper are removed at any time and all, so that the early-stage yield is increased, and ventilation and light transmission are facilitated. If the number of the row of the field planted peppers is 2-3, the side branches can not be removed due to the marginal effect, so that the time and labor are saved.
Harvesting fructus Capsici and ripe watermelon fruit at proper time after 5 months and 10 days, and packaging properly for marketing.
When the autumn field planting is carried out, the hole opening field planting is carried out in all afternoon or in all rainy days, the field planting of the peppers in autumn is carried out when the stubble is replaced as much as possible, namely, the field planting of the peppers in autumn of the original spring is carried out, and the field planting of the watermelon is changed from the outermost row of peppers in the original spring. The plant and the row spacing are 50cm, the row number ratio of the furrow field planting peppers with 2m width is 1:3, and the row number ratio of the furrow field planting peppers with 2.5m width is 1:4.
The root setting water and the sterilization insecticide are poured immediately after the planting, so that the survival rate is improved; the front-stage key point is that the sun is properly covered on sunny days, so that the seedling is promoted, and a 35% sunshade net is generally adopted for covering; while taking care of the greenhouse ventilation, preventing height Wen Zhuomiao. After seedling is recovered, the seedlings are cultivated once, squatting seedlings are squatted for about 5 days, and then water-soluble fertilizer mainly containing nitrogen is fully applied for 1 time (5-8 kg/667 m) 2 ) And (5) promoting the initiation of the plant. Watermelon vineWhen the length is 30cm (the height of the capsicum is about 25 cm), the cultivation is combined, and the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer is applied for 20-25 kg/667m 2 The flowering period is to pay attention to ventilation and control the irrigation of the watermelon, and generally only a drip irrigation pipe of the pepper row is opened, and meanwhile, artificial supplementary pollination is carried out. Re-chasing ternary compound fertilizer 20-25 kg/667m in early stage of melon expansion 2 Watering and promoting melon, and the temperature is 25-30 ℃ in the daytime. The later temperature management is mainly to keep warm, the air release time and the size of the ventilation opening of the greenhouse are adjusted according to the air temperature condition in middle and late 10 months, and the day-night temperature difference is increased so as to facilitate fruit growth and watermelon sugar accumulation. Watering is stopped 7d before the watermelon ripens so as to increase the sugar content.
If the watermelon is cultivated by climbing, the two vines are pruned, and the operations of picking the core and the like are performed in spring; if the cultivation is carried out by adopting a bracket, ventilation and light transmission can be enhanced, the bracket is inserted when the length of the vines is about 25cm, the two vines are still pruned, the vines are immediately bound, and the core is plucked when the length is 2-2.2 m. Because the seasonal variation characteristics of the temperature and the illumination of the greenhouse influence, the growth of the autumn pepper plant is inferior to that of the spring, so that the side branches do not need to be removed. The whole growth period needs to pay close attention to the occurrence of diseases and insect pests, and the method is the same as that in spring.
The watermelon harvesting is relatively concentrated, the watermelon harvesting can be carried out in the market after about 10 months and 15 days, the peppers can also be harvested successively, but in order to obtain better benefits, the peppers can also be subjected to living fresh-keeping in the greenhouse, namely, the pepper fruits are not picked into a refrigerator and are stored together on plants (also called a plant bank), until the watermelon harvesting is carried out in the market in two periods (Yuan Dan-Chun festival), and when the minimum outside air temperature is close to 5 ℃, a small arch shed is also required to be arranged in the greenhouse so as to ensure that pepper plants and fruits thereof are not frozen.
In conclusion, the annual planting method of watermelon peppers adopts a three-layer covering technology in early spring, namely a mulching film, a small arch shed and a plastic greenhouse, field planting of watermelon and pepper seedlings is carried out in 2 months 28 days to 3 months 2 days, marketing of watermelon and green pepper fruits is realized in about 5 months 10 days, marketing of red peppers at the bottom of 5 months, and seedling pulling and shed cleaning before 7 months 10 days. The yield of the watermelon is 1200-1300 kg/667m 2 Simultaneously, the chilli is 1100-1200 kg/667m 2 . The price of the watermelon on the market is about 7.0 yuan/kg, and the average mu yield value is about 6000 yuan; the average unit price of the pepper fruits is about 6.6 yuan/kg, and the average mu yield value is about 7000 yuan. Deducting intoThe net profit per mu is 8000 yuan.
In autumn, two layers of covering technology, namely a plastic greenhouse and a small arch greenhouse, field planting of watermelon and pepper seedlings is carried out in 8 months and 8-10 days, marketing of watermelon and green pepper fruits is realized in 10 months and 10-20 days, living fresh-keeping of peppers can be realized, and the peppers are harvested successively, and seedling pulling and shed cleaning are carried out until the year bottom. The yield of the watermelon is 1000-1200 kg/667m 2 Meanwhile, the capsicum is 1200-1400 kg/667m 2 . The average unit price of the watermelons is about 4.0 yuan/kg, and the average yield per mu value is about 4000 yuan; the average unit price of the pepper fruits is about 7.0 yuan/kg, and the average mu yield value is about 8000 yuan. Deducting the cost, and obtaining 8000 yuan per mu of net profit.
The production practice of 2021-2022 shows that: under the optimal combination mode (namely, the planting density of the early-best 8424 watermelon variety is row spacing multiplied by plant spacing=2.0x0.5m, the capsicum variety is selected from the capsicum frutescens 1110, and the fertilizing amount is 55kg/667 m) 2 3-4 rows of peppers are planted in watermelon ridges with the row spacing of the pepper planting density and the plant spacing of 0.5X0.5 m and the width of 2.0-2.5 m), and the early yield of the spring watermelon is 1510kg/667m 2 Economic benefit 7550 yuan/667 m 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Early yield of capsicum exceeds 1240kg/667m 2 The economic benefit reaches 8680 yuan/667 m 2 . 1140kg/667m of autumn watermelon yield 2 Economic benefit 4500 yuan/667 m 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The yield of the capsicum exceeds 1350kg/667m 2 Economic benefit reaches 12450 yuan/667 m 2 . The total average mu yield value in the whole year reaches 3.318 ten thousand yuan, the price fluctuation caused by epidemic situation is deducted, and the net profit per mu is more than 2 ten thousand yuan.
The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any simple changes or equivalent substitutions of the obtained technical solutions within the technical scope of the present invention disclosed by the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
Claims (9)
1. The annual planting method for interplanting watermelons and peppers is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, spring stubble field management: the method comprises the steps of simultaneously fertilizing watermelons and peppers when the length of the watermelon vines is 45-50cm, wherein the fertilizer is prepared by a compound fertilizer and a water-soluble fertilizer according to a ratio of 3:2, simultaneously fertilizing the watermelons and the peppers in a watermelon swelling period, the fertilizer is prepared by a compound fertilizer and a water-soluble fertilizer according to a ratio of 13:2, simultaneously topdressing the watermelons and the peppers after picking of the watermelon first stubble melons, the fertilizer is prepared by a compound fertilizer and a water-soluble fertilizer according to a ratio of 3:2, and only fertilizing the peppers 3-4d before each pepper picking, and the fertilizer is prepared by a compound fertilizer and a water-soluble fertilizer according to a ratio of 3:2;
step 2, autumn stubble field management: and (5) repeating the fertilization mode in the step 1.
2. The annual planting method of interplanting watermelons and peppers according to claim 1, wherein the method is characterized in that the watermelon interplanting and peppers need to be covered after spring stubble is finished, and comprises the following steps: and (3) applying farmyard manure after spring stubble cleaning, covering a mulching film, and closing the shed after a large amount of water is irrigated until the end of 8 months.
3. The annual planting method of interplanting watermelons and peppers according to claim 2, wherein the amount of farmyard manure used in the canopy is 2000-3000kg per mu of land.
4. The annual planting method of interplanted watermelons and peppers according to claim 1, wherein 1% of urea is firstly sprayed on watermelons and peppers comprehensively after field planting and seedling reviving are finished in the step 1, the consumption of urea per mu is 4-5kg, and meanwhile, when the length of vines of the watermelons is 45-50cm in the step 1, the fertilizing amount of each time is 3-4d after the watermelon swelling period, after the picking of watermelon stubble melon is finished and before the pepper is picked each time: 4-5kg of the fertilizer is applied to each mu of land, and drip irrigation is carried out after each fertilization.
5. The annual planting method of interplanting watermelons and peppers according to claim 1, wherein the row spacing of watermelons is 1.9-2m, the plant spacing is 0.4-0.5m, the row spacing of peppers is 0.4-0.5m, the plant spacing is 0.4-0.5m, 3-4 peppers are planted between every two rows of watermelons, and the row spacing and the plant spacing of watermelons and peppers are the same as those of the spring planting in autumn planting.
6. The annual planting method of interplanting watermelons according to claim 1, wherein seedling is first performed before spring planting, the variety of watermelons is selected to be Fengshun 8424, early-season, or extra-small chicken-feather is selected to be any one of red pepper, sheep-horn pepper, screw pepper, or thin-skin pepper, such as any one of first-gold 968, phoenix-green 2, phoenix-violet fortune 1, and kohlrabi series, seedling is first performed before autumn planting, the variety of watermelons is selected to be any one of summer sun, fengshun 1, early-season 8424, and Zhengza 5, and the pepper seeds are selected to be wire pepper or sheep horn.
7. The annual planting method of interplanting watermelon and pepper according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the steps of airing pepper seeds for 1-2d, soaking the pepper seeds in warm soup at 50-55 ℃ for 15-20min after airing, then continuously soaking for 4-12h at room temperature, finally placing the soaked seeds in a constant temperature box at 28-30 ℃ for sprouting, flushing the seeds with warm water for 1-2 times each day, sowing after 70% of the seeds are exposed to white for 4-5d, sowing the exposed white pepper or watermelon seeds on a cave dish during sowing, covering 1-2cm seedling substrate, covering a film again, carrying out temperature and moisture preservation, timely removing the film after more than 50% of the pepper seeds are emergent, and timely removing the covered film when the watermelon cotyledons are emergent to soil.
8. The annual planting method of watermelon interplanting peppers according to claim 1, wherein base fertilizer is applied before spring stubble field planting and autumn stubble field planting, soil preparation is carried out after the base fertilizer is applied, 1-3 t of decomposed farmyard manure or 100-150 kg of bio-organic fertilizer is specifically applied per mu, 35-38kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer is additionally applied, drip irrigation is paved while soil preparation is carried out in spring, and finally mulch is paved, wherein three layers of mulching technology, namely mulch, small arch greenhouse and plastic greenhouse are adopted after soil preparation in autumn is finished.
9. The annual planting method of interplanted watermelon and capsicum according to claim 8, wherein drip irrigation pipelines are only laid between two rows of capsicum when drip irrigation is laid, and meanwhile, one end of the water delivery main pipe is connected with a pressurized water source and is provided with an independent control switch with each drip irrigation pipeline.
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