CN114223794A - 一种低蛋白哺乳母猪用日粮 - Google Patents
一种低蛋白哺乳母猪用日粮 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种低蛋白哺乳母猪用日粮，由以下重量份的组分配制而成：玉米29‑34份、碎米7‑8.5份、小麦20‑25份、苜蓿2‑5份、米糠5‑8份、豆粕10‑14份、蚕豆3‑4份、蚕蛹1‑3份、蚯蚓粉5‑8份、芝麻油0.3‑0.7份、大豆磷脂0.2‑0.5份、磷酸氢钙0.1‑0.3份、石粉1.1‑1.8份、预混料2份、复合酶制剂0.01‑0.04份、微生态制剂0.04‑0.08份。该日粮配方能降低生产成本，将该日粮饲喂哺乳母猪，一方面能促进母猪采食，提高母猪对营养物质的利用率，改善肠道功能，减少便秘，加速母猪产后恢复；另一方面能提高日粮中营养物质的利用率，从而降低母猪***物中氮磷排放，实现绿色养殖。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于饲料领域，具体涉及一种低蛋白哺乳母猪用日粮。
背景技术
目前，我国居民猪肉消费占肉类消费的比例达到62％。猪饲料占我国配合饲料的43％，是饲料粮以及粮食安全的重要因素。然而，我国猪饲料的精准配制又面临着饲料原料种类多，同一饲料原料由于品种、产地、加工工艺等因素变异而造成了其营养价值变异大。在猪的方面，我国有多样化的猪品种，养殖水平、环境设施以及猪的营养需要量也各有不同。
所谓低蛋白质饲粮，是指与高蛋白质饲粮相比，其蛋白质水平较低的饲粮，这里的高蛋白质饲粮通常为典型饲粮或按某一饲养标准配制的饲粮。低蛋白质饲料可使猪日粮中粗蛋白质的水平降低2～4个百分点，从而减少蛋白原料的使用，提高饲料利用率，减少饲粮不合理消耗，降低饲料配方成本，减少氮的排放，并通过减少大肠蛋白质的发酵的毒副作用而改善肠道健康。低蛋白质饲料一般应用于仔猪或生长肥育猪的饲粮中。
母猪哺乳阶段一直是养殖中难过的时期，母猪产后不吃、少吃、子宫疾病频发等问题，严重影响了母猪的产后恢复和乳猪的饲养，甚至影响下次繁育质量，给养殖户带来巨大的经济损失。目前，将低蛋白质饲料应用在哺乳母猪饲料中还未见报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种低蛋白哺乳母猪用日粮，该日粮配方能降低生产成本，将该日粮饲喂哺乳母猪，一方面能促进母猪采食，提高母猪对营养物质的利用率，改善肠道功能，减少便秘，加速母猪产后恢复；另一方面能提高日粮中营养物质的利用率，从而降低母猪***物中氮磷排放，实现绿色养殖。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了一种低蛋白哺乳母猪用日粮，由以下重量份的组分配制而成：玉米29-34份、碎米7-8.5份、小麦20-25份、苜蓿2-5份、米糠5-8份、豆粕10-14份、蚕豆3-4份、蚕蛹1-3份、蚯蚓粉5-8份、芝麻油0.3-0.7份、大豆磷脂0.2-0.5份、磷酸氢钙0.1-0.3份、石粉1.1-1.8份、预混料2份、复合酶制剂0.01-0.04份、微生态制剂0.04-0.08份；
每千克所述低蛋白哺乳母猪用日粮中的预混料中包含以下营养成分：维生A2300-5000IU、维生素D3900-1300IU、维生素E50-100IU、维生素K0.5-1.5mg、维生素B11.5-5mg、维生素B25-15mg、维生素B61.5-8mg、维生素B1220-40ug、烟酰胺15-60mg、叶酸1.5-5.0mg、生物素0.3-20mg、泛酸15-30mg、胆碱1500-2500mg、铜6-10mg、铁90-150mg、锰40-100mg、锌50-90mg、硒0.2-0.5mg、碘0.4-8mg。
优选的，所述低蛋白哺乳母猪用日粮由以下重量份的组分配制而成：玉米32份、碎米7份、小麦25份、苜蓿3份、米糠5份、豆粕12份、蚕豆4份、蚕蛹2份、蚯蚓粉6份、芝麻油0.3份、大豆磷脂0.3份、磷酸氢钙0.2份、石粉1.2份、预混料2份、复合酶制剂0.01份、微生态制剂0.08份。
优选的，每千克复合酶制剂中含有5000-6000U的植酸酶、18000-30000U的木聚糖酶、500-700U的纤维素酶、4000-8000U的甘露聚糖酶。
优选的，微生态制剂含有屎肠球菌、丁酸梭菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌、酿酒酵母。
微生态制剂：湖北华扬科技发展有限公司生产，主要含有屎肠球菌、丁酸梭菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌、酿酒酵母等，其屎肠球菌≥1.0×109CFU/g，丁酸梭菌≥1.0×109CFU/g，枯草芽孢杆菌≥6.0×109CFU/g，地衣芽孢杆菌≥1.0×109CFU/g，酿酒酵母≥1.0×109CFU/g。作用及用途：调节动物肠道菌群平衡，改善肠道微生态环境，促进各种有益菌的生长，提高机体免疫机能，有效降低各类疾病的发生，同时具有营养补充和提高日粮利用率的作用，将其应用于本发明不仅可提高母猪免疫功能和促进母猪采食，还能解决母猪便秘的问题。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下优点：
(1)本发明减少了传统蛋白饲料豆粕的使用量，鱼粉零添加，补充添加蚕豆、蚕蛹、蚯蚓粉来满足母猪对氨基酸的营养需要；
(2)本发明减少了玉米、小麦大众原料的使用，添加碎米、米糠、苜蓿来满足母猪对能量日粮的需要；
(3)本发明添加的复合酶制剂、微生态制剂可以调节肠道pH，平衡肠道菌群，改善母猪消化功能、提高物质的利用率，从而减少粪便中氮磷排放，保护环境；
(4)本发明通过合理搭配日粮原料种类和用量，优化配方结构，各组分协同作用，一方面减少了玉米、小麦、豆粕的使用量，节约资源，另一方面促进了母猪采食，提高了母猪对营养物质的利用率，改善了肠道功能，减少了便秘，加速母猪产后恢复，保障乳猪得到较好饲养。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。
微生态制剂：湖北华扬科技发展有限公司生产，主要含有屎肠球菌、丁酸梭菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌、酿酒酵母等。
实施例一
一种低蛋白哺乳母猪用日粮，由以下重量份的组分配制而成：玉米29份、碎米8.5份、小麦23份、苜蓿5份、米糠6份、豆粕14份、蚕豆3份、蚕蛹1份、蚯蚓粉5份、芝麻油0.7份、大豆磷脂0.5份、磷酸氢钙0.1份、石粉1.8份、预混料2份、复合酶制剂0.04份、微生态制剂0.04份。
实施例二
一种低蛋白哺乳母猪用日粮，由以下重量份的组分配制而成：玉米32份、碎米7份、小麦25份、苜蓿3份、米糠5份、豆粕12份、蚕豆4份、蚕蛹2份、蚯蚓粉6份、芝麻油0.3份、大豆磷脂0.3份、磷酸氢钙0.2份、石粉1.2份、预混料2份、复合酶制剂0.01份、微生态制剂0.08份。
实施例三
一种低蛋白哺乳母猪用日粮，由以下重量份的组分配制而成：玉米34份、碎米7份、小麦20份、苜蓿2份、米糠8份、豆粕10份、蚕豆4份、蚕蛹3份、蚯蚓粉8份、芝麻油0.4份、大豆磷脂0.2份、磷酸氢钙0.3份、石粉1.1份、预混料2份、复合酶制剂0.02份、微生态制剂0.05份。
对照组饲喂的日粮配方如下：玉米34份、碎米12份、小麦26份、米糠5份、豆粕16份、鱼粉3份、豆油0.5份、磷脂粉0.4份、磷酸氢钙0.2份、石粉1.5份、预混料2份、复合酶制剂0.02份、微生态制剂0.03份。
对照组、实施例一至实施例三中，每千克日粮中的预混料中包含以下营养成分：维生A2300-5000IU、维生素D3900-1300IU、维生素E50-100IU、维生素K0.5-1.5mg、维生素B11.5-5mg、维生素B25-15mg、维生素B61.5-8mg、维生素B1220-40ug、烟酰胺15-60mg、叶酸1.5-5.0mg、生物素0.3-20mg、泛酸15-30mg、胆碱1500-2500mg、铜6-10mg、铁90-150mg、锰40-100mg、锌50-90mg、硒0.2-0.5mg、碘0.4-8mg。
对照组、实施例一至实施例三中，每千克复合酶制剂中含有5000-6000U的植酸酶、18000-30000U的木聚糖酶、500-700U的纤维素酶、4000-8000U的甘露聚糖酶。
对照组、实施例一至实施例三中，微生态制剂含有屎肠球菌、丁酸梭菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌、酿酒酵母。
为进一步验证本发明的使用效果，本试验选取体重相近、胎龄相近的100头母猪，试验猪分成4组，每组25头，分别饲喂对照组及实施例一至实施例三配制得到的日粮。母猪的饲养管理按猪场的常规要求进行，试验期间饲喂、消毒等管理措施均一致。该试验自母猪分娩当天开始，共进行20天。实验结束后，统计每组的母猪的繁殖性能和仔猪的生长性能，结果如下表1所示。
表1不同日粮对母猪和仔猪生长性能的影响
| 项目 | 对照组 | 实施例一 | 实施例二 | 实施例三 |
| 母猪断奶重(kg) | 211 | 211 | 213 | 211 |
| 母猪日采食量(kg) | 8.50 | 8.53 | 8.57 | 8.56 |
| 仔猪初重(kg) | 1.60 | 1.62 | 1.62 | 1.62 |
| 仔猪日增重(g/d) | 237 | 238 | 240 | 238 |
| 仔猪断奶重(kg) | 6.34 | 6.36 | 6.40 | 6.37 |
| 仔猪死淘率(％) | 4.93 | 4.71 | 4.62 | 4.66 |
由表1可以看出，与对照组相比，饲喂实施例一至三中日粮的母猪各项繁殖指标和仔猪的生长指标均无显著差异，但各指标均优于对照组，其中以实施例二中的效果最好。这说明母猪日粮中减少玉米、小麦、豆粕大众原料的添加，不添加鱼粉，补充添加其他能量及易消化的蛋白原料，结合酶制剂与微生态制剂，可以充分发挥各物质间的组合效应，母猪的繁殖性能也不会下降，还略有提升。上述实验结果证明，本发明配制得到的低蛋白哺乳母猪用日粮能够较好的提高物质的利用率，促进母猪采食，解决母猪产后不食、少食问题，还能够使母猪尽快恢复，保障乳猪得到较好饲养，减少仔猪死淘率。
Claims (4)
1.一种低蛋白哺乳母猪用日粮，其特征在于，由以下重量份的组分配制而成：玉米29-34份、碎米7-8.5份、小麦20-25份、苜蓿2-5份、米糠5-8份、豆粕10-14份、蚕豆3-4份、蚕蛹1-3份、蚯蚓粉5-8份、芝麻油0.3-0.7份、大豆磷脂0.2-0.5份、磷酸氢钙0.1-0.3份、石粉1.1-1.8份、预混料2份、复合酶制剂0.01-0.04份、微生态制剂0.04-0.08份；
每千克所述低蛋白哺乳母猪用日粮中的预混料中包含以下营养成分：维生A 2300-5000IU、维生素D3 900-1300IU、维生素E 50-100IU、维生素K 0.5-1.5mg、维生素B1 1.5-5mg、维生素B2 5-15mg、维生素B6 1.5-8mg、维生素B12 20-40ug、烟酰胺15-60mg、叶酸1.5-5.0mg、生物素0.3-20mg、泛酸15-30mg、胆碱1500-2500mg、铜6-10mg、铁90-150mg、锰40-100mg、锌50-90mg、硒0.2-0.5mg、碘0.4-8mg。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种低蛋白哺乳母猪用日粮，其特征在于，由以下重量份的组分配制而成：玉米32份、碎米7份、小麦25份、苜蓿3份、米糠5份、豆粕12份、蚕豆4份、蚕蛹2份、蚯蚓粉6份、芝麻油0.3份、大豆磷脂0.3份、磷酸氢钙0.2份、石粉1.2份、预混料2份、复合酶制剂0.01份、微生态制剂0.08份。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种低蛋白哺乳母猪用日粮，其特征在于，每千克复合酶制剂中含有5000-6000U的植酸酶、18000-30000U的木聚糖酶、500-700U的纤维素酶、4000-8000U的甘露聚糖酶。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种低蛋白哺乳母猪用日粮，其特征在于，微生态制剂含有屎肠球菌、丁酸梭菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌、酿酒酵母。
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