CN114086503A - Biological migration channel for submerged dike and mangrove combined ecological coast - Google Patents
Biological migration channel for submerged dike and mangrove combined ecological coast Download PDFInfo
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- CN114086503A CN114086503A CN202111438695.8A CN202111438695A CN114086503A CN 114086503 A CN114086503 A CN 114086503A CN 202111438695 A CN202111438695 A CN 202111438695A CN 114086503 A CN114086503 A CN 114086503A
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- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
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- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000011664 nicotinic acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000009991 scouring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 244000069378 Aegiceras corniculatum Species 0.000 description 2
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- 241000047339 Salicornia brachystachya Species 0.000 description 2
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- 241001516694 Cratoxylum Species 0.000 description 1
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- 241001018563 Nekemias grossedentata Species 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/06—Moles; Piers; Quays; Quay walls; Groynes; Breakwaters ; Wave dissipating walls; Quay equipment
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B8/00—Details of barrages or weirs ; Energy dissipating devices carried by lock or dry-dock gates
- E02B8/08—Fish passes or other means providing for migration of fish; Passages for rafts or boats
- E02B8/085—Devices allowing fish migration, e.g. fish traps
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
- Y02A10/11—Hard structures, e.g. dams, dykes or breakwaters
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/60—Ecological corridors or buffer zones
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of coastal zones, ocean engineering and ocean environment protection engineering, and particularly discloses a biological migration channel for an ecological coast combined by an immersed dike and a mangrove forest, which comprises an immersed dike zone and a mangrove forest zone, wherein the immersed dike zone is filled with a dike body formed by broken stones, the immersed dike zone is mainly filled with the dike body formed by broken stones, the submerged dike zone is used for bearing the good stress characteristic of axial force only under the uniform load by utilizing an arch structure, and comprises biological migration channels, channel wall surfaces, breakwater protecting surfaces, dyke core stones and riprap protecting feet, wherein the biological migration channels are provided with a plurality of groups and are arranged at the bottom of the dike body at intervals, and the biological migration channels are arranged at different diameters; the arch wall of the biological migration channel is made of bionic stone, broken stones are paved at the bottom of the biological migration channel, and an anti-scouring assembly is arranged on the inner sides of the broken stones. The invention adopts the combined ecological shoreline of the mangrove in the intertidal zone and the submerged dike at the tail end of the intertidal zone, and compared with the traditional earth-rock sea dike, the invention has the advantages of environmental protection, landscape and good hydrophilicity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of coastal zones, ocean engineering and ocean environment protection engineering, in particular to a biological migration channel for a submerged dike and mangrove combined ecological coast.
Background
With global warming and sea level rising, marine disasters occur frequently, and China is one of the most serious countries of the world with marine disasters. In the coastal intertidal zones of tropical and subtropical regions, a naturally growing biological environment, mangrove, is often associated. When the mangrove forest reaches a certain width and scale. Can completely resist storm surge and even tsunami, and brings great protection to the lives and properties of people along the shore.
The growth cycle of the mangrove forest is as long as 5-10 years, and when the mangrove forest does not reach the width and is connected in a sheet mode, one typhoon can be washed out. Therefore, the use of the submerged dike for protecting the mangrove forest from growing can help improve the biological environment of the mangrove forest and prevent the mangrove forest from suffering disasters. However, mangrove is not a plant that intuitively defends against marine disasters, but a biological community including animals and plants, microorganisms, saline and alkaline environments, moderate temperature and flood tides, and the like, rather than just plants. Because the submerged dike has a certain height, the traditional solid submerged dike blocks the exchange of bottom substances and energy between seawater and the mangrove intertidal zone.
In many published patents, no technology for cultivating mangrove forest by using submerged dikes has been proposed, and no biological migration channel has appeared in submerged dikes. The invention relates to a biological migration channel for a submerged dike and a mangrove combined ecological coast and a manufacturing method thereof, which are novel structural forms for protecting marine environment and resisting marine disasters in tropical and subtropical areas. The method is characterized in that a biological migration channel is manufactured in an submerged dike by utilizing bionic materials and plant fibers, the submerged dike with the biological migration channel is utilized to cultivate the habitat of the mangrove, and the effects of defending against marine disasters and protecting the marine ecological environment are achieved by utilizing the combined action of the submerged dike and the mangrove behind the dike.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to provide a biological migration channel for an ecological coast combined by a submerged dike and a mangrove forest, so as to solve the problems of the background art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a biological migration channel for an ecological coast combining an underwall and a mangrove comprises an underwall belt and a mangrove belt, wherein the underwall belt is filled with a dyke body formed by broken stones, the underwall belt is mainly filled with a dyke body formed by broken stones, the excellent stress characteristic that the 'arch' structure only bears axial force under uniform load is utilized, the underwall belt comprises the biological migration channel, a channel wall surface, a breakwater protective surface, dyke core stones and riprap protective feet, wherein the biological migration channel is provided with a plurality of groups which are arranged at the bottom of the dyke body at intervals, and the plurality of groups of biological migration channels are arranged in unequal diameters; the bottom of the biological migration channel is paved with broken stones, and an anti-scouring assembly is arranged on the inner sides of the broken stones; the mangrove forest belt is located in an intertidal zone between the submerged dike belt and the continent, and comprises animals, plants, microorganisms, a saline-alkali environment, a proper temperature and a fluctuation tide.
Preferably, the scour prevention assembly is a plant fiber non-woven fabric bag, the scour prevention assembly is paved and filled along the biological migration channel to form a migration channel bottom with a gradient not less than 3% and inclined downwards from the land to the sea, and the scour prevention assembly is used for preventing silt from accumulating and flowing backwards.
Preferably, the arrangement number and size of the biological migration channels are arranged at intervals according to the biological populations in the region.
Preferably, the distance between the biological migration channels is 15-20 m, wherein the diameter of the small channel is 30-50 cm, and the diameter of the large channel is 100-120 cm, so that the biological traffic of different scales is met.
Preferably, the submerged embankment belt is provided with breakwater protecting surfaces facing the sea surface, on the top and on the back and avoiding the biological migration channel, the breakwater protecting surfaces include but are not limited to a twisting king block, a twisting I-shaped block and a fence plate, and the foot part facing the sea surface is provided with a riprap protecting foot.
Preferably, the mangrove forest belt is located in the intertidal zone between the submerged dike and the continent, including animals and plants, microorganisms, saline-alkali environment, proper temperature, flood tide and the like, and soil improvement can be carried out if necessary due to the requirement of salinity and alkalinity of the mangrove forest foundation. The mangrove animals and plants mainly comprise radix tinosporae, Kandelia candel, Laguanmu, radix tinosporae, Aegiceras corniculatum, Salicornia Herbacea, Cratoxylum indicum, Pacific, Ampelopsis grossedentata, Sciadophyllum amoena, Sciadopitys amoena, Tachypleus tridentata, etc.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention adopts the combined ecological shoreline of the mangrove in the intertidal zone and the submerged dike at the tail end of the intertidal zone, compared with the traditional earth-rock sea dike, the invention has the advantages of environmental protection, landscape and good hydrophilicity; compared with a single mangrove forest belt, the moisture-proof land using width is small; compared with a single submerged dike, the submerged dike has strong wave eliminating and moisture preventing capabilities. Meanwhile, the migration channel is used for ecological protection combining an embankment and a mangrove forest, can effectively improve the exchange capacity of land and sea material energy, and creates a good condition for long-term symbiosis for the embankment and the mangrove behind the embankment.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a view showing a scenario of a biological migration channel for a submerged dike and a mangrove combined ecological coast according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a biological migration channel for a submerged dike and mangrove forest combined ecological coast according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a front view of a biological migration passage 1 for a submerged dike and mangrove combined ecological coast according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a top view of a biological migration passage 1 for a submerged dike and mangrove combined ecological coast according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is an axonometric view of a biological migration passage 1 for a submerged dike and mangrove combined ecological coast of the invention.
In the figure: 1. a submerged dike zone; 2. mangrove forest belt; 3. a biological migration channel; 301. a first migration channel; 302. a second migration channel; 303. the migration channel bottom; 4. the wall surface of the channel; 5. a breakwater armor; 6. dyke core stones; 7. and 4, protecting feet by throwing stones.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "vertical", "upper", "lower", "horizontal", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly and may, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
Referring to fig. 1-5, the present invention provides a technical solution: a biological migration channel for an ecological coast combining an submerged dike and a mangrove comprises a submerged dike belt 1 and a mangrove belt 2, wherein the submerged dike belt 1 is filled with breakwaters formed by broken stones, the submerged dike belt 1 comprises a biological migration channel 3, a channel wall surface 4, a breakwater protective surface 5, dyke core stones 6 and rubble protection legs 7, the biological migration channel 3 is provided with a plurality of groups and is arranged at the bottom of the dike body at intervals, and the plurality of groups of biological migration channels 3 are arranged in unequal diameters; the arched wall of the biological migration channel 3 is made of bionic stone, broken stones are paved at the bottom of the biological migration channel 3, and an anti-scouring assembly is arranged on the inner sides of the broken stones; the mangrove forest belt 2 is located in an intertidal zone between the submerged dike belt 1 and the continent, and the mangrove forest belt 2 comprises animals, plants, microorganisms, a saline-alkali environment, a proper temperature and a fluctuation tide.
In this embodiment, scour prevention subassembly is plant fiber non-woven sack, and scour prevention subassembly is along 3 fill of biological migration passageway at the bottom of the migration passageway 303 that is the slope of slope formation not less than 3% from land to sea downward sloping, and scour prevention subassembly is in order to prevent silt siltation and backward flow.
In this embodiment, the arrangement number and size of the biological migration channels 3 are arranged at intervals according to the biological population in the region.
In this embodiment, the arrangement number and size of the biological migration channels 3 are arranged at intervals according to the biological population in the region.
In the embodiment, the distance between the biological migration channels 3 is 15-20 m, wherein the diameter of the small channel is 30-50 cm, and the diameter of the large channel is 100-120 cm, so that the biological traffic of different scales can be met.
In this embodiment, the submerged embankment belt 1 is provided with breakwater protecting surfaces 5 facing the sea surface, on the top and on the back of the sea surface and avoiding the biological migration channel 3, the breakwater protecting surfaces 5 include but are not limited to a wrest queen cell block, a wrest i-shaped block and a fence plate, and the parts of the parts facing the sea surface are provided with riprap protecting feet 7.
In this embodiment, the biological migration channel 3 includes channel walls and channel bottoms arranged at intervals of different sizes. The channel walls and the channel bottom are made of biological materials.
The invention is implemented as follows: selecting a zone suitable for the growth of mangrove forest in a coastal zone to be developed for ecological protection or restoration, reserving the width of the mangrove zone in an intertidal zone, and implementing a submerged dike zone 1 at the tail end of the intertidal zone extending to the sea. The submerged embankment belt 1 comprises a biological migration channel 3, a channel wall surface 4, a breakwater protective surface 5, embankment core stones 6 and riprap protective feet 7.
The implementation sequence is as follows:
the wall surfaces 4 of the channels with different sizes are manufactured in advance by adopting bionic stone materials;
underwater paving and filling a plant fiber non-woven cloth bag filled with broken stones to form a migration channel bottom 303 with the gradient not less than 3%;
installing a channel wall surface 4 underwater to form a first migration channel 301 and a second migration channel 302 which are arranged in an equidistant mode and have different sizes;
meanwhile, the channel 4 is covered with dyke core stones 6, in order to prevent the channel from being damaged, when the dyke core stones 6 are implemented, the dyke core stones 6 are uniformly paved and filled by taking the arch center as the symmetrical axial two sides, and the wall surface 4 of the channel is prevented from being overloaded on one side; then stone is thrown at the bottom of the sea-facing side to protect the feet 7;
finally, the breakwater protecting surface 5 is installed.
Synchronously, the mangrove belt 2 can be implemented in the intertidal zone, and the width of the mangrove belt 2 is recommended to be more than 30 m. The mangrove plants mainly comprise radix tinosporae, Kandelia candel, Laguanmu, radix tinosporae, Aegiceras corniculatum, Salicornia europaea, and folium Adenophorae. By putting small species such as fish and shrimp, mangrove animals and microorganisms are induced to approach the mangrove area.
When the sea wave submarine gate is used, the sea wave firstly encounters the first breakwater submerged bank belt 1, the submerged bank belt 1 can counteract part of the sea wave, the sea wave crosses the submerged bank belt 1 to reach the mangrove forest belt 2, the mangrove forest continuously dissipates the waves, and the sea wave is greatly weakened when reaching a coastline;
meanwhile, under the dual action of the submerged dike and the mangrove, the protection time of the coastline is long, and when the coastline encounters extreme tsunamis, the time of sea waves arriving at the bank can be delayed, so that precious time is won for people to escape. The biological migration channel is arranged in the submerged dike, so that the submerged dike can play a role in wave dissipation, and conditions are created for sea and land material exchange.
In conclusion, the biological migration channel is made of ecological materials and installed in the submerged dike, ocean disasters are resisted through double wave dissipation of the submerged dike and the mangrove, and the biological migration channel is utilized to create an energy exchange condition of water and land substances, so that a biological environment of the mangrove is created. Better solves the problems of fragility of the pure mangrove forest belt at the initial growth stage and the requirement of occupying a larger width of land
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (5)
1. The biological migration channel for the ecological coast combining the submerged dike and the mangrove is characterized by comprising a submerged dike belt (1) and a mangrove belt (2), wherein the submerged dike belt (1) is filled with a dike body formed by broken stones, the submerged dike belt (1) comprises a biological migration channel (3), a channel wall surface (4), a breakwater protective surface (5), dyke core stones (6) and riprap protection feet (7), a plurality of groups of biological migration channels (3) are arranged at the bottom of the dike body at intervals, and the groups of biological migration channels (3) are arranged in different diameters; the arched wall of the biological migration channel (3) is made of bionic stone, broken stones are paved at the bottom of the biological migration channel (3), and an anti-scouring assembly is arranged on the inner sides of the broken stones; the mangrove forest belt (2) is located in an intertidal zone between the submerged dike belt (1) and a continent, and the mangrove forest belt (2) comprises animals, plants, microorganisms, a saline-alkali environment, a proper temperature and a rising and falling tide.
2. The biological migration channel for the submerged dike and the mangrove combined ecological coast as claimed in claim 1, wherein: scour prevention subassembly is the non-woven sack of vegetable fibre, and scour prevention subassembly is at the bottom of along biological migration passageway (3) the fill be from land to the marine downward sloping formation migration passageway (303) that are not less than 3% slope, scour prevention subassembly in order to prevent silt siltation and backward flow.
3. The biological migration channel for the submerged dike and the mangrove combined ecological coast as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the arrangement quantity and size of the biological migration channels (3) are arranged at intervals according to the biological populations in the region.
4. The biological migration channel for the submerged dike and the mangrove combined ecological coast as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the distance between the biological migration channels (3) is 15-20 m, wherein the diameter of the small channel is 30-50 cm, and the diameter of the large channel is 100-120 cm, so that the biological migration channels with different scales can pass through.
5. The biological migration channel for the submerged dike and the mangrove combined ecological coast as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the submerged embankment belt (1) is faced to the sea, the top and the back of the sea and avoids the biological migration channel (3), breakwater protecting surfaces (5) are arranged, the breakwater protecting surfaces (5) comprise, but are not limited to, twisting nut blocks, twisting I-shaped blocks and fence plates, and riprap protecting feet (7) are arranged at the parts facing the sea.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2021107722704 | 2021-07-06 | ||
| CN202110772270 | 2021-07-06 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN114086503A true CN114086503A (en) | 2022-02-25 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202111438695.8A Pending CN114086503A (en) | 2021-07-06 | 2021-11-29 | Biological migration channel for submerged dike and mangrove combined ecological coast |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN207392163U (en) * | 2017-10-10 | 2018-05-22 | 天科院环境科技发展（天津）有限公司 | One species nature vertical seam type fish channel |
| CN208039153U (en) * | 2018-02-01 | 2018-11-02 | 交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究所 | It can keep the ecological breakwater that flow is unimpeded |
| CN111206538A (en) * | 2020-01-15 | 2020-05-29 | 浙江大学 | Mangrove and submerged dike coupled ecological breakwater |
| CN112681220A (en) * | 2021-01-08 | 2021-04-20 | 福州大学 | Mangrove forest ecological breakwater with stepped drop energy dissipation and working method thereof |
-
2021
- 2021-11-29 CN CN202111438695.8A patent/CN114086503A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN207392163U (en) * | 2017-10-10 | 2018-05-22 | 天科院环境科技发展（天津）有限公司 | One species nature vertical seam type fish channel |
| CN208039153U (en) * | 2018-02-01 | 2018-11-02 | 交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究所 | It can keep the ecological breakwater that flow is unimpeded |
| CN111206538A (en) * | 2020-01-15 | 2020-05-29 | 浙江大学 | Mangrove and submerged dike coupled ecological breakwater |
| CN112681220A (en) * | 2021-01-08 | 2021-04-20 | 福州大学 | Mangrove forest ecological breakwater with stepped drop energy dissipation and working method thereof |
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