CN114050709B - 一种三电平载波脉宽调制方法 - Google Patents

一种三电平载波脉宽调制方法 Download PDF

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CN114050709B
CN114050709B CN202111065529.8A CN202111065529A CN114050709B CN 114050709 B CN114050709 B CN 114050709B CN 202111065529 A CN202111065529 A CN 202111065529A CN 114050709 B CN114050709 B CN 114050709B
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pulse width
width modulation
capacitor voltage
sequence component
zero sequence
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CN114050709A (zh
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邹宇航
张犁
郑仲舒
张哲�
邢岩
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
Hohai University HHU
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Hohai University HHU
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
    • H02M1/084—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters using a control circuit common to several phases of a multi-phase system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
    • H02M1/088—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters for the simultaneous control of series or parallel connected semiconductor devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M7/2173—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a biphase or polyphase circuit arrangement
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M7/219—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Rectifiers (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种三电平载波脉宽调制方法，通过一个统一的表达式实现连续脉宽调制、断续脉宽调制和中点电位调控。所述三电平载波脉宽调制方法包括马鞍波生成、基本零序分量注入、和冗余零序分量注入。马鞍波生成环节将三相正弦参考信号变换为马鞍波，变换前后幅值相等；向马鞍波中注入基本零序分量使得所发明载波脉宽调制与空间矢量调制等效；再注入冗余零序分量可以调整三电平调制中正、负小矢量的作用时间。通过调节冗余零序分量注入，所提载波脉宽调制可实现连续脉宽调制、断续脉宽调制以及中点电位调控。

Description

一种三电平载波脉宽调制方法
技术领域
本发明属于电力电子变换器技术领域，特别涉及了三相三电平AC/DC变流器的载波脉宽调制方法。
背景技术
作为交流电网与直流用电设备、新能源发电装置的接口变流，三相AC/DC变流器被广泛应用于新能源发电***、航空电源、电动汽车充电等领域。相比于空间矢量调制(Space-Vector Pulse Width Modulation，SV-PWM)，载波脉宽调制(Carrier-Based PulseWidth Modulation，CB-PWM)具有更便捷的数字实现，更适用于高频数字控制。现有技术文献“L.Hang，B.Li，M.Zhang，Y.Wang and L.M.Tolbert，Equivalence of SVM and Carrier-Based PWM in Three-Phase/Wire/Level Vienna Rectifier and Capability ofUnbalanced-Load Control，in IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics，vol.61，no.1，pp.20-28，Jan.2014，doi：10.1109/TIE.2013.2240637.”和“R.Burgos，R.Lai，Y.Pei，F.Wang，D.Boroyevich and J.Pou，Space Vector Modulator for Vienna-Type Rectifiers Based on the Equivalence Between Two-and Three-LevelConverters：A Carrier-Based Implementation，in IEEE Transactions on PowerElectronics，vol.23，no.4，pp.1888-1898，July 2008，doi：10.1109/TPEL.2008.925180.”总结出了与SV-PWM完全等效的CB-PWM，减小了调制环节的计算量，但是这二者仅研究了连续脉宽调制(Continuous Pulse Width Modulation，CPWM)，未对不连续脉宽调制(Discontinuous Pulse Width Modulation，DPWM)展开研究。相比于CPWM，DPWM能够减小1/3的开关次数，提高变流器效率，也是CB-PWM的重要部分。现有技术文献“K.Li，M.Wei，C.Xie，F.Deng，J.M.Guerrero and J.C.Vasquez，Triangle Carrier-Based DPWM forThree-Level NPC Inverters，in IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics inPower Electronics，vol.6，no.4，pp.1966-1978，Dec.2018，doi：10.1109/JESTPE.2018.2812704.”在零序分量中添加一个可变系数，通过控制该系数的取值，该策略可实现CPWM和DPWM以及中点电位调控。但是在策略中使能DPWM时，可变系数的取值仍需扇区判断。因此该策略并不是完全的载波调制策略，计算量仍然较大。因此，有必要研究一种三电平载波脉宽调制方法，通过一个表达式实现CPWM、DPWM和中点电位调控，从而统一并简化CB-PWM的数字实现过程。
发明内容
为了解决上述背景技术提到的技术问题，发明了一种三电平载波脉宽调制方法。
为了实现上述技术目的，本发明的技术方案为：
一种三电平载波脉宽调制方法，其特征在于向三相马鞍波中注入基本零序分量、冗余零序分量以实现连续脉宽调制、断续脉宽调制和中点电位平衡；
所述三相马鞍波由三相正弦参考信号计算，其中三相正弦参考信号如式I所示，三相马鞍波由式II计算，其中umX为三相正弦参考信号；umax和umin分别为三相正弦参考信号中的最大值和最小值；为三相马鞍波；M为标幺化调制波幅值，也是调制比；ω为三相输入电压角频率；
所述基本零序分量由式III计算，式中uz.base为基本零序分量， 和/>分别为式II所生成的三相马鞍波中的最大值、中间值和最小值；sign(x)为取符号函数，当x大于0时输出1，当x小于0时输出-1；uz.2为计算所需的中间变量；
所述冗余零序分量计算；冗余零序分量由式IV计算，其中min{}函数为取所有元素的最小值函数，ks1为冗余零序分量的分配比例，uz.red为冗余零序分量；
所述三电平载波脉宽调制方法表达式如式V所示，其中umX.UCB为三电平载波脉宽调制方法的调制波。
进一步地，通过判断和uz.2的符号计算ks1的值实现不同的断续脉宽调制DPWM；此时ks1由式VI计算：
其中DPWM1、DPWM2、DPWM3、DPWM4为四种断续脉宽调制DPWM；DPWM1的箝位区域位于过零和峰值点附近，DPWM2的箝位区域位于过零和峰值点之间，DPWM3的箝位区域仅位于峰值点附近，DPWM4的箝位区域仅位于过零点附近。
进一步地，通过比例-积分控制器控制ks1的取值实现连续脉宽调制CPWM型中点电位调控；连续脉宽调制CPWM型中点电位调控包括减法器和比例-积分控制器；三电平AC/DC变换器直流侧***电容的下电容电压和上电容电压分别经采样电路连接到减法器的正输入端和负输入端，减法器的输出为上下电容电压之差；上下电容电压之差连接到比例-积分控制器的输入端，比例-积分控制器的输出即为冗余零序分量的分配比例ks1。
进一步地，通过滞环控制器控制ks1的取值实现断续脉宽调制DPWM型中点电位调控；断续脉宽调制DPWM型中点电位调控包括减法器和滞环控制器；三电平AC/DC变换器直流侧***电容的下电容电压和上电容电压分别经采样电路连接到减法器的正输入端和负输入端，减法器的输出为上下电容电压之差；上下电容电压之差连接到滞环控制器的输入端，滞环控制器的输出即为冗余零序分量的分配比例ks1；当上下电容电压之差大于滞环上限时滞环控制器输出0.5，当滞环上下电容电压之差小于滞环下限时滞环控制器输出-0.5。
附图说明
图1为三电平载波脉宽调制方法计算流程框图；
图2为四种断续脉宽调制DPWM的箝位区域示意图；
图3为两种典型AC/DC变换器拓扑；
图4为基于连续脉宽调制CPWM和断续脉宽调制DPWM的两种中点电位控制框图；
图5为采用本发明的实验波形；
具体实施方式
以下将结合附图，对本发明的技术方案进行详细说明。
如图1所示为所发明的三电平载波脉宽调制方法计算流程框图。
如图1所示，所发明的三电平载波脉宽调制方法包括马鞍波生成、基本零序分量注入和冗余零序分量注入；
所述三相马鞍波由三相正弦参考信号计算，其中三相正弦参考信号如式I所示，三相马鞍波由式II计算，其中umX为三相正弦参考信号；umax和umin分别为三相正弦参考信号中的最大值和最小值；为三相马鞍波；M为标幺化调制波幅值，也是调制比；ω为三相输入电压角频率；
所述基本零序分量由式III计算，式中uz.base为基本零序分量， 和/>分别为式II所生成的三相马鞍波中的最大值、中间值和最小值；sign(x)为取符号函数，当x大于0时输出1，当x小于0时输出-1；uz.2为计算所需的中间变量；
所述冗余零序分量计算；冗余零序分量由式IV计算，其中min{}函数为取所有元素的最小值函数，ks1为冗余零序分量的分配比例，uz.red为冗余零序分量；
所述三电平载波脉宽调制方法表达式如式V所示，其中umX.UCB为三电平载波脉宽调制方法的调制波。
图2为四种常用断续脉宽调制DPWM的箝位区域示意图，其中DPWM1的箝位区域位于过零和峰值点附近，DPWM2的箝位区域位于过零和峰值点之间，DPWM3的箝位区域仅位于峰值点附近，DPWM4的箝位区域仅位于过零点附近；基于所发明的三电平载波脉宽调制，通过判断和uz.2的符号计算ks1的值实现不同的断续脉宽调制DPWM；此时ks1由式VI计算。
图3为两种典型的三相三电平AC/DC变换器拓扑，图3(a)是维也纳整流器拓扑，图3(b)为T型AC/DC变换器拓扑，图中Udc1表示上电容电压，Udc2表示下电容电压；ux表示交流电网电压(x＝A，B，C)；ix表示交流输入电流(x＝A，B，C)；Lx表示交流侧输入滤波电感(x＝A，B，C)；Sx表示开关管(x＝1，2...12)，本例中开关管使用MOSFET；Dx表示二极管(x＝1，2...6)；RL表示直流侧负载。
图4(a)为使用本发明实现连续脉宽调制CPWM型中点电位调控的控制框图；如图4(a)所示，连续脉宽调制CPWM型中点电位调控包括减法器和比例-积分控制器；三电平AC/DC变换器直流侧***电容的下电容电压Udc2和上电容电压Udc1分别经采样电路连接到减法器的正输入端和负输入端，减法器的输出为上下电容电压之差Δudc；Δudc连接到比例-积分控制器的输入端，比例-积分控制器的输出即为冗余零序分量的分配比例ks1。
图4(b)为使用本发明实现断续脉宽调制DPWM型中点电位调控的控制框图；如图4(b)所示，断续脉宽调制DPWM型中点电位调控包括减法器和滞环控制器；三电平AC/DC变换器直流侧***电容的下电容电压Udc2和上电容电压Udc1分别经采样电路连接到减法器的正输入端和负输入端，减法器的输出为上下电容电压之差Δudc；Δudc连接到滞环控制器的输入端，滞环控制器的输出即为冗余零序分量的分配比例ks1；当Δudc大于滞环上限时滞环控制器输出0.5，当Δudc小于滞环下限时滞环控制器输出-0.5。
实验，使用维也纳整流器样机验证所发明的三电平载波脉宽调制策略，样机输入电压为航空电网标准：115V/400Hz，输出电压为320V，功率为5kW。维也纳整流器拓扑已在图3(a)中给出。图5为实验波形，图中Udc1和Udc2分别为直流母线上下滤波电容电压，UAO为A相桥臂电压，iA为A相输入电流。图5(a)给出了未注入冗余零序分量时的实验波形，可以看到在一个基波周期内桥臂电压没有箝位区域，所提载波脉宽调制可以实现连续脉宽调制CPWM；图5(b)给出了DPWM1的实验波形，ks1由式VI计算，可以看到箝位区域位于调制波过零点和峰值点附近，与图2(a)所示一致，因此所提载波脉宽调制可以实现DPWM1；图5(c)给出了DPWM2的实验波形，ks1由式VI计算，可以看到箝位区域位于调制波过零点和峰值点之间，与图2(b)所示一致，因此所提载波脉宽调制可以实现DPWM2；图5(d)给出了DPWM3的实验波形，ks1由式VI计算，可以看到箝位区域仅位于峰值点附近，与图2(c)所示一致，因此所提载波脉宽调制可以实现DPWM3；图5(e)给出了DPWM4的实验波形，ks1由式VI计算，可以看到箝位区域仅位于过零点附近，与图2(d)所示一致，因此所提载波脉宽调制可以实现DPWM4；图5(f)给出了连续脉宽调制CPWM型中点电位调控的动态波形，可以看到使能中点电位调控后，中点电位迅速平衡且桥臂中没有箝位区域，因此所提三电平载波脉宽调制策略可以实现连续脉宽调制CPWM型中点电位调控；图5(g)给出了断续脉宽调制DPWM型中点电位调控的动态实验波形，可以看到，使能中点电位调控后中点电位迅速平衡，且桥臂电压中存在箝位区域，说明所提三电平载波脉宽调制可以实现断续脉宽调制DPWM型中点电位调控。
实施例仅为说明本发明的技术思想，不能以此限定本发明的保护范围，凡是按照本发明提出的技术思想，在技术方案基础上所做的任何改动，均落入本发明保护范围之内。

Claims (4)

1.一种三电平载波脉宽调制方法，其特征在于向三相马鞍形调制波中注入基本零序分量、冗余零序分量以实现连续脉宽调制、断续脉宽调制和中点电位平衡，所述方法包括：
(1)马鞍波生成；基于式I所示三相正弦参考信号，三相马鞍波由式II生成，其中umX为三相正弦参考信号；umax和umin分别为三相正弦参考信号中的最大值和最小值；为三相马鞍波；M为标幺化调制波幅值，也是调制比；ω为三相输入电压角频率；
(2)基本零序分量计算；基本零序分量由式III计算，式中uz.base为基本零序分量，和/>分别为式II所生成的三相马鞍波中的最大值、中间值和最小值；sign(x)为取符号函数，当x大于0时输出1，当x小于0时输出-1；uz.2为计算所需的中间变量；
(3)冗余零序分量计算；冗余零序分量由式IV计算，其中min{}函数为取所有元素的最小值函数；ks1为冗余零序分量的分配比例，其值域为[-0.5，0.5]；uz.red为冗余零序分量；
基于以上三步，三电平载波脉宽调制方法表达式如式V所示，其中umX.UCB为三电平载波脉宽调制方法的调制波。
2.根据权利要求1所述三电平载波脉宽调制方法，其特征在于：当ks1在-0.5到0.5之间连续变化时，调制方法为连续脉宽调制CPWM；当ks1取-0.5或0.5时，调制方法为断续脉宽调制DPWM。
3.根据权利要求1所述三电平载波脉宽调制方法，其特征在于：通过判断和uz.2的符号计算ks1的值实现不同的断续脉宽调制DPWM；此时ks1由式VI计算：
其中DPWM1、DPWM2、DPWM3、DPWM4为四种断续脉宽调制DPWM；DPWM1的箝位区域位于过零和峰值点附近，DPWM2的箝位区域位于过零和峰值点之间，DPWM3的箝位区域仅位于峰值点附近，DPWM4的箝位区域仅位于过零点附近。
4.根据权利要求1所述三电平载波脉宽调制方法，其特征在于：通过比例-积分控制器控制ks1的取值实现连续脉宽调制CPWM型中点电位调控；连续脉宽调制CPWM型中点电位调控包括减法器和比例-积分控制器；三电平AC/DC变换器直流侧***电容的下电容电压和上电容电压分别经采样电路连接到减法器的正输入端和负输入端，减法器的输出为上下电容电压之差；上下电容电压之差连接到比例-积分控制器的输入端，比例-积分控制器的输出即为冗余零序分量的分配比例ks1；通过滞环控制器控制ks1的取值实现断续脉宽调制DPWM型中点电位调控；断续脉宽调制DPWM型中点电位调控包括减法器和滞环控制器；三电平AC/DC变换器直流侧***电容的下电容电压和上电容电压分别经采样电路连接到减法器的正输入端和负输入端，减法器的输出为上下电容电压之差；上下电容电压之差连接到滞环控制器的输入端，滞环控制器的输出即为冗余零序分量的分配比例ks1；当上下电容电压之差大于滞环上限时滞环控制器输出0.5，当滞环上下电容电压之差小于滞环下限时滞环控制器输出-0.5。
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