CN114033565A - 双燃料船用内燃发动机以及对应的方法和改装工具包 - Google Patents

双燃料船用内燃发动机以及对应的方法和改装工具包 Download PDF

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CN114033565A
CN114033565A CN202111360464.XA CN202111360464A CN114033565A CN 114033565 A CN114033565 A CN 114033565A CN 202111360464 A CN202111360464 A CN 202111360464A CN 114033565 A CN114033565 A CN 114033565A
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N·S·基肖尔
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Winterthur Gas and Diesel AG
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Abstract

本发明涉及双燃料船用内燃发动机以及对应的方法和改装工具包。双燃料船用内燃发动机(1),优选是低压双燃料发动机,尤其是两冲程双燃料低速发动机,以及对应的方法和改装工具包,包括至少一个用于气体燃料‑空气混合物的点燃或液体燃料‑空气混合物的点燃的燃烧室(2)。发动机包括进入燃烧室(2)的空气入口(3)和离开燃烧室(2)的空气出口(4)。另外,发动机(1)包括气体燃料运行模式和液体燃料运行模式,其中惰性气体入口阀(5)能够由控制单元(6)控制,从而惰性气体能够根据预定燃烧状态优选地通过空气入口(3)被引入至少一个燃烧室(2)。

Description

双燃料船用内燃发动机以及对应的方法和改装工具包
本申请是申请日为2016年2月16日、申请号为201610097135.3、发明名称为“双燃料船用内燃发动机以及对应的方法和改装工具包”的专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种双燃料船用内燃发动机、一种用于在双燃料船用内燃发动机中控制燃烧中的早燃和燃烧速度的方法、一种用于双燃料内燃发动机的改装工具包以及一种用于控制将惰性气体引入双燃料内燃发动机的燃烧室的计算机程序产品。
背景技术
由于海运业中越来越严厉的空气污染规定,双燃料发动机成为造船业中的重要发动机。
市场上有基于低压或高压概念的双燃料发动机。低压双燃料发动机被优化为奥托循环的两冲程气体燃料发动机。高压双燃料发动机是柴油循环发动机并要求基本上更大量的引燃燃料并产生更高水平的NOX
当气体燃料进入内燃发动机的燃烧室并与燃烧空气混合时,存在不受控的燃烧(所谓的早燃)的风险早燃。早燃主要是由于燃烧室内的基团造成的。早燃的发生降低了发动机效率并导致零件的更高程度磨损。
发明内容
因此,本发明的目标是避免现有技术的缺点,并提供一种双燃料船用内燃发动机、一种用于控制早燃和燃烧速度的方法、一种用于双燃料内燃发动机的改装工具包以及一种用于控制将惰性气体引入双燃料内燃发动机的燃烧室的计算机程序产品,这减少了早燃的发生。该目标通过根据本发明的一种双燃料船用内燃发动机、一种用于控制预点火和燃烧速度的方法、一种用于双燃料内燃发动机的改装工具包以及一种用于控制将惰性气体引入双燃料内燃发动机的燃烧室的计算机程序产品被实现。
具体地,该目标通过一种双燃料船用内燃发动机被实现,优选地为低压双燃料发动机,尤其是两冲程双燃料低速发动机,该双燃料船用内燃发动机包括至少一个燃烧室,所述至少一个燃烧室用于气体燃料-空气混合物的点燃或液体燃料-空气混合物的点燃。所述发动机包括进入燃烧室的空气入口和离开燃烧室的空气出口,其中所述发动机包括气体燃料运行模式和液体燃料运行模式。惰性气体入口阀能够由控制单元控制,从而惰性气体能够根据预定燃烧状态优选地通过所述空气入口被引入所述至少一个燃烧室。
由于可以阻止燃烧室中的早燃以及燃烧速度,这种双燃料发动机导致更有效率的燃烧和更少的发动机零件磨损。
预定燃烧状态是从理论上或在试验运转中的或在发动机运行期间预先确定的最可能发生早燃的状态。
根据本发明,预定燃烧状态只由早燃发生的可能性决定。预定燃烧状态不由任何排放标准决定。
根据本发明,低速发动机是一种转速最高为200rpm的发动机。具体地,这些低速发动机是具有缸径为250mm到1000mm的燃烧室的大型发动机。
低压双燃料发动机不需要任何排气后处理,因为在气体燃料模式下不需要任何排气后处理就能实现tier 3排放,使用液体燃料最少能实现tier 2排放。因此,低压双燃料发动机在每种可能的运行条件(从怠速到满负荷输出)下都能满足全球的排放限制。
根据发动机是高压还是低压***,惰性气体入口阀可以被设置在涡轮增压器的上游或下游。替换地,惰性气体入口阀可以是气缸套上的独立零件。
惰性气体可以能够在气体燃料运行模式期间被引入。
在气体燃料运行模式下惰性气体的引入导致气体燃料模式下早燃以及燃烧速度被抑制。发动机的效率被提高,且零件上的磨损被减少。另外,在液体燃料模式下该过程不受影响。
惰性气体可以是排气。
使用排气作为惰性气体导致非常有效率的过程和排气的进一步清洁,从而实现发动机排放的优化。另外,不需要额外的惰性气体容器。
发动机包括用于将排气引入燃烧室的排气再循环***。
排气再循环***的使用是产生新的抑制早燃和燃烧速度的效果的标准零件的引入。
排气再循环***可以至少包括鼓风机、冷却装置(优选是水分离器),以及清洁或洗涤单元,优选与涡轮增压器并联布置,更优选布置在涡轮增压器的低压侧。
涡轮增压器的低压侧的布置比高压侧的布置便宜。
排气再循环***使得能够在排气被引入涡轮增压器之前清洁排气、冷却排气以及最终增加排气的压力。
排气再循环***可以能够由控制单元控制。
因此,排气再循环***可以只在早燃发生或最可能发生的情况下被启动。排气再循环***不为达到某个排放水平而连续运行。
预定燃烧状态可以由燃烧室中的温度和/或压力决定。
例如,气缸压力轨迹可以被用于确定燃烧室中早燃的开始。具体的压力和/或温度值取决于所使用的气体燃料和某种发动机,并且必须被提前确定,或者在试验运转期间或发动机运行期间被输入控制单元。
所述目标还通过一种用于在双燃料船用内燃发动机中控制燃烧中的早燃的方法被实现,双燃料为气体燃料和液体燃料,液体燃料尤其是柴油,所述双燃料船用内燃发动机优选是前面描述过的发动机早燃。该方法包括气体燃料运行模式和液体燃料运行模式。在气体燃料运行模式下在预定燃烧状态期间将惰性气体引入燃烧室。
预定燃烧状态基于早燃的发生或发生可能性。预定燃烧状态不取决于发动机的排放水平。
通过使用所述方法,早燃的发生可以被控制和避免,因此发动机效率被提高。
预定燃烧状态可以取决于燃烧室中的温度和/或压力。
因此,惰性气体只在需要时被引入。
可以在发动机运行期间在气体燃料运行模式下连续地确定燃烧状态。
连续地确定导致对燃烧状态的连续监视,因此导致可以在早燃可能发生或已经发生的情况下引入惰性气体。另外,液体燃料模式不受惰性气体所导致的早燃抑制的影响。
可以在试验运转中提前确定发动机的燃烧状态,并且基于试验运转确定预定燃烧状态。
因此,可以在没有连续监视或者有额外的连续监视的情况下引入惰性气体,并且发动机的效率被提高。
如果探测到燃烧室中的早燃(优选地是在之前未知早燃的状态下探测到早燃),则增加预定燃烧状态早燃早燃。
因此,在发动机运行期间***获得信息,并且可以增加其他的预定燃烧状态。
惰性气体是排气,优选地是再循环排气。
因此,排气被重复利用,排放被降低。另外,不需要额外的惰性气体容器。
所述目标还通过一种用于双燃料内燃发动机的改装工具包被实现,所述双燃料内燃发动机优选是低压发动机,尤其是具有气体燃料运行模式和柴油运行模式的船用发动机。所述改装工具包包括用于在气体燃料运行模式期间将排气再循环到燃烧室中的排气再循环***。所述改装工具包还包括惰性气体入口阀和用于控制所述排气再循环***的控制单元。
通过所述改装工具包,即使是已有的内燃发动机也很能被更新,从而抑制双燃料模式下的早燃。
所述目标还通过一种用于控制将惰性气体引入内燃发动机的燃烧室的计算机程序产品被实现,所述内燃发动机优选是低压双燃料内燃发动机,优选是如之前所述的发动机。如之前所述的用于控制早燃的方法能够由这种计算机程序产品执行。
附图说明
通过附图在实施方式中进一步描述本发明:
图1是具有低压排气再循环的装置的示意图;
图2是具有高压排气再循环的装置的示意图;
图3是用于控制早燃的方法的示意流程图;
图4是标准燃烧循环的图;
图5是发生早燃的燃烧循环的图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了具有低压排气再循环的装置的示意图。在低压排气再循环***中,排气再循环***7布置在涡轮增压器12的低压侧。双燃料船用内燃发动机1是两冲程低压双燃料发动机1。双燃料发动机1具有两个独立的运行模式:气体燃料运行模式和液体燃料运行模式。在两种模式下,燃料都被引入燃烧室2。另外,空气通过空气入口3被引入燃烧室2。燃烧之后,排气从燃烧室2被释放到排气出口4。在空气入口3的下游布置有涡轮增压器12。通过涡轮增压器12的应用,提高了发动机1的效率。在涡轮增压器12的下游布置有排气再循环***7。排气再循环***7包括清洁单元8、冷却单元9、水分离器10和鼓风机11。如果燃烧室中达到预定燃烧状态,惰性气体入口阀5由控制单元6打开。还将排气再循环***7连接到涡轮增压器12的压缩侧是可能的,从而在液体燃料运行期间使用排气再循环***。控制单元6与燃烧室2中的一个传感器或几个传感器连接,从而确定燃烧室2中是否存在预定燃烧状态。排气再循环***7只在预定燃烧状态被传感器感测到时才被控制单元6启动。传感器是燃烧室2中的压力传感器和温度传感器。
图2示出了图1的替换实施方式,其中排气再循环***7布置在涡轮增压器12的高压侧。排气再循环***7包括清洁单元8、冷却单元9、水分离器10、鼓风机11和惰性气体入口阀5。惰性气体入口阀5由控制单元6控制,并根据燃烧室2中预定燃烧状态的发生允许将排气引入燃烧室2。为此,控制单元6被连接到一个或几个确定预定燃烧状态的传感器。传感器是燃烧室2中的压力传感器和温度传感器。可以通过将可利用的排气共享给两根流体连接管线同时将来自燃烧室2的排气用于涡轮增压器12和排气再循环。只要预定燃烧状态不再被识别,排气再循环在气体燃料运行模式下被停止。
图3示出了用于控制燃烧中早燃的方法的示意流程图。当在发动机运行期间气体燃料模式31开始时,为了预定燃烧状态32连续地监视燃烧。预定燃烧状态32由燃烧室2中的温度和压力确定(参见图1和图2)。预定燃烧状态32的一个实施例在图5中示出。在没有达到预定燃烧状态32的情况下,在气体燃料运行模式下不需要排气再循环33。在预定燃烧状态32被识别的情况下,进入燃烧室2的排气再循环被开启。在预定燃烧状态不再被识别的情况下,排气再循环被停止。在发动机1的气体燃料运行模式31期间,连续地进行预定燃烧状态的监视。
图4通过气缸压力与曲轴转角示出了在没有任何早燃的标准燃烧循环期间的早燃燃烧过程。气缸压力的峰值发生在大约5°曲轴转角处,该峰值本身非常陡峭。
图5示出了在早燃发生的情况下预定燃烧状态下的图4的相同图。在早燃发生期间,气缸压力已经在0°曲轴转角处达到峰值。另外,该峰值更平缓且峰值压力比图4中所示的标准循环的峰值压力高大约10%。

Claims (12)

1.一种双燃料船用内燃发动机(1),即低压双燃料发动机,也即两冲程双燃料低速发动机,该双燃料船用内燃发动机(1)包括至少一个燃烧室(2)、进入所述燃烧室(2)的空气入口(3)以及离开所述燃烧室(2)的空气出口(4),所述至少一个燃烧室(2)用于气体燃料-空气混合物的点燃或液体燃料-空气混合物的点燃,其中所述双燃料船用内燃发动机(1)包括气体燃料运行模式和液体燃料运行模式,其特征在于,惰性气体入口阀(5)能够由控制单元(6)控制以减少早燃的发生,从而惰性气体能够根据其中早燃发生或早燃可能发生的预定燃烧状态而被引入所述至少一个燃烧室(2)中,
其中,所述控制单元被设计为用于在发动机运行处于气体燃料运行模式期间连续地确定燃烧状态,使得在所述燃烧状态对应于预定燃烧状态的情况下能够将惰性气体引入所述燃烧室中,
其中,预定燃烧状态是从理论上或基于试验运转预先确定的,并且
其中,所述控制单元还被设计为用于在所述发动机运行期间确定预定燃烧状态并用于在之前未知早燃的状态下在所述燃烧室(2)中探测到早燃的情况下将所述预定燃烧状态增加到预先确定的预定燃烧状态。
2.根据权利要求1所述的双燃料船用内燃发动机(1),其特征在于,所述惰性气体能够在气体燃料运行模式期间被引入。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的双燃料船用内燃发动机(1),其特征在于,所述惰性气体是排气。
4.根据权利要求3所述的双燃料船用内燃发动机,其特征在于,所述双燃料船用内燃发动机包括用于将排气引入所述燃烧室(2)中的排气再循环***(7)。
5.根据权利要求4所述的双燃料船用内燃发动机,其特征在于,所述排气再循环***(7)至少包括鼓风机(11)、冷却装置(9)以及清洁单元(8)。
6.根据权利要求4或5所述的双燃料船用内燃发动机,其特征在于,所述排气再循环***(7)能够由所述控制单元(6)控制。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的双燃料船用内燃发动机(1),其特征在于,所述预定燃烧状态由所述燃烧室(2)中的温度和/或压力决定。
8.一种用于在双燃料船用内燃发动机(1)中控制燃烧中的早燃的方法,所述双燃料船用内燃发动机(1)是根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的双燃料船用内燃发动机,所述双燃料船用内燃发动机(1)具有气体燃料运行模式和液体燃料运行模式,其特征在于,
早燃发生或早燃可能发生的预定燃烧状态是从理论上或在试验运转中预先确定的,
在发动机运行处于气体燃料运行模式期间连续地确定燃烧状态,并且在之前未知早燃的状态下在所述燃烧室中探测到早燃的情况下将燃烧状态增加到预先确定的预定燃烧状态,
在所述气体燃料运行模式下在预定燃烧状态期间将惰性气体引入所述燃烧室(2)中,并且
由此控制并避免早燃的发生。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于,所述预定燃烧状态由所述燃烧室(2)中的温度和/或压力决定。
10.根据权利要求8或9所述的方法,其特征在于,所述惰性气体是排气。
11.一种用于低压双燃料内燃发动机的改装工具包,所述低压双燃料内燃发动机即为船用发动机,所述低压双燃料内燃发动机具有气体燃料运行模式和柴油运行模式,所述改装工具包包括用于在气体燃料运行模式期间将排气再循环到燃烧室(2)中的排气再循环***(7)、惰性气体入口阀(5)以及控制单元(6),所述控制单元用于控制所述排气再循环***(7)并且用于使用早燃发生或早燃可能发生的预定燃烧状态来减少早燃的发生。
12.一种用于控制将惰性气体引入低压双燃料内燃发动机的燃烧室(2)的计算机程序产品,所述低压双燃料内燃发动机是根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的双燃料船用内燃发动机,其中能够执行根据权利要求8或9所述的方法。
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